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August 18
Lesson 12
DEDICATION OF
THE WALL
DEVOTIONAL READING: Psalm 96
BACKGROUND SCRIPTURE: Nehemiah 12:27-43
NEHEMIAH 12:27-38, 43
At the dedication of the wall of
Jerusalem, the Levites were sought out
from where they lived and were brought to
Jerusalem to celebrate joyfully the
dedication with songs of thanksgiving and
with the music of cymbals, harps and lyres.
27
28
The musicians also were brought
together
from
the
region
around
Jerusalem—from the villages of the
Netophathites,
29
from Beth Gilgal, and from the area of
Geba and Azmaveth, for the musicians had
built villages for themselves around
Jerusalem.
30
When the priests and Levites had
purified themselves ceremonially, they
purified the people, the gates and the wall.
31
I had the leaders of Judah go up on top
of the wall. I also assigned two large choirs
to give thanks. One was to proceed on top of
the wall to the right, toward the Dung Gate.
Photo: Design Pics / nPine / Valueline / Thinkstock
32
Hoshaiah and half the leaders of Judah followed them,
33
along with Azariah, Ezra, Meshullam,
34
Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah,
35
as well as some priests with trumpets, and also Zechariah son of Jonathan,
the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of
Zakkur, the son of Asaph,
36
and his associates—Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel,
Judah and Hanani—with musical instruments prescribed by David the man of
God. Ezra the teacher of the Law led the procession.
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37
At the Fountain Gate they continued directly up the steps of the City of David
on the ascent to the wall and passed above the site of David’s palace to the Water
Gate on the east.
38
The second choir proceeded in the opposite direction. I followed them on
top of the wall, together with half the people—past the Tower of the Ovens to the
Broad Wall.
43
And on that day they offered great sacrifices, rejoicing because God had
given them great joy. The women and children also rejoiced. The sound of
rejoicing in Jerusalem could be heard far away.
KEY VERSES
On that day they offered great sacrifices, rejoicing because God had given them
great joy. The women and children also rejoiced. The sound of rejoicing in
Jerusalem could be heard far away. —Nehemiah 12:43
LESSON AIMS
After participating in this lesson, each student will be able to:
1. Describe how ancient Israel gave thanks for a great accomplishment through a joyous but formal praise service.
2. Explain how the celebration and worship in the text can be a model for a proper celebration of any ministry task
successfully completed.
3. Plan a detailed celebration for the church of a past or possible future great accomplishment.
LESSON OUTLINE
Introduction
A. Joyful Celebration
B. Lesson Background: Geography
C. Lesson Background: Levites
I. Dedication Preparation (NEHEMIAH 12:27-30)
A. Musicians (v. 27)
B. More Musicians (vv. 28, 29)
C. Purifications (v. 30)
II. Dedication Participation (NEHEMIAH 12:31-38)
A. Directives (v. 31)
B. Names (vv. 32-36)
C. Processionals (vv. 37, 38)
The Water Gate
III. Dedication Praise (NEHEMIAH 12:43)
Where Is Our Joy Heard?
Conclusion
A. Celebrations, Then and Now
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B. Prayer
C. Thought to Remember
Introduction
A. Joyful Celebration
I teach a certain overview study of the Bible in the local church. The uniqueness of this particular study is in its use
of symbolic pictures. To learn this system, teacher trainees commit themselves to an intensive study of two and half
hours each week for two nine-month periods. After two years, the teacher trainees are ready to teach, but not until
they celebrate their accomplishment at a graduation banquet. I plan every detail.
First, I set the theme of the banquet. My wife and I create a three-dimensional scene that illustrates the theme,
and we place it in the center of the banquet area. Proper lighting heightens the impact.
The best cooks in the church prepare the meal; others serve with a touch of class. In addition to the graduates, we
invite their spouses and the leaders of the church along with their spouses.
The dress is formal. We have a guest speaker who addresses our theme. A string ensemble plays throughout the
banquet. Each graduate is called up to receive a personalized certificate inscribed by a professional calligraphist. A
gold pin or pendant symbolizing this particular study also is awarded to each graduate.
