SOUTHVALLEYDATAATLAS
PreparedforLaReddelRioAbajo
Ma12,2016
NMEVALUATIONLAB
UniversityofNewMexico
SouthValleyDataAtlas
INTRODUCTION
ThemainobjectiveofthisearlydevelopmentalevaluationforLaRedistoprovideasocialand
demographicsnapshotofAlbuquerque’sSouthValley.Thedatatellastoryofcommunity
strengthsandchallenges.Wehopethatacompilationofthesestrengthsandchallengeswill
helpLaRedorganizationsdocumentthecontextinwhichtheywork.PerhapstheAtlaswillalso
incubateideasfornewwaystomobilizethecommunity.
ANOTEABOUTTHEDATA
MostoftheinformationwereportiscollectedbytheUnitedStatesCensusBureau.TheCensus
Bureaucollectsinformationfrommorethan3millionresidenceseveryyearthroughits
AmericanCommunitySurvey(ACS).TheACShasreplacedthe“longform”ofthedecennial
Census,providingthesamedata,butmorefrequently.
Sinceonlyasmallpercentageofhouseholdsaresurveyedinanygivenyear,thedataavailable
forsmallgeographiesareforafive-yearperiod.Thislongertimeframeensuresthat
informationiscollectedfromenoughhouseholdssothatthecommunityisfaithfully
represented.WeusethemostrecentavailableACSdata,whichareforthe2010-2014period.
Byahappycoincidence,the87105zipcodedefinestheSouthValleyverywell,anddatabyzip
codecanbereadilyaccessedthroughtheCensusBureau’sAmericanFactFindertool
http://factfinder.census.gov.
AlthoughtheACSisagreatsourceofdata,thereareafewlimitationstoconsider.First,any
officialsurveymostsurelyundercountsundocumentedimmigrants.AlthoughtheACSpromises
anonymity,anddoesnotaskquestionsaboutimmigrationstatus,thosewhoprefertostay“off
theradar”arelikelyreluctanttorespondtoadetailedsurvey.ThedatareportedbytheACS
accountfornon-respondingunitsbyincreasingthe“weight”ofrespondingunits.This
techniquewillprovideagoodestimateofcommunitycharacteristicsonlyifnon-responding
unitsareverysimilartorespondingunits.
If,asislikely,non-respondingunitsaremateriallyandsociallydisadvantaged,thedatawill
overestimatecommunitywell-being.Itisthereforereasonabletointerpretthereporteddata
asanupperboundofwell-being;realwell-beingisprobablysomewhatlower.
Inthe“SouthValleyNumbers”section,wealsoprovideanadjustedestimateofthesizeofthe
immigrantcommunity,basedonthemethodsusedbythePewResearchCenter,awellrespectedsourceofinformationontheHispanicpopulationintheUnitedStates.
Second,theACSdoesnotcollectdataonmanycharacteristicsthatmanypeoplewould
considerimportanttotheirwell-being.Therearenodirectmeasuresofhealth,job
opportunities,educationalquality,leisuretimeactivitiesorcommunityengagement.We
encourageLaRedtocompilealistofadditionalmeasuresofcommunitywell-being.This
exercisecouldleadtodatacollectionfromothersources,ortothedevelopmentoforiginal
datacollectioninstruments.
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OurotherdatasourceistheNewMexicoIndicatorBasedInformationSystem(NM-IBIS)
<https://ibis.health.state.nm.us>.NM-IBISisacollectionofhealthdataprovidedbythe
NewMexicoDepartmentofHealth.Unfortunately,muchofthedetailedhealthinformationin
NM-IBISisnotavailableatthesub-countylevel.Thispreventsusfromcapturingadultand
youthriskbehaviors,accesstoprenatalcare,maternaldepressionandotherpotentiallyuseful
informationforSouthValleyresidents.
ThedatawecanprovidefortheSouthValleyisreportedby“SmallAreas,”andincludes
informationdrawnfrombirthanddeathrecords.
