2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
2016 Quota Report
for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South
Australia
1
2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Published by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
Government of South Australia
November 2015
Head Office
Chesser House
91-97 Grenfell Street
ADELAIDE SA 5000
Telephone +61 (8) 8204 9000
Facsimile +61 (8) 8204 9334
Internet: www.environment.sa.gov.au
ABN 36702093234
Report prepared by:
Natural Resources South Australian Arid Lands
Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
Copies of the report can be obtained from:
T: +61 (8) 8204 1910
E: [email protected]
www.environment.sa.gov.au
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Contents
1
SCOPE AND CONTEXT
4
2
SUMMARY OF POPULATION ESTIMATES AND INFORMATION USED TO SET QUOTAS
5
2.1 Harvest Regions used for Quota Setting
5
2.2 2015 Red Kangaroo and Western Grey Kangaroo Monitoring
5
2.3 2015 Euro Monitoring
7
2.4 Proposed Monitoring Program for 2016
7
3
HUMANE HARVESTING PRACTICES
7
4
HARVEST STATISTICS SUMMARY 2014
8
5
HARVEST STATISTICS SUMMARY TO AUGUST 2015
9
6
QUOTA SETTING PROCEDURES 2016
12
6.1 Legislation
12
6.2 Criteria Used in Setting Commercial Harvest Quotas
12
6.3 Regional Harvest Quotas
12
6.4 Trigger Points
12
6.5 Special Land Management Quota
12
7
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT EXPERIMENTS
12
8
2016 QUOTAS
13
9
REGIONAL HARVEST QUOTAS FOR 2016
14
10 QUOTA ALLOCATION PROCEDURES
16
REFERENCES
17
SUB-REGIONAL KANGAROO DENSITY CHARTS
18
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
1
SCOPE AND CONTEXT
All kangaroo species in South Australia are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (NPW Act), have value in
ecosystem processes, and contribute to biodiversity. The NPW Act also authorises the sustainable harvest of three common
and secure species of kangaroo: Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus); Western Grey Kangaroo (M. fuliginosus); and Euro (M.
robustus). The wildlife trade provisions of the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act) regulate the export of kangaroo products from Australia. The harvest and export of these protected species
requires a wildlife trade management plan approved under both pieces of legislation. The South Australian Kangaroo
Management Plan 2013-2017 (the Management Plan) is an approved wildlife trade management plan and is valid from 1
January 2013 to 31 December 2017.
In accordance with the Management Plan, harvest quotas are set annually for each species of harvested kangaroo. Quotas are
detailed in annual reports endorsed by the South Australian Minister for Sustainability, Environment and Conservation, and
forwarded to the Commonwealth Department of Environment for information. Where quotas are set outside the standard
quota parameters detailed in the Management Plan, quotas must be endorsed in writing by the Commonwealth Department of
Environment prior to implementation.
This quota report has been developed in accordance with the quota report provisions of the Management Plan. It provides the
necessary detail on quota-setting procedures and the harvest quota for three kangaroo species for 2016, including population
estimates and other information used to set the quotas. The report lists Regional Harvest Quotas and Special Land
Management Quota for 2016. Also included is a summary of harvest statistics for the incomplete year of 2015 (JanuaryAugust).
In 2015, the South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) introduced a number of
changes to the way it administers the harvest of kangaroos in South Australia, particularly in regards to the sale and use of
kangaroo sealed tags. Sealed tags are now being sold directly to kangaroo field processors, who can use the tags anywhere
within a given harvest sub-region (providing they have permission from the landholder to be on the land for the purpose of
harvesting kangaroos). The changes implemented for the 2015 harvest period have been significant to industry players,
especially for kangaroo field processors. During 2016, DEWNR will commence a review of these changes to consider further
improvements where issues are identified.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
2 SUMMARY OF POPULATION ESTIMATES AND
INFORMATION USED TO SET QUOTAS
In accordance with the provisions of the Management Plan, annual harvest quotas are based on the results of direct
monitoring of kangaroo populations. Monitoring takes place in accordance with the standard survey techniques detailed in
the Management Plan.
2.1
Harvest Regions used for Quota Setting
Annual harvest quotas are set at a regional level. The following South Australian harvest regions have been defined in the
Management Plan: Western Pastoral, Eastern Pastoral, Western Agricultural, and Eastern Agricultural (Figure 1, page 6).