There is special joy expressed, with hugs and picture-taking. The evening concludes with the feeling that we have
celebrated a great accomplishment properly. Then the real work begins as the new graduates take on the task of
teaching this particular overview study of the Bible.
I do everything I can to make this celebration meaningful, formal, and joyous. Today’s lesson offers us something
of a biblical precedent for celebrations conducted this way.
B. Lesson Background: Geography
The topic that dominates the first half of the book of Nehemiah is the rebuilding of Jerusalem’s walls and gates.
That task was completed in 445 BC, and it was an exceptional accomplishment. Nehemiah 12 (today’s text) takes us
to the dedication ceremony of those rebuilt walls.
The biblical writer is highly selective in his use of information to tell the story of the celebration, and piecing it
together is not easy. Much information that we may wish to have is not included. For example, today’s lesson is
about two processionals that march around the rebuilt walls, but the starting point for these processionals is not
stated.
An educated guess is that the starting place is the Valley Gate. This gate faced west, overlooking the Central Valley
adjacent to the narrow City of David (the oldest section of Jerusalem). This is the gate where Nehemiah began and
ended his nocturnal inspection after arriving in Jerusalem (Nehemiah 2:11-16). We will have more educated guesses
to make regarding the locations of other named gates that the processionals crossed.
C. Lesson Background: Levites
Immediately preceding today’s lesson text is an extended listing of the names and duties of priests and Levites
who had returned to Jerusalem from exile. Levites play a vital role in today’s lesson, so a refresher on their origin
and functions is in order.
The designation Levites refers to descendants of the man Levi (Genesis 29:34; 35:23). All priests of Israel came
from the tribe of Levi, although not all male Levites ended up becoming priests (Deuteronomy 17:9, 18; etc.; contrast
1 Kings 12:31).
“The duty of the Levites was to help Aaron’s descendants [that is, the priests] in the service of the temple of the
Lord: to be in charge of the courtyards, the side rooms, the purification of all sacred things and the performance of
other duties at the house of God” (1 Chronicles 23:28; see extended description in vv. 29-32). A key levitical function
under this umbrella was that of musician, which is an important part of today’s study. Precedent for this function
stretches back many centuries (see 1 Chronicles 6:1-31; 15:16-22; 23:1-5; 25:1-6; 2 Chronicles 5:12; 7:6). Levites were
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still musicians in the days of Ezra and Nehemiah (see Ezra 2:40, 41; 3:10, 11; Nehemiah 7:43, 44).
HOW TO SAY IT
Azarel
Az-air-el.
Azariah
Az-uh-rye-uh.
Gilalai
Gill-ah-lie (G as in get).
Hanani
Huh-nay-nye.
Hoshaiah
Maai
Hoe-shay-yuh.
May-a-eye.
Mattaniah
Micaiah
Milalai
Mat-uh-nye-uh.
My-kay-uh.
Mih-ah-lay-eye.
Nethanel
Nih-than-el (th as in thin).
Netophathites
Shemaiah
Nee-toe-fuh-thits (i as in eye).
She-may-yuh or Shee-my-uh.
I. Dedication Preparation
(NEHEMIAH 12:27-30)
A. Musicians (v. 27)
27. At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, the Levites were sought out
from where they lived and were brought to Jerusalem to celebrate joyfully the
dedication with songs of thanksgiving and with the music of cymbals, harps and
lyres.
In ancient times as in modern, music is part of many great celebrations. The joyful expressions of thanksgiving
planned by Nehemiah for the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem are to be accompanied by instrumental and vocal
music. Because of the Levites’ skills as musicians (see the Lesson Background), they are a necessary part of this
celebration. The need to seek the Levites from where they lived should be understood in light of Nehemiah 11:20:
“The rest of the Israelites, with the priests and Levites, were in all the towns of Judah, each on their ancestral
property.” Since not all Levites live in Jerusalem, it takes a lot of planning to ensure their presence at the ceremony
to come.
What Do You Think?
What makes a celebration of thanksgiving memorable and
meaningful to you? Why is that?