Weusethemostrecentdataavailablefromthissource.AswiththeACSatthezipcodelevel,
datareportedforSmallAreasaggregatesfiveyearperiodsinordertoimproveaccuracy.A
disadvantageofthisaggregationisthattheinformationreflectslessrecentconditions.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
LISTOFFIGURES
A.PEOPLE
Race,HispanicOrigin,LanguageandImmigration
Figurea1.HispanicorLatinoOrigin
Figurea2.Otherraceidentities
Figurea3.LanguageotherthanEnglishspokenathomeforthose5yearsofage
andolder
Figurea4.ResidentswhospeakEnglishlessthan“verywell”
Figurea5.Immigrationandcitizenship
Agedistribution
Figurea6.Medianage
Figurea7.Agedistribution
Figurea8.Childdependencyratio(thenumberofchildren0-17yearsper100
working-ageadults18-64years)
Educationandearnings
Figurea9.Enrollmentratesforpre-schoolersandolderteens
Figurea10.Educationalattainmentforadults25yearsandolder
Figurea11.Youngadults(18-24years)withahighschoolcredential,bygender
Figurea12.Medianearningsbyeducationalattainment
Figurea13.Povertyratesforadultswithoutahighschoolcredential
Workforce(employment,occupation,disability)
Figurea14.Percentofcivilianpopulation16yearsandolderemployed,
unemployedandnotinlaborforce
Figurea15.Householdsreceivingdisabilityincome
Figurea16.Self-employedworkerswhosebusinessesarenotincorporated
Figurea17.Occupationaldistribution
Figurea18.Medianearningsforworkers25yearsandolder
Olderadults
Figurea19.Adults65yearsandolderanddisabilities
Figurea20.Poverty(darkersegment)andnearpoverty(lightersegment)for
adults65andolder
Figurea21.Adults65yearsandolderwithFoodstamp/SNAPbenefits
Figurea22.Homeownershipforadults65yearsandolder
B.HOUSEHOLDS,FAMILIESANDCHILDREN
Figureb1.Householdsize
Figureb2.Householdtype
Figureb3.Medianhouseholdincome
Figureb4.Povertyratesforfamilieswithchildrenundertheageof18
Figureb5.Childrenbyhouseholdtype
Figureb6.Childreninhouseholdsnotheadedbytheirparents
Figureb7.Theroleofgrandparents
Figureb8.Children,publicassistanceandpoverty
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LISTOFFIGURES,continued
C.TRANSPORTATIONANDHOUSING
Transportation
Figurec1.Householdswithnocaravailable
Figurec2.Commutingtimes
Figurec3.Gettingtowork
Housing
Figurec4.Proportionofhousingbuiltineachdecadefrompre1940topresent
Figurec5.Yearsinsamehome
Figurec6.Homeownership
Figurec7.Homevalues
Figurec8.Medianhomevalues
Figurec9.Owneroccupiedunitswithoutmortgages
Figurec10.Medianmonthlyhousingcostsforhomeowners
Figurec11.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofhomeowners’income
Figurec12.Medianrent
Figurec13.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofrenters’income
D.HEALTH
Figured1.Birthweightandteenbirths
Figured2.Lifeexpectancyatbirth
Figured3.DeathsbyCauseper100,000Population(Age-adjusted)
Figured4.Deathsper100,000population,bycausesrelatedtobehavioral
health
Figured5.Percentwithouthealthinsurance
APPENDIX
I.SouthValleyDataGeography
II.CorrectionforUndercountofUndocumentedImmigrants
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A.PEOPLE
Alldatainthissectionarefromthe2010-2014AmericanCommunitySurvey.
Race,HispanicorLatinoOrigin,LanguageandImmigration
Figurea1.HispanicorLatinoOrigin
79.9%
STRENGTH:
A Hispanic
and Latino
community
with a rich
cultural
heritage
62.8%
47.3%
41.3%
16.9%
13.9%
White,non-Hispanic
HispanicorLajno(anyrace)
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
80%ofSouthValleyresidentsareofHispanicorLatinoorigin...
Figurea2.Otherraceidentities
12.6%
4.2% 4.4%
3.3%
1.7%
Black
5.0%
2.6%
0.8%
0.4%
AmericanIndian
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
Asian
SouthValley
...andveryfewidentifyasblackorAfricanAmerican,especiallywhencomparedwiththerest
oftheUnitedStatesandAlbuquerque.4.4%identifyasAmericanIndian,aboutthesameasin
Albuquerque,andmorethanfivetimestherepresentationintheUnitedStatesasawhole.The
SouthValleyishometorelativelyfewAsianpeople.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Intermsofnumbers,thereare57,878SouthValleyresidents.
46,245areHispanicorLatino,anyrace
8,045arewhite,non-Hispanic
2,547areAmericanIndian
984areBlack
232areAsian
(Totalismorethan57,878sincesomeAmericanIndians,BlacksandAsiansmayalsobe
Hispanic)
Figurea3.LanguageotherthanEnglishspokenathomeforthose5yearsofageandolder
68.1%
STRENGTH:
55.1%
Bilingualism
30.8%
29.9%
20.9%
14.5%
Populajon5yearsandolder
UnitedStates
Adults65yearsandolder
Albuquerque
SouthValley
MorethanhalfofSouthValleyresidentsspeakalanguageotherthanEnglish(presumably
Spanish)athome.Thiscontrastswith30%ofAlbuquerqueresidentsand21%ofUnitedStates
residents.OlderSouthValleyresidentsaremorelikelytospeakSpanishathomethantheir
youngerneighbors.ThispatternsuggestsapotentiallossoftheSpanishlanguageforresidents
whosefamilieshavebeeninNewMexicoforhundredsofyears.FortheUnitedStatesasa
whole,youngerresidentsaremorelikelytospeakalanguageotherthanEnglishathome.
Intermsofnumbers,thereare29,818SpanishspeakersintheSouthValley,and5,265ofthem
are65andolder.
2 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
Figurea4.ResidentswhospeakEnglishlessthan“verywell”
CHALLENGE:
20.4%
Bilingualism
16.5%
8.6%
8.5%
7.9%
Populajon5yearsandolder
UnitedStates
8.8%
Adults65yearsandolder
Albuquerque
SouthValley
17%ofSouthValleyresidents(8,929people)and20%ofolderSouthValleyresidents(1,577
people)arenotcompletelycomfortablespeakingEnglish.Theseratesaremuchhigherthan
theratesforAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates,andsuggestaneedforbilingualeducation
andforhealthandsocialservicesproviderswhospeakSpanish.