The harvest regions contain sub-regions (detailed in Table 1) based on the administrative boundaries of the former Soil
Conservation Board districts (or an amalgamation thereof). Population estimates and commercial quotas for 2016 are derived
and set at the level of each harvest sub-region. Sub-region quotas can be re-distributed within, but not between, each harvest
region in response to spatial and temporal changes in kangaroo distribution.
Table 1: Kangaroo Harvest Regions (and sub-regions) of South Australia.
2.2
Harvest Region
Harvest sub-regions
Eastern Pastoral
North East Pastoral, North Flinders, Eastern Districts, Murray Mallee
Western Pastoral
Marla-Oodnadatta, Marree, Kingoonya, Gawler Ranges
Eastern Agricultural
South Flinders, Mid North
Western Agricultural
Eyre East, Eyre West
2015 Red Kangaroo and Western Grey Kangaroo Monitoring
Population estimates used to set the 2016 quota for Red Kangaroos and Western Grey Kangaroos were derived from aerial
surveys undertaken from June to August 2015. Surveys were conducted using standard fixed-strip width transect methodology
with a fixed-wing aircraft (see Grigg et al. 1999 for further detail). Raw counts are converted to density estimates for each
harvest region by the application of correction factors specific to each species. Surveys have been conducted annually since
1978.
Regions flown during 2015 include:

Eastern Pastoral harvest region (North Flinders, Eastern Districts, North East Pastoral),

Western Pastoral harvest region (Kingoonya, Marree (inside and outside dog fence), and Gawler Ranges),

Eastern Agricultural harvest region (South Flinders and Mid North)
Note: Wind towers including turbines and monitoring equipment are present across some areas of Mid North harvest subregion. Flight survey lines are excluded in these areas for the safety of personnel involved in conducting the aerial surveys.
Additional flight lines were included in some areas of South Australia to survey densities of goats and other animals at the
request of third parties. These surveys help to determine, among other things, if recent controls have been effective at
reducing the density of feral goats in those areas and to identify ‘hot spots’ of high goat densities to target future control
efforts. Supplementary funding was provided in these instances by other parties, including Department of Defence,
Commonwealth NRM funding, the SA pastoral program (DEWNR) and the University of New England. Data for kangaroo
populations was obtained simultaneously and has been included in the population estimates for the respective harvest subregions.
In accordance with the Management Plan, sub-regions that are not heavily harvested (that is, average quota utilisation of less
than 50% for the past five years) will be surveyed triennially. In some sub-regions, the current harvesting rates for Red
Kangaroos or Western Grey Kangaroos fall below this level, and as such, surveys are undertaken once every three years. Where
sub-regions are not monitored annually, quotas are allocated at lower levels to account for the lower monitoring frequency
(refer to Quota Setting section for further detail).
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
The estimated size of the Red Kangaroo population across the entire commercial harvest area is 2,148,070; an increase of
24.3% from the previous year total of 1,727,870, and an increase of 51.8% on the five-year average (2011 – 2015) of 1,414,665.
The estimated size of the Western Grey Kangaroo population across the entire commercial harvest area is 1,507,072; an
increase of 35.8% from the previous year total of 1,109840, and a 74.2% increase on the five-year average (2011 – 2015) of
864,912. Population estimates in 2015 were the highest recorded estimates in the last decade.
Figure 1: Map of harvest regions and sub-regions of South Australia.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
2.3
2015 Euro Monitoring
Euros are difficult to count from a fixed-wing aircraft due to the rocky terrain they inhabit. Ground surveys using line transect
methodology (Buckland et al. 2001), or in some cases vehicle-based surveys, are utilised. The technique aims to assess Euro
densities in targeted areas of suitable habitat within harvest regions. Typically, a small sample area is surveyed in each harvest
sub-region. These localised densities are used to develop regional densities for Euros, by multiplying obtained survey densities
by the amount of suitable Euro habitat in each region. Some surveys in 2014 and 2015 used less intensive, more efficient
techniques, and returned comparable data. It is likely that DEWNR may move to this method in future. The design of ground
surveys is based around obtaining sufficient data for line transect analysis to typically return results with a co-efficient of
variance between 10 and 25%.
