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June 16, 2005
(1) Writing in your subject: Students learn to write by writing. Research indicates that
students write more when using a computer than when writing by hand.
•
Develop a computer-based writing assignment relevant to the theme of your
portfolio.
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http://www.pecentral.org/lessonideas/ViewLesson.asp?ID=4385
(2) Editing: Research indicates that students edit and revise more when writing on a
computer than when writing by hand.
•
Use the footnote feature to identify all of the mistakes you can find in this
document without the aid of a grammar checker, and repeat with the aid of a
grammar checker.
Errors I found without the use of a grammar checker.
The causes of the Revolutionary Warr1 was that the the English put tacks
in their tea. Also, the colonists would send their parcels through the post without
stamps. During the War. the Red Coats and Paul Revere was throwing balls
over stone walls. The dogs were barking and peacocks crowing. Finally the
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War (mis-spelling)
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colonists won and no longer had too pay for taxis 2 . delgats3 from the original 13
states formed an Contented Congress. Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin
were towo singers of the Declaration of Independence. Frankin declared4 "A
horse divided against itself cannot stand." Franklin died in 1790 and is still dead.
Soon the Constitiion5 of the united states 6 was adopted to secure domestic
hostility. Abraham Lincoln became America's greatest Precedent. Lincoln's
mother died in infancy, and he was born in a log cabin which7 he built with his
own hands. Lincoln said,: "in onion there is great strength."
Errors I found with the use of a grammar checker.
The causes of the Revolutionary Warr was that the the English put tacks
in their tea. Also, the colonists would send their parcels through the post without
stamps. During the War. the Red Coats and Paul Revere was throwing balls
over stone walls. The dogs were barking and peacocks crowing. Finally the
colonists won and no longer had too pay for taxis . delgats from the original 13
states formed an Contented Congress. Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin
were towo singers of the Declaration of Independence. Frankin declared "A
horse divided against itself cannot stand." Franklin died in 1790 and is still dead.
Soon the Constitiion of the united states was adopted to secure domestic
hostility. Abraham Lincoln became America's greatest Precedent. Lincoln's
mother died in infancy, and he was born in a log cabin which he built with his own
hands. Lincoln said,: "in onion there is great strength."
•
What kinds of errors are generally not detected by the software? Give examples.
Would you encourage your students to use a grammar/style checker? If so,
explain how it might be best employed. If not, explain why not.
If a word is spelled correctly it will not mark an error even when the meaning of
the word does not match what the writer is intending to state. For example, the word taxis
refers to a car instead of taxes as in money, and it does not detect this error because taxis
is spelled correctly. Yes, I would encourage students to use grammar/style checker. I
think that although it is not 100% efficient students will benefit because if it marks
something wrong it is their responsibility to reread and be the judge of the correction. I
think it is best employed when students check the suggestion grammar/style checker
gives and they decide whether to change it or not.
2
Taxes (mis-spelling)
Delegates (mis-spelling)
4
Need a comma (grammar)
5
Constitution (mis-spelling)
6
United States (grammar)
7
Need a comma (grammar)
3
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(3) Analysis of your textbook: Readability is a measure of the comprehensibility or
understandability of written text. There are many methods and formulas for determining
readability and the related reading age. Teachers should be aware of the readability level
of their text as well as the reading level of their students.
•
Scan three or more paragraphs from your textbook into a word processor file
using OCR software. Perform a document check and readability estimates on the
text and include the results in your portfolio.
Sleep Improvement
People who exercise regularly enjoy improved sleep quality. They fall asleep more
quickly, sleep more deeply, a waken less often, and sleep longer. As with depression,
the sleep benefits obtained as a result of strength training are comparable to
treatment with medication but without the side effects or the expense.
Healthy Heart Tissue
Strength training is important for cardiac health because heart disease risk is lo wer
w hen the body is leaner. One study found that cardiac patients gained not only
strength and flexibility but also aerobic capacity w hen they did strength training three
times a week as part of their rehabilitation program. This and other studies have
prompted the American Heart Association to recommend strength training as a way
to reduce risk of heart disease and as a therapy for patients in cardiac rehabilitation
programs.