Figurea5.Immigrationandcitizenship
STRENGTH:
16.6%
Diversity
13.1%
12.0%
10.7%
7.1%
Immigrant
UnitedStates
CHALLENGE:
6.8%
Legal
status and
access to
services
Notacijzen
Albuquerque
SouthValley
TheSouthValleyishometoagreatershareofimmigrantsthanisAlbuquerqueortheUnited
Statesasawhole.17%ofSouthValleyresidentsareimmigrants,comparedwith11%in
Albuquerqueand13%intheUnitedStates.12%ofSouthValleyresidentsarenotcitizens,
comparedwith7%inAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.Thesepercentagesriseonlyslightly
whenweaccountfortheestimatedundercountofundocumentedimmigrants.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Intermsofnumbers,theSouthValleyishometo9,965immigrantsofwhom7,292arenot
citizens.ThesenumbersreflectacorrectionusedbythePewResearchCenter.Pewestimates
that15%ofundocumentedimmigrantsaremissedbytheCensus.Sinceabout28%of
immigrantsareundocumented,theundercountforimmigrantsisabout4%(=28%X15%).See
theappendixfordetails.
Age
Figurea6.Medianage
37.4
UnitedStates
35.6
36.7
Albuquerque
SouthValley
ThemedianageintheSouthValleyisaboutoneyearhigherthaninAlbuquerque,andalittle
lessthanayearlowerthanintheUnitedStatesasawhole.
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Figurea7.Agedistribution
24%
STRENGTH:
Relative
abundance
of wise
elders
16%
8%
0%
Under5
years
5to14
years
15to19
years
UnitedStates
20to34
years
Albuquerque
35to49
years
50to65
years
65years
andover
SouthValley
Schoolagechildrenandteensareover-representedintheSouthValley,relativeto
AlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates,andyoungadults(inthe20-34agebracket)areunderrepresented.Thedistributionofadults50yearsofageandolderisaboutthesameinthe
SouthValleyandtheUnitedStates,andslightlyhigherthaninAlbuquerque.
TheSouthValleyagedistributionandnumberofpeopleineachagecategoryareasfollows:
SouthValleyResidents
Under5years
5to14years
15to19years
20to34years
35to49years
50to65years
65yearsandover
Allagegroups
Percent
Number
6.5%
3,762
14.1%
8,161
8.0%
4,630
19.1% 11,055
19.3% 11,170
19.6% 11,344
13.4%
7,756
100.0% 57,878
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figurea8.Childdependencyratio,whichisthenumberofchildren(0-17years)per100
working-ageadults(18-64years)
CHALLENGE:
41.6
37.4
37.1
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
Fewer
workers
per
dependent
child
SouthValley
Thechilddependencyratioreflectstheratioofdependentchildrentotheworkingage
population.TheSouthValleyhasahigherchilddependencyratiothanAlbuquerqueandthe
UnitedStates.Therelativeshortageofyoungadultsalsocontributestothehigherratio.
Education
Figurea9.Enrollmentratesforpre-schoolersandolderteens
75.3%
75.8%
CHALLENGE:
61.6%
Too few
young
children
and older
teens in
school
47.4%
40.8%
36.6%
3and4years
UnitedStates
18and19years
Albuquerque
SouthValley
Pre-schoolenrollmentfor3and4year-oldsintheSouthValleyismorethan10percentage
pointsbelowtheUnitedStatesaverage,anditis4percentagepointsbelowtheAlbuquerque
average.Attheotherendofchildhood,schoolenrollmentfor18and19year-oldsis10
percentagepointsbelowtheUnitedStatesaverageand12percentagepointsbelowthe
Albuquerqueaverage.
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Figurea10.Educationalattainmentforadults25yearsandolder
86.3%
88.9%
CHALLENGE:
72.8%
29.3%
Incomplete
education
for many
. . .
33.2%
12.7%
Highschoolgraduateorhigher
UnitedStates
Bachelor'sdegreeorhigher
Albuquerque
SouthValley
TheSouthValleytrailsAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesby16and13percentagepointsin
thepercentofpopulation25yearsandolderwithatleastahighschooldegree.The
discrepancyisevenlargerforcollegedegreeattainment.13%ofSouthValleyadultsholda
collegedegreeorhigher,comparedwith33%ofAlbuquerqueadultsand29%ofadults
nationally.
Figurea11.Youngadults(18-24years)withahighschoolcredential,bygender
82.7%
87.4%
81.2%
. . .
