Acids and Bases Review Topics
Physical Science: Chapter 9
Finish the following reaction: acid + base ® ________________ ?
a. base + water c. base + acid
b. salt + water
d. acid + salt
Finish the following reaction: acid + base ® ________________ ?
a. base + water c. base + acid
b. salt + water
d. acid + salt
pH measures the ____ of hydronium ions in a solution.
a. Concentration
c. versatility
b. strength
d. neutralization
pH measures the ____ of hydronium ions in a solution.
a. Concentration
c. versatility
b. strength
d. neutralization
Ammonia is a weak base because it produces ____ ions in solution.
a. only a few
c. strong
b. weak
d. many
Ammonia is a weak base because it produces ____ ions in solution.
a. only a few
c. strong
b. weak
d. many
A process that uses a solution of known concentration to find the
concentration of another solution is called
____.
a. ionization
c. titration
b. Neutralization
d. hydration
A process that uses a solution of known concentration to find the
concentration of another solution is called
____.
a. ionization
c. titration
b. Neutralization
d. hydration
Which of the following instruments could tell you how acidic a sample
of stream water is?
a. voltmeter
c. anemometer
b. pH meter
d. oscilloscope
Which of the following instruments could tell you how acidic a sample
of stream water is?
a. voltmeter
c. anemometer
b. pH meter
d. oscilloscope
Polyesters are fibers made of ____.
a. organic salts
c. many esters
b. glycerin
d. two esters
Polyesters are fibers made of ____.
a. organic salts
c. many esters
b. glycerin
d. two esters
Metal ions in water can react with soap to form ____.
a. detergents
c. salts
b. acid-base indicators
d. soap scum
Metal ions in water can react with soap to form ____.
a. detergents
c. salts
b. acid-base indicators
d. soap scum
A(n) ____ is a substance that produces OH- ions in a solution.
a. Alcohol
c. salt
b. base
d. acid
A(n) ____ is a substance that produces OH- ions in a solution.
a. Alcohol
c. salt
b. base
d. acid
Adding which of the following to a pond would be least likely to harm
the fish and other organisms living there?
a. ammonia
c. hydrochloric acid
b. drain cleaner
d. buffer
When Maria adds a few drops of bromthymol blue to a beaker of water, the
resulting solution has a blue color. Next, as she blows exhaled air into the
solution through a straw, Maria observes a series of color changes—blue to
blue-green, to green, to yellow-green, and finally to yellow. Which of
these is the most likely cause of these color changes?
a. The carbon dioxide in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak
base.
b. The oxygen in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak base.
c. The oxygen in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak acid.
d. The carbon dioxide in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak
acid.
When Maria adds a few drops of bromthymol blue to a beaker of water, the
resulting solution has a blue color. Next, as she blows exhaled air into the
solution through a straw, Maria observes a series of color changes—blue to
blue-green, to green, to yellow-green, and finally to yellow. Which of
these is the most likely cause of these color changes?
a. The carbon dioxide in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak
base.
b. The oxygen in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak base.
c. The oxygen in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak acid.
d. The carbon dioxide in the exhaled air dissolves in water to form a weak
acid.
A(n) ____ comes from an alcohol that is not a base but has a hydroxyl
group.
a. glycerin
c. salt
b. soap
d. ester
A(n) ____ comes from an alcohol that is not a base but has a hydroxyl
group.
a. glycerin
c. salt
b. soap
d. ester
H3O+ units are also known as ____.
a. hydroxyl groups
c. hydrogen ions
b. hydronium ions
d. hydroxide ions
H3O+ units are also known as ____.
a. hydroxyl groups
c. hydrogen ions
b. hydronium ions
d. hydroxide ions
____ change color in the presence of an acid or a base.
a. Buffers
c. Glycerins
b. Acids
d. Indicators
____ change color in the presence of an acid or a base.
a. Buffers
c. Glycerins
b. Acids
d. Indicators
____ of a solution refers to the ease with which an acid or base forms
ions in solution.
a. Acidity
c. pH
b. Concentration
d. Strength
____ of a solution refers to the ease with which an acid or base forms
ions in solution.
a. Acidity
c. pH
b. Concentration
d. Strength
In a titration, the ____ is the solution for which the concentration is
known.
a. hydrate
c. standard solution
b. Indicator
d. normal solution
In a titration, the ____ is the solution for which the concentration is
known.
a. hydrate
c. standard solution
b. Indicator
d. normal solution
The chemical equation shown above is a neutralization reaction. Which
formula represents a base?