Talking Points for Your Discussion
Thoroughness of the planning
Nature of the event being celebrated
Personal participation
Other
Three types of instruments are mentioned, and they match exactly the three noted in 1 Chronicles 15:16 and 25:1
regarding the days of King David. Cymbals are metal percussive instruments that are struck against one another (see
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1 Chronicles 13:8; 15:16, 19, 28; Psalm 150:5). The harps are known from ancient drawings to be stringed
instruments. They have a curved yoke and a sounding box shaped like a jar (see Psalms 57:8; 71:22; 150:3). The lyres
are a kind of harp having a rounded bottom and yoke-arms curved only slightly (see Psalm 137:2).
This is not a complete listing of the musical instruments to be used (see Nehemiah 12:35, 36, below). The main
idea is that all these instruments are portable—they can be held and played as the people march on the walls. Some
large harps have as many as 10 strings (see Psalm 33:2), and these may not be included here.
B. More Musicians (vv. 28, 29)
28, 29. The musicians also were brought together from the region around
Jerusalem—from the villages of the Netophathites, from Beth Gilgal, and from
the area of Geba and Azmaveth, for the musicians had built villages for
themselves around Jerusalem.
The Hebrew translated “singers” in the 1984 edition of the NIV® is now translated musicians. The word can go
either way.
What Do You Think?
How can churches improve the contribution of singing to the
worship experience? How do we avoid merely stating personal
preferences in answering this?
Talking Points for Your Discussion
Matching style to purpose and/or participants
Use of variety or thematic selections
Teaching music to worshippers
Adding a music minister to the staff
Other
Notice that the phrase around Jerusalem occurs twice. These two uses serve as bookends for the four locationnames between them. This indicates that these four locations are fairly close to Jerusalem.
The villages of the Netophathites draw their designation from the family name Netopha; these settlements are
about 3.5 miles to the southeast of Bethlehem (compare Nehemiah 7:26), or about 6 miles from Jerusalem. This
seems to be an ancestral home of the Levites, and some choose to resettle here after their return from exile (1
Chronicles 2:54; 9:2, 14-16; Ezra 2:22).
Beth Gilgal is probably the traditional village of Gilgal near Jericho, where the Israelites renewed their covenant
with God in the days of Joshua (see Joshua 4:19, 20; 5:9, 10). This is about 15 miles northeast of Jerusalem. (The
word beth means “house of.”) Geba and Azmaveth are Benjamite villages about 6 miles north/northeast of
Jerusalem (1 Chronicles 6:60; Ezra 2:24, 26; Nehemiah 7:28; 11:31).
This scattering of homes of the Levite musicians may indicate how difficult it is to scratch out a living by dwelling
any closer to Jerusalem. Nehemiah 11:1, 2 seems to indicate that the city of Jerusalem itself is not a desirable place to
live.
C. Purifications (v. 30)
30. When the priests and Levites had purified themselves ceremonially, they
purified the people, the gates and the wall.
Before the proceedings can get underway, all participants are purified. Our text does not tell us what this involves.
On other occasions, purification entails changing or washing one’s clothing (see Genesis 35:2, 3; Numbers 8:21),
bathing or participating in a ritual pouring of water over the body (Exodus 19:10, 14; Numbers 8:5-7; 19:12, 19;
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Ezekiel 36:25), and sexual abstinence (Exodus 19:15). See the extended discussion in Numbers 19.
How the priests and Levites purify the gates and the wall is not stated either. This purification may be similar to
the cleansing of the temple during Hezekiah’s reforms (2 Chronicles 29:15-19). The procedure involved in the
cleansing of houses may also be used (Leviticus 14:49-53). The gates and walls are considered unclean because of
human contamination in general and all the blood that was shed when the Babylonians destroyed the city. The
people need to regard Jerusalem as “the holy city” (Nehemiah 11:1). Therefore, the priests, Levites, people, gates, and
walls all have to be purified before the dedication can begin.
II. Dedication Participation
(NEHEMIAH 12:31-38)
A. Directives (v. 31)
31. I had the leaders of Judah go up on top of the wall. I also assigned two
large choirs to give thanks. One was to proceed on top of the wall to the right,
toward the Dung Gate.
Nehemiah launches the celebration by forming many of the purified participants into two large choirs or
processionals. The direction one group will take is noted here and in verse 37 (below); the direction of the other
group is described in verses 38, 39 (below).
