8119DV
THE NEW MARIJUANA:
Higher Potency,
Greater Dangers
DVD Version
ISBN-13: 978-1-55548-806-2
T he N ew M arijuana : H igher P otency , G reater D angers
Credits
Executive Producer
Anson W. Schloat
Producer
John O’Neill
Teacher’s Resource Book
Ted Alvarez
Donna Giachetti
Wanda Hauser
Elizabeth Hoover
Copyright 2010
Human Relations Media, Inc.
Human Relations Media
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
T he N ew M arijuana : H igher P otency , G reater D angers
Table of Contents
DVD Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Program Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Student Activities
1. Pre/Post Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. The Name Game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. The Long Arm of the Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4. The People vs. Marijuana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Research Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6. Know the Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7. Class Debate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8. In Simple Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9. Toni’s Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fact Sheets
1. Marijuana Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2. Marijuana Q & As . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3. The Evidence Against Marijuana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. Marijuana Today and Tomorrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5. Marijuana Behind the Wheel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6. You Say . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7. Learning More. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8. Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Other Programs from Human Relations Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Human Relations Media
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
T he N ew M arijuana : H igher P otency , G reater D angers
DVD Menu
MAIN MENU
➤ Play
➤ Chapter Selection
From here you can access many different paths of the DVD, beginning
with the introduction and ending with the credits.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Effects of Marijuana
Potency
Withdrawal
Mental Illnesses
Conclusion
➤ Teacher’s Resource Book
A file of the accompanying Teacher’s Resource Book is available on the
DVD. To open the file you need to load the DVD onto a computer that has
a DVD-ROM and Adobe Acrobat Reader. Right click on the DVD icon
and then double click on the file titled “Teacher’s Resource Book.”
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The New Marijjuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
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Introduction
Pop song lyrics about getting high. Movies like Pineapple Express or Harold and Kumar exalting
young adults who smoke pot recreationally. Athletes like Michael Phelps being photographed with
pot paraphernalia. Marijuana’s constant presence in popular culture can leave the impression that
it’s virtually harmless—a substance that has lost its taboo status although it is still illegal. The fact
is, marijuana or cannabis sativa is still the most widely used illegal drug in the United States.
With such media exposure, it’s easy to assume that kids already know everything there is to know
about pot. For every authority figure who advises a teen to “just say no,” there are dozens of
peers who maintain that marijuana is a perfectly normal part of young adulthood. Over the years,
marijuana has lost much of its stigma—while at the same time becoming more potent and addictive
than ever before. Too many young people believe that marijuana is safe because it is grown instead
of being synthesized in a laboratory. Yet today’s marijuana is both stronger and more dangerous than
it has ever been, and it poses a more serious threat to the physical and mental well-being of teenagers
than ever before.
These days, the average concentration of THC (the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana) hovers
around nine percent—more than twice the amount measured in the early 1980s. More THC means
more side effects for users—side effects such as impaired brain responses, fatigue, loss of motivation
and decreased memory function. In early 2008, the University of Mississippi’s Potency Monitoring
Project reported that marijuana is more potent now than at any point since they began their analysis
in the 1970s, and perhaps at any point in history. The most powerful samples they measured contain
concentrations as high as 37.2 percent—a truly “mind-blowing” level of this mind-altering substance.
Because their bodies and brains are still developing, young people are far more vulnerable to the
dangers of ultra-potent pot than adults are. In a 2006 Dutch study, inexperienced smokers of a
powerful strain of modern marijuana exhibited higher heart rates, lower blood pressure and an
increased loss of motor control and concentration than more experienced smokers. During a 2002
test by psychopharmacology researchers at University College London, users failed to complete a
simple memory task, even after two hours of failed attempts. In some cases, the impairment from a
single joint lasted up to eight hours.
The cognitive harm caused by marijuana can last long after the smoke fades away. Studies show
that long-term use of marijuana can lead to abnormalities and damage in the hippocampus and
amygdala—two sections of the brain that control memories and emotion.
Until recently, there has been debate about whether marijuana use is related to a person’s chance
of developing a mental illness. A 2007 collaborative study performed by researchers at Cambridge
University, Cardiff University and Maastricht University pointed out the likelihood that prolonged
use of potent marijuana could indeed lead to “the emergence of psychotic symptoms.” The White
House Office of National Drug Control Policy found that teens who reported feeling depressed
were more than twice as likely to smoke marijuana as those who weren’t depressed. The report also
concluded that marijuana use increases teens’ chances of developing mood disorders by 40 percent.
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
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Introduction continued
Currently, researchers are concerned that more potent marijuana could lead to more intense
addictions than those previously seen among heavy marijuana users. “Particularly worrisome is the
possibility that the more potent THC might be more effective at triggering the changes in the brain
that can lead to addiction,” said Nora Volkow, Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. “More
research is needed to establish this link between higher THC potency and higher addiction risk.”
