GBD PROFILE: JORDAN
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASES, INJURIES, AND RISK FACTORS STUDY 2010
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) is a collaborative project of nearly 500 researchers in 50 countries led by the
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington. It is the largest systematic scientific effort in history to
quantify levels and trends of health loss due to diseases, injuries, and risk factors. GBD serves as a global public good to inform
evidence-based policymaking and health systems design.
PROFILE OVERVIEW
15
+
−7
9
80
−7
4
75
−6
9
70
−6
4
65
−5
9
60
−5
4
55
−4
9
50
−4
4
45
−3
9
40
−3
4
35
−2
9
30
−2
4
25
−1
9
20
15
9
0
−1
4
●
This chart shows the decline in mortality rate at every age range.
The higher points on the chart indicate that declines in mortality
rates were faster in those age groups between 1990 and 2010.
The greatest reductions in all-cause mortality rate were
experienced by males aged <1 year (58%). Females aged 80+
years saw the smallest decrease in mortality rate (6%).
30
10
●
45
4
ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY RATE
60
5−
●
Percent decline in age-specific mortality rate by sex from 1990-2010 in Jordan
1−
●
In terms of the number of years of life lost (YLLs) due to
premature death in Jordan, ischemic heart disease, congenital
anomalies, and cerebrovascular disease were the highest
ranking causes in 2010.
Of the 25 most important causes of burden, as measured by
disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), lower respiratory
infections showed the largest decrease, falling by 50% from
1990 to 2010.
The leading risk factor in Jordan is high body-mass index.
Percent decline in age−specific mortality rate
●
Age group
Males
Females
CAUSES OF PREMATURE DEATH
Years of life lost (YLLs) quantify premature mortality by weighting younger deaths more than older deaths.
Ranks for top 25 causes of YLLs 1990-2010, Jordan
# YLLs in thousands
(% of total)
Rank and disorder 1990
91 (13.7%)
1 Congenital anomalies
68 (10.2%)
2 Preterm birth complications
65 (9.7%)
3 Ischemic heart disease
52 (7.8%)
4 Lower respiratory infections
39 (5.8%)
5 Stroke
31 (4.7%)
6 Road injury
16 (2.4%)
7 Neonatal encephalopathy
13 (1.9%)
8 COPD
14 (2.1%)
9 Neonatal sepsis
11 (1.7%)
10 Hypertensive heart disease
10 (1.6%)
11 Other cardio & circulatory
11 (1.6%)
12 Diarrheal diseases
9 (1.3%)
13 Diabetes
8 (1.3%)
14 Mechanical forces
8 (1.2%)
15 Maternal disorders
8 (1.2%)
16 Fire
8 (1.2%)
17 Chronic kidney disease
8 (1.1%)
18 Drowning
7 (1.1%)
19 Interpersonal violence
7 (1.0%)
20 Leukemia
7 (1.0%)
21 Asthma
6 (0.9%)
22 Meningitis
6 (0.9%)
23 Cirrhosis
6 (0.9%)
24 Falls
6 (0.9%)
25 Lung cancer
26 Brain cancer
29 Breast cancer
30 Colorectal cancer
31 Self-harm
http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org
Rank and disorder 2010
1 Ischemic heart disease
2 Congenital anomalies
3 Stroke
4 Preterm birth complications
5 Road injury
6 Diabetes
7 Lower respiratory infections
8 Interpersonal violence
9 Chronic kidney disease
10 Hypertensive heart disease
11 Breast cancer
12 Other cardio & circulatory
13 Leukemia
14 Cirrhosis
15 Lung cancer
16 Neonatal encephalopathy
17 Neonatal sepsis
18 Fire
19 Brain cancer
20 Colorectal cancer
21 Falls
22 COPD
23 Drowning
24 Mechanical forces
25 Self-harm
27 Maternal disorders
29 Meningitis
31 Diarrheal diseases
38 Asthma
# YLLs in thousands
(% of total)
% change
72 (10.9%)
12
71 (10.7%)
-21
42 (6.3%)
8
39 (5.9%)
-41
37 (5.6%)
16
29 (4.3%)
252
25 (3.8%)
-51
22 (3.3%)
238
19 (2.9%)
150
16 (2.5%)
45
13 (2.0%)
291
11 (1.7%)
8
11 (1.7%)
60
9 (1.4%)
60
9 (1.4%)
57
10 (1.4%)
-40
9 (1.4%)
-30
9 (1.3%)
8
8 (1.3%)
75
8 (1.2%)
130
8 (1.2%)
35
8 (1.2%)
-38
7 (1.0%)
-10
6 (0.9%)
-27
5 (0.8%)
69
This chart shows the
change in the top 25
causes of YLLs due to
premature mortality
from 1990 to 2010.
