Outside the box
Hardware
Printer
– dot-matrix
– ink-jet
– laser
– LED
– thermotransfer
– dpi
– DVD surface
– speed, cost
Outside the box
Outside the box
Plotter (drawing
Scanner
– handy
– desktop
machine)
– slide adapter
– lpi (soft and hard)
– descreen
Optical drive
Parts of the computer
CD ROM
Hardware
– Everything what you can touch
– 1x - 52x (explosive!)
– read – write – rewrite
• buffer size, BurnProof,
JustLink, software, overburning,
copy protection, 2 ms
Software
– Electricity inside the wires
– CD, CD-R, CD-RW
650-700 Mb, 72-80 perc
– DVD – 17 Gb max.
• different speed
• DVD-R, DVR+R, DVD-RW
• DVD-RAM
– Combo
– BlueRay vs. HD DVD
– Different cable for the optical
drive and the HDD for older units!
Stereo devices!!!
1
Parts of the computer
Most important types
Computer
– The case and inside the
case
Home Computer
Personal Computer
Macintosh
Peripherals
– Outside of the case
Others
Terminals
Personal Computers (PC)
Intelligent terminal (e.g. a PC)
– Most of the processing is made on the terminal
One user only...
Thin client
– Limited capacity and power, just a connection to a
powerful computer (e.g. a mainframe)
– Data processing and calculations are made on the
mainframe
PC
Standalone machine or connected to the
network
(mainframes, etc.)
Two ‘standards’: Apple Macintosh and IBM
Case
Inside the box...
Desktop or Baby
Power supply
Motherboard
Slim
Processor (CPU)
Real Time Clock
Tower
RAM
Extension cards
Laptop
Notebook
Palmtop (…PDA)
Hard disk
Floppy disk (???)
Optical drive
2
Inside the box...
Inside the box...
Power supply (AT, ATX)
– 220V
5V, 12V
Motherboard
– Everything is connected to the motherboard
– Determines the possibilities
– 200-235-300-400-… W
–
–
–
–
286-os
386-os
486-os
Hangs on the CPU... (the core of the CPU…)
Inside the box...
Inside the box...
Processor (Central Processing Unit)
Memory
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8086 (PC)
80186 (XT)
286 (AT) kooprocesszor
386 (SX, DX)
486 (SX, DX, DLC)
Pentium, Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro
Pentium II, Celeron / Duron
Pebtium III, (Coppermind, Tualatin), Celeron II (800 MHz, 1,2GHz)
Pentium 4, Celeron III (1,7 GHz) / Athlon, Athlon XP
– PPGA, FCPGA, SlotA, Socket370, 423, 478
– 64 bit, HyperThreading, Core2Duo
– Mobile processors
• RAM, ROM, EPROM
•128 Mbyte – Windows 2000
• 256 Mbyte - kisebb szerver,
– SDRAM (66, 100, 133 kisebb játék
•512 Mbyte – komolyabb játék
MHz)
• normal
• cache
(Code Creatures Benchmark)
– DDR RAM (266 MHz) •1 Gbyte – Windows Vista
– RDRAM (RAMBUS)
(400 MHz)
– DDR2 RAM
– DDR4 RAM
Data size
Inside the box...
Numbers: binary (hexadecimal) base
– two digits: 1- 0 (on - off, yes - no, true - false)
1 bit (binary digit): 0 or 1
1 byte: 8 bits (one character)
1 kilobyte = 1 Kbyte = 1 Kb = 1024 byte
1 megabyte = 1 Mb = 1024 Kb = 1 048 576 byte
1 gigabyte = 1 Gb = 1024 Mb = 1 073 741 824
Extension cards
– IDE or multi I/O
– Video
byte
1 terabyte = 1 Tb = 1024 Gb =
= 1 099 511 627 776 byte
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
ISA
VLB (VESA)
PCI
AGP
AMR or CNR
PCMCIA
PCI Express
3
Inside the box...
The surface of the media is
magnetic – two different
states of the signal.
Specifications:
Magnetic storage
magnetic media
drive
– moving (mechanical)
– positioning
(electronical)
– writing (electronical)
– reading (electronical)
– capacity (maximal amount of
data; Mb, Gb)
– access time (ms)
– average access time
– rotational speed (5400,
7200rpm)
Hard Disk Drive (HDD, winchester)
–
–
–
–
–
10 MByte
...
2 Gbyte
...
300 Gbyte (LBA) UATA 33-66-100-133
– Replaceable (Rack)
• Vulnerable. Wait 10 seconds.
Never change while in operation.
– External HDD with USB connector (2.5” HDD)
– Flash drive
– Card reader
History...
• high rotational speed, heads are floating on air packets
• CHS : Cylinder-Head-Sector LBA (large block address)
heads
track
sector
Floppy Disk Drive (FDD, floppy)
– DS, DD
– DS, HD
– 360 kB
– 1.2 MB
– 720 kB
– 1.44 MB
cylinder
Outside
Outside
Keyboard
– 83 keys
– 101 or 102 keys (105, 108, multimedia, wireless)
Screen
– Hercules
– CGA
– EGA
– VGA (mono)
– SVGA (mono)
– English
– Hungarian
– …
– 15”
– 17”
– 20”
• Non Interlaced
• Low Radiation
• Energy Star compliant
– LCD, TFT, CRT
4
Outside
Outside
Video card
Mouse
– 3 buttons (or more)
– wheels(s)
– nVidia
– ATI
– TV IN/OUT
– serial, PS/2, USB
– support more screens
– VGA and DVI connector
– LED, laser
– Weights for gamers
Outside
Outside
Trackball
Light pen
Outside
History
Joystick
– digital
– analog
– Force Feedback
Modem
–
–
–
–
9600 kb/sec
…
56.6 kb/sec
ISDN
– Fax, Answering machine
– inside or outside
– COM/USB, ISA/PCI/AMR
5
Outside
Outside
Network adapter
– UTP (100Mbps, 1Gbps)
– optical
– wireless
Sound card
Speaker system
– 2 speakers
– 4
– 5.1
– 7.1
Floppy ☺
6