The Chain of Events
Miss Strantz
A series of events that happen
between 1763-1775 that lead to
the 13 colonies going to war with
Britain
The French and Indian War Ends
Treaty of Paris
(1763)
•British gains all lands
east
ast of the
th Mississippi
M ss ss pp
River and Canada from
France
•British gained Florida
from Spain
•Spain and Great
Britain are the ONLY
major powers in North
America
English Settlements
Spread West
•British
B iti h settlers
ttl
cross
the Appalachian
Mountains in g
greater
numbers
•British wanted to build
settlements
•The British felt entitled
to the land since they
won th
the French
F
h and
d
Indian War
y was
•The Ohio Valley
good farming and hunting
ground
Native Americans React
Indian opposition
•Indian leaders
l
did
not sign
agreements with
h
the British
•They
h were
unwilling to give up
their
h
lland
d because
b
of the French and
B
British
h treaties
Indians Organize
•Led
Led by Chief
Pontiac of the
Ottawa
•Delaware, Huron,
Miami, Ottawa, and
Sh
Shawnee
united
it d
•Their goal was to
drive ALL white
settlers out and give
up
p all European
p
practices
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Pontiac’s Rebellion
•May
y 1763, Indians
attacked frontier forts
•In one month, SEVEN
forts were captured
and/or destroyed by the
Indians
•They
Th failed
f il d to
t capture
t
Fort Detroit or Fort Pitt
g
•Indians, sick of the siege
of the forts, left and
went home
Pontiac surrendered in
•Pontiac
1766
Chief Pontiac
The Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of
1763
•British
British feared more
fighting as colonists kept
moving to the frontier
•Conflicts disrupted trade
•Conflicts cost money
•The
The LAW
•Banned settlements west
of the Appalachian Mts.
•Created a border
between colonial and
Indian lands
•Ordered settlers out of
the Ohio Valley
Settlers Ignore the Law
•Many settlers, who really
had nowhere to go anyway,
anyway
defied or ignored the
Proclamation of 1763
•It was difficult for the
British to enforce
•Explorers
Explorers (like Boone and
Crockett) led people west
anyway
•Frontier settlements grew
•The disregard for British
law showed the increase in
colonial
l
l unhappiness
h
with
h
British control
Taxation
English Debts Grew
•Someone had
h d to pay
for the wars in the
colonies
•Someone had to pay
the standing army
defending the colonies
Taxed Raised
•The Sugar Act of 1764 put
duties on sugar and molasses
imported to the colonies
•This was not done to regulate
trade but to raise money
trade,
•Smuggling rules were tightened
•Vice-Admiralty courts
•No jury
•Guilty until proven
innocent
•Merchants
M ch nts shipping
shippin lists
required
•Ship searches on the ocean
•Those
Th
caught
ht lost
l t ALL goods
d
and their ship
No Taxation Without
Representation!
Colonists Fight the New Taxes
•James
J m s Otis and
nd S
Samuel
mu l Ad
Adams
ms were
leaders in this movement
•British Parliament had no colonial
representatives
p
•Colonists believed they could not be
taxed without representatives in
Parliament
•Committees of Correspondence formed
•This was a network of colonists who
moved ideas to all parts of the
colonies
•This allowed colony wide challenges
to taxes
•Organized boycotts
Boycott refused to buy goods
•Boycottto hurt the seller
Samuel Adams
Any Better Ideas?
Prime Minister George
G
Grenville
ill
Any better ideas?
•British Prime Minister
Grenville heard the
complaints and asked
complaints,
if the colonists had any
better ideas for
raising funds
•The colonists offered
to tax themselves
•P.M. Grenville said
“NO!”
The Stamp Act of 1765
The Stamp Act
•An official stamp (seal) was
required on all purchased paper
items
•Mail
•News
•Wills
•Playing Cards
•Etc.