Solid lines indicate a
cause has moved up in
rank or stayed the
same. Broken lines
indicate a cause has
moved down in rank.
The causes are color
coded by blue for
non-communicable
diseases, green for
injuries, and red for
communicable,
maternal, neonatal, and
nutritional causes of
death.
Jordan | GBD | page 1
YEARS LIVED WITH DISABILITY (YLDs)
Years lived with disability (YLDs) are estimated by weighting the prevalence of different conditions based on severity. The top five leading
causes of YLDs in Jordan are major depressive disorder, low back pain, iron-deficiency anemia, diabetes mellitus, and anxiety disorders.
Jordan YLDs by cause and age 2010
60,000
War & disaster
Intentional injuries
Unintentional injuries
Transport injuries
Other non−communicable
Musculoskeletal disorders
Diabetes/urogen/blood/endo
40,000
Mental & behavioral disorders
Neurological disorders
Digestive diseases
YLDs
The size of the colored
portion in each bar
represents the number of
YLDs attributable to each
cause. The height of each bar
shows which age groups had
the most YLDs in 2010. The
causes are aggregated. For
example, musculoskeletal
disorders include low back
pain and neck pain.
Cirrhosis
Chronic respiratory diseases
Cardio & circulatory diseases
Cancer
Other communicable
20,000
Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders
Maternal disorders
NTD & malaria
Diarrhea/LRI/other infectious
HIV/AIDS & tuberculosis
0−
6
7− da
28 27 ys
−3 da
64 ys
1− da
4 ys
5− yea
10 9 y rs
−1 ea
15 4 y rs
−1 ea
20 9 y rs
−2 ea
25 4 y rs
−2 ea
30 9 y rs
−3 ea
35 4 y rs
−3 ea
40 9 y rs
−4 ea
45 4 y rs
−4 ea
50 9 y rs
−5 ea
55 4 y rs
−5 ea
60 9 y rs
−6 ea
65 4 y rs
−6 ea
70 9 y rs
−7 ea
75 4 y rs
−7 ea
9 rs
80 yea
+ rs
ye
ar
s
0
DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (DALYs)
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) quantify both premature mortality (YLLs) and disability (YLDs) within a population. In Jordan, the top
three causes of DALYs in 2010 were major depressive disorder, ischemic heart disease, and congenital anomalies. The only cause to
appear in the 10 leading causes of DALYs in 2010 and not 1990 was diabetes mellitus.
21
OTHER CARDIO & CIRCULATORY
BREAST CANCER
19
MIGRAINE
DRUG USE DISORDERS
18
HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE
OTHER MUSCULOSKELETAL
NECK PAIN
16
FALLS
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
COPD
ANXIETY DISORDERS
15
10
24
11
12
13
14
17
20
22
23
25
DIARRHEAL DISEASES
9
NEONATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY
8
PRETERM BIRTH COMPLICATIONS
4
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
-50
0
7
ASTHMA
6
IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
5
STROKE
ROAD INJURY
DIABETES
LOW BACK PAIN
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
150
100
50
2
LOWER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
CC Non-communicable
-150
CC Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional
1
3
-100
Percent change 1990-2010
The top 25 causes of DALYs
are ranked from left to right
in order of the number of
DALYs they contributed in
2010. Bars going up show the
percent by which DALYs have
increased since 1990. Bars
going down show the percent
by which DALYs have
decreased. Globally,
non-communicable diseases
and injuries are generally on
the rise, while communicable,
maternal, neonatal, and
nutritional causes of DALYs
are generally on the decline.
