Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
BIOLOGY
1.
If Ψw = water potential; Ψs = solute potential; Ψp = pressure potential, then select the
correct equation showing their inter-relation.
(a) Ψ𝑤 = Ψ𝑠 − Ψp
(b) Ψ𝑤 = Ψ𝑠 + Ψ𝑝
(c) Ψ𝑠 = Ψ𝑤 + Ψ𝑝
(d) Ψ𝑤 = Ψ𝑠 = Ψp
Water potential is a measure of the potential energy in water, or the difference in potential energy between
a given water sample and pure water (at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature). Water potential
is denoted by the Greek letter ψ (psi) and is expressed in units of pressure (pressure is a form of energy)
called megapascals (MPa). The potential of pure water (Ψ wpure H2O) is designated a value of zero (even though
pure water contains plenty of potential energy, that energy is ignored). Water potential values for the water
in a plant root, stem, or leaf are, therefore, expressed in relation to Ψwpure H2O
The water potential in plant solutions is influenced by solute concentration, pressure, gravity, and factors
called matrix effects. Water potential can be broken down into its individual components using the following
equation:
Ψsystem = Ψtotal = Ψs + Ψp + Ψg + Ψm
where




Ψs = solute potential
Ψp, = pressure potential
Ψg, = gravity potential
Ψm = matric potential
2.
If DPD represents diffusion pressure deficit, OP is the osmotic pressure and TP is the
turgor pressure , then which of the following equations is correct?
(a) DPD = OP = TP
(c) DPD = OP − TP
(b) DPD = OP + TP
(d) DPD = OP
When a plant cell is placed in hypotonic solution, water enters into a cell by osmosis and as a result
turgor pressure develops. The cell membrane get stretched and osmotic pressure of cell decreases.
As cell absorbs more and more water its Total Pressure increases and Osmotic Pressure decreases.
When a cell is fully turgid, its OP is equal to TP and DPD is zero. Turgid cells cannot absorb any more
water. Thus, with reference to plant cell, the DPD can be described as actual thirst of cell for water and
can be expressed as DPD=OP-TP.
When DPD is zero, entry of water will stop. Thus it is DPD that tends to equate and represents water
absorbing ability of a cell, it is also called suction force (SF) or suction pressure (SP).
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
3.
Which of the following occupies the space between the cell wall and the shrunken
protoplast in a plasmolysed cell?
(a) Isotonic solution
(c) Hypertonic solution
(b) Hypotonic solution
(d) Water
The cell wall is permeable to most solutions, while the membrane is selectively
permeable.
The hypertonic solution freely enters the cell wall, but is actively transported out of the
cell membrane or is not allowed to enter the membrane at all. However, at the same
time, osmosis occurs, drawing water out of the cell membrane into the interstitial space
between the membrane and wall.
So, the space is filled with hypertonic solution (mostly water, but also containing a large
amount of ions which are not allowed through the cell membrane), which will draw water
out of the cell membrane until isotonicity is achieved, or, more likely, the cell membrane
has all or almost all water drawn out of it and the cell effectively dies.
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
4.
Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given
below.
Column-I
A.
B.
C.
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
(a) A-(ii), B-(iii),C-(i)
(c) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii)
Column-II
(i) No net flow of water
(ii) Water moves into the cell
(iii) Water moves out of the cell
(b) A-(iii), B-(ii),C-(i)
(d) A-(ii), B-(i),C-(iii)
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
5.
The hydrostatic pressure developed inside the cell on the cell wall due to endosmosis
is called
(a) osmotic potential
(c) wall pressure
(b) diffusion pressure
(d) turgor pressure
A physical phenomenon known as osmosis causes water to flow from an area of low solute, high water
concentration to an area of high solute, low water concentration, until the two areas have an equal
ratio of solute to water. Normally, the solute diffuses toward equilibrium as well; however, all cells are
surrounded by a lipid bilayer cell membrane which permits the flow of water in and out of the cell but
restricts the flow of solute under many circumstances. As a result, when a cell is placed in
a hypotonic solution, water rushes into the membrane, increasing the cell's volume.
Eventually, the cell's membrane is enlarged such that it pushes against the cell's rigid wall. At this
point the cell is said to be turgid. In an isotonic solution, water flows into the cell at the same rate at
which it flows out. The pressure pushing the cell's membrane against its wall is reduced and the cell is
said to be 'flaccid'. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution water actually flows out of the cell into
the surrounding solution. This, plasmolysis, causes the membrane to recede from the wall and is
responsible for wilting in plant cells.
