2015
Ibrahim Index of
African Governance
COUNTRY INSIGHTS
MADAGASCAR
MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION
Contents
What is the IIAG?
3
How does Madagascar perform?
4
Data Table
8
Madagascar within Southern Africa
10
Data Providers & IIAG Resources
11
All figures have been rounded to the nearest one decimal place.
This means that countries may appear to have the same score, or the
change over time may appear inaccurate, but this is not the case when
all decimal places are taken into account. Countries have been ranked
and trends have been described on the basis of full scores not the
rounded numbers that appear here.
Regional Economic Community (REC) averages are calculated by
applying the REC’s current membership configuration for all data years.
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF) is aware that some sources update their
data sets after our documentation is sent to print. IIAG raw data are correct
as per the date ‘last accessed’, which is stated for each indicator within
the Data Portal (www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag/downloads/).
South Sudan and Sudan are excluded from all group averages pre-2011
as neither country existed in their current configurations before the
secession of South Sudan in 2011.
What is the IIAG?
2015 IIAG: Country Insights
3
2015 OVERALL
GOVERNANCE SCORE
Categories
The Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) measures
the quality of governance in every African country on an
annual basis. It does this by compiling data from diverse
global sources to build an accurate and detailed picture of
governance performance in African countries.
The broad aim of the IIAG is to better inform and sustain the
debate on African governance by providing a transparent and
user-friendly resource to:
• support citizens, governments, institutions and the private sector to accurately assess the delivery of public goods and services, and policy outcomes.
• encourage data-driven narratives on governance issues.
• help determine, debate and strengthen government performance.
The IIAG was created in 2007 in recognition of the need
for a quantifiable tool to accurately measure and monitor
African governance performance, its progress over time
and across countries, and as a means of supporting effective
and responsive solutions to complex public policy challenges
in developing countries. Policies need to be evaluated by
their results, which can only be done if accompanied
by robust data.
2015 Ibrahim Index of African Governance
1
overall governance score is:
4
categories
sub-categories
14
93
indicators
Sub-categories
Health
Education
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
Welfare
Rural Sector
Infrastructure
Business Environment
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
Public Management
Gender
Rights
Participation
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
National Security
Personal Safety
Accountability
Rule of Law
SAFETY
& RULE OF LAW
countries
54
15
years of data
data sources
33
How does Madagascar perform?
4
MADAGASCAR
Madagascar shows improvement at the overall governance level as a result of considerable progress
in Safety & Rule of Law­ – the largest on the continent – and Participation & Human Rights. Despite this,
Madagascar remains in the bottom half of the overall governance rankings.
In Sustainable Economic Opportunity and Human Development Madagascar displays downward trends,
including year-on-year deterioration in the latter category. Madagascar’s negative performance in
these two categories, in which it receives its worst scores in 2014, is compounded by declines in all
constituent sub-categories.
Overall governance: recovery from previous downturn with governance progress.
Madagascar scores 49.1 (out of 100) in overall governance, ranking 29th (out of 54) in Africa.
Madagascar shows overall governance improvement (+2.8) since 2011.
Madagascar scores lower than the African average and lower than the regional average for
Southern Africa.
Madagascar is ranked 10th in Southern Africa in overall governance.
Safety & Rule of Law: biggest improver on the continent.
Madagascar scores 57.7 in Safety & Rule of Law, ranking 19th on the continent.
Within the Safety & Rule of Law category, Madagascar’s best sub-category performance is in National
Security, scoring 90.0.
Madagascar’s weakest sub-category performance in the Safety & Rule of Law category is in
Accountability, scoring 38.2.
Madagascar has shown an improvement (+14.4) in Safety & Rule of Law since 2011. This has been
driven by improvement in three of the four sub-categories: Rule of Law (+34.9), Personal Safety (+15.4)
and National Security (+10.0).
Participation & Human Rights: positive trend in Participation balances declines in Rights
and Gender.
Madagascar scores 53.0 in Participation & Human Rights, ranking 23rd on the continent.
Within the Participation & Human Rights category, Madagascar’s best sub-category performance is in
Gender, scoring 71.2.