a. K2SO4
c. KOH
b. H2O
d. H2SO4
To neutralize gastric juices in your stomach, antacids contain ____.
a. Phenolphthalein
c. bases
b. hydronium ions
d. H+ ions
To neutralize gastric juices in your stomach, antacids contain ____.
a. Phenolphthalein
c. bases
b. hydronium ions
d. H+ ions
Iced Tea has a pH of about 5. Iced Tea is ____.
a. extremely basic
c. somewhat basic
b. somewhat acidic
d. extremely acidic
Iced Tea has a pH of about 5. Iced Tea is ____.
a. extremely basic
c. somewhat basic
b. somewhat acidic
d. extremely acidic
A(n) ____ is a substance that produces H+ ions in a water solution.
a. Base
c. alcohol
b. acid
d. salt
A(n) ____ is a substance that produces H+ ions in a water solution.
a. Base
c. alcohol
b. acid
d. salt
In a ____ reaction, an acid and a base produce a salt and a water.
a. concentrated
c. neutralization
b. Dilute
d. decomposition
In a ____ reaction, an acid and a base produce a salt and a water.
a. concentrated
c. neutralization
b. Dilute
d. decomposition
What is the difference between a soap and a detergent?
a. Detergents have long hydrocarbon chains and soaps have long
nitrogen chains.
b. Soaps have long hydrocarbon chains and detergents have long
nitrogen chains.
c. Detergents contain carboxylic acid groups and soaps contain
phosphoric acid groups.
d. Soaps contain salts and detergents contain sulfonic or phosphoric
acid groups.
What is the difference between a soap and a detergent?
a. Detergents have long hydrocarbon chains and soaps have long
nitrogen chains.
b. Soaps have long hydrocarbon chains and detergents have long
nitrogen chains.
c. Detergents contain carboxylic acid groups and soaps contain
phosphoric acid groups.
d. Soaps contain salts and detergents contain sulfonic or phosphoric
acid groups.
Dan wanted to find out which hand soap produced the most lather and
bubbles. He made four different soaps, using a different base for each
one. Then he tested how much lather was produced by washing his
hands in hot water for different lengths of time with each soap. Dan’s
experiment could be improved by .
a. weighing the soaps before and after he was done
c. using more soap and water as he washed his hands with each soap
b. using hotter water while he washed his hands
d. washing his hands for the same length of time with each soap
Dan wanted to find out which hand soap produced the most lather and
bubbles. He made four different soaps, using a different base for each
one. Then he tested how much lather was produced by washing his
hands in hot water for different lengths of time with each soap. Dan’s
experiment could be improved by .
a. weighing the soaps before and after he was done
c. using more soap and water as he washed his hands with each soap
b. using hotter water while he washed his hands
d. washing his hands for the same length of time with each soap
In a chemical equation, a single arrow that points at the ions that are
formed indicates a ____ acid or base.
a. Strong
c. concentrated
b. weak
d. neutral
In a chemical equation, a single arrow that points at the ions that are
formed indicates a ____ acid or base.
a. Strong
c. concentrated
b. weak
d. neutral
In a titration, the ____ is the point at which the indicator changes
color and stays that way.
a. standard point
c. pH point
b. endpoint
d. acid point
In a titration, the ____ is the point at which the indicator changes
color and stays that way.
a. standard point
c. pH point
b. endpoint
d. acid point
Mr. Vasquez’s chemistry class made a list of some solutions and their
pH levels. The table above shows their results. Which of the following
sequences shows
these solutions, in order of least acidic to most acidic?
a. cola, acid rain, gastric juice, pure rainwater
b. acid rain, pure rainwater, gastric juice, cola
c. gastric juice, cola, acid rain, pure rainwater
d. pure rainwater, acid rain, cola, gastric juice
Mr. Vasquez’s chemistry class made a list of some solutions and their
pH levels. The table above shows their results. Which of the following
sequences shows
these solutions, in order of least acidic to most acidic?
a. cola, acid rain, gastric juice, pure rainwater
b. acid rain, pure rainwater, gastric juice, cola
c. gastric juice, cola, acid rain, pure rainwater
d. pure rainwater, acid rain, cola, gastric juice
Adding which of the following to a pond would be least likely to harm
the fish and other organisms living there?
a. ammonia
c. hydrochloric acid
b. drain cleaner
d. buffer
What you’ll learn…
Define acids and bases.
Compare and contrast acids and bases and identify the characteristics they
have.
