Slide 1
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 2
___________________________________
Three Groups in the 13 Colonies
0 New England Colonies
0 Middle Colonies
0 Southern Colonies
Slide 3
New England Colonies
0 Massachusetts
0 New Hampshire
0 Connecticut
0 Rhode Island
Slide 4
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
The New England Colonies
The Religious Colonies in the North
0 First settled by the Separatists also called the
Pilgrims in 1620s
0 Migration in the 1630’s led by the Puritans
0 Unlike the Pilgrims, the Puritans did not want to
separate entirely from the Church of England.
0 They just wanted to reform (or “purify”) the church by
introducing simpler forms of worship.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 5
___________________________________
Rise of the Puritans
0 Conflict in England over Anglican Church continued
0 Group know as Puritans started to Grow
0 Protestants who wanted to Purify and Reform the
Anglican Church
0 Most extreme puritans broke off from Anglican
Church leading to Punishment
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 6
Pilgrims
0 Religious group who broke off and left England to escape
persecution.
0 Went to the Netherlands in 1608
0 Immigrants
0 Could practice religion freely
0 Puritans worried that children would forget English traditions
0 Decided to leave Europe altogether
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 7
___________________________________
The Mayflower
0 September 16, 1612
0 Left England with 100
men women and children
0 William Bradford was
one of them
0 Two Months at sea finally
landed north of Virginia
0 Outside Charter given
0 Needed to Govern Self
Slide 8
Mayflower Compact
0 November 21 1620
0 41 male passengers signed
the Mayflower Compact
0 Legal contract to agree to
have fair laws to protect
the general good.
0 Represents one of the first
attempts at self
government in colonies.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 9
Plymouth Rock
0 Late 1620 the Pilgrims
landed in present day
Massachusetts
0 First winter was rough
0 Nearly half the settlers
died
0 Disease and Weather
0 Spring 1621
0 Samoset walked into
Plymouth colony
0 Native American who had
learned English from
fishermen who passed
through
0 Taught pilgrims about
area and people near by
0 Introduced them to
Squanto
Slide 10
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Squanto
0 A Patuxet Indian
0 Had at one time lived in
England
0 Knew English
0 Taught Pilgrims how to
fertilizes soil with fish
remains
0 Helped create a good
relationship with local
Wampanoag Indians
Slide 11
The First Thanksgiving
0 Pilgrims with new relationship invited the Wampanoag
chief, Massasoit and 90 others to Harvest Feast
0 Pilgrims killed Wild Turkeys.
0 Marked survival of New Colony.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 12
The Great Migration
0 1620 England
0 Economy was down
0 King Charles I raises taxes
0 Church of England punishing
Puritans
0 1629 and 1640
0 Thousands of Puritan Families left
England
0 40,000 Came to Colonies
0 One Group was granted charter to
start colony in Massachusetts Bay
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 13
___________________________________
Massachusetts Bay Colony
0 Lead by John Winthrop
0 Puritan who believed they
were to build ideal Christian
community
0 Massachusetts bay colony very
well prepared and very
successful
0 By 1691 the colony joins with
the Plymouth colony
Slide 14
Salem Witch Trials
0 Started in 1691 through 1693
0 Over 200 accused & 20 killed & 2 dogs
0 A group of girls were played a fortune telling game
and became ill (known as the “Afflicted Girls”}
0 We don’t know why:
0 Fungus on Rye bread
0 Mental illness
0 Boredom
0 Abuse
0 Many problems were happening in Massachusetts at that time:
0 Small pox, rivalries between families, Native American attacks, and
refugees put a strain on the area and helped create fear
0 Many that were killed were wealthy land owners and their rivals wanted
their wealth and land
0 As time went on, many felt ashamed and remorseful for what had
happened and issued public apologies
Slide 15
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
New Hampshire
0 1623
0 From Massachusetts Bay, settlers fanned out across New
England
0 In 1680, the king made these coastal settlements into a
separate colony called New Hampshire
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 16
Connecticut
0 1633
0 Thomas Hooker
0 A minister who took his
followers to start a new colony
0 Founded Connecticut
0 Desire was to create a more
Democratic Puritan Colony.