Clearly, bigger highs mean bigger risk to those who choose to experiment with marijuana. The
choice to smoke marijuana today comes saddled with a greater chance for severe addiction, mental
impairment and even acute toxic reaction. In The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater
Dangers, viewers will be offered a fresh and timely review of the pitfalls of modern marijuana,
using scientific data and harrowing testimony from those adversely affected by this powerful drug.
The program relies upon real-life examples and scientific research to prove once and for all that it is
not safe to use marijuana.
Despite an overall decline in marijuana use over the last ten years by teens in eighth, tenth and twelfth
grades—as reported in 2008 by the Monitoring the Future survey—more teens report that they don’t
see any “great risk” in using marijuana regularly. It’s time to correct that view, because what today’s
kids don’t know about the new marijuana can hurt them, both now and far into their future.
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Learning Objectives
After watching The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers and participating in the
class activities included in this Teacher’s Resource Book, your students will be able to:
➤ separate myths about marijuana from the facts
➤ recognize that marijuana is an addictive, illegal gateway drug
➤ realize that THC content in marijuana has risen significantly in recent years,
making the drug more potent and potentially harmful
➤ learn more about the physical consequences of marijuana use, including the
fact that marijuana damages the brain, causes memory loss and other impairments
➤ realize that there is no way to determine how much THC a single joint contains
➤ examine their own attitudes about drug use and discuss the benefits of drug abstinence
➤ understand that just because something is “natural” does not mean that it is safe
➤ practice refusal skills based on solid information about the dangers of marijuana
➤ think carefully about their goals for the future and recognize how using marijuana
can compromise those goals
➤ better understand the drug laws related to marijuana
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
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Program Summary
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers opens with two teens sharing their
experiences with marijuana. “I thought it was harmless,” says Brian. Andrew states, “As I kept
smoking more of it, I realized…I just wanted it constantly.”
A graphic of tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, appears onscreen. The narrator explains that THC is the
most powerful chemical in marijuana and one of the most potent hallucinogenic drugs in the world.
Levels of THC in today’s marijuana are higher than ever before, making marijuana stronger and
more dangerous now than in the past.
Moving to a lab setting, the program focuses on marijuana’s false reputation as a “harmless” drug.
Viewers are introduced to Dr. Bruce Phariss, a psychiatrist who specializes in addiction. Many of
Dr. Phariss’s patients need help coping with marijuana addiction—a substance they once thought
was harmless. A graphic reveals, “More than 65 percent of all teens in drug treatment are there for
marijuana dependence.”
Next, Andrew adds his own thoughts about the myths surrounding marijuana. “You see movies and
stuff,” he explains, “how it seems harmless. And it may seem harmless the first time. But the scary
part is, before you know it, you’ll get hooked.” The narrator describes how THC attaches itself to
sites in the brain called cannabinoid receptors. “When THC enters the body, it kicks off a series of
cellular reactions in the receptors that ultimately leads to the marijuana high.” Dr. Phariss explains,
“Twenty years ago we didn’t even know we had the receptors. Most of these receptors are found in
parts of the brain that influence movement, coordination, learning, memory, judgment and pleasure.”
Brian and Andrew describe how marijuana’s effects feel to a user. Brian says, “I don’t know how to
describe it. I could say groggy, light headed.”
Next, the narrator explains that marijuana’s effects on the brain are shown to increase a user’s risk
of mental diseases such as clinical depression, attention deficit disorder and even schizophrenia.
Users also face a greater risk of lung cancer because of the harmful chemicals that are inhaled into
the lungs while smoking pot. According to the narrator, “Pot smokers are inhaling tar and absorbing
carbon monoxide at three to five times the rate of cigarette smokers.” Marijuana’s effects on
coordination and reaction time also increase the risk of drugged driving accidents—which kill more
than 8,000 people each year.
The program goes on to explain that marijuana lowers a user’s short-term and long-term intelligence
level. Dr. Phariss says, “Pot will make you stupid for a day. For the first 24 hours after you smoke,
we know that there are neuro-psychological changes so your memory isn’t as good and your ability
to manipulate information in your brain is not as good as it would be if you hadn’t been smoking.”
He then describes how THC causes permanent changes in the brain’s pleasure center. With
marijuana, he says, “The pleasure center is hijacked, so you can’t experience pleasure in the same
way once you have THC stimulating the cannabinoid receptors.”
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Program Summary continued
The narrator says that, “According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the amount of THC
in marijuana has more than doubled in the last 20 years.” This change has created a faster, more
intense high and a greater risk of addiction. According to a graphic, “Researchers believe THC
concentrations will continue to climb another 50 percent before leveling off.”
Addiction, says the narrator, is the biggest danger posed by this continual rise in THC levels. Dr.
Phariss adds, “The devastation of pot addiction …is severe. Not everybody who tries marijuana will
become a marijuana addict, but some of them will. And none of us know who that’s going to be.”