200
Leading causes of DALYs and percent change 1990 to 2010 for Jordan
-200
CC Injuries
http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org
Jordan | GBD | page 2
RISK FACTORS
Overall, the three risk factors that account for the most disease burden in Jordan are high body-mass index, dietary risks, and high fasting
plasma glucose. The leading risk factors for children under 5 and adults aged 15-49 years were suboptimal breastfeeding and dietary
risks, respectively, in 2010.
Burden of disease attributable to 15 leading risk factors in 2010, expressed as a percentage of Jordan DALYs
High body−mass index
Dietary risks
War & disaster
High fasting plasma glucose
The graph shows the top 15
risk factors for Jordan. The
colored portion of each bar
represents the specific
diseases attributable to that
risk factor while bar size
represents the percentage of
DALYs linked to specific risk
factors.
Intentional injuries
Unintentional injuries
High blood pressure
Transport injuries
Other non−communicable
Smoking
Musculoskeletal disorders
Diabetes/urogen/blood/endo
Physical inactivity
Mental & behavioral disorders
Neurological disorders
Iron deficiency
Digestive diseases
Ambient PM pollution
Cirrhosis
Chronic respiratory diseases
High total cholesterol
Cardio & circulatory diseases
Cancer
Occupational risks
Other communicable
Nutritional deficiencies
Drug use
Neonatal disorders
Maternal disorders
Intimate partner violence
NTD & malaria
Diarrhea/LRI/other infectious
Alcohol use
HIV/AIDS & tuberculosis
Suboptimal breastfeeding
Childhood sexual abuse
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
% DALYs attributable to risk factors
9
10
11
COUNTRY BENCHMARKING OF BURDEN OF DISEASE
Understanding the relative performance of Jordan against other comparator countries provides key insight into public health successes
and areas where Jordan might be falling behind. The table identifies Jordan's rank across 14 other comparator countries, selected and
ordered by income per capita, for five metrics of interest, with 1 indicating the best rank and 15 indicating the worst rank.
● Age-standardized rates are used to make meaningful comparisons across time by adjusting for changes in population size and age
structure.
● Life expectancy incorporates mortality, and health-adjusted life expectancy further incorporates years lived in less than ideal health.
● In 2010, Jordan ranked 4th for age-standardized death rate and 11th for age-standardized YLD rate.