Madagascar’s weakest sub-category performance in the Participation & Human Rights category is in
Participation, scoring 39.8.
Madagascar has shown an improvement (+4.1) in Participation & Human Rights since 2011. This has
been driven by improvement in one of the three sub-categories: Participation (+19.2).
2015 IIAG: Country Insights
5
Sustainable Economic Opportunity: broad-based decline across all sub-categories.
Madagascar scores 39.3 in Sustainable Economic Opportunity, ranking 36th on the continent.
Within the Sustainable Economic Opportunity category, Madagascar’s best sub-category performance
is in Rural Sector, scoring 55.0.
Madagascar’s weakest sub-category performance in the Sustainable Economic Opportunity category is
in Infrastructure, scoring 26.5.
Madagascar has shown a deterioration (-4.2) in Sustainable Economic Opportunity since 2011. This has
been driven by deterioration in all four sub-categories: Public Management (-1.7), Business Environment
(-11.8), Infrastructure (-2.5) and Rural Sector (-0.8).
Human Development: lowest scoring country in Southern Africa.
Madagascar scores 46.3 in Human Development, ranking 45th on the continent.
Within the Human Development category, Madagascar’s best sub-category performance is in Health,
scoring 56.2.
Madagascar’s weakest sub-category performance in the Human Development category is in Education,
scoring 40.6.
Madagascar has shown a deterioration (-3.0) in Human Development since 2011. This has been driven
by deterioration in all three sub-categories: Welfare (-1.9), Education (-1.8) and Health (-5.4).
All trends referred to are calculated since 2011, unless otherwise specified.
How does Madagascar perform?
6
MADAGASCAR
2014 SCORES & RANKS
OVERALL
GOVERNANCE
SCORE/100
AFRICAN AVERAGE
CHANGE SINCE 2011
RANK/54
49.1
50.1
+2.8
29
Head of State
President Hery Martial
Rajaonarimampianina
Date came to power
25 January 2014
Head of Government
Prime Minister Jean Ravelonarivo
Date came to power
17 January 2015
Region
Southern Africa
REC Membership(s)
COMESA, SADC
Population (total m)
23.6
Urban population
(% of total population)
34.5
African Peer Review Mechanism
Not member
African Charter on Democracy,
Elections and Governance
Not signed, Not ratified
African Charter on Statistics
Not signed, Not ratified
Information correct at 23 July 2015
39.3
Safety & Rule of Law
Sustainable Economic Opportunity
Participation & Human Rights
Human Development
SAFETY &
RULE OF LAW
57.7
53.0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
46.3
SUSTAINABLE
ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
SCORE/100
SCORE/100
SCORE/100
SCORE/100
57.7
53.0
39.3
46.3
AFRICAN AVERAGE
AFRICAN AVERAGE
AFRICAN AVERAGE
AFRICAN AVERAGE
51.3
49.3
43.2
56.4
CHANGE SINCE 2011
CHANGE SINCE 2011
CHANGE SINCE 2011
CHANGE SINCE 2011
+14.4
+4.1
-4.2
-3.0
RANK/54
RANK/54
RANK/54
RANK/54
19
23
36
45
2015 IIAG: Country Insights
7
2014 SUB-CATEGORY SCORES & RANKS
SAFETY &
RULE OF LAW
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
SCORE/100
SCORE/100
AFRICAN AVERAGE
RANK/54
AFRICAN AVERAGE
RANK/54
RULE OF LAW
59.5
50.8
16
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
42.5
46.0
41
ACCOUNTABILITY
38.2
35.5
22
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
33.4
40.7
35
PERSONAL SAFETY
43.0
44.0
34
INFRASTRUCTURE
26.5
36.5
37
NATIONAL SECURITY
90.0
74.8
10
RURAL SECTOR
55.0
50.5
23
SCORE/100
AFRICAN AVERAGE
RANK/54
SCORE/100
AFRICAN AVERAGE