85.4%
75.6%
especially
for young
adults
68.2%
Men
UnitedStates
Women
Albuquerque
SouthValley
Atallgeographies,youngwomenaremorelikelythanyoungmentoholdahighschool
credential.ButthedisparityismorepronouncedintheSouthValley,where68%ofyoungmen
and76%ofyoungwomenhavecompletedhighschool.Thesesharesaremorethan10
percentagepointslowerthaninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figurea12.Medianearningsbyeducationalattainment
$66,944
$57,513
$50,515
$51,552
$44,217
$27,868
$26,949
$24,028
$33,988
$30,736
$28,810
$37,227
$19,954
$19,405
$19,323
Lessthanhigh
Highschool Somecollegeor Bachelor'sdegree Graduateor
schoolgraduate graduate(includes associate'sdegree
professionaldegree
equivalency)
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
South Valley residents without a high school credential earn as much as those with the
same education level in Albuquerque and the United States. Compared with the United
States as a whole, Albuquerque residents with some college or associate’s degree and
those with a Bachelor’s degree earn less. For the other comparisons, the estimates
have such large margins of error that we cannot be sure that the apparent pattern of
lower earnings for South Valley residents truly holds. That is, there is a reasonable
probability that another sample of survey respondents would show a smaller earnings
gap. At the same time, this uncertainty also means that there is a reasonable
probability that another sample of survey respondents would show a larger gap.
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Figurea13.Povertyratesforadultswithoutahighschoolcredential
36.4%
29.9%
31.3%
28.9%
23.8%
Men
UnitedStates
Women
Albuquerque
SouthValley
34.8%
CHALLENGE:
Poverty
rates are
very high
for those
without a
high
school
credential
Womenwithoutahighschoolcredentialfacehigherpovertyratesthanmeninallthree
geographies.AlbuquerqueandSouthValleyresidentswithlittleeducationfacesimilarpoverty
rates,andbothgroupsaremorelikelyhaveincomesbelowthepovertylinethanthosewith
similarschoolingintherestofthecountry.Theratesareveryhigh:35%ofSouthValley
womenwhodidnotgraduatefromhighschooland29%oftheirmalecounterpartslivein
poverty.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
WorkForce
Figurea14.Percentofcivilianpopulation16yearsandolderemployed,unemployedandnotin
laborforce
CHALLENGE:
57.7% 59.5%
JOBS!!!
51.3%
41.6%
36.1% 34.7%
5.8% 5.5% 7.1%
Employed
Unemployed
UnitesStates
Albuquerque
Notinlaborforce
SouthValley
Thefirstseriesshowstheemployment-populationratio,thepercentoftheunderlying
populationthatisworkingforpay,eitherasanemployeeorasaself-employedworker.People
whoarenotworking,butwhoareactivelylookingandavailableforworkareconsidered
unemployed.Theunemploymentratedoesnotincludepeoplewhowouldliketowork,but
whohavebecomediscouragedandarenolongerjobhunting.These“discouragedworkers”
areconsideredtobenotinthelaborforce,asisanyoneelsewhoisnotworkingorlookingfor
work.Thosenotinthelaborforceincludestudents,retireesandhomemakers.
ComparedwithAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole,SouthValleyresidentsareless
likelytobeemployed,morelikelytobeunemployed,andmorelikelynottobeinthelabor
force.The51%employmentrateis16%lowerthaninAlbuquerque;the7.1%unemploymentis
29%higherthaninAlbuquerque,andtheratenotinthelaborforce,at42%,is20%higherthan
inAlbuquerque.Inshort,SouthValleyresidentsareemployedatsignificantlylowerratesthan
theircounterpartsinAlbuquerque.
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Figurea15.Householdsreceivingdisabilityincome
9.0%
5.3%
5.4%
UnitesStates
Albuquerque
CHALLENGE:
High rates
of
disability
SouthValley
Asacorollarytoloweremploymentrates,SouthValleyresidentsaremuchmorelikelythan
theircounterpartsinAlbuquerqueandnationallytoreceiveSupplementalSecurityIncome
(SSI),aprogramthatsupportsthoseunabletoworkduetodisability.
Figurea16.Self-employedworkerswhosebusinessesarenotincorporated
6.4%
6.1%
STRENGTH:
5.2%
UnitesStates
Albuquerque
Entrepreneurship
SouthValley
SouthValleyworkersaremorelikelytoruntheirownsmallbusinessthanAlbuquerque
workers.Therate,at6.4%,issimilartothenationalaverage.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figurea17.Occupationaldistribution
41.2%
36.4%
23.9%
25.3%
24.4%23.9%23.1%
19.6%
18.2%
14.9%
Management,business,
science,andarts
Service
Salesandoffice
UnitedStates
7.6%
Naturalresources,
construcjonand
maintenance
Albuquerque
12.8%
12.1%
9.0% 7.8%
Producjonand
transportajon
SouthValley
Reflectingloweducationalattainment,SouthValleyworkersaremuchlesslikelythanthosein
AlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatestohaveoccupationsinmanagement,business,scienceand
thearts,andmuchmorelikelytohaveservice,constructionandtransportationjobs.
Figurea18.Medianearningsforworkers25yearsandolder
$36,034
CHALLENGE:
$34,396
Low
earning
power
$26,153
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
SouthValleyresidentsearnsubstantiallylessthanallresidentsofAlbuquerqueandtheUnited
States.Medianearningsforfull-timeworkerswholiveintheSouthValleyare$26,153,
comparedwith$34,396forthosewholiveinAlbuquerque,adifferenceofmorethan$8,000.
