University at Buffalo Libraries
TITLE: How Ancient Architecture Continues to Influence And Redesign Itself Within The Modern Era
AUTHOR: Jeanette Jarvis
Thesis:
Ancient Arcitecture has always influenced designers by mixing old concepts of design with new materials
and ideas, as a result new designs are brought forward inthe modern era. Architectural works are visible as
cultural and political symbols and works of art. Ancient civilizations are often known primarily through
their architectural achievements. Buildings are cultural symbols, and are an important link in public
awareness. Cities, regions and cultures continue to identify themselves with and are known by their
architectural monuments. Architectural revival arises to emulate an older tradition, to show esteem and
associate, ourselves with the value and traditions of the time.
Core Concepts/Keywords:
Ancient Architecture, Romanesque Revival, Gothic Revival, Egyptian Revival, Modern Era, Designers
Primary Source:
Citation:
Smokovski, Ljupco Louvre Pyramid. Forbes traveler.com, Shutterstock (2007) The Seven Modern Wonders
of the World slide 3.
http://images.forbestraveler.com/media/photos/inspirations/2007/08/7‑wonders‑03‑g.jpg
[http://images.forbestraveler.com/media/photos/inspirations/2007/08/7‑wonders‑03‑g.jpg]
Annotation:
Louvre Pyramid was built in 1989, and is made up of three glass pyramids; the largest is used as an
entrance to the Louvre Museum in Paris. This pyramid surrounded by the neo‑classical style buildings of
the museum.
Print Reference Source:
Citation:
Campbell, Gordon. The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture. Ed Oxford; New York: Oxford
University Press, c2007
Annotation:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture is the most current and complete reference
resource for the visual arts of the Classical period. This encyclopedia offers an idea how the people of the
periods lived, through their art, as well as their furniture and design schemes. It also spans every art form,
avenue, and civilization from the fall of the Roman Empire. The Encyclopedia also provides a list of all
subject areas in the classical arts, including philosophers, rulers, writers and artists, metalwork, mosaics
architecture, ceramics, sculpture, archaeological sites and stylistic developments and more. The Grove
Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture provides an in‑depth look at the architecture of ancient
Greece and Rome.
Electronic Reference Source:
Citation:
“Gothic Revival.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 23 Apr. 2008
<http://www.search.eb.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/eb/article‑9037492
[http://www.search.eb.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/eb/article‑9037492]>.
Annotation:
This article discusses what inspired Gothic revival in the United States and in Great Britain and also gives
examples of the first Gothic Architectural buildings. Readers would begin to understand that Gothic
architecture was used for its picturesque and romantic qualities, with a tendency toward ornamentation
and decoration. It also discusses the earliest appearance of an interest in Gothic revival was focused mainly
in the private settings, then eventual public. The article also shows how the building designs moved from
being a picturesque style to more medieval one, the phases of Gothic Architecture in the United States, the
reason why there was a shift from Neoclassicism to Gothic revival Architecture, and why eventually this
revival style began to disappear.
Web Sites:
Citation:
Heckendorn, Dale. “Colorado Historical Society Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation” Office of
Archaeology and Historic Preservation, 2003
http://coloradohistory‑oahp.org/guides/architecture/gothic.htm
[http://coloradohistory‑
oahp.org/guides/architecture/gothic.htm]
Annotation:
In this article, the Colorado Historical Society lists the characteristics of Gothic revival architecture: massive
towers, buttresses, pointed arched window, deeply recessed entrance and steeply pitched roof. Along with
labeled pictures that show the location of the architectural designs that are listed above.
Citation:
Gothic Revival in England. 24 April 2008 Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University
Library.
October
2002
http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/adw/gravely/revival.html
[http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/adw/gravely/revival.html]
Annotation:
This article is about the use of gargoyles (word came from the word to gargle, since they protected the
buildings from rain and directed water) to ornament Gothic and well as Gothic Revival buildings. The
monstrous carvings represented thinking in a reverse manner, for instance, these monsters guarded the
church. This article also explains that the term, Gothic, was first used during the Renaissance to mean
“barbaric” architecture produced after the decline of Classical civilization.
Books:
Citation:
Curl, James Stevens. The Egyptian Revival: Ancient Egypt as the Inspiration for Design Motifs in the West.
New York: Routledge, 2005.
Annotation:
The book is an illustrated text that describes the numerous revivals of the Egyptian style from ancient
times to the present day. The author analyzes the influence of Ancient Egyptian culture on the West. He
also argues that the civilization of Ancient Egypt is essential, to the development of a great extent of
western architecture, art, design, and religion. The author also keeps a record of the perseverance of
Egyptian ideas in design from Ancient Greco‑Roman, through the Medieval, Baroque, and Neo‑Classical
periods and the influence Egyptian designed had on the Art Deco style.