Country
Age-standardized death rates, YLL rates, YLD rates, and life expectancy at birth and health-adjusted life expectancy at birth for 1990 and 2010, both sexes combined
Age-standardized death rate
Age-standardized YLL rate
Age-standardized YLD rate
Health-adjusted life
Life expectancy at birth
(per 100,000)
(per 100,000)
(per 100,000)
expectancy at birth
1990
2010
1990
2010
1990
2010
1990
2010
1990
2010
Rate
Rank
Rate
Rank
Rate
Rank
Rate
Rank
Rate
Rank
Rate
Rank
LE
Rank
LE
Rank
HALE
Rank
HALE
Rank
1,144
10
919
10
39,780
12
24,522
10
11,911
4
11,933
7
62.8
11
69.3
10
54.4
10
60
9
896
5
607
3
24,989
5
14,024
3
9,639
1
8,782
1
69.3
5
75.7
3
61.7
1
67.8
2
Namibia
1,259
13
1,298
14
39,681
11
42,112
13
13,774
13
13,809
14
62.4
12
61.6
13
53.2
12
52.5
13
Samoa
1,088
9
863
9
28,245
6
21,441
7
12,397
5
11,587
4
67.2
6
70.8
7
58
6
61.5
7
Egypt
1,065
8
844
8
35,058
9
22,148
8
12,868
8
11,979
8
64.6
9
70.6
8
53.6
11
59.1
10
Guatemala
8
Turkmenistan
China
1,061
7
787
7
36,242
10
24,337
9
12,800
7
11,705
6
64.5
10
70.5
9
55.3
9
61
Armenia
809
3
674
5
24,125
3
17,197
5
11,778
3
11,588
5
70.3
3
73.9
5
60.6
4
63.7
5
Jordan
792
1
619
4
21,127
1
14,448
4
12,452
6
12,527
11
71.5
1
75.4
4
60.9
2
64
4
Vanuatu
1,507
14
1,291
13
41,590
14
34,595
12
13,346
12
12,657
12
61.6
14
64.3
12
53
14
55.7
12
Maldives
997
6
440
1
34,466
8
11,060
1
13,138
10
11,281
3
65.1
8
78.8
1
55.7
8
68
1
1,995
15
1,257
12
82,686
15
44,380
14
15,039
15
13,712
13
47.4
15
60.7
14
40.2
15
51.7
14
Angola
Swaziland
1,239
12
2,186
15
39,973
13
80,065
15
13,819
14
15,781
15
62.3
13
49.4
15
53
13
41.8
15
Fiji
1,184
11
1,068
11
32,309
7
28,494
11
13,180
11
12,351
10
65.4
7
67.2
11
56
7
58
11
Georgia
825
4
716
6
24,291
4
19,529
6
11,437
2
11,256
2
70.1
4
72.6
6
60.8
3
63
6
Syria
797
2
513
2
21,457
2
12,094
2
13,133
9
12,031
9
71.4
2
77.6
2
60.3
5
66
3
http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org
Jordan | GBD | page 3
COUNTRY BENCHMARKING OF BURDEN OF DISEASE, CONTINUED
This figure shows the rank of Jordan relative to the same comparator countries for the leading causes of DALYs in 1990 (top) and 2010
(bottom).
● The columns are ordered by the absolute number of DALYs in Jordan for that particular year, with greatest burden on the left.
● The numbers indicate the rank across countries for each cause in terms of age-standardized DALY rates, with 1 as the best
performance and 15 as the worst.
Asthma
Neonatal encephalopathy
Diarrheal diseases
Falls
Neonatal sepsis
Other cardio & circulatory
Chronic kidney disease
Mechanical forces
Fire
Maternal disorders
Other musculoskeletal
14
5
11
7
8
5
5
14
10
8
3
4
10
9
10
4
9
9
4
8
10
6
1
4
1
15
1
1
11
3
10
1
2
6
1
8
3
3
1
3
3
Namibia
Samoa
7
1
11
1
5
6
9
4
9
11
3
8
11
2
3
10
12
2
13
9
11
15
10
14
10
3
13
6
2
14
12
11
13
7
15
1
12
5
14
7
6
13
14
1
10
12
14
7
7
15
Egypt
11
14
9
12
8
9
9
15
11
10
8
6
1
12
6
7
14
13
8
2
15
5
4
9
1
Guatemala
Armenia
4
15
3
13