The program moves on to discuss the withdrawal symptoms of marijuana addiction, including
irritability, anger, depression, headaches, restlessness and loss of appetite. Andrew talks about the
intense frustration and anger he felt during marijuana withdrawal. “It made me more isolated, and
I’d get angry if I wouldn’t get it or I’d get very depressed.”
According to Dr. Phariss, when the ability to experience pleasure is altered, things are no longer fun
or exciting. At this point, marijuana becomes the only source of relief. Eventually, even smoking
marijuana becomes boring. As Brian explains, that boredom can cause a user to smoke even more.
Next, the narrator explains why young people smoking marijuana have a greater risk of dependence
than adults. Young brains are still developing and, as a result, are more susceptible to addiction. In
addition, says the narrator, “Research shows that THC impairs thinking, reading comprehension and
verbal and math skills.” Brian and Andrew discuss how marijuana lowered their motivation levels as
well as their grades.
As the program continues, viewers learn how stronger levels of THC can play a role in serious
mental health problems, such as schizophrenia, paranoia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety.
Dr. Phariss says, “One of the bad potential side effects of the stronger pot, and I’ve certainly seen it
in my practice, is that small subset of people who actually become psychotic and have an ongoing
psychotic disorder from using pot.”
Brian talks about a friend who smoked marijuana daily and was eventually diagnosed with
schizophrenia. “When you’re high,” he says, “you’re definitely paranoid. After years of smoking,
he was…really paranoid and that’s when they diagnosed him with schizophrenia.” A graphic tells
viewers that, “Weekly or more frequent use of marijuana can double a teen’s risk of depression
and anxiety.”
The narrator goes on to describe the main reasons why THC levels are increasing. He explains that
growers have become more sophisticated about how to cultivate and raise marijuana. Dr. Phariss
says, “You don’t know what’s been mixed in to marijuana. You also don’t know the strength of
it.” Andrew talks about his experiences as a marijuana dealer. He describes mixing marijuana with
cocaine and heroin in order to increase profits. “I wouldn’t tell people,” he says. “I’d just tell them
it was good stuff, so they’d keep coming back to me.”
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
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Program Summary continued
Another graphic states, “Hospital emergency room admissions involving marijuana now surpass
admissions involving heroin.” Dr. Phariss reminds viewers than no one can predict what the effects
of marijuana will be. “Nobody has that kind of a crystal ball.”
Andrew talks about the toll that marijuana has taken on his life. “I spent over $70,000 on drugs in
six months,” he says, explaining that he now owes his mother an additional $100,000. “I crashed
four cars. I’ve been arrested, still figuring out legal stuff, being sued. And I have a heart valve that
works too fast because of drugs. And I don’t have any insurance to take care of it, so it’s what I’m
trying to fix right now.” As the program fades to black, we hear Andrew say, “And it all started
with pot.”
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STUDENT
ACTIVITIES
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 1 a
Pre/Post Test
1. More than ___ percent of teens in drug treatment are there due to their dependence
upon marijuana.
a) 25 percent
c) 65 percent
b) 50 percent
d) 75 percent
2. _________ or THC is the powerful chemical in marijuana responsible for a user’s high.
a) Tetrahydroxycodone
c) Tetraholicanibbas
b) Tetrahydrocannabinol
d) Tetraheliocannibas
3. In the brain, THC affects a great number of brain cells except for:
a) the receptors that sense pain
c) the receptors that affect coordination
b) the receptors that influence memory
d) the receptors that control learning
4. THC:
a) hijacks the pleasure center of the brain
b) dissolves the neural coating of brain cells
c) blocks nerve endings, causing a reduction in pain and other sensations
d) none of the above
5. People who smoke marijuana are inhaling _______ times as much tar and carbon monoxide
as cigarette smokers.
a) one to two times
c) three to five times
b) two to four times
d) ten or more times
6. In the past 20 years, the amount of THC in marijuana has:
a) remained more or less the same
c) risen by more than 50 percent
b) risen by more than 10 percent
d) risen by more than 200 percent
7. More than ____ different chemicals enter the body when a person smokes marijuana.
a) 4
c) 400
b) 40
d) 4,000
8. Research has proven that, over time, marijuana can cause the user:
a)
b)
c)
d)
to have an increased risk of mental problems such as clinical depression, attention
deficit disorder and schizophrenia
to suffer from out-of-body experiences and hallucinations
to lose the ability to sleep at regular intervals
all of the above
The Answer Key for this activity appears on the next page.
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The New Marijjuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 1 b
Pre/Post Test
Answer Key
1. c)
2. b)
3. a)
4. a)
5. c)
6. d)
7. c)
8. a)
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 2 a
The Name Game
Over the decades, marijuana has developed a vast assortment of nicknames. Below is a list of slang
names that may or may not apply to marijuana.