0 Created the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut
0 Allowed men who were not
puritans to vote
0 This was different than
Massachusetts Bay Colony
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 17
Rhode Island
0 Roger Williams
0 Minister
0 Didn’t agree with the
leadership of Massachusetts
0 Openly criticized the leaders of
Massachusetts
0 Forced out because leaders
feared disunity
0 Took his followers to form a
new settlement
0 Providence
0 Rhode Island became a colony
for religious tolerance and
democratic government
Slide 18
Rhode Island
0 Anne Hutchinson
0 Boston Puritan
0 Started Questioning local
Ministers
0 Forced to Leave
Massachusetts Bay Colony
0 Took Followers to found
Portsmouth colony
0 Would later become a part of
Rhode Island.
Slide 19
Economy in New England
0 Mass Farming difficult
0 Slavery not important
0 Trading
0 Merchants controlled money
0 Locally and Overseas
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
0 Fishing
0 One of the Largest industries
0 Whale Hunting
0 Oil for lighting
0 Ship Building
0 Forests and Harbors
0 Increased because needed for trade.
0 Craftsmen
0 Blacksmith, weaving, shipbuilding,
printing
0 Apprenticeship popular in New England
Slide 20
___________________________________
Education in New England
0 Families in New England wanted
children to read
0 The Bible
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
0 Massachusetts Bay Colony created first
___________________________________
0 Schools must be founded in every colony
___________________________________
education laws that required parents to
provide instruction.
with 50 families
0 Based on Bible Study
0 Elementary school only
0 New England had more schools than
any other colony.
0 Higher Education
0 1636 John Harvard and General Court
created Harvard College
0 By 1700 70 percent of men 45 percent of
women could read in New England.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 21
The Middle Colonies
___________________________________
___________________________________
0 New York
___________________________________
0 New Jersey
___________________________________
___________________________________
0 Pennsylvania
___________________________________
0 Delaware
___________________________________
Slide 22
New York and New Jersey
0 The Dutch
0 Founded New Netherlands in
1613 as a trading post for the
fur trade.
0 Main Town was New
Amsterdam on Manhattan
Island.
0 Settlers drawn to New
Netherlands
0 Land Grants to lords
0 Religious tolerance
0 Led by Peter Stuyvesant, the
director General
Slide 23
New Netherlands Captured
0 1664 the English captured the
undefended colony of New
Netherlands
0 Didn’t Shoot a Single Shot
0 Director General forced to Turn
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
colony over to English
0 New Netherlands got a new name
0 New York – Controlled by Duke of
York
0 New Amsterdam Became new York
City
0 Duke of York put Sir George Carteret
and Lord Berkley in charge of New
Jersey.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
0 Diverse land of cultures then and now.
Slide 24
Penn’s Colony
0 New Jersey had a religious group
growing called the Quakers, The
Society of Friends.
0 Quakers didn’t follow standard
practices
0 Believed equality of Men and
women before God
0 Non Violence and Religious
Tolerance
0 Quakers began to be persecuted in
America and England.
0 William Penn of New Jersey wished
to found a safe home for Quakers.
0 King Charles II agreed to grant
Penn a Charter for a New Colony.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 25
Pennsylvania
0 Grew rapidly from the start
0 William Penn Limited his
own power in Government.
0 Created an Elected Assembly.
0 Making Pennsylvania an
example of Representative
Government.
0 Penn created the capitol city
of Philadelphia which means
“City of Brotherly Love”
Slide 26
Delaware
0 Land originally controlled by
Dutch
0 Home to New Sweden
0 Captured by English with
Capture of New York
0 Controlled by the Duke of York
until 1682 when the Duke sold
it to Penn.
0 It remained a part of
Pennsylvania until 1776.
