㻷㼒㼇 㼄㼜



㻩㼌㼑㼌㼖㼋㻃㼗㼜㼓 㼈㼖㻃㼒㼉
㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖
㻫㼒㼚 㻃㼗㼒㻃㼇 㼒
㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼒㼏㼒㼊 㼌㼆㼄㼏
㼄㼑㼄㼏㼜㼖㼌㼖
㻤㼏㼏㼒㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼖
㻵㼈㼄㼇 㼌㼑㼊 㼖㻝㻃㻘 㻑㻘
㻶㼌㼐 㼓 㼏㼌㼉㼜㻑 㻃㻃㻷㼒㻃㼐 㼄㼎㼈㻃㼖㼌㼐 㼓 㼏㼈㻃㼒㼕㻃㼖㼌㼐 㼓 㼏㼈㼕㻞㻃㼕㼈㼑㼇 㼈㼕㻃㼏㼈㼖㼖
㼆㼒㼐 㼓 㼏㼈㼛㻃㼒㼕㻃㼌㼑㼗㼕㼌㼆㼄㼗㼈㻑㻃㻃㻾 㻩㼕㻑㻃㻶㼌㼐 㼓 㼏㼌㼉 㼌㼈 㼕 㻃㻟 㻃㻰㼈㼇 㻑㻃㻯㼄㼗 㻑
㻶㼌㼐 㼓 㼏㼌㼉 㼌㼆 㼄㼕㼈 㻝 㻃㻯㼄㼗㻑㻃㻶㼌㼐 㼓 㼏㼘㼖㻏 㻃㼖㼌㼐 㼓 㼏㼈㻃㻎 㻃㼉㼄㼆㼈㼕㼈㻏㻃 㻃㼗㼒
㼐 㼄㼎㼈㻑 㼀
Amplify. To make larger or more powerful; increase.
[ME amplifien < OFr. Amplifier < Latin amplificare:
amplus, large + facere, to make.]
㻦㼒㼑㼗㼈㼑㼗㻃㼙㼖㻑㻃㻩㼘㼑㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑
㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖

㻦㼒㼑㼗㼈㼑㼗㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖㻝

㻰㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖㻃㼗㼋㼄㼗㻃㼋㼄㼙㼈㻃㼖㼒㼐 㼈㻃㼎㼌㼑㼇 㻃㼒㼉
㼌㼇 㼈㼑㼗㼌㼉 㼌㼄 㼅 㼏㼈㻃㼐 㼈㼄㼑㼌㼑㼊 䇿


㼋㼒㼘㼖㼈㻏㻃㼆㼕㼒㼆㼒㼇 㼌㼏㼈㻏㻃㼚 㼄㼗㼈㼕㻏㻃㻯㼄㼘㼕㼄㻏㻃㼖㼐 㼘㼕㼉
䇿㼒㼕㻃㼇 㼈㼕㼌㼙㼄㼗㼌㼒㼑㼄㼏㻃㼄㼉㼉 㼌㼛 㼈㼖㻃㼗㼋㼄㼗㻏㻃㼚 㼋㼈㼑㻃㼄㼇 㼇 㼈㼇
㼗㼒㻃㼄㻃㼚 㼒㼕㼇 㻏㻃㼆㼋㼄㼑㼊 㼈㻃㼌㼗㼖㻃㼐 㼈㼄㼑㼌㼑㼊 㻃㼒㼕㻃䇱㼓 㼄㼕㼗㻃㼒㼉
㼖㼓 㼈㼈㼆㼋䇲



㼕㼈㻐㻝 㻃㼓 㼏㼄㼜㻃㻃㼕㼈㼓 㼏㼄㼜㻃㻋 䇱㼓 㼏㼄㼜㻃㼄㼊 㼄㼌㼑䇲㻌
㻐㼏㼜 㻝 㻃㼋㼄㼓 㼓 㼜㻃㻋 㼄㼇 㼍㻑 㻌 㻃㻃㼋㼄㼓 㼓 㼌㼏㼜㻃㻋 㼄㼇 㼙㻑 㻌
㻐㼈㼕 㻝 㻃㼇 㼕㼌㼙㼈㻃㻋 㼙㻑 㻌 㻃㻃㼇 㼕㼌㼙㼈㼕㻃㻋 㼑㻑 㻌
㻦㼒㼑㼗㼈㼑㼗㻃㼙㼖㻑㻃㻩㼘㼑㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑
㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖

㻩㼘㼑㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖㻝

㻳㼕㼒㼙㼌㼇 㼈㻃㼌㼑㼉㼒㼕㼐 㼄㼗㼌㼒㼑㻃㼄㼅 㼒㼘㼗㻃㼊 㼕㼄㼐 㼐 㼄㼗㼌㼆㼄㼏
㼉㼘㼑㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑㻃㼅 㼜㻃㼕㼈㼏㼄㼗㼌㼑㼊 㻃㼚 㼒㼕㼇 㼖㻃㼒㼉㻃㼄㻃㼖㼈㼑㼗㼈㼑㼆㼈㻏
㼈㻑㼊 㻑㻏





㼓 㼕㼈㼓 㼒㼖㼌㼗㼌㼒㼑㼖㻝 㻃
㼄㼕㼗㼌㼆㼏㼈㼖㻝 㻃
㼓 㼕㼒㼑㼒㼘㼑㼖㻝 㻃
㼄㼘㼛㼌㼏㼌㼄㼕㼌㼈㼖㻝 㻃
㼌㼑㼉 㼏㼈 㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑㼄㼏㻃㼄㼉㼉 㼌㼛 㼈㼖 㻝
㼌㼑㻏㻃㼒㼉㻏㻃㼒㼑
㼄㻏㻃㼄㼑㻏㻃㼗㼋㼈
㻬㻏㻃㼜㼒㼘㻏㻃㼋㼈
㼄㼐 㻏㻃㼌㼖㻏㻃㼄㼕㼈
㻐㼖㻏㻃㻐㼌㼑㼊 㻏 㻃㻐㼈㼇
䇱㼖㼄㼇 㼑㼈㼖㼖䇲
㻫㼒㼚 㻃㼐 㼄㼑㼜㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖㻢
㻕 㻃㻋 㼖㼄㼇 㻃㻎 㻃㼑㼈㼖㼖㻌
㻩㼕㼈㼈㻃㼒㼕㻃㼅 㼒㼘㼑㼇 㻢
䇱㼖㼄㼇 䇲㻃㼌㼖㻃㼉㼕㼈㼈 㻏 㻃䇱㻐㼑㼈㼖㼖䇲㻃㼌㼖㻃㼅 㼒㼘㼑㼇
㻧㼈㼕㼌㼙㼄㼗㼌㼒㼑㼄㼏㻃㼒㼕㻃㼌㼑㼉 㼏㼈 㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑㼄㼏㻃㼄㼉㼉 㼌㼛 㻢
䇱㻐㼑㼈㼖㼖䇲㻃㼌㼖㻃㼄㻃㼇 㼈㼕㼌㼙㼄㼗㼌㼒㼑㼄㼏㻃㼖㼘㼉㼉 㼌㼛
㻦㼒㼑㼗㼈㼑㼗㻃㼒㼕㻃㼉㼘㼑㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖㻢
㼅 㼒㼗㼋㻃㼄㼕㼈㻃㼆㼒㼑㼗㼈㼑㼗 㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖
㻰㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼒㼏㼒㼊 㼌㼆㼄㼏㻃㼄㼑㼄㼏㼜㼖㼌㼖


㻷㼋㼈㻃㼎㼈㼜㻃㼗㼒㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼒㼏㼒㼊 㼌㼆㼄㼏㻃㼄㼑㼄㼏㼜㼖㼌㼖㻃㼌㼖
㼆㼒㼐 㼓 㼄㼕㼌㼖㼒㼑 㻑
㻦㼒㼐 㼓 㼄㼕㼈㻃㼖㼌㼐 㼌㼏㼄㼕㻃㼉㼒㼕㼐 㼖㻃㼚 㼌㼗㼋㻃㼕㼈㼆㼘㼕㼕㼌㼑㼊
㼘㼑㼌㼗㼖