PART ONE: Cross out any names or phrases on the list that are not related to marijuana.
pot
shaft
chronic
candy
herb
doobie
juice
horse
blow
bud
dro
green
ganja
crank
haze
ice
huff
Mary Jane
headies
grass
weed
mellow yellow
sticky icky
420
Buddha
dank
Northern lights
Florida snow
PART TWO: Choose three nicknames that you feel are especially misleading when it comes to the
truth about marijuana’s dangers. For each one, explain why you find the slang term to be misleading.
1. The slang term _ _____________________________________________ is misleading because:
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The slang term _ _____________________________________________ is misleading because:
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The slang term _ _____________________________________________ is misleading because:
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Answer Key for this activity appears on the next page.
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 2 b
The Name Game
Answer Key
pot
shaft
chronic
candy
herb
doobie
juice
horse
blow
bud
dro
green
ganja
crank
haze
ice
huff
Mary Jane
headies
grass
weed
mellow yellow
sticky icky
420
Buddha
dank
Northern lights
Florida snow
Examples of why some names are misleading:
Buddha—this name implies enlightenment or spirituality.
Herb—this name sounds natural and not the least bit harmful.
Grass—this name sounds natural and not the least bit harmful.
Green—this name sounds natural and not the least bit harmful.
Northern lights—this term implies a beautiful visual experience.
Mary Jane—this name suggests innocence.
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 3
The Long Arm of the Law
Across the United States, the law is clear: marijuana is illegal to possess, sell or use.
Even so, many misconceptions and false rumors continue to exist about marijuana and the law.
For this activity, research local drug laws in your state. Rewrite each statement below using correct
information that you uncover. Use the back of this page if you need more space. It may help to
contact a law enforcement officer involved with drug education or your local sheriff’s office.
RUMOR HAS IT:
THE TRUTH IS:
You can’t get busted for marijuana if
you’re smoking it in the privacy of
your own home.
If you get caught smoking pot at a
friend’s house, he/she will be held
legally responsible, not you.
If you have been smoking marijuana,
you can’t get arrested if you don’t
have it in your possession when the
police arrive.
If you are convicted of drug possession
as a minor, it will be erased from your
permanent record when you turn 21.
If you get caught smoking pot at
your home, your parents cannot be
legally punished.
You cannot be prosecuted if you are
caught with paraphernalia such as a
bong or a pipe for smoking marijuana.
Most police officers will not arrest
you for possession of a small amount
of marijuana—a half-ounce or less.
You cannot be charged with “possession
with intent to distribute or sell” unless
you are caught with more than eight
ounces of marijuana.
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 4
The People vs. Marijuana
For this activity, imagine you are a lawyer. You are about to go to court to argue the biggest case of
your career. The lawyer for the opposing side represents MJ Incorporated, a powerful drug company
that is lobbying to legalize the sale of marijuana in the United States. Your assignment is to argue
against legalization of marijuana.
Each statement below is something you can expect your opponent to argue in court (or a friend to
say at a party). Gather science-based evidence to oppose each statement. Use information from The
New Marijuana video, the Internet or library resources to support your arguments. When you are
finished, consult The Evidence Against Marijuana fact sheet for more information.
1. “Marijuana is a completely natural product that has been used for centuries.”
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.
“Marijuana isn’t addictive like other drugs.”
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3.
“Marijuana smoke is safer than cigarette smoke, and cigarettes are legal.”
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4.
“Marijuana makes people so mellow that they’re less likely to get into trouble.”
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5.
“Marijuana can be used for medical purposes in ways that other drugs cannot.”
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6.
“If the risks of smoking marijuana were that high, we would know about them by now.”
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 5 a
Research Project
Research one of the topics from the list below and write a brief paper on your findings. You can
gather information at your school or local library or on the Internet. Use a Resource Tracker to keep
track of your sources.
Marijuana and Psychological Disorders
What does new evidence say about marijuana and depression? Does smoking
marijuana increase a person’s risk of schizophrenia? Why are young people at an
even greater risk of developing psychological disorders from marijuana use?
The Battle to Legalize Marijuana
What are the arguments for the legalization of marijuana? Why are those supporting
legalization skeptical of medical research involving the risks of marijuana? What do
scientific experts think about the possible health effects of a legalized marijuana trade?
Marijuana Addiction
Researchers are learning more about brain chemistry and addiction as they use advanced
techniques. What have we learned about how marijuana affects the brain of a user?
How does THC work inside the brain? Is marijuana physically addictive? Is it
psychologically addictive?
Marijuana and the Brain
How does marijuana affect the brain of a young person? What are the short-term and
long-term effects? What kind of effects will a heavy pot smoker experience? How long
does it take for these effects to show up? What can be done after the brain has
been affected by marijuana?
New Risks
How much higher are levels of THC today than in the 1960s and 70s? What are the
physical and mental side effects of this stronger THC? How do these risks contradict
pot’s reputation as a safe, mellow drug? Why is this reputation especially dangerous?