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Olderadults
Figurea19.Adults65yearsandolderanddisabilities
43.9%
36.3%
38.6%
CHALLENGE:
High rates
of
disability
for elders
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
Forty-fourpercentofadults65andolderintheSouthValleyreportadisability,comparedwith
only39percentinAlbuquerqueand36percentintheUnitedStates.
Figurea20.Poverty(darkersegment)andnearpoverty(lightersegment)foradults65and
older
CHALLENGE:
Poverty
and nearpoverty
for older
adults
17.4%
10.9%
10.3%
9.4%
9.8%
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
15.4%
SouthValley
Note:Nearpovertyisincomebetween100and150%ofthepovertyline.
Ratesofpovertyandnear-povertyforadults65yearsandolderaremuchhigherintheSouth
ValleythaninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figurea21.Adults65yearsandolderwithFoodstamp/SNAPbenefits
15.8%
8.5%
UnitedStates
7.5%
Albuquerque
SouthValley
Nearly16%ofolderadultsintheSouthValleyreceivefoodstamp(SNAP)benefits.Thisis
doubletherateoffoodstampreceiptforolderadultsinAlbuquerque,andclosetodoublethe
rateforolderadultsnationally.
Figurea22.Homeownershipforadults65yearsandolder
90.8%
78.5%
STRENGTH:
76.7%
High rates
of home
ownership
among
older
adults
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
Despitehigherlevelsofpoverty,olderadultsintheSouthValleyaremorelikelytoowntheir
homethanolderadultsintheUnitedStatesasawholeandolderadultsinAlbuquerque.91%
ofSouthValleyeldersowntheirhomes,comparedwith77%inAlbuquerqueand79%
nationally.
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B.HOUSEHOLDS,FAMILIESANDCHILDREN
Alldatainthissectionarefromthe2010-2014AmericanCommunitySurvey.
Figureb1.Householdsize
48.8%
38.9%
33.6% 32.5%
32.7%
27.6%
34.9%
29.1%
22.1%
One
Two
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
Threeormore
SouthValley
HouseholdsarelargerintheSouthValleythaninAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasa
whole.49%ofSouthValleyresidentsliveinhouseholdsofthreeormorepeople,compared
with35%inAlbuquerqueand39%intheUnitedStatesasawhole.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figureb2.Householdtype
4.8%
6.0%
13.0%
14.4%
48.4%
STRENGTH:
8.7%
17.8%
39.6%
45.8%
Singlemalefamily
householder
Singlefemalefamily
householder
Married-couplefamily
33.8%
UnitedStates
40.1%
Albuquerque
Nonfamilyhousehold
South
Valley
residents
are
surrounded
by family
27.7%
SouthValley
TheCensusdistinguishesbetweenfamilyhouseholds,composedoftwoormorerelatedpeople,
and“non-family”households,composedeitherofoneperson,oroftwoormoreunrelated
people.
TheSouthValleyhasrelativelymorefamilyhouseholdsthanAlbuquerqueandtheUnited
States.Addingallfamilyhouseholdsregardlessofwhoheadsthem,73%ofhouseholdsinthe
SouthValleyarefamilies,comparedwith60%inAlbuquerqueand66%nationally.TheSouth
Valleyalsohasrelativelymorehouseholdscomposedoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemaleor
female.18%ofSouthValleyhouseholdsarefamilieswithafemalehouseholder,compared
with13%and14%ofUnitedStatesandAlbuquerquehouseholds,and9%ofSouthValley
householdsarefamilieswithamalehouseholder,comparedwith5%and6%ofUnitedStates
andAlbuquerquehouseholds.Thismeansthat27%ofSouthValleyhouseholdsarelikelytobe
single-parentfamilies,amuchgreatersharethanthe20%ofAlbuquerquehouseholds,and18%
ofhouseholdsnationally.
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Figureb3.Medianhouseholdincome
$53,482
$47,413
$36,676
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
MedianhouseholdincomeintheSouthValleyis$36,676.Thisfigureismorethan$10,000
lowerthaninAlbuquerque,andnearly$17,000lowerthanintheUnitedStatesasawhole.
Figureb4.Povertyratesforfamilieswithchildrenundertheageof18
CHALLENGE:
34.4%
More than
1/3 of
families
with
children
face
poverty
24.8%
18.1%
UnitedStates
NewMexico
SouthValley
MorethanathirdofSouthValleyfamilieswithchildrenliveinpoverty,comparedwith25%of
Albuquerquefamilies,andonly18%offamiliesnationally.
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SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figureb5.Childrenbyhouseholdtype
65.9%
57.5%
59.6%
CHALLENGE:
31.4%
25.9%
Single
parent
households
29.2%
7.5%
10.5% 10.9%
Householdheadedbymarried Singlefemalehouseholder
Singlemalehouseholder
couple
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,childrenInbothAlbuquerqueandtheSouthValleyareless
likelytoliveinhouseholdsheadedbyamarriedcouple,andaremorelikelytolivein
householdsheadedbyanunmarriedparent.29%ofSouthValleychildrenliveinahousehold
headedbyasinglewoman;11%liveinahouseholdheadedbyasingleman.
