5/
~/IOJ lSI
? voJ, (,
5. Write the symbol (in the form ~X) for the isotope of
l-J.,~
~
. . 'IU._
l~ 0c
, A..~)
potassium with 21 neutrons.
"'2.'"Z/L5 J "2.S-J 'Lb, 2?-,33/11) 68jb9
~L.... ~()-(.IC.
f'_
':::
v"
c..ClV
19:"7
~
(r
9r;l- p~o~,c.-tG~
N,""""L\
- 6. How many neutrons are found in a 35Cl nuckus?
- XHow many protons are founa in a 136 Xe nucleus?
.
(\1'0, AS> Ie
~ 2 '?
'10. What is the binding energy of an a particle (a 4He
nucleus)? The mass of an a particle is 4.00151 u.
EG
-=-
f),fY\
(,.'2..
=
'"! " 'Y- oI\.Gr
(
'.,t
v'Y\'P
= t~ m~ ,)J",,,
1\
-t,.,
'IY\.,..
rvo.
L
\(1.
,. ' _•• ••
_~!
-l~~~~_,:, ..)1 c
.:. ['2l\·
C>0:J. 'Z. '1 (., ') \J.) -t
-=- [ O·D"?O~":J ~1
-
'.
t
It
e-t.
)yi.~.,~~
.. n
=---~----~
I • ~'f'A tV
---
II) \ I.A.] -
nuclet!s. (b) What
is the average binding energiper nucleon? Check your
answer using Fig. 29.2.
or(Z.........
'=t. = <6
,.,(>~~\
rno.-hN'\ =
"'" oc..
no-'
vJCL-~ 0
~c>-- +
c; .... \,
lu Ci )
S 0
... ~
'5. q ~L4 ~ \4
\
Ie ~
g
~(i. c..~ ~",~r"""
~~~
J:{3 ~ .2841.;1..9 Me-V
-13. (a) Find the binding energy of the 160
~ l'vI-L
"131::_: ./ P.,~i~If~(. ~ :~~Ma..u
"2..L \. () 0 IS ~b ~ 11 ""-') _ t.1. ~o
~ ~"3
-:: W'\e...~1\f\ _
22.
Tho~um-23~ (2~6!h) decays via adecay. Write out the
reactIOn and IdentIfy the daughter nuclide.
-23. Write out the reaction and identify the daughter nuclide
22
when uNa decays by electron capture.
&- 1. =10
- I N~
".
226 - .- 222
4-.-Y
25. Radium-226 decays as ssRa -7 S6Rn + 2.t1e. If the
~~a nucleus is at rest before the decay and the 2~Rn
nucleus is in its ground state, estimate the kinetic energy ­
222
.
of the a particle. (Assume that the S6Rn nucleus takes
"\ away an insignificant fraction of the kinetic energy.)
<4.)~ ~cJ.- ~k_ Q...l,I\.cvJ" ' ...
+~ ~~
..u. S0lV.) I·....~C ,,~ Q~ ~k
\; QJQ.... w-e..
()l...,
~r<J"'" A-p~rL\ 'to ~
- "'2 2. "2. • C\1
~
-l~rn:::
1'_ 1(6, Y'r\
p
(0
o to.
"+
-
Y'f)~INAL ..... m'"L,,\~\A-L
'{"r'\.t..-ON\..I>
c).M.c..-~
s
+h..t N\~ 0 c. ~4
\\ ~ -tho....., -':k ih.....n
·H..a_ t> (,J v-.. \.-
CN\. ~
Jl- ~')
~. 0 0 "'Z. b ~ "3 1. \,...
"2.'( b , b "t S-
_ S.
\4 1;)"2 l,.g
nJ.~~
II
i)
t'\
..
-t 0 "'r,. Vf~ ""',
\~e~4:~0
~
v....
-
7."'2. ets-'" X \O-'3~
E =. ~mc-1.
":.-(5. '2tt'1x~(;~)(..."'2..
:J \.)
6'fv\ ~ -\-lL ~~ \~ V\O~
S f ~"." ~. 0 "V> CAl" d ~ "'" c..-'" .t..~) r
l'fl v..JJ \- 'ot.. e--~ ~ t..o r -\\..c. c4-~
,,70 S "'"
--­
\2tll
F~
Which
modeEwolu.1d you expect for radioactive
~lSi: a decay
/3- or-/3+?
"
. xp am [Hi t· L k
tb-proton ratio.]
.
n. 00 at the neutron-
e,-
~,
\'{
~~
'?>'
~i. --=1
3\
~~
\'-\
,:, fJ. "­
~\
-""">
4-
?
\'i'
+~~
~~
N/~
\. 2- 5"
~ E .. ~ ~ oc.c.wJ
{"hQ,.)C.
w'NI-
ltY Calculate the maximum kineti'c energy of the /3 parti 1
40
when
EJ;
19 K
~
decays via /3- decay.