Slide 27
Economy of Middle Colonies
0 Staple Crops
0 Crops that are Always needed
0 Wheat, Barley, And Oats
0 Livestock
0 Slavery somewhat popular.
0 Worked more in cities
0 Blacksmiths and Carpenters
0 Shipbuilding
0 By 1760 Philadelphia was largest British colonial city.
0 Trading city
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 28
The Southern Colonies
0 Maryland
0 Virginia
0 North Carolina
0 South Carolina
0 Georgia
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 29
The Mason-Dixon Line
0 The Mason-Dixon Line was more than just a boundary between
Pennsylvania and Maryland. It also divided the Middle Colonies from the
Southern Colonies
0 South of the Mason-Dixon Line, the Southern Colonies developed a way of
life different in many ways from that of the other English colonies
0 During the Civil War, this line helped divide the North from the South
(or the slave vs. non-slave)
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 30
Jamestown, Virginia
0 April 26 1607
0 105 colonists sent by
London Company Arrived
in Virginia
0 Established Jamestown on
James River in May
0 Jamestown became the
first permanent English
settlement in North
America.
Slide 31
Maryland
0 Religious differences in England
created a driving force for more
colonies in America
0 Original Roman Catholics vs.
Church of England.
0 1620s
0 Request for Charter made by
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
0 1632 King Charles grants
charter to Cecilius Calvert, son
of George.
Slide 32
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cecilius, Second Lord of Baltimore
0 Named the New Colony
Maryland
0 After the Queen Henrietta
Maria of England
0 Cecilius Calvert wanted the
colony to be for Catholics
0 Maryland became a colony
controlled by the company
that paid for it.
0 First Catholic Colonists
arrived in Maryland in
1634
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 33
___________________________________
Success in Maryland
0 More prepared
0 Learned from struggling
Jamestown
0 Successful Crops and Herds
0 Grew Corn
0 Raised Hogs and Cows
0 Grew Tobacco and Got
Rich!
0 Success brought more
people
0 Protestants!
Slide 34
Toleration Act of 1649
0 Lord Baltimore presented a bill to reduce the conflict
between Catholics and Protestants.
0 Makes it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians
0 First law supporting religious tolerance
0 Didn’t stop the problem but showed that government will
try to protect rights
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 35
The Carolinas
0 King Charles of England also gave the
0
0
0
0
0
0
Slide 36
land between Virginia and Florida to
8 of his supporters.
The Carolinas form from this group
around 1663
Start as one colony but the major
settlements were too far apart so they
split to form North and South
Carolina
North Carolina made up of farmers
from Virginia
South Carolina mainly European
settlers.
Land grants given to the colonists for
farming.
Falls under British government when
companies cant manage the colonies
Georgia
0 The last of the 13 colonies
0 Originally part of South Carolina
0 Founded by James Oglethorpe
0 a respected English soldier and energetic
reformer in 1732
0 Oglethorpe started the colony for debtors
0 people who owed money they could not pay back
0 He often paid for people to travel to Georgia and
said “In America, there are enough fertile lands
to feed all the poor of England”
0 Created as a buffer between Spain & England
0 First settlement was Savannah, built by
Oglethorpe and 120 other colonists in 1733
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 37
The Economy in the Southern
Colonies
0 Based Primarily on Agriculture
0 Large plantation with difficult crops
0 Cash Crops
0 Tobacco, Sugar, Cotton
0 Workers originally were indentured servants who
would work for land
0 One of the reasons people came to colonies
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 38
___________________________________
Indentured Servants
0 Servants who signed contract to
work for 4 to 7 years to pay for
their journey to America.
0 Very common as death rates
created labor shortages
0 After servant time period you
could work for self
0 Didn’t have money to buy land
0 Didn’t have resources to stop
working
0 Usually still worked if able for
someone
Slide 39
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
0 You are living in London in 1700s. Some of your
friends are starting new lives in the American
Colonies. You would like to go but cant afford the cost
of the trip. There is one way you can go. You can sign a
paper promising to work as a servant for five years.
Then you would be free and live in the colonies.