The unstated starting point of the two groups is probably the Valley Gate (see the Lesson Background). This
possibility fits well with one group’s counterclockwise direction of travel, since to go to the right upon the wall
toward the Dung Gate is to go south from that gate if starting from outside the city (see further discussion in v. 37,
below).
What Do You Think?
What have you seen worship planners and leaders do to enhance
the worship experience?
Talking Points for Your Discussion
Use of visual media
Use of drama
Mixing various “moods” of music
Incorporation of silence
Other
B. Names (vv. 32-36)
32, 33. Hoshaiah and half the leaders of Judah followed them, along with
Azariah, Ezra, Meshullam,
What an honor to have one’s name recorded as a participant in this celebration! The name Hoshaiah means
“Yahweh has saved,” but other than that we know nothing about this man. The name Azariah means “Yahweh has
helped,” and there are numerous men with this name in the Old Testament.
The Ezra mentioned here is not the well-known priest and scribe of this time, since that Ezra is mentioned three
verses later as the one leading this procession. The name Meshullam means “reconciled”; it is a common name (note
two men with this name in Nehemiah 12:13, 16).
34. …Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah,
Judah and Benjamin are the well-known names of two of the tribes of Israel. But these are also the names of
various individuals (see Ezra 10:23, 32; Nehemiah 11:9; 12:8). The name Shemaiah means “the Lord has heard,” and
roughly two dozen men have this name in the Old Testament (compare Ezra 8:13, 16; 10:21, 31; Nehemiah 3:29;
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6:10; 10:8; 12:6). The Jeremiah noted here is not, of course, the famous prophet of that name.
What Do You Think?
What are some good ways to honor those who devote much time
to enhancing our worship experience?
Talking Points for Your Discussion
Public expressions of recognition
Private expressions of recognition
35. …as well as some priests with trumpets, and also Zechariah son of
Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the
son of Zakkur, the son of Asaph,
Numbers 10:8; 31:6 and 1 Chronicles 15:24 establish that priests blow trumpets. That pattern seems to be followed
here as it is in Ezra 3:10.
There is a bit of uncertainty whether this Zechariah is one of the priests’ sons with trumpets. Some think that
Nehemiah 12:41 establishes that he is a priest; others think that he is a Levite, not a priest, since his lineage goes
back to Asaph (1 Chronicles 25:1, 2).
36a. …and his associates—Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel,
Judah and Hanani—with musical instruments prescribed by David the man of
God.
The avalanche of names continues! Shemaiah, a common name, means “the Lord has heard.” Azarel means “God
is helper”; six men have this name (with variant spellings) in the Old Testament. The names Milalai, Gilalai, and
Maai occur only here. Nethanel, a fairly common name, means “God has given.” Regarding Judah, see comments on
verse 34 (above). Nehemiah has a brother named Hanani (see Nehemiah 1:2; 7:2), but this is not the same person;
the meaning is “gracious.”
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Visual for Lessons 5 & 12. Use this visual to help your learners trace the routes of the two processionals in
today’s study.
The phrase musical instruments prescribed by David may indicate the use of instruments in addition to those
listed in Nehemiah 12:27 (above). One such possibility is pipes (that is, flutes; compare 1 Kings 1:40; Isaiah 30:29).
The timbrel (that is, the tambourine; compare Psalms 81:2; 149:3; 150:4) is another possibility.
36b. Ezra the teacher of the Law led the procession.
Ezra leads the processional group that goes south (to the “right,” v. 31, above). Nehemiah, for his part,
accompanies the processional group that goes north (v. 38, below).
C. Processionals (vv. 37, 38)
37. At the Fountain Gate they continued directly up the steps of the City of
David on the ascent to the wall and passed above the site of David’s palace to the
Water Gate on the east.
The group that goes to the right (south), led by Ezra, first reaches the Dung Gate (not listed here, but see v. 31,
above). That gate is near the southernmost point of the wall. This is a walk of about 1,000 cubits, or 500 yards
(Nehemiah 3:13). In this area, the group makes a sharp turn to the north, toward the Fountain Gate. This is located
close to the Pool of Siloam (see Nehemiah 3:15; John 9:7, 11).
