U.S. History
Chapter 18 Summary
Name: _________________________
Period: ____________
1. What was the great dilemma America faced after World War II?
2. Where was the greatest resistance to the changing rights of African Americans?
Jim Crow laws =
3. What strategy did the NAACP to use to combat racism?
4. What issue most inflamed both segregationist and integrationists?
5. Name the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools was a violation of the
Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection of the law.
6. What was the special significance of the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka, Kansas?
7. Who was the chief lawyer representing Linda Brown?
8. What event forced President Eisenhower into the school integration issue?
9. Who was the African American woman arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white rider in
Montgomery, AL?
10. This arrest in 1955 led to what major event in the fight for civil rights?
11. After the Montgomery boycott, who emerged as the leader of the African American protest movement?
12. Who was the first African American to play professionally in major league baseball?
Chapter 18 Section 2
1. What are sit-ins and Freedom Riders?
Sit-ins =
Freedom riders =
2. Who was the first African American student to attend the University of Mississippi?
1
U.S. History
Chapter 18 Summary
Name: _________________________
Period: ____________
3. On June 11, 1963, where did President Kennedy send federal troops to honor a court ordered desegregation?
4. Where did Dr. King make his famous “I Have a Dream” speech?
5. After John Kennedy’s assassination how did Lyndon Johnson continue Kennedy’s civil rights work?
6. What was contained in the civil rights bill Kennedy sent to Congress?
7. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit?
8. Why is the 1964 Civil Rights Act considered a landmark legislation?
Chapter 18 Section 3
1. What troubled the Kennedy administration about the nonviolent methods of the civil rights movement?
2. What alternative did Attorney General Robert Kennedy suggest to the SNCC leaders?
3. What was the purpose of the Voter Education Project?
4. Which state represented the greatest challenge to desegregation?
5. After the right to vote was extended to all races according to the Fifteenth Amendment what tax did many
southern states enact to discriminate against African Americans?
6. What new hurdle will southern states come up with to deter the black vote?
7. How could poor white voters get around this tax?
8. Which amendment, ratified in 1964, outlawed the use of this tax as a pre-condition to voting in Federal
elections?
9. What project gathered college students from across the nation to go to the South and register African
Americans to vote?
2
U.S. History
Chapter 18 Summary
Name: _________________________
Period: ____________
10. Where were three civil rights workers murdered during Freedom Summer?
11. Following passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 what became the main focus for African Americans?
12. What civil rights law banned literacy tests and became one of the most important processes of civil rights
legislation ever passed?
13. What was included in the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
14. With the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 what happened to the registered African American voters
in the South?
Chapter 18 Section 4
1. In the mid-1960’s, which cities (3) were the scene for riots because of racial unrest?
2. Why did Martin Luther King Jr. go to Memphis, Tennessee in March 1968?
3. Who murdered Martin Luther King Jr.?
4. What happened in American cities as a result of King’s assassination?
5. Why would King have been upset about the public reaction to his death?
6. What did Robert F. Kennedy, who was running for president, ask the nation to do following the death of
King?
Chapter 18 Section 5
1. To speed integration of city schools what did the courts order?
2. What was the response in some areas to court ordered busing?
3. What political change occurred in the cities in the late 1960’s and early 1960’s?
3
U.S. History
Chapter 18 Summary
Name: _________________________
Period: ____________
4. What programs gave preference to minorities and women in hiring and admissions?
5. Who became the first African American appointed to the Supreme Court?
Chapter 18 Summary
Test
1. What was the great dilemma America faced after World War II?
2. Where was the greatest resistance to the changing rights of African Americans?
3. What 1896 Supreme Court ruling supported legalized racism?
4. Southern state laws that separated white and black people in public places were called?
5. How did President Truman contribute to the march for greater civil rights?
6. Who was the first African American to play professionally in major league baseball?
7. What issue most inflamed both segregationist and integrationists?
8. Name the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools was a violation of the
constitution’s guarantee of equal protection of the law.
9. What was the special significance of the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision in the case coming out of Topeka,
Kansas?
10. Who was the African American woman arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white rider in
Montgomery, AL thus launching the Civil Rights movement?
11. After the Montgomery boycott, who emerged as the leader of the African American protest movement?
12. What leading United States civil rights organization and law firm fought to end segregation?
13. Where did President Eisenhower send federal troops to protect African American students who were
integrating the schools?
14. Non-violent protests where people occupy seats or sit down on the floor of an establishment and remain
until they are evicted, usually by force, or arrested, or until their requests have been met are called?
15. Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the United
States Supreme Court decision that had outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in
terminals serving buses that crossed state lines were called?
16. Who lead the 1963 Civil Rights march on Washington, D.C., where he delivered his famous “I Have a
Dream” speech?
17. What landmark legislation banned discrimination in employment and in public accommodations?
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U.S. History
Chapter 18 Summary
Name: _________________________
Period: ____________
18. After the right to vote was extended to all races according to the Fifteenth Amendment what tax did many
southern states enact to discriminate against African Americans?
19. How could poor white voters get around this tax?
20. Which amendment ratified in 1964, outlawed the use of this tax as a pre-condition to voting in Federal
elections?
21. What new test did southern states come up with to deter the black vote?
22. What civil rights law banned these tests and became one of the most important processes of civil rights
legislation ever passed?
23. Who became the first African American Supreme Courts justice?
24. To speed integration of city schools what did the courts order?
25. What programs gave preference to minorities and women in hiring and admissions?
5