Table of Contents
THE TURKISH STRAITS
BOSPORUS - SEA OF MARMARA - DARDANELLES
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
INTRODUCTION
GEOGRAPHY OF THE BOSPORUS, SEA OF MARMARA, AND
DARDANELLES AND THE SURROUNDING REGION
Historical geography
Economic geography
Cultural geography
Chapter 3
GEOLOGY
Physiography
Black sea
Bosporus
Submarine sills and canyons
Golden horn
Sea of Marmara
Izmit Bay
Cekmece Lakes
Dardanelles
Submarine sills and canyons
Aegean Sea
Izmir Bay
Regional
Lithology
Structure
Seismicity
Marine Sediments
Distribution of grain size
Age
Mineralogy
Life
Historical geology
Chapter 4
CLIMATE
Black Sea
Sea of Marmara
Aegean Sea
Eastern Mediterranean
Regional
Contents (continued)
Chapter 5
HYDROLOGY
Precipitation
Runoff
Chapter 6
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Western Black Sea
Distribution of properties
Sea level
Surface currents
Bosporus
Distribution of properties
Temperature
Salinity
Density
Sea level
Waves
Tides
Seiche
Surface currents
Normal
Vortices
Reversals
Two-layer flow system
Normal
Effects upon sedimentation
Internal waves
Hydraulic geometry
Stirring and mixing
Golden Horn
Distribution of properties
Sea level
Surface currents
Two—layer flow system
Sea of Marmara
Distribution of properties
Sea level
Surface currents
Two-layer flow system
Contents (continued)
Chapter 6
(concluded)
Izmit Bay
Distribution of properties
Cekmece Lakes
Distribution of properties
Dardanelles
Distribution of properties
Surface currents
Two-layer flow system
Aegean (including Izmir Bay)
Distribution of properties
Sea level
Surface currents
Regional
Chapter 7
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Black Sea
Bosporus
Golden Horn
Sea of Marmara
Izmit Bay
Aegean Regional
Chapter 8
ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Navigation
Shipping
Construction
Fisheries
Recreation
Pollution control
APPENDIX
A
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Climatology
Hydrology
Oceanography
Contents (concluded)
APPENDIX
B
ATLAS
Geography
Historical
Economic
Cultural
Geology
Regional physiography
Regional lithology
Regional structure
Regional seismicity
Details of marine sedimentation
Details of submarine morphology and hypsometry
Climate
Regional temperature
Regional humidity
Regional winds
Regional fog
Regional cloud cover
Estimates of spectral density of winds at Yesilkoy
Hydrology
Regional hydrogeology
Regional precipitation
Physical Oceanography
Areal and cross-sectional distribution of properties
Historical
1965-1968
Sea level
Waves
Tides
Estimate of spectral density for Bosporus
Surface currents
Bosporus and Dardanelles after L. Moller
Bosporus, 1965-1968
Chemical and Biological Oceanography
Dissolved oxygen
PH
Plankton
Fisheries
,**-*. it
^
ii<_ h«6i
"f^ ,3/~<-'
THE TURKISH STRAITS
BOSPORUS -
MARMARA -
DARDANELLES
Eastern
Slack "
Sea
Golden
Bosporus
Horn
Sea of
Marmara
Izmit
pekmece
Bay
Lakes
Izmir
Dardanelles
Aegean
Bay
Mediier0""*—^
ranean
Regional
Introduction and Methods
Geography
- historical
•
X
-
economic
•
X
-
cultural
•
X
physiography
• X
Bathynetric data and discussion of possible sill at Black Sea
lithology
• X
entrance to Bosporus
Geology
structure
•
X
seismicity
•
X
sediments
Climate
X
•
X
•
X
•
X
•
X
humidity
•
X
winds
• X
fog
•
X
•
X
cloud
Hydrology
•
temperature
cover
-
precipitation
-
drainage basins
-
runoff
-
water quality
Spectral analyses available for data from Yesilkoy (neur Istanb
Based
on surface
and NIMBUS
dat,-.
Physical Oceanography
Distribution of properties
- temperature
•
X
•
X
•
•
X
• X
- salinity
•
X
•
X
•
•
X
•
X
- density
•
X
•
X
•
•
X
•
X
•
X
tides
•
X
currents
•
X
Sea level- waves
-
Surface
-
vortices
-
reversals
:
Dardanelles data primarily from Merz/Mbller and NODC files
) Spectral
Two-layer flow system
analyses available lor Bosporus data
Effects upon sedimentation; internal waves; hydraulic geometry
- estuarial analogy
- submerged weir analogy
Chemical and Biological Oceanography
Dissolved oxygen
Nutrients
Plankton
Fisheries
.
f £
%*>*w.-c.
Benthos
Engineering Aspects
Navigation
Construction
Pollution
control
;
0/9
No
-a:
X
indicates inclusion in atlas.
G,n~SOC *,M^v^_y.
•-/
"
- /A.X^t • t*y
/• ciuJXXZ-fr^jLtJ //U*~tr^ ^EUjujtLa
/M&Jc
/&
ha*
Jo