Determine the meaning of pH.
Examine the relationship between pH and acids and base strength.
Describe what happens when an acids and base are mixed together.
Why….
In everyday language…
Acids and bases are chemical substances that release ions
when dissolved in water.
Acids are compounds that release positive hydrogen ions in water.
Bases release hydroxide ions, which are compounds made of an oxygen
and a hydrogen.
Acids and bases are used around the house for cleaning, but the levels
of acids and bases in the body are also important.
The body needs a neutral pH and controls the amounts of acids and
bases through processes involving the kidneys, lungs and blood.
Define acids and bases.
A. Definitions
•
Acids
o
Ionize to form hydronium ions (H3O+) in water
HCl + H2O 
+
H3O
+
–
Cl
A. Definitions
•
Bases
o
Dissociate or ionize to form hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
NH3 + H2O  NH4 +
+
OH
Two examples of everyday acids and
bases...
Acids and Bases characteristics
Acid: a compound that
contains the element
hydrogen and when it
is dissolved in water
the hydrogen comes off
the acid molecules and
attaches to the water
molecule.
• Acids are called proton
(H+) donors
Properties of Acids
• Sour taste
• Turns blue litmus
paper red
• Acids react with
certain metals to
give off hydrogen
gas
• Electrolytes
• Corrosive
Examples of Acids
HCl – hydrochloric acid (stomach)
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid (batteries)
HC2H3O2 – acetic acid (vinegar)
HNO3 - nitric acid (for manufacturing of
explosives and fertilizers)
• H3PO4 – phosphoric acid (acidifies foods
and colas)
•
•
•
•
• HC6H7O7 - citric acid (found in fruits)
Acids and Bases characteristics
Base: a compound
that contains OH
and when it is
dissolved in water
the OH comes off
the base
molecule.
Properties of Bases
• Feels slippery
• Bitter taste
• Turns red litmus
paper blue
• Corrosive
• Dissolves fats and
oils
Examples of Bases
•
•
•
•
NaOH – (sodium hydroxide – soap and Drano)
Ca(OH)2 – calcium hydroxide
Baking Soda – NaOHCO2
Toothpaste - OH-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2OH
Determine the meaning of pH
Indicators and pH Scale
• Indicator: a substance that changes color in the
presence of an acid or a base.
Examples of Indicators
• Litmus Paper
red paper turns paper
blue  base
blue paper turns paper
red  acid
• Phenolphthalein
(PHTH)
paper turns pink =
base
paper stays colorless =
acid
• Methyl Orange
paper turns red = acid
paper turns yellow =
base
Examine the relationship between pH and acids and
base strength.
pH scale….
• A number scale used to
describe the strength of
an acid or base.
• The stronger the
acid, the lower the
pH.
• The stronger the
base, the higher the
pH.
• pH scale ranges from 1
– 14
• pH scale 1 – 6 indicates
an acid
• pH scale 8 – 14
indicates a base
• pH of 7 is neutral
pH Scales
Each unit on the pH scale represents a10-fold increase.
Describe what happens when an acids and base are mixed
together.
Neutralization Reactions
Summary
In other words...
You give it try....fill in the blanks.
Acids- substances that release ___________in
____.
The H+ ion combines with ______ to form H3O+, the
positively charged ________.
Hydrogen ion
Water molecule
Hydronium ion
Fill in the blanks...
Bases are substances that produce negatively charged
___________ when dissolved in ___________.
In ____, bases separate into a positive ion and the
___________ (OH–).
complete the following...
Each unit on the pH scale represents a10-fold increase.
solve...
solve...
fill in the blanks of the ph scale...
fill in the blanks...ph scale continued...
_____ are below ___;
strong _____ are near ___.
_____ are above ___;
strong _____ near ___.
Neutral solutions have a pH of ___.
fill in the blanks...
fill in the boxes....
Properties
• sour taste
• bitter taste
• corrosive
• corrosive
• electrolytes
• electrolytes
• turn litmus red
• turn litmus blue
• react with metals
to form H2 gas
• slippery feel
Uses
• H3PO4 - soft drinks, fertilizer, detergents
• H2SO4 - fertilizer, car batteries
• HCl - gastric juice
• HC2H3O2 - vinegar
Uses
• NaOH - lye, drain and oven cleaner
• Mg(OH)2 - laxative, antacid
• NH3 - cleaners, fertilizer
I think you have this down!
To complete this thought pattern you are now going to use your book
(physical or online), and answer some short questions on acids and
bases.