Figureb6.Childreninhouseholdsnotheadedbytheirparents
STRENGTH:
14.1%
Multigenerational
families
7.5%
6.3%
5.3%
2.4%
Grandparent
UnitedStates
2.7%
Otherrelatajve
Albuquerque
SouthValley
ChildrenintheSouthValleyaremuchmorelikelythanchildreninAlbuquerqueandtheUnited
Statesasawholetoliveinhouseholdsthatarenotheadedbytheirparents.14%ofSouth
Valleychildrenliveinhouseholdsheadedagrandparentandanother5%liveinhouseholds
headedbyanotherrelativeotherthanaparent.Thiscompareswith6%and3%of
Albuquerquechildrenlivingwithgrandparentsandotherrelativesand7.5%and2%ofchildren
18 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
livingwithgrandparentsandotherrelativesnationally.Thegreatershareofchildrenlivingin
householdsheadedbyrelativesotherthantheirparentsislikelyrelatedtothehighratesof
birthstoteenmoms(seefigured1).
Figureb7.Theroleofgrandparents
CHALLENGE:
11.7%
5.0%
5.4%
4.8%
1.2%
Livingwithgrandchild
UnitedStates
Grandparents
raising
grandkids
1.4%
Responsibleforgrandchild
Albuquerque
SouthValley
12%ofSouthValleyadults65andolderlivewiththeirgrandkids,whichistwicetheratefor
olderadultsinAlbuquerqueandintheUnitedStatesasawhole.5%ofSouthValleyeldersare
responsibleforraisingtheirgrandkids.ThisrateismorethanquadrupletheratefortheUnited
States,andmorethan3timestherateforAlbuquerque.
Intermsofnumbers,907olderadultslivewiththeirgrandkids,and419areraisingtheir
grandkids.
19
SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figureb8.Children,publicassistanceandpoverty
STRENGTH:
44.7%
39.0%
31.6%
28.0%
25.6%
21.9%
Children are
connected
to public
assistance
programs
Inhouseholdwithpublicassistance
UnitedStates
Inhouseholdwithincomebelowthepoverty
line
Albuquerque
SouthValley
39%ofSouthValleychildrenliveinpoverty,and45%liveinhouseholdsthat
receiveeitherdisabilityinsurancethroughtheSupplementalSecurityIncome(SSI)
program,cashpublicassistanceincome,orFoodStamp/SNAPbenefits.Therate
ofpublicassistanceis50%higherthanthenationalaverageand40%higherthan
theAlbuquerquerate.Ratesofpovertyaremorethan50%higherthanratesin
Albuquerqueandthecountryasawhole.
20 CHALLENGE:
39% of
children live
in poverty
NMEvaluationLab@UNM
C.TRANSPORTATIONANDHOUSING
Alldatainthissectionarefromthe2010-2014AmericanCommunitySurvey.
Transportation
Figurec1.Householdswithnocaravailable
9.1%
6.9%
5.2%
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
VeryfewhouseholdsintheSouthValleydonothaveaccesstoacar,only5%,comparedwith
7%ofhouseholdsinAlbuquerqueand9%nationally.Althoughsmallasapercentage,989
householdsintheSouthValleyhavenocar.
Figurec2.Commutingtimes
76.5%
70.8%
CHALLENGE:
63.9%
42.9%
Distance
48.4%
40.3%
Lessthan20minutes
UnitesStates
Lessthan30minutes
Albuquerque
SouthValley
SouthValleyworkersarelesslikelythanotherworkersinAlbuquerquetohaveshortcommutes
towork,reflectinggreatertraveldistances.
21
SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figurec3.Gettingtowork
CHALLENGE:
11.8%
Public
transportation
9.6% 9.5%
5.1%
STRENGTH:
3.4% 3.4%
2.1%
Carpooled
UnitedStates
1.9%
1.3%
Carpooling
Publictransportajon
Walkorbike
Albuquerque
SouthValley
CHALLENGE:
SouthValleyresidentsaremorelikelytocarpool,butlesslikelytotake
publictransportationortowalkorbiketowork,comparedwithworkersin
AlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.Useofpublic
transportationandwalkingorbikingareparticularlylow.
Walking and
biking safety
Housing
Figurec4.Proportionofhousingbuiltineachdecadefrompre1940topresent
20%
CHALLENGE:
15%
Older
homes
10%
5%
0%
2010or 2000- 1990- 1980to1970to1960to1950to1940to1939or
later 2009 1999 1989 1979 1969 1959 1949 earlier
US
Albuquerque
SouthValley
SouthValleyhousingstockisrelativelyold,withmanystructuresdatingtothe1960sorearlier.
22 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
Figurec5.Yearsinsamehome
41%
48.1%
44%
35%
25%
STRENGTH:
33.9%
29%
Stability!!!
26.5%
17%
Lessthan5years
UnitedStates
5-14years
Albuquerque
15yearsormore
SouthValley
TheSouthValleyisverystable:nearlyhalfofallresidentshavelivedintheirhomesfor15years
ormore,andonly17%havelivedintheirhomesforlessthan5years.Bycontrast,only27%of
Albuquerqueresidentshavelivedintheirhomesfor15yearsormore,and29%ofthemhave
livedintheirhomesforlessthan5years.