In accordance with the Management Plan, sub-regions that are not heavily harvested (that is, average quota utilisation of less
than 50% for the past five years) will be surveyed triennially. The current harvesting rates for Euros fall well below this level, and
as such, surveys for Euros will be undertaken once every three years. Where regions are not monitored annually, quotas are
allocated at lower levels to account for the lower monitoring frequency (refer to Quota Setting section for further detail). The
population estimates derived from surveys undertaken in 2015 for Euros in commercially harvested areas have been used to
set quota for 2016, and will likely be used to set quotas for the next two years.
The estimated size of the Euro population across the entire commercial harvest area is 485,865; a decrease of 1% from the
2015 estimate of 490,120.
2.4
Proposed Monitoring Program for 2016
The following monitoring program is proposed to determine kangaroo population densities in South Australia in 2016:
3

Conduct a broad-scale aerial survey of the South Australian pastoral zone and some agricultural areas to estimate
regional densities of Red Kangaroos and Western Grey Kangaroos.

Conduct ground-based Euro monitoring to achieve triennial Euro survey data.

If opportunities arise, conduct more frequent ground-based Euro monitoring (otherwise rely on most recent data
obtained in 2014 and 2015).

Investigate opportunities of using fixed camera grids to obtain euro data.

Conduct additional ground or aerial surveys (for any of the three harvested species) on selected properties when
considered necessary for quota distribution purposes, due to localised or widespread seasonal conditions, or high
pressure on available quota for a particular harvest region.
HUMANE HARVESTING PRACTICES
Both the NPW Act and the EPBC Act require kangaroo harvesting to be carried out using humane destruction techniques. Only
licensed field processors who are accredited in marksmanship and game field-processing are able to shoot kangaroos
commercially. All kangaroos taken commercially must comply with the National Code of Practice for the Humane Shooting of
Kangaroos and Wallabies for Commercial Purposes: First Edition 2008 (or any subsequent editions once endorsed).
Animal welfare is an important consideration for DEWNR. A reporting protocol has been developed for suspected non headshot carcasses and DEWNR adopts a zero-tolerance approach to such incidences. Staff conduct random inspections and
investigate complaints relating to processing works, transport vehicles, chillers, and monitor compliance with the Code.
The Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Report for South Australia, prepared in March each year, reports on the preceding year’s
harvest and contains information on compliance activity for that year.
Further information on the compliance and enforcement program is detailed in the Management Plan.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
4
HARVEST STATISTICS SUMMARY 2014
In 2014, the commercial kangaroo harvest in South Australia was 107,875 (data from 2014 Commercial Kangaroo Harvest
Report for South Australia). This figure represents 20% of the approved quota of 528,300 (including Special Land Management
Quota) (Table 2).
Table 2: Harvest summary calculated for 2014 from Meat Processor returns. Note that no Special Land Management
Quota was released in 2014.
Species
Quota
Harvest
% Quota Harvested
Red Kangaroo
323 800
70 811
22
Western Grey Kangaroo
145 000
28 437
20
Euro
59 500
8 627
14
Total
528 300
107 875
20
Of the four harvest regions in the South Australian commercial harvest area, the Eastern Agricultural harvest region had the
greatest percentage of quota harvested for all species. The extent of harvest for each harvest region and species is shown in
Table 3.
Table 3: Harvest statistics for 2014 from Field Processor returns.
Harvest region
Western Pastoral
Eastern Pastoral
Western Agricultural
Eastern Agricultural
Total
Red Kangaroo
Western Grey
Kangaroo
Quota*
Harvest
Euro
Quota*
Harvest
Quota*
Harvest
129 000
23 577
38 400
5 876
4 600
971
172 700
41 497
52 600
12 365
43 600
5 446
0
0
19 400
1 833
13 800
315 500
5 854
70 928
29 300
139 700
8 572
28 646
0
0
8 900
57 100
2 333
8 750
* excludes Special Land Management Quota.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
5 HARVEST STATISTICS SUMMARY TO AUGUST
2015
A total of 71,277 kangaroos have been harvested by field processors during the first eight months of 2015 (1 January 2015 – 31
August 2015; Table 4). This represents 13.2% of the total kangaroo harvesting quota for the year. Based on current harvest
rates, the projected harvest for 2015 for all species is 106,916. This will represent 20% of the total quota.
Table 4: Harvest statistics for 2015 from Field Processor returns.