RANK/54
PARTICIPATION
39.8
45.9
31
WELFARE
42.2
50.9
41
RIGHTS
47.9
47.3
29
EDUCATION
40.6
48.8
39
GENDER
71.2
54.8
8
HEALTH
56.2
69.9
47
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
TRENDS SINCE 2011, OVERALL GOVERNANCE
& CATEGORY LEVELS
OVERALL
GOVERNANCE
SAFETY &
RULE OF LAW
2011-2014
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
African average
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC HUMAN
OPPORTUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
+14.4
+2.8
+4.1
-3.0
-4.2
Data Table
8
MADAGASCAR
Score/100; 100 = best
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Change
20112014
OVERALL SCORE
55.6
56.3
55.8
56.4
56.9
58.0
56.8
58.2
57.9
50.9
48.4
46.3
45.7
48.1
49.1
+2.8
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW
61.3
61.5
61.1
62.3
62.2
63.5
63.6
64.0
63.1
47.2
45.0
43.3
45.2
49.6
57.7
+14.4
RULE OF LAW
61.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
60.1
59.1
60.7
29.3
26.4
24.6
23.6
23.9
59.5
+34.9
Property Rights (AfDB/WB/BS/HER/WEF)
61.2
61.2
61.2
61.2
61.2
61.2
58.5
55.2
57.0
53.3
45.7
42.9
38.1
40.3
43.2
+0.3
Judicial Process (EIU/GI)
41.7
41.7
41.7
41.7
41.7
41.7
41.7
41.7
45.8
58.3
58.3
58.3
58.3
58.3
58.3
0.0
Judicial Independence (BS/GI/WEF)
35.6
35.6
35.6
35.6
35.6
35.6
33.5
32.2
34.0
34.7
28.0
21.9
21.5
20.9
29.5
+7.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
+100.0
Transfers of Power (EIU)
Sanctions (CDD)
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
66.7
+66.7
ACCOUNTABILITY
40.9
41.7
42.5
44.1
42.7
44.0
45.1
47.4
47.1
44.8
40.0
41.0
41.8
38.8
38.2
-2.9
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (AfDB/WB)
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
67.0
67.0
40.2
33.9
33.9
38.1
28.9
36.0
+2.1
Access to Information (GI)
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
25.0
+12.5
Online Services (UNDESA)
13.2
13.2
13.2
13.2
11.1
26.6
29.3
32.0
34.8
29.3
23.8
35.0
46.2
40.7
35.2
+0.2
Corruption & Bureaucracy (WB)
57.1
64.3
71.4
85.7
75.4
71.4
71.4
71.4
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.1
0.0
Corruption in Government & Public Officials (EIU)
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
50.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
60.0
-20.0
-6.2
Diversion of Public Funds (WEF)
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
33.0
36.6
31.5
24.5
22.8
21.7
16.4
16.6
Accountability of Public Officials (EIU)
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
50.0
58.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
0.0
Public Sector Corruption Investigation (GI)
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
0.0
Prosecution of Abuse of Office (BS)
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
92.9
100.0
78.6
57.1
57.1
57.1
50.0
42.9
42.9
-14.3
PERSONAL SAFETY
48.0
48.0
45.9
49.0
49.9
54.1
54.1
54.5
64.4
39.8
33.7
27.6
35.5
45.7
43.0
+15.4
+25.0
Safety of the Person (EIU)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
Police Services (GI/WEF)
37.2
37.2
37.2
37.2
37.2
37.2
37.2
40.5
45.2
36.2
26.4
22.8
21.3
26.7
10.5
-12.3
Social Unrest (EIU)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
+50.0
Violent Crime (EIU)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
62.5
75.0
56.3
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
0.0
Political Violence (ACLED/PTS)
76.0
76.0
63.5
81.7
87.5
87.5
87.5
86.3
78.9
46.4
69.7
68.1
66.4
72.7
72.7
+4.6
Human Trafficking (USDS)