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 5 b
Resource Tracker
Title of book or article:
______________________________________
______________________________________
Title of book or article:
______________________________________
______________________________________
Author(s):
______________________________________
______________________________________
Author(s):
______________________________________
______________________________________
Published by / URL:
______________________________________
Published by / URL:
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Copyright date:
______________________________________
Copyright date:
______________________________________
Subject covered:
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Subject covered:
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Quote(s):
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Quote(s):
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Notes:
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Notes:
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 6
Know the Answers
Imagine yourself in a situation where someone is trying to convince you to smoke marijuana. Below
is a list of arguments that the person might make to persuade you. For each statement, write a
counter-argument that you can use to support your reasons for not trying pot. When you are finished,
compare your answers to those on the You Say fact sheet.
1. “It will expand your mind, I swear.”_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
2. “It can’t hurt to try it once.”_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
3. “Do you want to be the type of person who always follows the rules?”_ ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
4.
“Nobody ever gets arrested for smoking a little bit of pot. Even if you do get caught, it’s a
slap on the wrist at worst.”________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
5. “I’m not talking about the cheap stuff—this weed is super-fine. I got it from my cousin.”
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
6. “Your parents probably smoked pot when they were your age.”___________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
7. “How do you know you won’t like it if you won’t try it?”________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. “Every famous musician since the Beatles has smoked pot.”_ ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 7
Class Debate
Choose an opinion for each topic below and write your reasons for supporting that opinion. Then use
your reasons in a class debate on the subject.
Marijuana should remain illegal.
Agree or Disagree: _________________________________
Reasons: ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Marijuana’s reputation as a harmless drug makes it
even more dangerous than some other illegal drugs.
Agree or Disagree: _________________________________
Reasons: ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Scientific research concerning marijuana is usually biased
by the researcher’s personal opinion about legalization.
Agree or Disagree: _________________________________
Reasons: ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Human Relations Media
16
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
Addiction occurs when
the brain’s chemistry is
altered by a substance—
whether it’s alcohol,
tobacco or illegal drugs
like marijuana. Nora
Volkow, Director of the
National Institute on
Drug Abuse, has stated,
“Particularly worrisome
is the possibility that the
more potent THC might
be more effective at
triggering the changes in
the brain that can lead to
addiction. More research
is needed to establish
this link between higher
THC potency and higher
addiction risk.”
Each of the facts below
describes the dangers of
marijuana use and the
brain. Imagine that you
must explain these facts
to your eight-year-old
cousin. Rewrite each
statement below using
easy-to-understand
language. You may want
to use a dictionary to
define unfamiliar words.
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse,
National Institutes of Health.
Human Relations Media
A ctivity 8
In Simple Terms
1. The brain’s frontal lobes are responsible for planning,
problem-solving and decision-making. These lobes are still
not fully developed in teenagers, making teens more likely
to indulge in risky behavior such as using marijuana without
considering the consequences.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. Using drugs such as marijuana causes a release of the
neurotransmitter dopamine in the reward pathway of the brain,
leading to a very pleasurable feeling.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3. In the brain, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) connects to
specific sites on nerve cells called “cannabinoid receptors”
and influences the way those cells function.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. Certain drugs reduce the number of dopamine receptors in the
brain, making it more difficult to feel pleasure from normally
pleasurable activities without the drug.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5. Chronic drug use alters not only the reward pathway, but also
the reward pathway’s ability to respond to drugs.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6. Certain “triggers,” or things associated with a drug, make a
person dependent upon drugs experience intense cravings by
causing a release of dopamine in the brain.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
17
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
A ctivity 9
Toni’s Story
New research shows that marijuana can seriously damage brain function. But that’s only the
beginning. Marijuana smokers put themselves at risk in many ways. Choose one of the statistics
below and use it to create a scenario involving a 16-year-old named Toni. In the space below, tell
Toni’s story using your imagination and what you know about marijuana.
FACT: Teens who use marijuana before age 12 double the chance that they will develop
a serious mental illness as an adult.
FACT: Teens who used marijuana in the past month are twice as likely to get into serious
fights and nearly four times as likely to seriously attack someone.
FACT: Teens who smoke marijuana are more than five times more likely to steal
something valued at more than 50 dollars.
FACT: A new study suggests that teens who smoke pot are more than 25 times more
likely to use other drugs like cocaine, heroin, meth, LSD or ecstasy than teens
who have never used marijuana.
FACT: Teens who used marijuana in the past month are nearly three times as likely to
get a grade of D or lower than those who had not smoked marijuana.
Sources: The Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University; National Survey on Drug Use & Health.