Species
Quota*
Actual (1 Jan - 31 Aug)
Red Kangaroo
327,300
44,760
Harvest as % of
quota
13.7
Projected
harvest
67,140
Harvest as % of
quota
20.5
Western Grey Kangaroo
155,400
19,881
12.8
29,822
19.2
Euro
57,600
6,636
11.5
9,954
17.3
Total
540,300
71,277
13.2
106,916
Harvest
Projected (1 Jan - 31 Dec)
19.8
* excludes Special Land Management Quota.
19.99
A harvest summary for each species in each harvest region for the 2015 year-to-date (1 January – 31 August) is shown in Table
5.
Table 5: 2015 harvest region harvest summary calculated from Field Processor returns for 1 Jan – 31 Aug.
Harvest region
Eastern Agricultural
Eastern Pastoral
Western Agricultural
Western Pastoral
Total
Red Kangaroo
Western Grey Kangaroo
Euro
Quota*
Harvest
Quota*
Harvest
Quota*
Harvest
11,400
3,688
45,100
4,795
5,100
1,128
160,800
27,323
46,700
10,296
39,500
4,478
0
0
19,800
423
0
0
155,100
13,840
43,800
4,367
13,000
1030
327,300
44,760
155,400
19,881
57,600
6,636
* excludes Special Land Management Quota.
Since 1997, the combined harvest of all three macropod species in South Australia has ranged between 103,000 and 325,000,
representing a 20 – 53% utilisation of the annual kangaroo harvesting quota. Harvest of kangaroos in South Australia peaked
in 1995 at approximately 360,000. Since this time, the combined State harvest has declined significantly, while quotas have
fluctuated between 328,000 and 938,000. Trends of population estimates, annual harvests and quotas for each species are
shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4.
Note: the 2015 Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Report for South Australia will be prepared in March 2016 and contain
information on the full year’s harvest.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Red Kangaroo population estimates, quotas and harvest
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
population
harvest
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
0
quota
Figure 2:
Red Kangaroo population estimates, quotas and harvest for South Australia between 1975 and 2015.
Harvest for 2015 represents a projected harvest, based on harvest returns received to 31 August 2015.
Western Grey Kangaroo population estimates, quotas and harvest
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
population
quota
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
0
harvest
Figure 3:
Western Grey Kangaroo population estimates, quotas and harvest for South Australia between 1975
and 2015. Harvest for 2015 represents a projected harvest, based on harvest returns received to 31 August 2015.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Euro population estimates, quotas and harvest
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
population
quota
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
0
harvest
Figure 4:
Euro population estimates, quotas and harvest figures for South Australia between 1975 and 2015.
Harvest for 2015 represents a projected harvest based on harvest returns received to 31 August 2015.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
6
6.1
QUOTA SETTING PROCEDURES 2016
Legislation
The preparation of the commercial harvest quotas for Red Kangaroo, Western Grey Kangaroo and Euro in South Australia is
directed by the Management Plan. All quotas issued for 2016 have been issued in accordance with the standard quota
parameters detailed in this plan, which is endorsed under the NPW Act and the EPBC Act.
6.2
Criteria Used in Setting Commercial Harvest Quotas
Quotas for 2016 are set at the harvest region level, although this is further broken down into harvest sub-regions, with
boundaries primarily based on the administrative boundaries of the former Soil Conservation Board districts (or amalgamations
thereof). For management purposes, the quota allocated for each harvest sub-region can be re-distributed within, but not
between, each harvest region. This will occur when quota in a particular sub-region has been fully issued, allowing
management to respond to spatial and temporal changes in kangaroo populations or where no sub-regional quota is allocated
and kangaroos are being considered for culling under Permits to Destroy Wildlife. The scale of management at the harvest
region level (i.e. four harvest regions in South Australia) is considered to be sustainable for kangaroo populations. The
derivation of population estimates and quotas at the sub-region level provides added detail to allow for more accurate
allocation of quota at the start of the harvest year. Quotas for each sub-region are rounded down to the nearest hundred.
6.3
Regional Harvest Quotas
Quotas outlined in this report represent a constant proportional harvest strategy for kangaroos in South Australia. Regional
quota percentages have been limited to a maximum of 20% of the estimated population size for Red Kangaroos and 15% of
the estimated population sizes for Western Grey Kangaroos and Euros. More conservative quota percentages have been
allocated for sub-regions that are not surveyed on an annual basis, which are typically subject to low harvest pressure.
