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Thursday|13April 2017 |No.5372
WWW.NASLEFARDA.NET
Iran In News
Iran ‘next big
destination’for
global tourists
T
urkey is determined to
mobilize all the means
to restore its tourism
sector as one of its main
sources of foreign exchange
which has been negatively hit
during last two years.
Turkey held its second Travel
ExpoAnkara in the capital city
on March 23-25. The threeday fair aimed at promoting
tourism industry of Turkey,
in general, and of the city, in
particular, and also boosting
cooperation between the sector
and its foreign counterparts.
Seven countries, including
Iran, plus 22 provinces of
Turkey and 220 tourism
related companies welcomed
thousands of visitors in the
exhibition.
Tourism industry is an
important pillar of the Turkey’s
economy:About 3.7 percent of
the country’s GDP is brought
in by the sector. The flourishing
industry of tourism has created
about 2.3 percent of the overall
employment in Turkey.
The country with beautiful
sites and rich culture is one of
the hotspots for holidaymakers
from around the world.
But the thriving sector of
Turkey’s tourism was gravely
hit in 2016. The spate of
terrorist attacks starting from
2015 that killed hundreds of
civilians including dozens of
foreign tourists was a deadly
blow to the tourism in Turkey.
The failed coup followed by
mass arrests in the country also
caused political uncertainty
that largely kept the foreign
tourists away.
Turkey, the sixth popular
destination for holidaymakers
in the world as recently as
2014, is now suffering from
a sharp fall in the number
of German travelers that
made up the main chunk
of Turkey’s tourism. The
number decreased from
5.5 million in 2014 to 3.9 in
the last year, according to
Turkey state news agency,
Anadolu.
Currency IRR
USD
32438
EUR
34377
GBP
40500
CHF
32186
naslfarda
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Historical Tabriz Bazaar:
Maze of Interlinked and Roofed Brick Structures
T
abriz, in the northwestern
province
of
East
Azarbaijan, has long been
the venue of cultural exchanges
and its historic bazaar complex
is one of the most important
commercial centers on the Silk
Road.
Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex
is a maze of interlinked and roofed
brick structures, buildings and
enclosed areas serving a variety
of functions. Tabriz and its bazaar
flourished and gained fame during
the 13th century CE when the town
served as the seat of the Safavid
kingdom.
Tabriz, however, lost its status as
the capital city in the 16th century
while remaining an important
commercial hub until the end of the
18th century, with the expansion
of Ottoman power. It is one of
the most evident instances of
the traditional, commercial and
cultural system of Iran.
The historic Tabriz Bazaar
Complex, located along one of
the busiest east-west trade routes
boasts of covered brick structures,
buildings, and enclosed areas for a
variety of functions ― commercial
and trade-related activities, social
gatherings, and educational and
religious practices.
Tabriz Bazaar Complex was one
of the most important international
trade and cultural centers in Asia
and the world between the 12th
and the 18th centuries CE in view
of its location along the east-west
trade routes.
Tabriz Bazaar is an exceptional
prototype of an architecturalurban commercial area, which is
reflected in its highly-integrated
architectural buildings and
spaces. The bazaar is one of the
most sustainable socio-economic
structures, and its great complexity
attests to the richness in trade and
cultural interaction of Tabriz.
Must-see sites in Iran
The bazaar is an exceptional
physical, economic, social,
political, and religious complex
that provides evidence to a
civilization that is still flourishing.
Over the centuries, Tabriz
Bazaar developed into a socioeconomic and cultural system in
which specialized architectural
structures, functions, professions
and people from various cultures
integrated into a unique living
ambiance.
The historic Tabriz Bazaar is
an outstanding example of an
integrated multi-functional urban
complex in which interconnected
architectural structures and
spaces have been shaped by
commercial activities. A large
number of specialized buildings
and structures are concentrated
and interconnected in a relatively
compact area to form what
is almost a single integrated
structure.
Integrity and Authenticity
The designated property contains
all the elements that convey its
significance. The integrity of the
18th century Tabriz Bazaar is
well preserved. The connection
between the physical structure
and its functioning is still clearly
legible, and in many cases alive.
The texture of bazaar still exhibits
the design, workmanship, and
materials of the time it was
reconstructed after the 1780
earthquake. The bazaar is still
vibrant and economically active,
attesting to its rich and long-lasting
economic, social, and cultural
exchanges.
Historical description
The archeological evidence bears
witness to human settlement in
Tabriz since the Bronze Age.
Tabriz was an important military
base in the ninth century CE.
The city began to prosper as an
economic and business center. It
was the capital of the country in the
12th and 13th centuries CE.
The destruction of Baghdad by the
Mongols in 1,258 CE increased the
importance of Tabriz as a trading
hub.
Tabriz attained its zenith in
economic and social fields
between 1316 and 1331 CE.
Globetrotters such as Marco Polo
and Ibn Battuta described it as one
of the richest trading hubs in the
world.
The town’s prosperity rose thanks
to its strategic location during the
14th and 15th centuries CE.
Sahebabad, the first vast official,
and ceremonial space, was created
in Tabriz in 1258 CE ― around
which the most important public
buildings were built. The Safavid
rulers chose Tabriz as the capital
in early 16th century CE. The city
became a powerful government
headquarter, even though the
capital was moved first to Qazvin
in 1548 and then to Isfahan, which
was considered safer in the face of
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
Shushtar, Historical Hydraulic System, inscribed as a masterpiece of creative genius, can
be traced back to Darius the Great in the 5th century B.C. It involved the creation of two
main diversion canals on the river Kârun one of which, Gargar canal, is still in use providing
water to the city of Shushtar via a series of tunnels that supply water to mills.
threats by the Ottoman empire.
Tabriz witnessed economic
depression in the last quarter of
the 17th century. Nonetheless,
the city’s revenues earned from
travelers depicted Tabriz as an
important trading spot.
The 18th century brought a period
of political instability triggered by
Ottoman attempts at expansion.
The most destructive earthquake
in the intense seismic history of
Tabriz totally ruined the town in
1780, at the beginning of Qajar
reign. It was, however, rapidly
rebuilt.Another earthquake in
1817, caused a great deal of
damage to the mosques and to the
town. Tabriz was occupied by the
Russians in 1826 but was retaken
by the Qajar rulers two years later.
Several changes were made in
the town during the 19th century.
The governmental headquarter
moved from Sahebabad ― where
public buildings were arranged
around a vast square in the north of
Mehranroud River ― to its present
location, south of the river, near
Aala Gate. Saheb-ol Amr Square
was built in the historical area
of Sahebabad, and Tabriz Jame’
Mosque was restored.
A flood caused extensive damage
to the bazaar in 1871, which was
mapped and evaluated by means
of a field survey. These records
provide information about the
condition of the bazaar at that
time. Renovation works were
conducted for various structures
in the following years. For
example, Mozaffarieh Timcha
(Carpet Bazaar of Tabriz)
was completed in 1905.Tabriz
became the center of the Iranian
Constitution Movement in 1906:
The bazaar was closed and the
people demonstrated against the
government since the constitution
was signed by the king and the
first Parliament was established.
During the 20th century, several
wide roads were established,
leading to certain sections of the
bazaar.