TONI’S STORY: _____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Human Relations Media
18
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
FACT
SHEETS
Name: _____________________________________
F act S heet 1
Marijuana Facts
Common Names
pot
dope
grass
weed
Mary Jane
chronic
Short-Term Effects
reefer
ganja
doobie
Long-Term Effects
➤ increased appetite
➤ greater risk of head and throat cancer
➤ distorted perception of reality
➤ decrease in testosterone levels for men
➤ bloodshot eyes
➤ decreased fertility in men
➤ dry mouth and throat
➤ increase in testosterone levels for women
➤ difficulty keeping track of time
➤ psychological dependence requiring more
➤ impaired short-term memory
of the drug to get the same effect
➤ weight gain due to increased appetite
➤ paranoia and anxiety
➤ body’s immune system is weakened
➤ unable to perform tasks requiring concentration
➤ possible increased risk of depression or
➤ undependable and irresponsible behavior
➤ loss of physical and mental motivation
other mental illness
Other Facts
➤ Marijuana smoke contains 20 times more
➤ In all 50 states, it is illegal to use, buy, sell
of the toxic compound ammonia than
tobacco smoke.
➤ In 1960, an average marijuana joint
➤ Marijuana interferes with the messages going
contained less than one percent of THC
(the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana).
Today, the level of THC in an average joint
is around nine percent—but can even be as
high as 30 percent.
to your brain and alters your perceptions,
emotions, vision, hearing and coordination.
➤ After alcohol, marijuana is the second most
frequently detected substance among drivers
in traffic arrests and vehicular fatalities.
➤ More THC means more side effects for
users—side effects such as impaired brain
responses, fatigue, loss of motivation and
decreased memory function.
➤ A person may inhale three times the amount
of tar when smoking a marijuana cigarette
than when smoking a tobacco cigarette.
Human Relations Media
or carry marijuana.
19
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
F act S heet 2 a
Marijuana Q & As
Q Are there different kinds of marijuana?
is a green, brown or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems,
A Marijuana
seeds and flowers of the hemp plant. Sinsemilla (sin-seh-me-yah), hashish
(“hash” for short) and hash oil are stronger forms of marijuana. All forms of
marijuana are mind-altering. In other words, they change how the brain works.
Q Can marijuana really harm your health?
so far show that regular use of marijuana contributes to problems with the
A Findings
respiratory and immune systems and may play a role in some kinds of cancer. People
who smoke marijuana regularly suffer the same ailments that cigarette smokers do:
coughing, wheezing, increased phlegm and more frequent chest colds. Studies have
shown that pot smokers inhale three times more tar and absorb three times more
carbon monoxide than cigarette smokers. In addition, smoking one marijuana joint
resulted in the same amount of lung airflow obstruction as smoking two-and-a-half to
five tobacco cigarettes. This may be because marijuana smokers tend to inhale more
deeply and hold smoke in the lungs longer than cigarette smokers.
Marijuana smoke contains many carcinogenic materials. While no studies have
definitively linked marijuana to cancer, it has been discovered that people who smoke
marijuana have an increased risk of developing cancer of the head, neck, respiratory
tract, lungs, kidney and bladder. For example, a 2008 study found that smoking one
joint per day may be as carcinogenic to the lungs as smoking a full pack of tobacco
cigarettes every day.
Furthermore, animal studies have found that THC can damage the cells and tissues in
the body that help protect against disease. This means smoking marijuana can decrease
your immune system. A 2008 National Institutes of Health study found that heavy,
long-term marijuana smokers might be at an increased risk for heart attack and stroke.
Q How long does marijuana stay in the user’s body?
in marijuana is absorbed by fatty tissues in various organs. Generally, traces
A THC
(metabolites) of THC can be detected by standard urine testing methods several days
after a smoking session. However, in heavy users, traces of THC can be detected for
weeks—or even months—after they have stopped using marijuana.
This fact sheet is continued on the next page.
Human Relations Media
20
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
F act S heet 2 b
Marijuana Q & As
Q How many teens smoke marijuana?
to popular belief, most teenagers have not used marijuana and never
A Contrary
will. Among students surveyed in a yearly national survey, 12.5 percent of high
school students report that they are current marijuana users (that is, have used
marijuana within the past month). Fewer than one in five high school seniors is a
current marijuana user. Over 83 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds have never even
tried marijuana.
Q How does marijuana affect your brain?
interferes with parts of the brain that are critical for learning and memory.
A THC
Research has shown that smoking marijuana frequently can lower math and verbal
expression skills and impairs attention, memory and learning skills up to 24 hours
after taking the drug. THC also blocks the region of the brain that stores new
information in the memory, making it difficult to learn new things while high.
Heavy users display trouble paying attention and registering, organizing and using
information. Marijuana is also linked to poor academic performance—users get
lower grades and are less likely to graduate from high school than nonusers.
Q Does marijuana affect sports performance or driving skills?
decreases alertness, increases reaction time, impairs coordination and the
A Marijuana
ability to concentrate—skills essential for both athletes and drivers. These effects
last up to 24 hours after smoking pot. One study discovered that people under the
influence of marijuana display the same lack of coordination on standard intoxication
tests as people who have been drinking alcohol.
Human Relations Media
21
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
The Claim:
“Marijuana is a completely
natural product that has
been used for centuries.”
“Marijuana isn’t addictive
like other drugs.”