Population estimates for some sub-regions in 2015 are associated with coefficients of variation greater than 25%. Some of
these variances can be explained by low overall numbers of kangaroos counted. High coefficients of variation, eg. on the Eyre
Peninsula, are related to the patchy nature of the landscape surveyed (in 2014), having areas of kangaroo habitat interwoven
with large cropping areas. In areas where the kangaroo population estimate is associated with greater uncertainty, either due
to less frequent (i.e., one in three year) surveys or coefficients of variation greater than 25%, the total quota issued has been
reduced by three percent, as a more conservative approach. Note: The coefficient of variation is a standardization of variation
by dividing the standard error by the mean expressed as a percentage (the lower the percentage, the more reliable the data).
6.4
Trigger Points
In accordance with the Management Plan, trigger points based on long-term average populations are calculated for each
harvest sub-region. If aerial survey results indicate a population has fallen below the long-term average density for that
species in that harvest sub-region, the commercial quota will be reduced or suspended for the following calendar year. The
suspension will remain in place until surveys indicate populations have increased.
6.5
Special Land Management Quota
Special Land Management Quota component is set annually at up to 1.5% of the estimated state-wide population size of each
species, and is to account for land management issues that might arise due to localised and/or widespread seasonal
conditions. This quota component is only for the harvest of kangaroos that would otherwise be culled under Permits to
Destroy Wildlife, and is designed to minimise the number of kangaroos destroyed under these permits and not utilised.
Special Land Management Quota will only be released when the commercial harvest quota for a harvest region has been fully
issued on tags and is likely to be harvested, and land management issues remain. This quota is allocated at the State level, and
will be distributed between harvest regions where necessary. Release of this quota may warrant property or regional
inspections of kangaroo density and/or potential impact(s).
7
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT EXPERIMENTS
No adaptive management experiments were undertaken in 2015.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
8
2016 QUOTAS
The 2016 commercial kangaroo harvesting quotas for South Australia are shown in Table 10. The 2016 harvest region quotas
for each species are shown in Tables 11, 12 and 13.
Table 10: Commercial kangaroo harvesting quotas for South Australia in 2016, and comparison with the 2015 quota
and 5 year average (2011-2015). Note that the total quota comparisons do not include Special Land Management
Quota (SLMQ).
Quota
Species
Change (%) 2015 -2016
5 year average
2015
2016
Red Kangaroo
269,930
327,300
410,800
26
Western Grey Kangaroo
118,260
155,400
195,300
26
Euro
62,520
57,600
57,900
1
Total
450,710
540,300
664,000
23
Historical kangaroo population size, harvest quotas and annual harvests are shown in Figure 5. The highest recorded annual
quotas are 555,000 for Red Kangaroos (1997), 280,000 for Western Grey Kangaroos (1997), and 103,000 for Euros (1997).
Total kangaroo population estimates, quotas and harvest
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
Red and Western grey populations
Red, Western grey, and Euro populations
quota
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
0
harvest
Figure 5: Kangaroo population estimates, quotas and harvest for South Australia between 1975 and 2015. Harvest for
2015 represents a projected harvest, based on harvest returns received to 31 August 2015.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
9
REGIONAL HARVEST QUOTAS FOR 2016
Table 11: Proposed Red Kangaroo harvesting quotas for 2016.
Area –
km2 *
Harvest region
% Suitable
Density
Estimated
numbers
%
harvest
Western Pastoral
Quota
201,300
Marla - Oodnadatta1
128,908
45
1.77
102,676
10
10,200
Kingoonya
73,392
100
8.25
605,196
20
121,000
Gawler Ranges
45,811
100
3.82
175,049
17
29,700
14,680
100
10.23
150,148
20
30,000
177,517
50
0.69
61,323
17
10,400
Marree (inside dog fence)
Marree (outside dog fence)
2
Eastern Pastoral
186,500
North Flinders
34,622
100
10.47
362,638
20
72,500
North-east Pastoral
31,448
100
15.25
479,676
20
95,900
Eastern Districts
22,920
100
3.80
87,137
20
17,400
Murray Mallee2
19,715
100
0.28
5,520
14
700
Eastern Agricultural
23,000
South Flinders
11,883
100
8.38
99,579
20
19,900
Mid North
10,925
75
2.27
18,638
17
3,100
Western Agricultural
0
Eyre West2
22,459
0
0.00
0
0
0
Eyre East2
31,164
0
0.00
0
0
0
Total
625,445
2,148,070
410,800
Special Land Management
Quota3
10,700
Total quota available for 2016
421,500
1
The estimated density for the Marla-Oodnadatta population for the Red Kangaroos surveyed in 2013 fell significantly below the long-term
average density for this sub-region and the commercial quota has been reduced to 10% of the estimated population size. If the population
has increased to above that trigger point at the time of the next survey in this area (2016), the quota will be returned to 15% of the
population.