Citation:
Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl. Distant corner: Seattle architects and the legacy of H.H. Richardson. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, c2003.
Annotation:
This book is about architect Richardson and how his works in Romanesque Architecture influence other
architects, as well as the Romanesque Style in the Seattle region. Richardson was the type of architect that
enjoyed mixing modern with his flair for Romanesque.
Citation:
Collins, Peter and Frampton, Kenneth. Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture, 1750‑1950. McGill‑
Queen’s Press, 1998
Annotation:
In the book Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture transformed the understanding of modernism in
architecture, the author explains what Revivalism, Rationalism, Eclecticism, and Functionalism meant to
those who experienced these styles and, examined the social impact that these forces had on arts,
sciences as well as architectural styles. While recognizing this, the book also recognizes the breaks
between pre‑modern, modern, and post‑modern approaches to design.
Peer‑Reviewed Journal Articles:
Citation:
Whitehouse, Helen. “Egyptomanias.” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 101 Issue 1, Jan97: p158
Annotation:
The author believes that all architectures have influence from Egyptian culture. She believes that it will
continually show this evidence as more sites or things of interest are being found; this allows numerous
books and articles that are still being written about Egypt. Ceramics, pottery, culture as well as the
building will continually influence our way of design (through Egyptian artifacts).
Citation:
Kieckhefer, Richard. “The Romanesque Revival: Religion, Politics, and Transnational Exchange.” Church
History, Vol. 75 Issue 1, Mar2006: p236‑238.
Annotation:
The author has explored architecture deeply in the 19th century especially Gothic revival architecture. She
explains how important revival architecture creates waves throughout both England as well as America.
The author also links together Gothic and Romanesque revival architecture to other revival architecture
movements.
Newspaper Article:
Citation:
Mindlin, Alex. “NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: UPPER WEST SIDE; Storm Over an Ill‑Starred Chapel.” New York
Times 3/18/2007: p5
Annotation:
In this article it shows the conflicts between development in the Upper West Side and the conservation of
West‑Park Presbyterian Church, a Romanesque Revival church. The area the church is located is a goldmine
for real‑estate investors. The problem is it has only one hundred parishioners, not enough to raise the
fifteen million dollars to restore the building and to set up permanent endowment for the one hundred and
seventeen year old church. It was decided, the developer, Richman would demolish a former chapel beside
the sanctuary and also renovate the church, set up the endowment. This was done to put up low income
housing that was needed in the area. The church was never placed on the Upper West Side/Central Park
West Historic District, because a previous pastor, Robert Davidson, lobbied against it by stating that people
should not idolize buildings.
Additional Sources:
Citation:
Curl, James Stevens. Egyptomania: the Egyptian revival, a recurring theme in the history of taste. New York:
Manchester University Press, c1994.
Annotation:
Egyptomania is a guide to the rebirth of Ancient Egyptian styles from ancient to the present day, by
analyzing the influence of Ancient Egypt on art, architecture, design and religion. The author explores the
perseverance of Ancient Egyptian ideas and decorations in the Greek and Roman Empires, the Medieval and
Renaissance periods, as well as the Neo‑classical movement in the 19th century, the Art Deco movement
and its re‑appearances during the course of the 20th century. In the 20th century, the author summarizes
the discovery of King Tut’s tomb and its impact, together with creations as the Louvre pyramid in Paris.
Citation:
Howe, Prof. Jeffery. “A Digital Archive of Architecture” Boston College, 2000
http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/ [http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/]
Annotation:
This digital archive shows images from various periods throughout history, but most importantly from
Romanesque to Gothic as well as High Gothic pictures. The Archive was built under the banner of the
Boston College’s Fine Art’s Department and was assembled by Professor Jeffery Howe.
Citation:
Guillen, Mauro F. “Scientific Management’s Lost Aesthetic: Architecture, Organization, and the Taylorized
Beauty of the Mechanical” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 42, 1997
Annotation:
This journal article is about the relationship between organization and aesthetics in one pragmatic
instance of notable significance that has implications for the architecture discipline and for society: “the
formulation by modernist artists of an aesthetic based on the beauty of the machine and on the new
scientific management methods of the turn of the century.” In other words even though architecture learn
and study beauty, those this are see as the past because, of the development of science.
Citation:
Kostof, Spiro. A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals 2ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995
Annotation:
This book is a comprehensive guide to the history of architecture, explains ancient peoples ideas, beliefs
system and well as their architectural type. It is also excel for persons who have little or no information on
architecture and wishes to learn more at an in‑depth level.
how_ancient_architecture_continues_to_influence_and_redesign_itself_within_the_modern_era.txt · Last modified: 2008/06/03 13:07 by trwalsh2