“Marijuana smoke is safer
than cigarette smoke, and
cigarettes are legal.”
“Marijuana makes people
so mellow, they’re less
likely to get into trouble.”
“Marijuana can be used for
medical purposes in ways
that other drugs cannot.”
“If the risks of marijuana
were that high, we would
know about them by now.”
Human Relations Media
F act S heet 3
The Evidence Against
Marijuana
The Truth:
Just because something is “natural” doesn’t mean it’s safe to
smoke or ingest. Heroin, cocaine, cyanide and strychnine are
all harmful substances made from naturally occurring plants.
Also, growing techniques have made today’s marijuana much
stronger than the pot smoked in previous generations.
The latest research shows that you can become dependent
on marijuana. As with users of other drugs, those who are
dependent on marijuana will continue to use the drug, despite
negative effects their use has on their family, friends, school
and work. People who regularly smoke pot have various
withdrawal symptoms similar in frequency and intensity to
those experienced from tobacco withdrawal, including drug
cravings, decreased appetite, nervousness, irritability, stomach
pain, aggression and anxiety.
Marijuana contains the same cancer-causing chemicals as
tobacco and at higher concentrations. The amount of tar inhaled
by marijuana smokers and the level of carbon monoxide
absorbed are three times greater than that of tobacco smokers.
Unlike the pot of the 1960s, today’s marijuana has higher levels
of THC that can lead to anxiety, panic attacks, depression and
paranoia. Marijuana also impairs judgment and makes a person
more likely to make bad decisions that lead to trouble. Teens
who are regular marijuana users are more likely to engage in
crime, violent acts and suicide.
Doctors have found no conclusive evidence proving the medical
benefits of marijuana over other drugs. Every medical use of
marijuana can be derived from other drugs with fewer side effects.
For example, using marijuana to treat nausea in cancer patients
is dangerous because marijuana contains cancer-causing
ingredients and it lowers the body’s ability to fight disease.
Much of the research related to marijuana’s long-term effects
has occurred in the last few years. In addition, many people who
smoked pot frequently in the 1960s and 1970s are only now
experiencing serious side effects. In addition, specific effects
on adolescents have only recently been studied carefully.
22
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
Higher levels of THC
have only been around
for a little over a
decade. It’s still
impossible to know
all of the long-term
dangers that can
result from such high
levels of THC in the
body over time.
F act S heet 4
Marijuana Today
and Tomorrow
What We Know:
A single marijuana joint may contain as much lung cancercausing material as a pack of tobacco cigarettes.
Compared to nonsmokers, long-term marijuana smokers have a
much greater rate of pre-cancerous cell changes.
THC, the main ingredient in marijuana, has been shown to
lower the body’s ability to fight diseases and cancerous tumors.
Lung tissue taken from marijuana smokers has been proven to
be very limited in fighting bacteria and tumor cells. This not
only puts marijuana smokers at a greater risk for cancer, but
also for lung diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
The beneficial effects of marijuana as a medicine have not
been proven. However, even if benefits are shown, marijuana’s
effects on the immune system make it risky for patients with
cancer and AIDS.
What We Have Yet to Learn:
Recent advances in technology have only recently provided evidence of the changes that take place
in the lungs and brains of marijuana smokers.
It takes years for some marijuana-related cancers to develop enough to produce symptoms. Because
heavy, widespread use of marijuana did not begin until the late 1960s, some of these cancers are just
now being seen.
Researchers theorize that more potent THC might be more effective at triggering the changes in
the brain that can lead to addiction. As THC levels in marijuana increase, the possibility of mental
health issues also rise significantly.
Human Relations Media
23
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
F act S heet 5
Marijuana Behind the Wheel
M
arijuana can affect a driver’s attentiveness, concentration, coordination and perception
of time and speed. Marijuana reduces many of the necessary driving skills such as
concentration, depth perception, coordination and reaction time. These effects can last for up
to 24 hours after smoking marijuana. Research indicates that marijuana is the most prevalent
illegal drug detected in impaired drivers, fatally injured drivers and motor vehicle crash victims.
Read on to learn more about why marijuana and driving don’t mix….
➤ According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, approximately 14 percent of
fatally injured drivers in car crashes have marijuana in their blood.
www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/research/StateofKnwlegeDrugs/StateofKnwlegeDrugs/index.html
➤ According to the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 9.9 million people age 12 and
older reported driving under the influence of illicit drugs, including marijuana, in the past year.
www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k7nsduh/2k7Results.cfm#2.15
➤ NIDA’s 2006 Monitoring the Future survey indicated that 23 percent of high school seniors
admitted to driving under the influence of marijuana or riding with a driver who had smoked
marijuana in the two weeks prior to the survey.
http://druggeddriving.org/duid/monitoring_druggeddriving01-6.pdf
➤ In 2001, an estimated 46,000 high school seniors in the US reported that they had been the driver
in a car crash while impaired by alcohol, and another 38,000 reported that they had been the
driver in a car crash while driving under the influence of marijuana.
http://www.freevibe.com/Drug_Facts/steerclear.asp#7
➤ In 2007, the highest rates of illicit drug use are found among youth ages 18 to 22 (between 20
and 23 percent), with marijuana being the most commonly used illicit drug.