[grapHoù] 䇱㻬㻃㼚 㼕㼌㼗㼈䇲
[grapHEù] 䇱㼋㼈㻃㼚 㼕㼌㼗㼈㼖䇲
[pHEùmi] 䇱㼗㼒㻃㼖㼓 㼈㼄㼎䇲
㻰㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼒㼏㼒㼊 㼌㼆㼄㼏㻃㼄㼑㼄㼏㼜㼖㼌㼖
㻔㻑
㻕㻑
㻖㻑
㻥㼜㻃㼉 㼌㼑 㼇 㼌㼑㼊 㻃㼖㼌㼐 㼌㼏㼄㼕㻃㼉㼒㼕㼐 㼖㻃㼚 㼌㼗㼋㻃㼕㼈㼆㼘㼕㼕㼌㼑㼊
㼘㼑㼌㼗㼖㻏 㻃㻃㼘㼖㼈㻃㼓 㼕㼒㼆㼈㼖㼖㻃㼒㼉㻃㼈㼏㼌㼐 㼌㼑㼄㼗㼌㼒㼑㻃㼗㼒
㼌㼇 㼈㼑㼗㼌㼉㼜㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖
㻧㼈㼗㼈㼕㼐 㼌㼑㼈㻃㼗㼋㼈㻃㼐 㼈㼄㼑㼌㼑㼊 㻃㼒㼉㻃㼗㼋㼈
㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖
㻧㼈㼗㼈㼕㼐 㼌㼑㼈㻃㼗㼋㼈㻃㼒㼕㼇 㼈㼕㻃㼒㼉㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖㻃㼌㼑
㼚 㼒㼕㼇 㻃㼉㼒㼕㼐 㼄㼗㼌㼒㼑
㻫㼘㼑㼊 㼄㼕㼌㼄㼑
㻾 EÔhçz㼀
㻾 hçzç㼀
䇱㼄㻃㼋㼒㼘㼖㼈䇲
䇱㼋㼌㼖㻒㼋㼈㼕㻃㼋㼒㼘㼖㼈䇲
㻾 EÔboR㼀
㻾 boRç㼀
䇱㼄㻃㼚 㼌㼑㼈䇲
䇱㼋㼌㼖㻒㼋㼈㼕㻃㼚 㼌㼑㼈䇲
㻶㼗㼈㼓 㼖㻃㻔 㻏 㻃㻕 㻝 㻃㻬㼇 㼈㼑㼗㼌㼉㼜㻃㼄㼑㼇 㻃㼇 㼈㼉 㼌㼑 㼈㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖
䇱㼋㼒㼘㼖㼈䇲
[hçz]
䇱㼚 㼌㼑㼈䇲
[boR]
䇱㼄䇲
[EÔ]
䇱㼋㼌㼖㻒㼋㼈㼕䇲 [ç]
㻫㼘㼑㼊 㼄㼕㼌㼄㼑
㻾 EÔhçz㼀
㻾 hçzç㼀
䇱㼄㻃㼋㼒㼘㼖㼈䇲
䇱㼋㼌㼖㻒㼋㼈㼕㻃㼋㼒㼘㼖㼈䇲
㻾 EÔboR㼀
㻾 boRç㼀
䇱㼄㻃㼚 㼌㼑㼈䇲
䇱㼋㼌㼖㻒㼋㼈㼕㻃㼚 㼌㼑㼈䇲
㻶㼗㼈㼓 㻃㻖 㻝 㻃㻃㻃㻃㻧㼈㼗㼈㼕㼐 㼌㼑㼈㻃㼗㼋㼈㻃㼒㼕㼇 㼈㼕㻃㼒㼉㻃㼐 㼒㼕㼓 㼋㼈㼐 㼈㼖
㼉㼒㼕㻃㻫㼘㼑㼊 㼄㼕㼌㼄㼑㻃㼚 㼒㼕㼇 㼖㻝
㻾 EÔboR㼀
㻤㼕㼗㻑㻃㻎 㻃㼕㼒㼒㼗
㼄㼕㼗㼌㼆㼏㼈㻃㻎 㻃㼕㼒㼒㼗㻃㻎 㻃㼓 㼒㼖㼖㼈㼖㼖㼌㼙㼈
㻾 boRç㼀
㻵㼒㼒㼗㻃㻎 㻃㼓 㼒㼖㼖㻑
1.1 Turkish (p.172)
[denize]
‘to an ocean’
[elde]
[denizin]
‘of an ocean’
[elim]
[denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [eller]
[denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eldZike]
[diSler]
[eve]
‘to a house’
[diSimizin]
[evden]
‘from a house’
[evdZikden] ‘from a little house’ [diSlerimizin]
[evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’
‘in a hand’
‘my hand’
‘hands’
‘to a little hand’
‘teeth’
‘of our tooth’
‘of our teeth’
Turkish
[denize]
‘to an ocean’
[elde]
[denizin]
‘of an ocean’
[elim]
[denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [eller]
[denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eldZike]
[diSler]
[eve]
‘to a house’
[diSimizin]
[evden]
‘from a house’
[evdZikden] ‘from a little house’ [diSlerimizin]
[evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’
‘ocean’ =
‘house’ =
‘hand’ =
‘tooth’ =
[deniz]
[ev]
[el]
[diS]
‘in’ =
‘to’ =
‘from’ =
‘little’ =
[de]
[e]