Research and Background About Strength Training
Scientific research has sho wn that exercise can slo w the physiological aging clock.
While aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, or s wimming, has many excellent
health benefits—it maintains the heart and lungs and increases cardiovascular
fitness and endurance—it does not make your muscles strong. Strength training
does. Studies have sho wn that lifting weights tw o or three times a week increases
strength by building muscle mass and bone density. One 12-month study conducted
on postmenopausal women at Tufts University demonstrated 1% gains in hip and
spine bone density, 75% increases in strength and 13% increases in dynamic
balance with just t wo days per week of progressive strength training. The control
group had losses in bone, strength, and balance. Strength training programs can also
have a profound effect on reducing risk for falls, which translates to fe wer
fractures.
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•
According to the computer-generated readability estimates, does this text appear
to be appropriate for your students? Explain. (Note: In some programs, document
analysis appears at the end of a grammar check).
This text according to the computer-generated readability estimates is not appropriate for
my students. When I begin to teach, physical education at a secondary level students who
have to take physical education are seven to tenth graders, and this text is at twelve-grade
level.
(4) Equations: Many teachers have the need to incorporate equations into handouts, tests
and notes. Equation editors allow you to make equations and then export them as
graphics to word processors.
•
Use an Equation Editor to create two or more complex equations from your
discipline. If your discipline does not use many equations, you may select from
the following list.
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June 16, 2005
Energy level of a single:
2 2
e
n
2
#m c a Z n2
E "
2n
Lorentz Force:
F = NeE + (Nev " B )
!
!
(5) Word relationships : English dictionaries contain more than 250,000 words, while
Spanish dictionaries contain approximately 100,000 words, and most other languages
have far fewer. English has an extensive vocabulary and many synonyms. This can cause
difficulties for English learners. An electronic thesaurus may be used to help students
understand the complex relationship within the English lexicon.
•
Using a thesaurus, paraphrase the preamble of the Constitution. Include at least
ten logical substitutions for the original words. You may use the built-in thesaurus
(Tools/Language/Thesaurus) in Word or internet resources such as Merriam
Webster's Dictionary & Thesaurus, or Roget's Thesaurus. Describe (with an
example) how you can use a thesaurus when tring to explain the meanings of
difficult words to your students
Preamble: We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect
Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common
defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America.
Preamble: We the citizens of the United States, in Order to structure a more
perfect Union, institute Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
common defense, support the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty
to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and institute this Constitution for the
United States of America.
(6) Mastering Content Vocabulary: Although modern English has the largest and most
complex lexicon of any language in history, the meanings of many words can be
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determined if one knows the common prefixes, suffixes and root words. Knowledge of
such morphemes is particularly useful for English learners who face the formidable
challenge of mastering English vocabulary, with all of its many nuances. According to
Richard E. Hodges of the University of Puget Sound ("Improving Spelling and
Vocabulary in the Secondary School; 1982, p 30) ,“If you were to examine the 20,000
most used English words, you would find that about 5,000 of them contain prefixes and
that 82 percent (about 4,100) of those words use one of only fourteen different prefixes
out of all the available prefixes in the language.” Thus, if students master these prefixes,
they will know clues to the meanings of thousands of words." *TPE-tip. TPE 7 requires
teachers to "implement an instructional program that facilitates English language
development, including reading, writing, listening and speaking skills" You may wish to
develop a root-word bank for the subject you teach and show how it facilitates
vocabulary development (TPE-7)
•
Identify five words commonly used in your subject. Identify one or more prefixes,
suffixes or roots from each. Use an online dictionary to identify 5 or more other
words in the English language that use these morphemes as per the example.
When searching, you will need to use standard wildcards: *=multiple characters;
?=single character.
