Common Entrance
HENRY V
Workbook 8
WHY SHOULD WE STUDY HISTORY?
TASK: As you work through the workbook try to find examples to these points
•
History helps you understand who you are
e.g ____________________
•
History inspires us e.g _______________
•
History helps you develop various skills to look beyond the headline, to ask
questions properly, and to express your own opinions e.g ____________________
•
The pursuit of historical events and people is f___ - a form of time travel. e.g ____________________
•
History helps you to understand the world you live in. e.g ________________
•
History lets you learn how and why people behaved as they did, whether they
are Elizabeth I, Hitler or John Lennon... e.g ____________________
•
History makes you appreciate that people in the past were not just 'good' or
'bad', but motivated in complex and inconsistent ways, just like us. e.g ____________________
•
History helps us make wise decisions or learn from the past
e.g ____________________
History as a Living Person
John Suchet’s wife was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in
2004. Bonnie nolonger recognizes her husband:
'My Bonnie has gone, it's as if she has died.'
Think about…
As an individual, how does your past (history) shape ‘who you are’?
As an individual, how does your past (history) influence your future decisions?
HENRY V AND THE BATTLE OF AGINCOURT
Background to Agincourt
The Battle of Agincourt took place during the __________ Years’ War. This was a war
between F______ and E_______. The war started when Edward III believed that he had been deprived of the French
________ - his mother was meant to inherit the throne but the French Parliament
c_______ the laws saying that w______ were not allowed to inherit (called the S____
Laws)!
The War was a series of violent c________ and peaceful interludes.
Task: Answer the following questions
1. During what war was the battle of
Agincourt?
2. Who was this war between?
3. Why did Edward III believe he should be King of France?
4. What was the Salic Law passed by the French?
TASK: Rearrange the following events into chronological order
William prepares his invasion fleet
Harold wins the battle of Stamford Bridge
Harold is crowned king
Harold waits for William
Edward dies
Prince Henry
Prince Henry’s father was King Henry VI. An u______ king
amongst the b____, whose reign was very troubled.
Henry IV had a disfiguring
skin disease - maybe leprosy
-and suffered acute attacks
of some grave illness - maybe
epilepsy or heart disease
Prince Henry was an experienced c________, having fought
the W____ and defeated a rebel army at Shrewsbury - aged
16. He was badly injured in the f____ by an arrow. An ordinary
soldier might have died from the wound, but Henry had the best
medical care. The wound was treated with h_____ (antiseptic),
a tool was made to screw into the broken arrow shaft and
extract the arrow without doing
further damage, and then flushed the wound with a______. The
operation was successful, but it left Henry with permanent s_____
- hence his portraits is always shown from the side.
TASK: Answer the following questions
1. What experience did Prince Henry have as a commander?
2. What was ’honey’ used for in medicine?
3. Why did Prince Henry have his portraits done from the side?
4. What was wrong with Henry IV?
5. What is leprosy?
Task: Research the various parts of
medieval armour and weapons
No Single Causes
Like all wars, there was no s_____ cause.
1. England was a d______ country (the b______ were fighting each other because they
were b_____ ) and the _____ family (the L_________ ) was n__ popular because of
its role in Richard II’s m______ and d_________.
2. Henry thought that a campaign in France would ______ the country and make the
Lancastrian royal family _______.
3. Henry wanted to _______ all lost English lands in France since 1360. _______ III had
captured and then lost lots of land in France.
4. Henry believed that he should be the ______ of France. His grandfather, Edward III,
had had a better claim to the French throne because of his m________.
5. Henry wanted military ______ .
6. The French were ___ prepared for war. King Charles VI was ‘___’ and the country was
in the grip of a civil war.
TASK: Answer the following question
1. How might a campaign unite the barons?
2. Why was the Lancastrian family unpopular?
3. Why were the French unprepared for an English invasion?
4. What was wrong with Henry IV?
The Final Straw
Henry V believed that he had a ______ to the French throne. When the French r_____
Henry’s demands (that being the French c_____ and the king’s daughter in m_______),
Henry d_______ war and set off on his First Expedition to France.
The First Expedition - The Siege of Harfleur
Henry landed near the p____ of Harfleur with 10,000 soldiers, the majority of whom were
l_________, and ________ the town. Many weeks later the port fell, but the English
army was in a poor s_____ – casualties of warfare, d______ and desertion. Henry’s
barons said that the army should return ______. TASK: Answer the following questions
1. What was the final straw for Henry V?
2. What did Henry demand the French do?
3. What port did the English besiege?
4. How successful was the siege?
The First Expedition - The Scenic Route Home
Henry V r______ to just go home. He wanted to march to Calais t______ France to show
the French that he was not a c______ and this was his country! The journey was long - it
rained constantly, men were h_____ and t_____ and many suffered from d______. To
add to their burden, Henry had the archers carry long thick b_____ - these stakes would
be needed soon.