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
100.0
50.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
25.0
+25.0
NATIONAL SECURITY
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
80.0
75.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
90.0
90.0
+10.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
+25.0
+25.0
Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP)
Domestic Armed Conflict (EIU)
Cross-border Tensions (EIU)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
75.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
Internally Displaced People (IDMC)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Political Refugees (UNHCR)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
+0.0
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS
68.8
68.3
67.0
67.4
68.0
68.7
65.2
64.6
63.2
53.4
50.8
48.9
47.6
52.7
53.0
+4.1
PARTICIPATION
83.7
82.0
78.7
78.7
78.7
78.7
69.0
66.7
61.2
38.4
28.1
20.6
20.6
36.4
39.8
+19.2
+33.3
Political Rights (FH)
83.3
83.3
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
50.0
50.0
50.0
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
33.3
50.0
Political Participation (EIU)
71.2
71.2
71.2
71.2
71.2
71.2
71.2
71.2
71.2
64.1
57.0
64.1
64.1
64.1
64.1
0.0
Free & Fair Elections (BS)
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
88.9
83.3
77.8
66.7
55.6
33.3
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
0.0
+62.5
Free & Fair Executive Elections (IREEP)
Effective Power to Govern (BS)
RIGHTS
75.0
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
45.8
45.8
45.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
62.5
62.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.4
88.9
72.2
55.6
33.3
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
0.0
59.8
59.8
59.4
60.9
62.3
64.3
63.4
63.6
64.8
55.3
55.2
54.4
50.8
50.0
47.9
-6.5
Freedom of Expression (BS/FH/GI/RSF)
70.0
70.3
68.1
67.2
64.3
64.6
65.7
67.7
64.0
58.1
55.7
54.7
52.3
53.6
43.0
-11.6
Freedom of Association & Assembly (BS/GI)
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
72.2
69.4
58.3
47.2
47.2
47.2
50.0
52.8
52.8
+5.6
Civil Liberties (BS/FH)
68.8
68.8
68.8
77.1
77.1
77.1
74.0
70.8
67.7
56.3
53.1
50.0
46.9
43.8
43.8
-6.3
International Human Rights Conventions (OHCHR/UNOLA)
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
45.0
55.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
65.0
70.0
70.0
80.0
75.0
75.0
+5.0
-25.0
Human Rights (EIU)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
68.8
50.0
50.0
50.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
GENDER
63.1
63.1
62.9
62.6
63.0
63.0
63.2
63.5
63.7
66.5
69.3
71.6
71.4
71.5
71.2
-0.4
Gender Equality (AfDB/WB)
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
60.4
60.4
60.4
-2.1
Gender Balance in Education (WB)
74.8
74.8
74.8
74.8
74.8
74.8
75.1
76.0
76.1
76.8
77.1
77.4
78.2
79.3
79.3
+1.9
Women's Participation in the Labour Force (WB)
93.8
93.8
94.1
94.0
93.9
93.9
94.9
95.8
96.6
97.3
97.9
97.7
97.4
97.1
97.1
-0.5
Gender Equality in the Workplace (GI)
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
0.0
Legislation on Violence against Women (OECD)
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
41.7
58.3
75.0
70.8
66.7
66.7
-8.3
+6.3
Women in Politics (GI/IPU)
43.8
43.8
42.1
40.5
42.9
42.9
42.9
43.7
43.7
45.5
47.3
47.3
51.2
55.6
53.6
Women in the Judiciary (GI)
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
0.0
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