Root
dict-
Meaning
tell, pronounce
(from dictionary)
Bi-
two, see
Tri
three
Quad
four
Five or more related words that share this root
dictator (one whose word is law), diction
(enunciation), edict (a formal pronouncement or
command.), dictum (an authoritative, often formal
pronouncement), dictate (to say or read aloud to be
recorded or written by another)
biceps brachii (two headed muscle located at the
front of arm that flexes forearm), biceps femoris
(two headed muscle located at thighs that flexes
the joints at the knee), bifocal (eye glasses with
lenses to be able to see), biannual (something that
happens every two years), bisexual (sexual
orientation to a male and female),
triceps brachii (three headed muscle located at
back of the arm that extends the forearm), triennial
(something that happens every three years),
triangle (three sided area), trilingual (able to speak
in three different languages),tricycle (a vehicle
with three wheels)
Quadriceps (front four headed muscle of the upper
leg that extends the thighs), quad annual
(something that happens every four years),
quadriga (a two wheel cart pulled by four horses),
quadrangle (four sided area like a squar), quadrille
(square dance that includes more than four
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couples)
hyper
over
hypo
beneath, below
•
hypertrophy (enlargement of an muscle),
hyperactivity (being more active than normal),
hyperesthesia (increase sensibility), hyperbola (a
curve having two arches), hypercapnia (abnormal
carbon dioxide in the blood)
hypodermic (layer beneath the skin), hypoesthesia
(lost of sensibility), hypotrophy (diminish of
muscle growth), hypoallergenic (below normal
allergic reactions), hypocalcemia (abnormally low
amounts of calcium in blood)
English has acquired words from many languages as seen in this story. It is
helpful to show students these foreign words and cognates so they can better
understand the historical relationship between English and other languages and
look for cognates when learning new terms. Translate 5 or more words from your
discipline into each of four languages using Sherlock, Logos or other resources.
Include the translations in your portfolio. Identify cogantes and explain how you
can use them to help students master English.
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June 16, 2005
•
One way to interest students in the significance of words is to have them study the
meaning of their own names. Identify the meaning of five common first names of
students in your class.
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June 16, 2005
(8) Communicating with English Learners and their families: Southern California is
home to a very diverse population, many of whom are immigrants from non-English
speaking countries. Translation programs can help break down some of the language
barriers between teachers, their students, and the families of these students.
•
Use translation software (such as Sherlock, FreeTranslation.com or AltaVista
Translation Service) to translate a simple document from your class into one or
more languages spoken by students in your class. If possible, show this to
someone who is fluent in English and the language into which you have translated
it, and explain any potential problems.
EnglishRegular physical activity substantially reduces the risk of dying of coronary heart
disease, the nation's leading cause of death, and decreases the risk for stroke, colon
cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure. It also helps to control weight; contributes
to healthy bones, muscles, and joints; reduces falls among older adults; helps to
relieve the pain of arthritis; reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression; and is
associated with fe wer hospitalizations, physician visits, and medications. Moreover,
physical activity need not be strenuous to be beneficial; people of all ages benefit
from participating in regular, moderate-intensity physical activity, such as 30 minutes
of brisk walking five or more times a week.
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June 16, 2005
Translated English to SpanishLa actividad física regular reduce substancialmente el riesgo de morir de la
enfermedad cardíaca coronaria, la causa principal de la nación de la
muerte, y disminuye el riesgo para el movimiento, el cáncer de dos
puntos, la diabetes, y la tensión arterial alta. También ayuda a controlar el
peso; contribuye a los huesos, a los músculos, y a los empalmes sanos;
reduce caídas entre más viejos adultos; ayuda a relevar el dolor de artritis;
reduce síntomas de la ansiedad y de la depresión; y se asocia a pocas
hospitalizaciones, visitas del médico, y medicaciones. Por otra parte, la
actividad física no necesita ser vigorosa ser beneficiosa; la gente de todas
las edades beneficia de participar en regular, actividad física de la
moderado-intensidad, tal como 30 minutos de cinco que caminan
enérgicos o más mide el tiempo de una semana.
After using the translation software I thought it did a good job in
translating from English to Spanish. Correct meanings of words can be
potential problems that may occur. For example, in English one word can
have different meanings and the translation software might not catch it. If
the letter is not formal and individuals use slang the intended message is
not going to be correct. For example, is some writes the concert was cool.
Alta Vista software is probably thinking of cool as in temperature.
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