➤ Marijuana use impairs driving performance, including decreased car handling ability, impaired
time and distance estimation, subjective sleepiness, and lack of motor coordination, for up to
approximately three hours. http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/research/job185drugs/cannabis.htm
➤ Recent use of marijuana increases the risk of being in a motor vehicle accident. This risk
increases with the amount of marijuana smoked before driving.
Ramaekers, Berghaus, van Laar, Drummer, “Dose related risk of motor vehicle
crashes after cannabis use,” Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 73(2):109-119, 2004.
➤ Mixing alcohol and marijuana produces driving impairments greater than using either drug on its
own, dramatically increasing the risk of accident from driving under the influence of both substances.
Sewell, Poling, Sofuoglu, “The effect of cannabis compared with alcohol on driving,”
Am J Addict 18(3):185-193, 2009.
Human Relations Media
24
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
If Your Friend Says:
F act S heet 6
You Say
You Say:
“I’m a better driver
when I smoke pot.”
“Marijuana affects the skills needed for safe driving:
alertness, concentration, coordination and reaction time.
You only think you’re driving more safely because
you’re stoned.”
“It’s just one joint.”
“Even after users stop feeling the effects of marijuana,
THC can linger in the body for weeks. That means even
one joint can be detected by a standard drug test long
after its initial use.”
“Marijuana helps
“Unlike the pot of the 1960s, today’s marijuana has
higher levels of THC that can lead to anxiety, panic
attacks, depression and paranoia.”
“Pot helps you feel
more confident.”
“Marijuana cannot change your image. Using a drug
does not instantly make anyone funnier, better looking
or more interesting.”
“Marijuana is safer
than other drugs.”
“New studies have linked marijuana use to brain damage,
certain types of cancer, a weakened immune system and
stroke. Also, when you use marijuana or any drug, you
increase your risk of being involved in a deadly car crash,
a violent crime, an unwanted pregnancy or contracting a
sexually transmitted disease like AIDS.”
people calm down in
social situations.”
“Marijuana is not addictive.”
Human Relations Media
“Thousands of young people go into treatment for
marijuana dependency each year.”
25
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
F act S heet 7
Learning More
For more information about marijuana and its harmful effects,
check out these websites:
American Council for Drug Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.acde.org
The American Council for Drug Education is a substance abuse prevention and education
agency that develops programs and materials based on the most current scientific research on
drug use and its impact on society.
Freevibe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.freevibe.com
This interesting site informs teens about the real effects of drugs and how to get help.
Brought to you by the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign.
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.health.org
NCADI is the world’s largest resource for current information and materials concerning
substance abuse.
Parents’ Resource Institute for Drug Education (PRIDE). . . . . . . www.prideyouthprograms.org
PRIDE is the largest and oldest organization in the nation devoted to freeing young people
from the threat of drugs and violence.
The Truth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.thetruth.com
This campaign was developed by teens from all over the country. With help from ad
agencies, The Truth is coming up with marketing ideas and events designed to inform youth
about the dangers of drugs. Drug awareness ads, concerts and speaking campaigns are just
some of the projects undertaken by the campaign.
And don’t forget…
National Institute on Drug Abuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.nida.nih.gov
Partnership for a Drug-Free America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.drugfreeamerica.org
Human Relations Media
26
The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
Name: _____________________________________
F act S heet 8
Bibliography
Johnston, L. D., P.M. O’Malley, J.G. Bachman and J.E. Schulenberg. Monitoring the Future
National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2007. NIH
Publication No. 08-6418. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2008.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse, Volume I:
Highlights and Executive Summary. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Marijuana: Facts for Teens. www.nida.nih.gov.
Revised March 2008.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know.
www.nida.nih.gov. Revised August 2007.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). NIDA InfoFax on Marijuana. www.nida.nih.gov.
SAMHSA. National Survey on Drug Use & Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, 2008.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Emergency
Department Trends from DAWN: Final Estimates 1995-2008. DAWN Series D-24; DHHS
Pub. No. (SMA) 03-3780. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2008.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Results
from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings NSDUH Series
H-34, DHHS Publication No. SMA 08-4343. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2008.
Zhu, L.X., S. Sharma, M. Stolina, B. Gardner, M.D. Roth, D.P. Tashkin and S.M. Dubinett. “Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits Antitumor Immunity by a CB2 Receptor-Mediated,
Cytokine-Dependent Pathway.” The Journal of Immunology, 2009.
Human Relations Media
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers
T he N ew M arijuana : H igher P otency , G reater D angers
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The New Marijuana: Higher Potency, Greater Dangers