Anatomy & Physiology 120
Lab 13: Respiratory System
Chapter 16 in your book
What you need to know
• How to Id. all the structures
– On models & manikins
• Label diagrams in the lab manual
• Know what each volume represents (lab 45)
• Lab report for lab 44)
• Lab report for lab 45
Gas Exchange or Respiration
Obtain gasses from the external environment & deliver
them to they system while simultaneously removing
waist gasses from the system
Components of the human respiratory system
Nasal conchae – Located on either side of the septum.
(pair of superior, middle, and inferior openings)
Paranasal sinuses – Frontal & Sphenoidal
Hollow cavities that lighten the weight of the skull
Nasopharynx – the throat lies posterior to the nasal and
oral cavities
Divisions of the Pharynx
Between the nasal cavity and the pharynx
1) Nasopharynx – Posterior to the nasal cavity
– Opening of auditory tube - leads up to the inner ear
– Pharyngeal tonsils
2) Oropharynx – Posterior to the oral cavity
– Palatine tonsils
3) Laryngopharynx – Posterior to the larynx
Nose
1
2
Mouth
3
Larynx
Esophagus
- Air passageway
Food
passageway
Larynx
An enlargement in the airway between the pharynx & trachea
(contains vocal cords)
1. Hyoid bone - a floating bone
2. Thyroid cartilage – Largest of the cartilage (Adam’s apple)
x
3. Cricoid cartilage - 2nd largest (ring just under Thyroid)
4. Epiglottis - helps to prevent food and liquids from entering
the air passageway
From the backside
1. Epiglottis
2. Hyoid bone
3. Thyroid cartilage
• Epiglottis – just under the tongue
• Glottis – space between the true vocal cords
During normal
breathing – Vocal
cords are relaxed
(open)
– Triangular split
• False vocal cords – create no sound
– (Closes airway during swallowing)
When food or liquid is
swallowed muscles of
the false vocal cords
close the glolttis
• True vocal cords – Make the sound
• Trachea – air passageway
– Cartilaginous rings
True vocal cords
False vocal
cords
The Lungs
trachea
Pleura – double membrane sac
that covers the lungs
1o bronchi
Parietal – outer portion
2o bronchi
Visceral – inner portion
Right lung – 3 Lobes
Diaphragm – below the lungs
superior, middle, & inferior
Air travels down
Left lung – 2 Lobes
superior & inferior
Pulmonary
arteries
1 – Trachea
2 – Primary bronchi
3 – Secondary bronchi
4 – Alveoli sacs
Pulmonary
veins
 Back to the heart
Lab 45 – Respiratory Volumes
(Instructions pg 334 -336)
Before using the spirometer Clean the end with 70% alcohol
New disposable mouth
• Using a spirometer – Measure the following lung volumes
– Tidal Volume –Volume of air that enters (or leaves your lungs)
(Steps 4a-4d) “resting volume”
500mL
– Expiratory reserve volume –Volume of air in addition to resting
tidal volume (Steps 5a-5c)
1,100mL
– Vital capacity – Max volume of air that can be exhaled after
taking the deepest breath possible (Steps 6a-6d)
• (you will be using the tables (female and male)
Use the
table…
• Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)–
– amount of air that can be forcibly inspired at the end
of normal inspiration; it is the amount of air which
can be inspired on top of the tidal volume. (#7)
• IRV = VC – (TV + ERV)
• Residual volume –
– amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after
fully exhaling (assume 1,200 mL)
KEY
IRV – Inspiratory reserve volume
ERV – Expiratory reserve volume
VC – Vital Capacity
TV – Tidal Volume
Lab 43 – Organs of the Respiratory System
****Label diagrams pg 328 & 329*****
Look at slides
Trachea – PCCE & Hyaline cartilage (rings)
Lung tissue (Alveoli) – Simple squamous
Lab report A and C (#2 – Only)
Respiratory System
Lab 45 – Complete part B & C
Know what each volume represents
http://www.yoursurgery.com/procedures/laryngectomy/images/VocalCordAnat.jpg
pharyngula.org/.../Bi104/l07/alveoli.html
http://www.doereport.com/imagescooked/7257W.jpg
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/bio105/respiratory.jpg