Laboratory 1 ‐ Properties of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to investigate P
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the physical and chemical properties of five elements and to classify the elements as metals, nonmetals, metalloids.
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Safety Precautions:
Hydrochloric acid solution is corrosive to skin and eyes. Copper(II) chloride solution is slightly toxic by ingestion. Avoid contact of all chemicals with eyes and skin Wear
Avoid contact of all chemicals with eyes and skin. Wear chemical splash goggles, chemical‐resistant gloves, and a chemical‐resistant apron. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the lab.
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Laboratory 1 ‐ Properties of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Materials: M
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Aluminum shot, 2 pieces Beaker, 150‐mL
Carbon lumps or powder b l
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Conductivity tester
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Sulfur lumps or powder
Distilled water bottle
Tin shot or sheet, 2 pieces
Hammer
Zinc shot or foil, 2 pieces Spatula or forceps
Test tubes, small, 5
Test tube rack 1M Hydrochloric acid solution in a dropper bottle.
0.1M Copper chloride solution in a dropper bottle. Laboratory 1 ‐ Properties of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Procedure:
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Physical Properties
1 Record the appearance of each element such as color luster
1. Record the appearance of each element such as color, luster, and form (crystalline, flakes, smooth, etc.).
2. Test the conductivity of each element by touching it with y
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the wires of the conductivity tester. Record the results.
3. Test the malleability of each element: Gently rap each element sample with a small hammer. If malleable, it flattens l
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or bends without shattering. If brittle, it shatters or cracks into p
small pieces. Record the results in the data table.
Laboratory 1 ‐ Properties of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Procedure:
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Chemical Properties
1. Place a small piece of each element into a test tube.
1. Place a small piece of each element into a test tube.
2. Test for reactivity with hydrochloric acid: Add 10 drops of 1M hydrochloric acid to each test tube. Observe for 1–2 minuets for signs of a chemical reaction Record observations
minuets for signs of a chemical reaction. Record observations.
3. Pour the liquid from the test tubes into a 150‐mL beaker. Invert the test tubes over paper towels and tap to remove any solids. Do NOT put anything down the drain! Discard the paper lid D NOT t
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towels in the trash.
4. Thoroughly rinse each test tube with distilled water from a g y
wash bottle.
Laboratory 1 ‐ Properties of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Procedure:
Chemical Properties
5. Place a small piece of each element into a test tube.
6. Test for reactivity with copper(II) chloride: Add 10 drops of 0.1 M copper(II) chloride solution to each test tube. Observe 1–2 minutes for signs of a chemical reaction. Record observations in the data table. 3. Pour the liquid from the test tubes into a 150‐mL beaker. Invert the test tubes over paper towels and tap to remove any solids. Do p p
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NOT put anything down the drain! Discard the paper towels in the trash.
4. Thoroughly rinse each test tube with distilled water from a wash g y
bottle.
Laboratory 1 ‐ Properties of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Data Table:
Laboratory 1 ‐ Properties of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Discussion Questions:
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1. Review the data for the five elements. Sort the elements into two groups, based on similarities in l
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their properties. Explain the criteria that were used to separate the elements into these two groups
to separate the elements into these two groups.
2. Are there any “borderline elements,” that is, do 2
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any of the elements appear to have properties
of both groups? f b th
?