!:>rt'L'l..
=
_",·.)L~
i)
;: L'tI\
:=.
"'Ib-
llYl "I\~
.
l> ...1,.,. ""
~l> f\"\'~
_ 0.0
't' 'fl'llL -
-
l'I\ i'
V'II P
Q
"....w'
~. t.....
- ( l'f\ f' A\"o ""
o-~l c 2.
C£.
~ QHl.2JJ""r {' ~ ; "­
~cOU ~40 , .... ~ '< ~ ~I~rs
AI=>_
t:
-('l+l) '/tie.. ~ 'fY\..
\ '-\ D -, S'-'0
--\-\4
ce
o.U \)~
Ai)
=l~\
lf0>i:,
''\
-
'r
- ' I 40
1..0
~O
-\-)}
C'" +;:
~ '" ~")] e..'Z.
t ... o~~&-I'"
't°l
--;<1 ,'110'>,
\'\
1..\0 ~o-,
~
(...
\')
<1"1%' 1
'-<
~q Iq~?. s-q\ 1..
.. \I
33. A certain radioactive nuclide has a half-life of 200.0 s.
A sample containing just this one radioactive nuclide
h~ ~ initial activity of 80,000.0 S-I. (a) What is the
~C.ti~lty ~oo.o s lat~r? (b) How many nuclei were there
Imttally. (c) What IS the probability per second that any
one of the" nuclei decays?
.
't.=
,:: @C )0 c>O \ 1-:.) (
~ (~O I 000 \ 'S)
'.~'R--~ \)) ~ -­Is \
U
I
O.
.6)
tO~~
f(
OR
to, 11 ~ ')
000
lIs
~ 'R" \ ~ )t/
Ty
-
\
>- N
b) 12- =-
= ~()
= 2oc$. ~ '2. ~1s ,'" S
Tih II",?-
~ - bOO I"l. 'is \(
~c
s~
tP
Io / zQ O
~OJ~\ \/2)
-
ibOO O (
1/"l.)~ ~s
-=
80>.0 00
'/tt. -::
\Z~ ~)'No
}j .. ::: 'Ro/')
=~DJooo/3.4(.ITlo-"3~~
c.) ~ ro be.. ~ IL ~ ::: A
T 41.
0.)
..:>
-=.
Ytt
':" : 1. ::I ~,.
=- ~.1 )(l~f. tv...... ~
3. ~ b,-y \u- '5 ~ """:>J {~
In this problem, you will verify the statement (in Section
29.4) that the 14Cactivity in a living sample is 0.25 Bq
per gram of carbon. (a) What is the decay constant A. for
14C? (b) How many 14C atoms are in 1.00 g of carbon?
One mole of carbon atoms has a mass of 12.011 g. and
the relative abundance of 14C is 1.3 X 10-12. (c) Using
your results from parts (a) and (b), calculate the 14C
activity per gram of carbon in a living sample.
S7S0)'.('w~ A =
COV\..[v.Ie: +0 S(!..u.f\tJ,..,
\ ' '11.. ::. 5 7 '3> 0 '1,y., 3~ d X
[liz...:::
\~L..
:=
I.
-('/z.-­
:- \. d'- 07.. '( /0 II
'I
\."
2­
-­
\ I ~ 0""2 X ,,jl ~
"\
\ 'A ':; ~-",.
b) -:: N
- '~_:~~--'-i-~-l-z..Q\\
:: b
j
c.'J
~Q
(/\~
II
\
(~)rroo.
~ X\!~ I ~ o,}-o '/'r- .!
:.
-T< I ,r:t).....(/
--
\ loO}
<
<;
lO,
"
','15)
o~ 'Is.
68. In 1988 the shroud of Turin, a piece of cloth that some
people believe is the burial cloth of Jesus, was dated
. g He . The measured 14e activity of.
the cloth was
usm
about 0.23 Bq/g. According to this activity, when was
the cloth in the shroud made'?
'69. Radon gas (Rn) is produced by the a decay of radium
226.r.
8SKa (a) How many neutrons and how many protons
are present in the nucleus of the isotope of Rn produced
by this decay'? (b) In the air in an average size room in a
strident basement apartment in Ithaca, NY, there are
about 107 Rn nuclei. The Rn nucleus itself is radioac­
tive; it too decays by emitting an a particle. The half­
life of Rn is 3.8 days. How many a particles per second
are emitted by decaying Rn nuclei in the room?
0.)
'2 '2.(..
I'lJ
~f
-)
",0-..
N ~ '0'+
'R -::
~
t-) ').
\
0(,
~ OJ" It \' ~
'Se...tOI\~