42.1
42.9
42.3
42.9
43.2
44.8
43.8
48.4
49.7
47.8
46.0
43.5
42.5
42.5
39.3
-4.2
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
42.3
45.2
42.9
45.1
46.3
46.4
41.8
52.3
54.5
50.5
49.4
44.1
42.5
42.2
42.5
-1.7
Public Administration (AfDB/WB)
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
72.9
72.9
72.9
66.7
50.0
45.3
46.9
46.9
-3.1
Statistical Capacity (WB)
62.7
62.7
62.7
62.7
62.7
62.7
65.7
65.7
68.7
68.7
68.7
67.2
64.2
62.7
61.2
-6.0
2015 IIAG: Country Insights
9
Score/100; 100 = best
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Change
20112014
Diversification (AfDB/OECD/UNDP)
11.8
9.4
10.8
10.8
16.7
23.2
24.9
28.7
32.3
35.1
35.9
13.2
23.9
20.1
20.1
+6.9
Budget Management (AfDB/WB)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
52.8
52.8
66.7
66.7
47.2
38.9
38.9
27.8
36.1
27.8
-11.1
+2.9
Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure (AfDB/AU/UNECA)
42.6
35.0
13.7
37.4
38.8
38.7
33.7
43.7
41.2
40.2
51.5
41.3
38.9
32.0
44.2
Fiscal Policy (AfDB/WB)
61.9
61.9
61.9
61.9
61.9
56.3
61.9
61.9
69.0
56.3
56.3
56.3
56.3
56.3
50.8
-5.6
Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (EIU)
48.4
86.0
86.3
80.7
83.7
83.4
36.0
95.7
95.4
92.3
92.9
96.3
91.2
95.1
94.9
-1.4
Revenue Mobilisation (AfDB/WB/ICTD)
36.6
35.4
33.7
35.6
36.3
34.2
34.6
35.3
44.4
41.5
33.9
34.2
34.8
30.4
36.3
+2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
51.2
51.4
52.3
52.8
51.0
48.5
45.2
42.9
40.3
33.4
-11.8
Access to Financial Records of State-owned Companies (GI)
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Competitive Environment (AfDB/WB/BS/GI)
46.4
46.4
46.4
46.4
46.4
46.0
47.1
50.3
47.5
47.5
40.4
38.2
38.2
37.5
37.5
-0.7
Customs Procedures (WEF)
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
34.7
47.2
54.1
42.0
37.8
45.1
40.3
-1.6
Investment Climate (HER)
55.6
55.6
55.6
55.6
55.6
77.8
77.8
77.8
77.8
66.7
61.1
61.1
61.1
61.1
55.6
-5.6
Bureaucracy & Red Tape (EIU)
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
16.7
0.0
-33.3
-17.8
Soundness of Banks (WEF)
68.9
68.9
68.9
68.9
68.9
68.9
68.9
70.1
70.8
60.4
53.7
51.2
44.1
41.0
33.4
INFRASTRUCTURE
25.9
25.9
26.1
26.2
26.2
26.3
26.5
28.2
29.7
30.4
31.0
29.0
29.3
29.8
26.5
-2.5
Road Network (WEF)
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
30.4
34.8
35.7
35.1
30.4
26.2
28.1
27.8
-2.6
Rail Network (EIU)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
0.0
Air Transport (GI/WEF)
42.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
47.0
51.8
48.1
45.7
41.6
43.0
43.9
41.1
-0.4
Access to Water (WHO/UNICEF)
12.1
12.6
13.1
13.6
14.1
14.8
15.4
16.1
16.7
17.4
18.0
18.6
18.9
19.1
19.4
+0.7
Electricity Supply (WEF)
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
18.1
16.7
22.9
28.1
21.5
21.4
25.9
21.8
+0.3
Telephone & IT Infrastructure (EIU)
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
37.5
33.3
16.7
-16.7
0.6
0.7
1.0
1.3
0.9
1.1
1.9
2.6
4.6
5.6
6.7
7.7
8.1
8.1
8.8
+1.0
RURAL SECTOR
53.4
53.4
53.4
53.4
53.4
55.3
55.5
60.8
61.8
59.1
54.9
55.8
55.4
57.6
55.0
-0.8
Public Resources for Rural Development (IFAD)
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
66.8
62.5
75.0
68.8
62.5
50.0
56.3
50.0
37.5
37.5
-18.8
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Rural Areas (IFAD)
47.0
47.0
47.0
47.0
47.0
49.9
44.3
47.0
60.5
48.4
42.4
48.4
48.4
48.4
48.4
0.0
Land & Water for Low-income Rural Populations (IFAD)
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
49.1