Changes in turgor pressure strongly depends on cell volume: with an increase in cell volume, there is
an increase in cell wall rigidity which leads in lower cell wall plasticity, and experiments show that small
cells have resulted in a stronger elastic change compared to larger cell volumes.
Turgor pressure also plays a key role in plant cell growth where the cell wall undergoes irreversible
expansion due to the force of turgor pressure as well as structural changes in the cell wall that alter its
extensibility.
Turgor pressure keeps plants upright and stiff. Any loss of turgor pressure makes plants wilt.
6.
Water moves from a cell with __________ DPD to a cell with _________ DPD.
(a) higher, lower
7.
(b) lower, higher
(c) lower, lower
(d) higher, higher
Two adjacent cells A and B are being studied. Cell A has OP of 10 atm and TP of 6 atm.
Cell B has OP of 10 atm and TP of 4 atm.
Movement of water will occur from
(a) cell A to cell B
(c) no movement of water
As discussed in Q6.
(b) cell B to cell A
(d) cannot be determined.
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
8.
If a cell A with DPD = 5 bars is connected to cells B, C and D, whose OP and TP are
respectively 5 and 5, 10 and 4, and 8 and 3, the flow of water will be
(a) C to A, B and D
(b) A and D to B and C
(c) A to B, C and D
(d) B to A, C and D
As discussed in Q-6
9.
What would be Ψp (pressure potential) of a fully flaccid cell?
(a) +3
(b) 1
(c) −3
(d) 0
Pressure potential of a flaccid cell is zero......because it's water potential is equal to it's solute
potential.
Formula expressed in Q-1
10.
Salt is added to preserve meat, pickles, etc. because salting kills bacteria by the
process of
(a) dissolution
(b) distillation
(c) plasmolysis
(d) imbibition
There are several ways in which salt and sugar inhibit microbial growth. The
most notable is simple osmosis, or dehydration. Salt or sugar, whether in solid
or aqueous form, attempts to reach equilibrium with the salt or sugar content of
the food product with which it is in contact. This has the effect of drawing
available water from within the food to the outside and inserting salt or sugar
molecules into the food interior. The result is a reduction of the so-called
product water activity (aw), a measure of unbound, free water molecules in the
food that is necessary for microbial survival and growth. The aw of most fresh
foods is 0.99 whereas the aw necessary to inhibit growth of most bacteria is
roughly 0.91. Yeasts and moulds, on the other hand, usually require even lower
aw to prevent growth.
Salt and sugar's other antimicrobial mechanisms include interference with a
microbe's enzyme activity and weakening the molecular structure of its DNA.
Sugar may also provide an indirect form of preservation by serving to accelerate
accumulation of antimicrobial compounds from the growth of certain other
organisms. Examples include the conversion of sugar to ethanol in wine by
fermentative yeasts or the conversion of sugar to organic acids in sauerkraut by
lactic acid bacteria.
11.
Select the incorrect statement regarding imbibition.
(a) Imbibition is the phenomenon of adsorption of water or any other liquid without
forming solution.
(b) The liquid which is imbibed is called as imbibate.
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
(c) There occurs a decrease in volume of imbibant during imbibition.
(d) Water is absorbed by germinating seeds through imbibition.
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids-colloids causing an
enormous increase in volume. Examples include the absorption of water by seeds] and dry wood. If it
were not for the pressure due to imbibition, seedlings would not have been able to emerge out of soil
into the open; they probably would not have been able to establish.
Imbibition is also diffusion since water movement is along a concentration gradient; the seeds and
other such materials have almost no water hence they absorb water easily. Water potential gradient
between the absorbent and the liquid imbibed is essential for imbibition. In addition, for any substance
to imbibe any liquid, affinity between the adsorbant and the liquid is also a pre-requesite.
12.
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : Plant cells do not rupture when placed in distilled water.
Statement 2 : Animal cells rupture when placed in distilled water.
(a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of
statement 1.
(b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation
of statement 1.
(c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
13.
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
Statement 1 : Plasmolysis is bursting of cell membrane when a cell is kept in a
hypertonic solution.
Statement 2 : Hypertonic solution causes endosmosis.
(a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of
statement 1.
(b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation
of statement 1.
(c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
As discussed in previous questions.
14.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) Bacteria do not survive in salted pickles because they get plasmolysed in
hypertonic medium.
(b) Osmotic potential is numerically equal to the osmotic pressure but is negative in
sign.