2
The Marree (outside dog fence), Eyre East, Eyre West, Murray Mallee and Marla-Oodnadatta sub-regions are not monitored on an annual
basis, but are monitored once every three years. Conservative harvest rates have been applied to these sub-regions to account for this
lower frequency of monitoring.
3
Special Land Management Quota will only be released when the entire quota for a harvest region has been fully issued with tags and is
expected to be harvested. This quota will allow for the commercial utilisation of animals that would otherwise be culled on Permits to
Destroy Wildlife. The SLMQ has been set at 0.5% of the total population estimate for the State for 2016.
*
Harvest sub-region area figures have been recalculated and updated to the nearest square kilometre in this report. Please note this change
when comparing with previous reports. The Marla-Oodnadatta and Kingoonya regions have been adjusted to align with the dog fence.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Table 12: Proposed Western Grey Kangaroo harvesting quotas for 2016.
Harvest region
Area –
km2 *
% Suitable
Density
Estimated
numbers
% harvest
Western Pastoral
Quota
67,500
Marla - Oodnadatta1
128,908
0
0.00
0
15
0
Kingoonya
73,392
100
0.20
14,945
12
1,700
Gawler Ranges
45,811
100
9.58
438,768
15
65,800
Marree (inside dog fence)
14,680
0
0.03
0
12
0
Marree (outside dog fence) 1
177,517
0
0.00
0
12
0
Eastern Pastoral
62,900
North Flinders
34,622
100
1.51
52,346
12
6,200
North-east Pastoral
31,448
100
4.79
150,713
15
22,600
Eastern Districts
22,920
100
8.19
187,746
15
28,100
Murray Mallee1
19,715
100
3.41
67,228
9
6,000
Eastern Agricultural
45,100
South Flinders
11,883
100
18.41
218,804
12
26,200
Mid North
10,925
65
29.64
210,474
9
18,900
Western Agricultural
19,800
Eyre West1
22,459
100
3.30
74,113
12
8,800
Eyre East1
31,164
50
5.90
91,934
12
11,000
Total
625,445
1,507,072
195,300
Special Land Management
Quota2
7,500
Total quota available for 2015
202,800
1
The Marree (outside dog fence), Eyre East, Eyre West, Murray Mallee and Marla-Oodnadatta sub-regions are not monitored on an
annual basis, but are monitored once every three years. Conservative harvest rates have been applied to these sub-regions to
account for this lower frequency of monitoring. These rates have been reduced further where coefficients of variation are greater
than 25%.
2
Special Land Management Quota will only be released when the entire quota for a harvest region has been fully issued with tags and
is expected to be harvested. This quota will allow for the commercial utilisation of animals that would otherwise be culled on Permits
to Destroy Wildlife. The SLMQ has been set at 0.5% of the total population estimate for the State for 2016.
*
Harvest sub-region area figures have been recalculated and updated to the nearest square kilometre in this report. Please note this
change when comparing with previous reports. The Marla-Oodnadatta and Kingoonya regions have been adjusted to align with the
dog fence.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Table 13:
Proposed Euro harvesting quotas for 2016.