49.7
50.2
58.2
58.3
55.1
58.3
58.3
58.3
61.3
+3.0
-6.4
Digital Connectivity (ITU)
Rural Business Climate (IFAD)
66.1
66.1
66.1
66.1
66.1
72.3
70.8
71.1
68.1
65.2
64.2
61.5
58.8
61.6
55.1
Agricultural Research & Extension Services (IFAD)
51.1
51.1
51.1
51.1
51.1
51.1
58.1
79.1
83.8
74.3
74.3
74.3
74.3
74.3
74.3
0.0
Agricultural Policy Costs (WEF)
54.0
54.0
54.0
54.0
54.0
54.0
54.0
59.8
60.2
60.8
53.2
42.4
41.9
50.2
48.7
+6.2
+17.6
Engagement with Low-income Rural Populations (IFAD)
55.3
55.3
55.3
55.3
55.3
55.9
60.6
60.6
61.8
61.8
50.0
47.1
52.9
61.8
64.7
Equal Representation in Rural Areas (IFAD)
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.8
33.3
41.8
50.0
58.3
58.3
68.8
50.0
-8.3
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
50.0
52.8
52.9
53.1
54.2
55.1
54.8
55.7
55.6
55.2
51.8
49.4
47.6
47.7
46.3
-3.0
-1.9
WELFARE
61.9
61.9
61.9
61.9
61.9
61.9
60.0
60.8
59.8
56.1
52.1
44.1
39.9
39.9
42.2
Welfare Regime (BS)
46.2
46.2
46.2
46.2
46.2
46.2
38.5
30.8
30.8
30.8
34.6
38.5
38.5
38.5
38.5
0.0
Welfare Services (Health & Education) (AfDB/WB)
73.2
73.2
73.2
73.2
73.2
67.0
67.0
73.2
73.2
67.0
60.7
47.3
45.2
45.2
54.5
+7.1
+1.1
Social Protection & Labour (AfDB/WB)
62.4
62.4
62.4
62.4
62.4
69.0
63.5
63.5
63.5
63.5
57.9
43.7
37.6
37.6
44.8
Social Exclusion (BS)
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
21.4
28.6
21.4
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
0.0
Equity of Public Resource Use (AfDB/WB)
68.2
68.2
68.2
68.2
68.2
73.2
73.2
80.4
80.4
80.4
80.4
67.9
53.6
53.6
53.6
-14.3
Environmental Policy (BS)
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
78.6
71.4
71.4
71.4
57.1
42.9
42.9
42.9
42.9
0.0
Environmental Sustainability (AfDB/WB)
83.3
83.3
83.3
83.3
83.3
77.8
77.8
77.8
77.8
65.3
59.7
54.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
-6.9
EDUCATION
34.5
34.5
34.3
34.1
34.7
36.1
36.0
36.2
37.5
39.9
42.4
42.4
41.2
40.8
40.6
-1.8
Education Provision & Quality (BS)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
41.7
33.3
33.3
33.3
41.7
50.0
41.7
33.3
33.3
-16.7
Education System Quality (WEF)
26.1
26.1
26.1
26.1
26.1
26.1
26.1
30.4
30.5
41.0
41.5
32.3
32.3
34.1
32.4
+0.1
Ratio of Pupils to Teachers in Primary School (UNESCO)
59.6
61.0
60.1
55.4
54.5
53.1
59.4
58.7
60.5
59.6
68.5
64.9
65.1
68.9
68.9
+4.0
+0.1
Literacy (UNESCO)
69.6
68.8
67.9
67.1
66.2
65.4
64.5
63.7
62.8
61.9
62.0
62.0
62.1
62.1
62.2
Primary School Completion (WB)
19.0
18.6
18.8
22.5
28.1
39.9
38.9
43.0
49.0
55.4
52.2
52.6
51.2
50.2
50.2
-2.4
Secondary School Enrolment (UNESCO)
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
16.7
19.2
21.6
22.8
25.7
28.7
30.0
30.3
30.3
+1.7
+0.4
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.5
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.5
6.2
6.3
6.6
6.6
HEALTH
Tertiary Education Enrolment (UNESCO)
53.7
61.9
62.4
63.5
65.9
67.3
68.5
70.2
69.6
69.6
60.9
61.6
61.6
62.4
56.2
-5.4
Access to Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF)
24.7
25.0
25.2
25.5
25.8
26.2
26.5
26.9
27.2
27.6
28.0
28.3
28.5
28.6
28.8
+0.5
Child Mortality (IGME)
55.6
58.5
61.2
63.8
66.2
68.7
70.9
72.9
74.7
76.3
77.5
78.6
79.8
80.8
80.8
+2.1
Maternal Mortality (WHO)
75.5
75.7
75.9
76.1
76.2
76.4
76.9
77.3
77.8
78.3
78.7
79.3
79.9
80.5
80.5
+1.2
Undernourishment (WB)
46.4
45.0
42.6
39.9
39.6
41.7
46.0
49.6
51.6
52.0
52.3
52.9
53.6
54.1
54.1
+1.3
Disease (Malaria & TB) (WHO)
76.5
76.8
78.3
78.2
79.2
80.1
81.8
82.4
83.2
83.8
84.1
84.5