Walking along the top of the wall apparently is interrupted as the group goes up the steps of the City of David.
Perhaps the wall is not suitable to walk upon in this area. Farther north, the group seems to ascend the wall again as
it makes its way to the Water Gate on the east side of the city (compare Nehemiah 3:26; 8:1-3, 16). This gate
overlooks the Kidron Valley. Not much is known about this part of the procession.
THE WATER GATE
To those of my generation, it is hard to hear the phrase the Water Gate without thinking of the infamous burglary
of 1972. In this notorious event, political operatives broke into offices of the Democratic National Committee at the
Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. Apparently, they were looking for evidence to discredit the opposition
and thus help reelect the incumbent president.
We know the aftermath: several men went to prison, and President Nixon resigned in 1974 to avoid impeachment.
What an ironic clash of images: the Water Gate of Nehemiah’s day was the place where “the people listened
attentively to the Book of the Law” (Nehemiah 8:1-3; see lesson 10); the Watergate of Nixon’s day was the place
where individuals acted as if they were above the law!
When one of Nehemiah’s processionals arrived at “the Water Gate on the east,” the recent reading of God’s law
there undoubtedly came to mind for many. Mention of Watergate today can serve to remind us of the necessity of
obeying the laws of both God and man (Romans 13:1-5).—J. B. N.
38. The second choir proceeded in the opposite direction. I followed them on
top of the wall, together with half the people—past the Tower of the Ovens to the
Broad Wall.
Nehemiah himself accompanies the second choir. It is interesting to note that he follows rather than leads this
processional.
If the starting point is the Valley Gate, then the direction of march of this particular group is clockwise since the
Tower of the Ovens (used for baking bread) is to the north (compare Nehemiah 3:11). The distance from the Valley
Gate to this tower is about 200 yards. The Broad Wall beyond the tower is noted also in Nehemiah 3:8. Nehemiah
12:39 (not in today’s text) mentions additional landmarks crossed, in reverse order from Nehemiah 3:1-11.
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III. Dedication Praise
(NEHEMIAH 12:43)
43. And on that day they offered great sacrifices, rejoicing because God had
given them great joy. The women and children also rejoiced. The sound of
rejoicing in Jerusalem could be heard far away.
Nehemiah 12:40-42 (not in today’s text) notes the gathering of the two processionals at the temple for singing
after each completes its half-circuit of the city. Sacrifices are not required at this ceremony, but they are freely and
joyfully given nonetheless. Indeed, the emphasis in the verse before us is joy, with forms of the words rejoice and joy
used four times. The picture is one of religious exultation accompanied by trumpets (v. 41). Passages such as Psalm
48:12, 13 may reflect such processional celebrations (compare Psalm 68:24-27).
This celebration seems to surpass the earlier ones for the temple (Ezra 3:13; 6:16) and the reading of the law
(Nehemiah 8:12, 17). The people have had several weeks to rest from their wall-building labor (compare Nehemiah
6:15 with 7:73b and 9:1). There is nothing to hinder those present from praising God at the top of their lungs!
What Do You Think?
Should our worship be loud enough to be heard literally “far
away”? Why, or why not?
Talking Points for Your Discussion
Appropriate witness
Zoning restrictions
Danger of high decibel levels (hearing loss)
Other
WHERE IS OUR JOY HEARD?
Nehemiah records that the celebration of dedication was so exuberant that it “could be heard far away.” Exactly
how far away was it heard? We aren’t told, but historical counterparts provide some clues. During the great frontier
revivals of the early 1800s, the sound of the religious “exercises” was noted as being heard some miles distant. The
same was recorded of the revival meetings during the Great Awakening of the 1740s.
In his “Concord Hymn” of 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson referred to the first military engagement of the American
Revolution as the “shot heard round the world.” This is literary license, of course, but the significance clear. Modern
zoning restrictions and ordinances against “noise pollution” may restrict the volume levels of our worship services or
even that of church bells. But any restriction regarding our joy being heard in the sense of a “shot heard round the
world” is self-imposed. May people everywhere hear our joy!—J. B. N.