Figurec6.Homeownership
74.4%
64.4%
59.3%
STRENGTH:
High rates
of home
ownership
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
74%ofSouthValleyhousingunitsareowner-occupied,comparedwith59%ofAlbuquerque
unitsand64%ofunitsnationally.
23
SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figurec7.Homevalues
30.9%
28.1%
24.7%
20.9%
15.6%
20.0%
16.0%
20.0%
18.2%
15.1%
12.1%
9.3% 8.5%
5.8%
15.5%
12.6%
5.9%
10.3%
5.8%
2.9%
1.9%
Lessthan
$50,000
$50,000to $100,000to $150,000to $200,000to $300,000to
$99,999
$149,999
$199,999
$299,999
$499,999
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
$500,000or
more
29%ofSouthValleyhomeswerevaluedatlessthan$100,000inthe2010-2014period.(Values
priorto2014wereadjustedforinflation.)
Figurec8.Medianhomevalues
$175,700
$185,100
$128,200
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
SouthValleymedianhomevaluesare30%lowerthanthemedianhomevalueinAlbuquerque.
24 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
Figurec9.Owneroccupiedunitswithoutmortgages
STRENGTH:
39.9%
34.4%
Many home
owners
have no
mortgage
payments
29.2%
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
ReflectingthelongtenancyofmanyhomeownersintheSouthValley,40%ofowneroccupied
housingunitsdonothavemortgages.Thiscompareswith29%inAlbuquerqueand34%
nationally.
Figurec10.Medianmonthlyhousingcostsforhomeowners
$1,522
STRENGTH:
$1,356
Low cost
housing
$1,101
$457
Montlyownercostwmortgage
UnitedStates
$397
$312
Montlyownercostwomortgage
Albuquerque
SouthValley
HousingcostsarelowerintheSouthValley,although...
25
SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figurec11.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofhomeowners’income
CHALLENGE:
41.9%
34.2%
Housing
affordability
33.5%
15.0%
Withmortgage
UnitedStates
12.2%
11.3%
Withoutmortgage
Albuquerque
SouthValley
...notnecessarilymoreaffordable,since42%ofhomeownerswithamortgagespend
30%ormoreoftheirhouseholdincomeforhousingexpenses.InAlbuquerqueandnationally
only34%ofhomeownersspendasmuchasapercentofincome.
ThesituationismuchbetterforSouthValleyhomeownerswithoutamortgage,whoareless
likelytospend30%ormoreoftheirincomeonhousingexpensesthanthoseinAlbuquerque
andnationally.
Figurec12.Medianrent
$920
$798
$711
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValleyrentsarelowerthaninAlbuquerque...
26 SouthValley
NMEvaluationLab@UNM
Figurec13.Housingcostscomprise30%ormoreofrenters’income
62.4%
52.3%
52.3%
UnitedStates
Albuquerque
SouthValley
...althoughmanyrenterspay30%ormoreoftheirincomeforhousing.IntheSouth
Valley,62%ofrentersareinthissituation,comparedwith52%inAlbuquerqueandnationally.
27
SouthValleyDataAtlas
D.HEALTH
Unlessotherwisenoted,datainthissectionarefromtheNM-Indicator Based Information
System (NM-IBIS). Figured1.Birthweightandteenbirths
8.7
LiveInfantsWithLowBirthweight(%)
9.4
9.1
CHALLENGE:
10.9
Birthsper1,000GirlsAge15-17
High birth
rate for
teens
15.3
28.8
UnitedStates
BernalilloCounty
SouthValley
Note:Yearsofdataare2014fortheUnitedStates,2009-2014forBernalilloCountyand2009-2013fortheSouth
Valley.
InfantsborntoSouthValleyresidentsaresimilarintermsoflowbirthweighttoinfantsbornin
AlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStatesasawhole,eventhoughtheyaremorelikelytobebornto
teenmothers.TheSouthValleyteenbirthrateis2-½timesthenationalrateandjustbelow2
timestheAlbuquerquerate.
28 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
Figured2.Lifeexpectancyatbirth
78.8
78.8
77.5
STRENGTH:
Life
expectancy
close to
Albuquerque
and United
States
averages
UnitedStates
BernalilloCounty
SouthValley
Note:Yearsofdataare2012-2014fortheUnitedStatesandBernalilloCountyand2009-2013fortheSouthValley.
LifeexpectancyatbirthforSouthValleyresidents,at78years,isjustslightlybelowaveragelife
expectancyof79yearsforBernalilloCountyandUnitedStatesresidents.
29
SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figured3.DeathsbyCauseper100,000Population(Age-adjusted)
CHALLENGE:
Diabetes
Stroke
21.2
25.7
31.2
36.2
34.0
UnitedStates
50.0
39.4
UnintenjonalInjury
BernalilloCounty
Excess
mortality,
especially
due to
stroke and
accidents
56.3
68.2
SouthValley
Note:Yearsofdataare2008-2011fortheSouthValley,2012-2014forBernalilloCounty.FortheUnitedStates,
yearsofdataare2013fordiabetesandunintentionalinjurymortalityratesand2014forstrokemortality.