[den]
[dZik]
‘in a hand’
‘my hand’
‘hands’
‘to a little hand’
‘teeth’
‘of our tooth’
‘of our teeth’
plural =
‘of’ =
‘our’ =
‘my’ =
[ler]
[in]
[imiz]
[im]
Turkish
[denize]
‘to an ocean’
[denizin]
‘of an ocean’
[denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’
[denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’
[eve]
‘to a house’
[evden]
‘from a house’
[evdZikden] ‘from a little house’
[evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’
[elde]
[elim]
[eller]
[eldZike]
[diSler]
[diSimizin]
[diSlerimizin]
‘in a hand’
‘my hand’
‘hands’
‘to a little hand’
‘teeth’
‘of our tooth’
‘of our teeth’
What is the order of morphemes in a Turkish word?
root + ‘little’ (adj.) + plural + poss. + preposition
Turkish
[denize]
‘to an ocean’
[denizin]
‘of an ocean’
[denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’
[denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’
[eve]
‘to a house’
[evden]
‘from a house’
[evdZikden] ‘from a little house’
[evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’
[elde]
[elim]
[eller]
[eldZike]
[diSler]
[diSimizin]
[diSlerimizin]
‘in a hand’
‘my hand’
‘hands’
‘to a little hand’
‘teeth’
‘of our tooth’
‘of our teeth’
How would you say ‘of my little teeth’ ?
㼕㼒㼒㼗㻃㻎 㻃䇱㼏㼌㼗㼗㼏㼈䇲㻃㻋 㼄㼇 㼍㻑 㻌 㻃㻎 㻃㼓 㼏㼘㼕㼄㼏㻃㻎 㻃㼓 㼒㼖㼖㻑 㻃㻎 㻃㼓 㼕㼈㼓 㼒㼖㼌㼗㼌㼒㼑
[diSdZiklerimin]
Turkish
[elde]
[denize]
‘to an ocean’
[elim]
[denizin]
‘of an ocean’
[denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [eller]
[eldZike]
[denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [diSler]
[diSimizin]
[eve]
‘to a house’
[diSlerimizin]
[evden]
‘from a house’
[evdZikden] ‘from a little house’
[evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’
‘in a hand’
‘my hand’
‘hands’
‘to a little hand’
‘teeth’
‘of our tooth’
‘of our teeth’
What kind of language is Turkish?
㼄㼊 㼊 㼏㼘㼗㼌㼑㼄㼗㼌㼑㼊 㻝 㻃㻋 㼄㻃㼗㼜㼓 㼈㻃㼒㼉㻃 㼖㼜㼑㼗㼋㼈㼗㼌㼆 㻃㼏㼄㼑㼊 㼘㼄㼊 㼈㻌 㻃㼄㼉㼉 㼌㼛 㼈㼖㻃㼐 㼄㼜㻃㼅 㼈㻃㼈㼄㼖㼌㼏㼜㻃㼖㼈㼓 㼄㼕㼄㼗㼈㼇
㼉㼕㼒㼐 㻃㼖㼗㼈㼐 㼖㻞 㻃㼈㼄㼆㼋㻃㼆㼒㼑㼙㼈㼜㼖㻃㼒㼑㼈㻃㼐 㼈㼄㼑㼌㼑㼊 㻑