84.3
84.9
84.9
+0.4
Immunisation (Measles, DPT & Hepatitis B) (WB/WHO)
50.6
52.4
53.9
60.7
74.2
78.4
77.5
81.9
72.5
69.7
65.8
66.4
63.8
67.5
67.5
+1.1
0.0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
0.8
3.1
2.5
2.5
3.0
-0.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.0
-50.0
Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Provision (UNAIDS)
Public Health Campaigns (GI)
Madagascar within Southern Africa
10
SOUTHERN AFRICA
OVERALL GOVERNANCE
58.9
2014 SCORE/100
2014 RANK/12; 1=BEST
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
63.4
59.2
51.5
61.6
ANGOLA
BOTSWANA
LESOTHO
MADAGASCAR
40.8
11
74.2
2
61.1
5
49.1
10
43.8
11
82.7
2
66.7
6
57.7
9
40.2
11
68.7
5
70.9
4
53.0
9
31.6
11
66.1
3
50.5
6
39.3
10
47.6
11
79.5
2
56.4
7
46.3
12
MALAWI
MAURITIUS
MOZAMBIQUE
NAMIBIA
56.7
7
79.9
1
52.3
8
70.4
4
64.0
7
82.7
1
54.0
10
74.3
3
63.0
6
73.8
3
59.9
7
76.1
1
45.6
8
77.5
1
45.4
9
64.0
4
54.2
8
85.7
1
49.8
10
67.1
4
SOUTH AFRICA
SWAZILAND
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE
73.0
3
49.6
9
59.5
6
40.4
12
68.4
4
59.2
8
66.7
5
41.0
12
73.9
2
29.5
12
59.1
8
41.9
10
72.3
2
50.3
7
50.7
5
24.6
12
77.3
3
59.6
6
61.5
5
54.2
9
Data Providers & IIAG Resources
2015 IIAG: Country Insights
11
The 2015 IIAG was calculated using data from 33
independent institutions.
African Development Bank (AfDB)
African Union Commission (AUC)
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
Bertelsmann Stiftung (BS)
To explore the 2015 IIAG further, including information on
the IIAG methodology and data sources, download the IIAG
Data Portal, Executive Summary or Sub-category Insights
from www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag/downloads/.
DATA
PORTAL
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
Freedom House (FH)
Ghana Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana)
Global Integrity (GI)
Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique (IREEP)
Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME)
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC)
International Centre for Tax and Development (ICTD)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
The IIAG Data Portal is an interactive Excel-based application, available
for in-depth analysis of the results of the IIAG, in English or French.
EXPLORE KEY FINDINGS
EXPLORE BY COUNTRY
EXPLORE BY REGION, REC OR GEOGRAPHICAL GROUPING
EXPLORE BY INDICATOR
COMPARE COUNTRIES OR GROUPS
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
61.0 43.9 25.6 54.2 65.1 88.5 52.5 61.0 43.9 25.6 54.2
75.0 63.8 21.7 37.6 49.3 70.5 44.5 75.0 63.8 21.7 37.6
EXECUTIVE
48.0 48.2 36.5 48.0 49.7 50.5 58.7 48.0 48.2 36.5 48.0
SUMMARY
38.0 48.4 47.8 64.5 35.4 67.5 77.6 38.0 48.4 47.8 64.5
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Political Terror Scale (PTS)
Reporters sans frontières (RSF)
The Heritage Foundation (HER)
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
SUB-CATEGORY
INSIGHTS
14
One for each IIAG Sub-category
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
(UNDESA)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (UNOLA)
United States Department of State - Office to Monitor and Combat
Trafficking in Persons (USDS)
Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP)
World Bank (WB)
World Economic Forum (WEF)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Join the discussion on Twitter or Facebook:
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