Millimeter and Submillimeter Molecular Lines / Atmospheric Transmission / Telescopes
(1000 GHz - 2000 GHz)
Frequency [GHz]
1000
CO+ (2)
NH (2)
CH+ (2)
CH (2)
CH3 OH (1,3)
OH (1)
SO2 (1)
SO (1)
H3 O+ (1)
NH3 (1)
o-H2 O (1)
p-H2 O (1)
C+ (1)
CI (1)
N2 H+ (1)
HNC (1)
HNC (1)
DCO+ (1)
HCO+ (1)
C18 O (1)
13
CO (1)
CO (1)
CS (1)
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2-1
11-10
12-11
12-11
13-12
14-13
14-13
12-11
12-11
13-12
23-22
24-23
272
16-15
13-12
13-12
12-11
12-11
11-10
26-25
25-24
250
27-26
29-28
30-29
214
31-30
32-31
200
19-18
20-19
19-18
15-14
15-14
14-13
33-32
34-33
16-15
16-15
35-34
176
187
176
36-35
21-20
22-21
21-20
22-21
18-17
18-17
17-16
40-39
20-19
21-20
17-16
17-16
15-14
187
21-20
22-21
20-19
18-17
18-17
14-13
14-13
20-19
21-20
19-18
17-16
13-12
28-27
19-18
20-19
18-17
17-16
12-11
231
18-17
19-18
17-16
16-15
15-14
11-10
11-10
17-16
18-17
17-16
16-15
15-14
14-13
10-9
22-21
16-15
16-15
15-14
14-13
13-12
10-9
10-9
300
15-14
15-14
13-12
11-10
9-8
21-20
14-13
13-12
12-11
37-36
16-15
38-37
39-38
166
158
150
158
150
CO+ (2)
NH (2)
CH+ (2)
CH (2)
CH3 OH (1,3)
OH (1)
SO2 (1)
SO (1)
H3 O+ (1)
NH3 (1)
o-H2 O (1)
p-H2 O (1)
C+ (1)
CI (1)
N2 H+ (1)
HNC (1)
HNC (1)
DCO+ (1)
HCO+ (1)
C18 O (1)
13
CO (1)
CO (1)
CS (1)
Wavelength (µm)
300
272
O2
250
O2
H2 O H2 O
1.0
231
214
O2
H2 O
200
O2
H2 O
H2 O
H2 O
H2 O
O2
166
O2
H2 O
O2
H2 O
H2 O
H2 O
H2 O
O2
H2 O
H2 O
O2
H2 O
H2 O
Atmospheric Transmission
Perceptible water vapour (PWV):
0.3 mm:
0.8
0.6 mm:
1.2 mm:
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
1700
1800
1900
2000
Frequency (GHz)
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Herschel (A)
Herschel (A)
Band 4 (21”)
Band 5 (19”)
Band 6 (13”)
SPIRE
PACS
SWAS (B)
SWAS (B)
Odin (C)
Odin (C)
ISO (D)
LWS (80”)
ISO (D)
ISOPHOT
ALMA (E)
ALMA (E)
SMA (F)
SMA (F)
PDBI (G)
PDBI (G)
JCMT (H)
JCMT (H)
CSO (I)
CSO (I)
APEX (J)
APEX (J)
(5”)
KOSMA (K)
KOSMA (K)
NANTEN2 (L)
NANTEN2 (L)
Pico Veleta (M)
Pico Veleta (M)
MOPRA (N)
MOPRA (N)
SEST (O)
SEST (O)
300
272
250
231
214
200
187
176
166
158
150
Wavelength (µm)
Atmospheric transmission: CSO Atmospheric Transmission Plotter (http://www.submm.caltech.edu/cso/weather/atplot.shtml). The labeled H2 O and O2 lines have been selected by the upper energy level and the Einstein-coefficient. Other important submillimeter atmospheric lines from O3 CH4 , CO, CO2 or N2 O are not indicated.
(1) Molecular data from LAMDA (Leiden Atomic and Molecular Database, www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/˜ moldata) / (2) Molecular data from JPL Molecular Spectroskopy (spec.jpl.nasa.gov) / (3) For CH3 OH, molecular data in LAMDA/JPL is only available up to 1 THz
(A) Herschel: Herschel Space Telescope (3.5 m, in L2) / (B) SWAS: Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (1.1 m, in orbit) / (C) Odin: (1.1 m, in orbit) / (D) ISO: Infrared Space Observatory (0.6 m, in orbit) / (E) ALMA: Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (64 x 12 m, Atacama desert, Chile, 5000 m) / (F) SMA: Submillimeter Array (8 x 6 m, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 4080 m)
(G) PDBI: Plateau de Bure Inferometer (6 x 15 m, Plateau de Bure, French alps, France, 2552 m) / (H) JCMT: James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (15 m, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA, 4092 m) / (I) CSO: Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (10.4 m, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA, ≈ 4090 m) / (J) APEX: Atacama Pathfined Experiment (15 m, Atacama desert, Chile, 5100 m)
(K) KOSMA: Cologne Observatory for Submillimeter and Millimeter Astronomy (3 m, Gronergrat, Swiss alps, Switzerland, 3135 m) / (L) NANTEN2 (3.5 m, Atacama desert, Chile, 4900 m) / (M) Pico Veleta (30 m, Pico Veleta, Spain, 2850 m) / (N) MOPRA (22m, Warrumbungles, Australia, 866 m) / (O) SEST: Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (15m, La Silla, Chile, 2400 m)
c Simon Bruderer (Institute of Astronomy, ETH Zurich, www.n.ethz.ch/student/simonbr, simonbr(at)astro.phys.ethz.ch) - August 17, 2007 (v1.0b)