The French army were f_____ and c_____ them under the command of the Constable of
France. The English were c_______ near the village of Azincourt.
The English Outnumbered
History claims that Henry V was outnumbered by 4:1; his men were cold, wet and exhausted
but through sheer b_______ (by Henry himself, the soldiers themselves and the power of
the longbow) and English bull-dog spirit d_______ the French army!
Shakespeare wrote the play during the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, to a time when
England was being threatened by Spain.
Spain was the superpower of Europe at the
time - and England a little insignificant
state.
The play was made into a movie in 1941 again Britain was threatened by another
superpower - Nazi Germany
Historians do not know by how much Henry was __________ but it was probably 2:1 (not
4:1). They are also not sure how important the l________ (the archers) was. What they do
know was that the ground was m_____, the trees f_______ in and the French were
a_______ and leaderless. Henry was in no way desperate to fight - he attempted to
negotiate peaceful retreat – the French, however, r_______ .
TASK: Answer the following questions
1. What is the myth about the battle?
2. What do historian argue about?
3. What do historian know for sure?
Most of Henry’s soldiers were archers - they were cheaper to employ that men-at-arms. They were exhausted,
ill wet through and outnumbered. Things did not look good!
The Battle Commence - Funnelled into the Centre
After both sides got into position, neither side wanted to a______. Henry realised that he had to fight a d______ battle as he was o_______. The French thought that the longer the kept the English waiting the w_____ they would become.
Desperate to get the battle started, Henry m______ his army into the funnel end of the trees, had the archers drive their s_____ into the ground and the ordered them to s_____.
Taken by ______, the French launched d_______ cavalry attack. This attack failed and the cavalry retreated into the 1st waves of dis______ knights who were marching forward - causing chaos.
The 1st wave of knights reached the English men-at-arms, ignoring the archers on the w____. The English were knocked b______ but soon recovered. Meanwhile the 2nd wave of dis______ knights was moving forward - agains being funnelled into the c_____ because of the t____ and because they refused to engage with the a_____ on the wings. A squash and a squeeze.
The 2nd wave s______ into 1st wave - causing further chaos. There was hand-to-hand (called a m___ ) fighting with archers joining in, using their daggers and m_____ .
The French r_______ and the English broke ranks to search for h______. Fearing another w____, Henry had all the hostages e________d - apart for his own! This single action has t_____ Henry’s image.
The French left the battlefield, leaving 500 English dead and 8000 French dead.
Henry made it to C____ .
TASK: Answer the following questions
1. Why did the French calvary attack first?
2. Why did the French not attack the archers?
3. Why were the French funnelled into the centre?
4. Why do some historians question Henry’s actions
towards the end of the battle?
TASK: Answer the following questions
1. Why did the English win the battle?
Preparation
Draw three columns and add EXAMPLES for each
Leadership
POINT
Luck
The Results of Agincourt
Henry returned a national h___. People believed that ____ favoured the p____ Henry.
Parliament gave the king all the _____ he needed to build up the navy and launch his
Second Expedition to France.
“No King of England achieved so much in so short a time and returned home with so great
and glorious a triumph.”
Second Expedition - Conquest of Northern France
The ______ ____ in France prevented the French from putting up much r________ and
so Henry was able to clear the French from the Channel, conquer Normandy and besiege
Paris in 1419. In 1420, Henry controlled much of n______ France and was able to force the French to
agree to the Treaty of T______. The Treaty of Troyes
The French king agreed to:
•
•
•
Henry V to be the new ____ (the dauphin was declared illegitimate & a murderer)
Henry to ______ his daughter
Henry to be ______ of France.
Henry never became king of France because he died of _______, but his son, Henry VI,
was crowned King of France in 1422 after his father’s death.
TASK: Answer the following questions
1. Why was the battle of Agincourt so important for Henry?
2. What was the Treaty of Troyes?
3. What Henry ultimately fail to achieve?
The Results of Henry’s Expeditions
Henry achieved that goal which other k____ had failed to achieve: u______ the English
and French crowns under one king.
However, to achieve this:
England was heavily t_____ to pay for wars and committed to fighting the French for
many ______ - it is questionable that he would have been able to keep this going.
Henry’s achievements were _____ lived. Henry VI was a _____ king and the French
stopped fighting each other (no more civil war) and found _______ from Joan of Arc. The
tide of war changed and the English were gradually pushed out of France
TASK: Answer the following questions
1. Did Henry die too young to achieve real greatness?