(c) Kneading of wheat flour is accompanied by release of heat which is due to
imbibition.
(d) All of these.
A -explanation as done in previous question.
B
C As the water molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the imbibant, their kinetic energy is
released in the form of heat which increase the temperature of the medium. It is called heat of wetting
(or heat of hydration). e. g., during kneading, the flour of wheat gives a warm feeling due to imbibition
of water and consequent release of heat.
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
15.
Given is the figure of alimentary canal of earthworm. Select the option that
correctly identifies the parts labeled as A to E.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A
Pharynx
Gizzard
Pharynx
Gizzard
B
Stomach
Pharynx
Gizzard
Pharynx
C
Caecum
Stomach
Stomach
Liver
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D
Gizzard
Caecum
Caecum
Stomach
E
Lymph gland
Lymph gland
Lymph gland
Villi
Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
16.
Which of the following statements is correct about excretion in earthworm?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Earthworm is mainly ureotelic.
Septal nephridia, present on both sides of intersegmental septa of segment 15
to the last, open into intestine.
Integumentary nephridia, attached to lining of body wall of segment 3 to the
last, open on the body surface.
Different types of nephridia are basically similar in structure
Nephridia regulate the volume and composition of body fluids.
(a) (i) and (iv)
17.
(c) (i), (ii), (iii)
(d) All of these
Which part of the alimentary canal of earthworm (in the given figure) helps in
grinding the soil particles?
(a) A
18.
(b) (iv) and (v)
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Areolar connective tissue joins
(a) bones with bones
(c) integument with muscles
(b) fat body with muscles
(d) bones with muscles
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
19.
The cell junctions called tight, adhering and gap junctions are found in
(a) connective tissue
(c) neutral tissue
(b) epithelial tissue
(d) muscular tissue
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
20.
Given is the diagrammatic sketch of a certain type of connective tissue.
Identify the parts labelled A, B, C and D and select the correct option.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
21.
A
Macrophage
Mast cell
Macrophage
Mast cell
D
Mast cell
Collagen fibres
Mast cell
Macrophage
Lining of intestine of man is
(a) brush bordered
22.
B
C
Fibroblast
collagen fibres
Macrophage
Fibroblast
Collagen fibres Fibroblast
Collagen fibres Fibroblast
(b) ciliated
(c) non-keratinized
(d) keratinized
Read the following four statements (i) – (iv) with certain mistakes in two of them.
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
(i)
(ii)
Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue located beneath the skin
In each body segment of earthworm except the first, fifth and clitellum, there
are rows of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pits in the middle of
each segment.
(iii) Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embroys are replaced by bones in adults.
(iv) Smooth muscles are ‘involuntary’ as their functioning cannot be directly
controlled.
Which of the above statements have mistakes?
(a) (ii) and (iii)
23.
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Mammalian bone differs from cartilage in the presence of
(a) lymph vessels
24.
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(b) collagen
(c) blood vessels
(d) Haversian canals
Nerve cells do not divide because they do not have
(a) nucleus
(b) centrosome
(c) Golgi body
(d) mitochondria
Neural stem cells can divide just fine. And it's actually possible for
animal cells todivide without centrioles, though they normally don't. First, the
brain can rewire itself without making new neurons. Existing neurons can grow new
connections and lose old ones; neuroplasticity is a well-established phenomenon.
25.
Identify the figures A, B, C showing different types of muscle and select the correct
option.
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Test 3 Paper Class 11th Science
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
26.
A
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Striated muscle
Involuntary muscle
B
Striated muscle
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle
Voluntary muscle
Cardiac muscles are different from skeletal muscles as they are
(a) smooth
(c) non-striated
27.
(b) voluntary
(d) striated and involuntary
Pseudostratified epithelium is found in
(a) rectum
(c) wall of oesophagus
28.
(b) cartilage
(c) tendon
(d) none of these
𝑷𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂 and its close relatives derive nourishment from
(a) sugarcane roots
(c) soil insects
30.
(b) urinary bladder
(d) inner lining of bronchiole
Bone is connected to muscle with the help of
(a) ligament
29.
C
Cardiac muscle
Striated muscle
Cardiac muscle
Heart muscle
(b) decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter
(d) small pieces of fresh fallen leaves of maize, etc.
Which of the following is incorrect for 𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂 ?
(a) Genital papillae are present on 17th and 19th segment.
(b) Male gentile pores are present on 18th segment.
(c) Clitellum is present on segments 24, 25 and 26.
(d) Segments of earthworm are called somites.
As discussed in previous question with diagram
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