1
2
12
12
14
2
4
4
4
14
4
14
5
3
13
9
10
10
2
10
9
10
6
11
5
3
12
6
8
4
5
9
3
12
8
9
2
3
5
10
11
2
12
5
2
10
Jordan
13
9
10
1
4
11
13
14
5
6
10
8
2
1
5
9
9
12
7
1
12
6
7
8
4
Vanuatu
2
5
8
10
14
10
3
9
8
12
13
15
5
9
15
13
10
4
4
6
9
7
14
11
13
Maldives
Angola
15
12
7
12
2
7
8
14
2
7
7
15
14
10
5
6
13
15
7
14
6
7
9
11
13
8
7
15
3
12
5
15
15
8
8
11
6
15
4
13
11
5
4
15
8
15
13
15
14
6
Swaziland
6
8
4
11
6
1
8
2
10
11
12
13
9
11
1
10
12
14
2
15
7
13
11
12
11
Fiji
Georgia
3
10
12
6
15
5
4
7
3
4
14
12
7
5
13
8
6
2
3
5
14
11
13
5
12
5
4
13
7
12
13
7
1
6
1
2
2
15
4
11
6
1
7
11
12
1
8
6
1
5
14
3
14
2
5
4
15
13
9
3
3
7
6
2
7
4
11
9
14
3
Syria
Ranking of leading age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) relative to comparator countries in 2010
8
2
3
6
2
Breast cancer
Diarrheal diseases
Other cardio & circulatory
Asthma
Interpersonal violence
Falls
Other musculoskeletal
Drug use disorders
Hypertensive heart disease
Neonatal encephalopathy
Migraine
10
8
13
7
10
14
5
9
10
3
10
7
7
9
9
14
14
8
10
3
5
3
13
6
1
13
9
10
1
15
3
11
1
8
1
11
2
13
12
14
2
8
8
15
13
2
2
8
1
3
4
14
5
13
1
7
5
7
1
13
2
12
Namibia
Neck pain
Anxiety disorders
7
2
10
Chronic kidney disease
Lower respiratory infections
6
5
8
COPD
Low back pain
2
3
4
Iron-deficiency anemia
Diabetes
15
1
6
Stroke
Congenital anomalies
13
China
Preterm birth complications
Ischemic heart disease
Turkmenistan
Country
Road injury
Major depressive disorder
Neck pain
Diabetes
13
3
Anxiety disorders
COPD
15
1
Hypertensive heart disease
Road injury
15
2
Iron-deficiency anemia
Stroke
13
9
Low back pain
Lower respiratory infections
8
China
Major depressive disorder
Ischemic heart disease
Turkmenistan
Country
Congenital anomalies
Preterm birth complications
Ranking of leading age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) relative to comparator countries in 1990
Samoa
3
2
1
13
9
5
2
3
2
8
5
12
12
8
13
7
12
15
15
2
3
9
3
7
5
Egypt
10
11
14
3
13
11
9
11
11
7
7
6
3
9
15
2
10
1
11
13
1
3
9
9
15
Guatemala
Armenia
11
5
3
9
12
1
11
1
14
14
12
4
15
1
9
9
1
11
8
3
4
11
4
12
4
8
10
11
8
6
9
3
5
4
5
11
2
4
6
4
12
6
10
10
8
10
15
14
6
1
Jordan
15
8
15
11
15
8
7
4
6
4
13
9
10
3
12
1
11
4
6
12
2
2
13
5
6
Vanuatu
4
9
9
1
7
4
14
1
11
4
12
2
10
5
15
2
5
12
12
2
4
2
15
8
11
7
11
4
11
5
5
4
14
4
14
5
14
4
7
1
8
11
10
12
12
1
11
3
10
9
Maldives
Angola
7
7
13
7
8
15
14
7
13
13
15
10
8
13
6
14
15
9
2
10
9
5
6
14
8
Swaziland
12
6
12
12
2
14
12
14
9
15
3
14
14
15
14
13
3
12
12
15
12
6
10
15
14
Fiji
Georgia
2
14
9
15
10
4
15
8
3
9
6
13
6
5
10
6
8
13
13
5
7
8
15
8
7
5
13
6
4
1
7
6
12
10
6
10
3
5
7
1
11
9
6
7
11
15
13
11
2
13
Syria
14
12
10
5
14
3
4
6
8
1
9
7
1
2
7
3
5
3
5
6
6
4
2
4
11
Ranking Legend
1-3
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600
Seattle, WA 98121 USA
4-7
8 - 11
12 - 15
Telephone: +1-206-897-2800
E-mail: [email protected]
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Jordan | GBD | page 4