Conclusion
A. Celebrations, Then and Now
The ancient Hebrews knew how to celebrate! Today, we have more reason to do so, since Jesus has been raised
from the dead and is now reigning at God’s right hand. The Jews of Nehemiah’s day celebrated a rebuilt wall; we can
celebrate the fact that Jesus tore down a wall, “the dividing wall of hostility” (Ephesians 2:14-18).
We should look for ways to celebrate in Christ. New buildings can be dedicated, milestones acknowledged, and
teachers honored. Earthly celebrations in Christ can spur us to greater tasks of faith as we look forward to the great
celebration by God of the new Jerusalem (Revelation 21:2, 9). That celebration will never end.
B. Prayer
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Father, teach us to rejoice! May the Holy Spirit inspire us to great tasks of faith that call for great rejoicing when
completed. In the name of our Lord Jesus, whom we celebrate always, amen.
C. Thought to Remember
Great accomplishments call for celebration.
INVOLVEMENT LEARNING
Some of the activities below are also found in the helpful student book, NIV Bible Student.
Don’t forget to download the free reproducible page from www.standardlesson.com to enhance your lesson!
Into the Lesson
Alternative 1. Place celebratory balloons around your classroom and have some confetti ready to toss as you begin
(assuming you don’t mind sweeping up after class). Blow a simple noisemaker and/or have volunteers ready to do
so. Say excitedly, “It’s time to celebrate! This is quite an accomplishment!” After allowing learners to react a bit, say,
“Our study today takes us to an ancient celebration. It’s party time!” Alternative 2. Instead of the above, place in
chairs copies of the “Celebrate Accomplishment” activity from the reproducible page, which you can download. This
will help your learners get into the celebration mind-set of today’s lesson.
Alternative 3. Give poles with colorful streamers attached to the top to two volunteers, one pole each. Ask these
two to walk ceremoniously around the perimeter of your learning space in opposite directions; have ceremonial
music playing. When the two volunteers meet, say, “This appears to be what our text describes: two groups marching
along the walls of Jerusalem until they met at the temple (Nehemiah 12:40). Let’s take a look.”
Into the Word
Have ready 10 inflated (non-helium) balloons within which you have inserted the following 10 slips of paper, 1
each. (Option: Include a few pieces of confetti.) 1. Joyful music is appropriate for times of celebration. 2. Special
music by skilled musicians can be part of celebrations. 3. Those who lead or participate in worship need to think
about personal purity. 4. Setting apart certain physical things as holy to the Lord can be a good idea. 5. Drawing
attention to the names of some of God’s people in a public assembly can be appropriate. 6. A formal ceremony can be
a focusing element in times of corporate worship. 7. Consulting Scripture to discern requirements and precedent is
always right. 8. Bringing sacrificial gifts on special days of the Lord’s people is a good thing. 9. Loudness in worship
can be an acceptable form of witness. 10. Joy should characterize celebrations of significant accomplishment.
Say, “Today’s text reveals a number of principles for expressing joy in worship.” Ask a volunteer to take a balloon,
burst it, and read the message inside. As the statement is read, ask the class, “Where in today’s text do you see this
idea?” Repeat this procedure until all 10 statements are read and discussed. The statements as numbered follow the
verse order of today’s text. Random popping will alter that order, so be prepared to confirm responses in that light.
(You can add other truths or principles you see in the text.)
Into Life
Ask learners to help you brainstorm how you would plan and implement a special celebration for a significant
accomplishment or milestone concerning your church. Some possibilities: recognition of your minister’s service to
the congregation (five-year anniversary, etc.), a thank-you dinner for those who have been a part of your church’s life
for a long time, a teacher-appreciation banquet, an anniversary celebration for the existence of the church itself, a
behind-the-scenes service accomplishment (one-time or continuous) that calls for recognition.
If your class chooses to plan such an event, be sure to emphasize in the program the element of thanks to God for
enabling the one(s) being recognized; that element will help your celebration parallel the one in today’s text. The
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celebration your group chooses to plan and implement can be large or small, but any choice the class makes can
reinforce the truths of today’s study.
Option. Distribute copies of the “Let Your Joy Be Known” activity from the reproducible page. Encourage learners
to pair off to discuss the questions together.
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