Harvest region
Area –
km2*
%
Suitable
Density
Estimated
numbers
% harvest1
Western Pastoral
Quota
16,700
Marla - Oodnadatta
128,908
0
0.00
0
0
0
Kingoonya
73,392
0
0.00
0
0
0
Gawler Ranges
45,811
25
9.59
109,833
12
13,100
Marree (inside dog fence)
14,680
15
13.99
30,805
12
3,600
Marree (outside dog fence)
177,517
0
0.00
0
0
0
Eastern Pastoral
36,100
North Flinders
34,622
32
20.66
230,747
12
27,600
North-east Pastoral
31,448
15
13.85
65,333
12
7,800
Eastern Districts
22,920
15
1.92
6,601
12
700
Murray Mallee
19,715
0
0.00
0
0
0
South Flinders
11,883
20
15.09
35,860
12
4,300
Mid North
10,925
20
3.06
6,686
12
800
Eastern Agricultural
5,100
Western Agricultural
0
Eyre West
22,459
0
0.00
0
0
0
Eyre East
31,164
0
0.00
0
0
0
Total
625,445
485,865
57,900
Special Land Management
Quota2
2,400
Total quota available for 2015
60,300
1
Euro populations are not monitored on an annual basis due to lower harvest rates, but are monitored once every three years.
Conservative harvest rates have been applied to account for this lower frequency of survey.
2
Special Land Management Quota will only be released when the entire quota for a harvest region has been fully issued with tags and
is expected to be harvested. This quota will allow for the commercial utilisation of animals that would otherwise be shot and left in the
field under permits to destroy wildlife. The SLMQ has been set at 0.5% of the total population estimate for the State for 2016.
*
Harvest sub-region area figures have been recalculated and updated to the nearest square kilometre in this report. Please note this
change when comparing with previous reports. The Marla-Oodnadatta and Kingoonya regions have been adjusted to align with the
dog fence.
10 QUOTA ALLOCATION PROCEDURES
The quotas detailed in this report will be allocated as detailed in the Management Plan. The quota in a harvest sub-region will
be allocated as required, until the entire quota allocated to the harvest sub-region has been issued. If further quota is
requested beyond this, un-allocated quota may be issued from another sub-region within the same harvest region. If the
entire quota in a harvest region has been issued with tags and is likely to be harvested, the Special Land Management Quota
may be released.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
REFERENCES
Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P, Laake, J.L., Borchers, D.L., and Thomas, L. 2001. Introduction to Distance
Sampling: Estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. 432pp.
Grigg, G.C., Beard, L.A., Alexander, P., Pople, A.R., and Cairns, S.C. 1999. Aerial survey of kangaroos in South Australia 1978 –
1998: A brief report focusing on methodology. Australian Zoologist 31: 292 – 300.
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
SUB-REGIONAL KANGAROO DENSITY CHARTS
A summary of kangaroo density trends in each harvest sub-region is provided in the following charts.
Marla-Oodnadatta
10
8
6
4
2
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
0
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Red kangaroo
Kingoonya
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Red kangaroo
18
0.2
0
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
2015
0.4
2015
0.6
2015
0.8
2014
1
2014
1.2
2014
1.4
2013
1.6
2013
Red kangaroo
2013
Marree (outside dog fence)
2012
0
2012
5
2012
10
2011
15
2011
20
2011
25
2010
Euro
2010
2009
Marree (inside dog fence)
2010
2009
2008
Red kangaroo
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Density, kangaroos per km2
Western grey kangaroo
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Gawler Ranges
Red kangaroo
Euro
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
19
Red kangaroo
2013
2014
2015
2014
2015
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2013
Euro
2012
Eastern Districts
2012
Red kangaroo
2011
2010
2009
2008
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Red kangaroo
2011
2010
2009
Western grey kangaroo
2008
Western grey kangaroo
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Western grey kangaroo
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
North Flinders
Euro
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
North-east Pastoral
Euro
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
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2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Murray Mallee
Red kangaroo
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
0
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Western grey kangaroo
The following charts are for the new consolidated sub-regions within the Eastern and Western Agricultural Harvest Regions.
Previous years’ data for these charts has been compiled from respective previous sub-regions.
South Flinders
Red kangaroo
Euro
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
2012
2013
2014
2015
2012
2013
2014
2015
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
0.00
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Western grey kangaroo
Mid North
Red kangaroo
Euro
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
0.00
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Western grey kangaroo
21
2014
2015
2014
2015
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
2013
0
2013
1
2012
2
2012
3
2011
4
2011
5
2010
6
2010
Western grey kangaroo
2009
Eyre West
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Density, kangaroos per km2
Density, kangaroos per km2
2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
Eyre East
Western grey kangaroo
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
22
2016 Quota Report for Commercial Kangaroo Harvest in South Australia
23