AlthoughSouthValleylifeexpectancyisclosetolifeexpectancyforthenationasawhole,
mortalityratesfordiabetes,strokeandunintentionalinjuryaremuchhigherintheSouthValley
thaninBernalilloCountyandtheUnitedStates.Forexample,deathsduetodiabetesoccurred
attherateof31per100,000residentsintheSouthValley,comparedwith21per100,000
UnitedStatesresidents.Deathsduetostrokewere50per100,000intheSouthValley,
comparedwiththeUnitedStatesrateof36per100,000.Andaccidentaldeathswere68per
100,000intheSouthValley,comparedto39per100,000intheUnitedStates.
30 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
Figured4.Deathsper100,000population,bycausesrelatedtobehavioralhealth
12.5
Suicide
13.7
13.8
DrugOverdose
19.3
CHALLENGE:
26.9
36.4
29.4
Alcohol-Related
UnitedStates
BernalilloCounty
Substance
abuse
49.9
51.4
SouthValley
Note:Yearsofdataare2008-2011fortheSouthValley,2010-2014forBernalilloCounty.FortheUnitedStates,
yearsofdataare2010-2014forsuicideanddrugoverdosemortality,and2013foralcohol-relatedmortality.
Formortalityrelatedtobehavioralhealth,theSouthValleyrateofsuicide,at14per100,000
population,islowerthanforBernalilloCounty,andjustslightlyhigherthanfortheUnited
States.MortalityduetodrugoverdoseintheSouthValley,at36per100,000,ismuchhigher
thaninBernalilloCountyandtheUnitedStates,wherethereare10and22fewerdeathsper
100,000population,respectively.Alcoholrelateddeathsoccurataboutthesamerateinthe
SouthValleyandBernalilloCounty,at49and51deathsper100,000population.This
represents20additionaldeathscomparedwiththeUnitedStatesasawhole.
Thedifferencesapparentinfiguresd3andd4suggestexcessmortalityforSouthValley
residents.
31
SouthValleyDataAtlas
Figured5.Percentwithouthealthinsurance
CHALLENGE:
23.9%
14.2%
15.8%
15.2%
7.1%
All
UnitedStates
Many have
no health
insurance
6.5%
Under18yearsofage
Albuquerque
Source:AmericanCommunitySurvey2010-2014.
SouthValley
24%ofallSouthValleyresidentswereuninsuredinthe2010-2014period,comparedwithrates
of15%and14%forBernalilloCountyandtheUnitedStates,respectively.Uninsuranceratesfor
SouthValleychildrenaremorethandoubletheratesinAlbuquerqueandtheUnitedStates.
TheexpansionofinsurancethoughtheAffordableCareActbeganinJanuaryof2014,soitis
possiblethatinsurancerateswillrise.
32 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
APPENDIX
I.SouthValleyDataGeography
(1)TheAmericanCommunitySurveyreportsdatabyzipcode.Forthissource,theSouthValley
isdefinedasthe87105zipcodearea.
ZipCodeBoundaries
Source:CityofAlbuquerque,http://www.cabq.gov/parksandrecreation/parks/prescriptiontrails/images/zip-code-map.png/view,accessedonMay11,2016.
33
SouthValleyDataAtlas
(2)TheNM-Indicator Based Information System (NM-IBIS) reports some data for “Small
Areas.” The figures in section D use the most recent data available and average
measures for the two Small Areas (10 and 14) that comprise most of the populated
areas of the 87105 zip code.
MapofSmallAreas.SouthValleyfiguresarecalculatedastheaveragemeasureforAreas10
and14.
Source:NM-IBIShttps://ibis.health.state.nm.us/resource/SmallAreaMethods.html#part2,
accessedMarch24,2016.
34 NMEvaluationLab@UNM
II.CorrectionforUndercountofUndocumentedImmigrants
Pewestimatesthat10-15%ofundocumentedimmigrantsdonotrespondtotheCensus.This
figurecomesfroma2001studyofundocumentedimmigrantsfromMexico.Pewestimated
that27.7%oftheimmigrantpopulationwasundocumentedin2011.
TheACSestimatedthattherewere9,605immigrantsintheSouthValley.Wewanttoincrease
thatnumberby15%oftheundocumentedimmigrants.TheACSdoesnotaskabout
immigrationstatus,butfromthePewestimateweknowthatthepercentofundocumented
immigrantsis27.7%ofallimmigrants.To“solve”forthenumberofundocumented
immigrants,weset27.7%equalto1.15timestheunknownnumberofundocumented
immigrantsdividedbyrespondingimmigrantsplustheadditional15%ofnon-responding
undocumentedimmigrants.Wecanthensolveforthenumberofundocumentedimmigrants,
whichwefindtobe2,401.TheACSthusmissed15%ofthisnumber,or360.
Isthisaplausiblenumber?Itisifwebelievethat85%ofundocumentedworkersrespondto
theCensus.Thentheundercountis15%ofthe27.7%ofimmigrantswhoareundocumented,
whichisaboutatotalofa4%undercountofallimmigrants.
Source:PewResearchCenter,“UnauthorizedImmigrants:HowPewResearchCountsThem
andWhatWeKnowAboutThem,”April17,2013,
http://www.pewresearch.org/2013/04/17/unauthorized-immigrants-how-pew-researchcounts-them-and-what-we-know-about-them/,accessedMay11,2016
35