0 Would you Sign the Contract? Why or Why Not?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 40
___________________________________
Slavery
0 Dutch ship brought first Africans
to colonies in 1619
0 Servants and Slaves both
0 Servants who work out contracts
could start own farms
0 Demand for labor lead to low
cost for slaves creating an
increase in slave labor in
colonies.
0 By 1700s enslaved Africans
rather than indentured servants
main labor force.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 41
___________________________________
Treatment of Slavery
0 Simply Stated….
0 Brutal
0 Olaudah Equiano
0 Slave who lived under brutal
conditions
0 “Tortures, Murder, and every
other imaginable barbarity….
Are practiced upon poor slaves
with impunity [no punishment].
I hope the slave-trade will be
abolished.”
Slide 42
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slave Codes
0 Laws passed to control the slaves.
0 Created over fear of uprising
0 South Carolina
0 Slaves could not hold meetings or own weapons
0 Other colonies outlawed freeing slaves
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 43
___________________________________
Trade in Rum and Slaves
0 The colonies produced a wide variety of goods
0 Yankees – New England merchants known to be
clever and hardworking
0 Triangular trade
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
0 New England – West Indies – New England
___________________________________
0 New England – West Africa – West Indies – New England
___________________________________
0 Export: Livestock, lumber, flour, fish
0 Import: sugar, molasses
0 Export: Rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, tools
0 Import: Enslaved Africans
Slide 44
Triangular Trade
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 45
Life as a Colonist
Pre-Revolutionary Life
0Town Meetings
0 Center of Politics in New England
0 Colonists would gather to discuss
issues and solutions in a group
setting.
0 Helped dictate laws and
ordinances
0 Not used in south because of
distance between settlements
0 Sometimes used in Middle
Colonies
Slide 46
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Political Change
0 1685 James II became King of
England.
0 Wanted to take more control over
the government, even in colonies.
0 Believed colonies were too
independent
0 Created Dominion of New England.
0 Put Sir Edmund Andros in Charge
0 Angered colonists, Andros limited
power of town meetings
0 James would be forced off the
thrown by parliament
Slide 47
___________________________________
Bacon’s Rebellion
0 Lead by Nathanial Bacon
0 Because of clashes with Native
Americans and no help from the
governor (who was benefiting from
trade with the Indians), Nathanial
Bacon and followers went on a killing
rampage against Native Americans
0 The House of Burgesses and Governor
Berkeley were threatened at gunpoint
and the colonial capital of Jamestown
was burned
0 The revolt did not last long, for Bacon
suddenly died. 23 of his followers were
hung
Slide 48
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
The Great Awakening
___________________________________
0 Religious movement that swept
___________________________________
0 Effected social and Political life
0 Created exchange of ideas between
___________________________________
through the colonies in the 1730s
and 1740s
0 Revivals
0 Emotional gatherings where
people come together to hear
sermons
colonies as ministers met with
each other
0 Equality preached encouraging
political equality
0 Revivals became popular places to
discuss politics
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Slide 49
___________________________________
The Enlightenment
0 Re-examining the world in which we
live
0 European enlightenment began in
1600s with the scientific revolution.
Later scientific revolution principles
were applied to society and life.
0 Enlightenment came to Colonies in
1700s,
0 Spread of ideas that reason and logic
could improve societies
0 Also changed opinions on
government
Slide 50
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
John Locke
0 Enlightenment thinker who
thought people had natural
rights to life liberty and
equality.
0 His ideas would have a big
impact on development of the
build up of revolution and the
establishment of a new
government.
Slide 51
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Education in the Colonies
0 New England Colonies
0 Developed the common school, or public school funded with taxes.
0 Middle Colonies
0 Churches and families set of private schools that one had to pay for.
Only wealthy children could attend.
0 Southern Colonies
0 Because of its rural nature, most southerners did not send children
to school. The rich would often hire a tutor – a private teacher.
0 Other types of education included apprenticeships
(working for a master to learn a trade), and dame schools
(private schools for women, run by women in their homes).
Slide 52
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Conclusion
0 Colonial life evolved over time, creating new customs
and traditions, freedoms and injustices, and a
different way of life than that of England.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________