•Refusal
Refusal to follow the law meant
fines and jail time
•Colonists were also denied a
jury trail for Stamp Act
violations
l
•P.M. Grenville thought it was fair,
British citizens paid a similar tax in
Great Britain
Rejection of the Stamp Act
by Colonists
•The Sons of Liberty and other secrets
societies formed
•They threatened and used
violence against tax collectors
•Courts shut down
•Businesses ignored the Stamp Act
•Patrick Henry (Virginia House of
B
Burgesses)
) said
id it violated
i l t d the
th rights
i ht
of the colonists
•Patrick Henry’s Treason Speech:
•“Caesar had his Brutus;;
Charles the First his Cromwell;
and George the Third—" [Cries
of "Treason! Treason!"]
"George
George the Third may profit
by their example. If this be
treason, make the most of it."
Stamp Act Repealed
The Stamp Act
Congress
•Massachusetts, October
1765 delegates from
1765,
NINE of the thirteen
colonies met to decide how
t handle
to
h dl th
the St
Stamp Act
A t
•They issued a declaration
to Parliament stating
g that
the Stamp Act violated
the rights and liberties of
the colonists
The Stamp
p Act Repealed
p
•In 1766, Parliament
ended the Stamp Act
•They
They also issued the
Declaratory Act
•It stated:
•Parliament
Parliament had
power to make
colonial laws “IN
ALL CASES”
•Parliament made
the rules,
rules NOT
THE COLONISTS
Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts
•June 1767- the Townshend
A
Acts
placed
l
dd
duties
i on iimports
(like glass, lead, paint, paper,
tea, ect.)
•These taxes were created to
pay for the military costs and
salaries of the troops
defending the colonies
•They allowed writs of
assistance- a form allowing tax
collectors to search for
smuggled goods
•It
It violated
vi lated the constitutional
c nstituti nal
rights of British citizens
Colonial Boycotts
•Colonists refused to buy
th
these
goods
d from
f
B
Britain
it i
•Colonial legislatures protested
•The ship Liberty is seized
•It was suspected of
smuggling
•It was John Hancock’s
ship
•Hancock accused tax
collectors of punishing him
for opposing
pp
g the
Townshend Acts
•Sons of Liberty
•They attack the homes of
severall customs officials
ff
l
Britain Takes Action on the
Colonies
Massachusetts Governor takes
Action
•Governor Francis Bernard
broke up the Massachusetts
legislature
•He called British troops into
Massachusetts to restore
order
•Troops arrived in October
1768
The Boston Massacre
¾March 5,
5 1770 – British
soldiers and colonists disliked
each other and often fought or
called
ll d each
h other
th names
¾A lone British soldier was
standing guard in Boston when
h gott into
he
i t a fight
fi ht with
ith a
colonist
¾A crowd gathered, shouting
insults,
l
and
d throwing
h
snowballs.
ll
¾A small group of soldiers
arrived to see what the
commotion was all about.
A Massacre in Boston!
After the soldiers arrived…
•The mob of colonists grew louder
and angrier
•A soldier was hit with a club
•Suddenly, the soldiers fired their
rifles into the crowd
•5 colonists died
•Crispus Attucks a black sailor
was among
g the dead
Colonial Propaganda
•Propaganda – Information giving
only one side in an argument
•Colonists called it a MASSACRE
•They charged the soldiers and
Officer Thomas Preston with
murder
•Josiah Quincy and John Adams
(Bostonians)
(Boston
ans) defended the
soldiers in a trial
•The jury agreed it was selfdefense
•Two soldiers accused of
killing were branded and
released
•The
Th trial
t i l calmed
l d things
thi
d
down
Townshend Acts Repealed
The Townshend Acts
Repealed
•In order to ease
tension, Parliament
repealed the taxes on all
items EXCEPT tea.
•Colonists
C l i t had
h d switched
it h d
to drinking Dutch tea
•British ships blocked
Dutch tea from Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
•Colonists in Boston
announced
d they
h would
ld not
allow British tea to be
unloaded in Boston H
u
Harbor
•December 16, 1773 –
Patriots, disguised as
Indians boarded three
Indians,
British tea ships
•342 tea chests were
opened
d and
dd
dumped
d into
Boston Harbor
Intolerable Acts of 1774
The Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts
•Parliament reacted to the
tea party
•Closed
Closed Boston Harbor
•Stripped the
Massachusetts
government of ALL
power
•Banned town meetings
•Forced the quartering
of British troops in
colonists
co
on sts hom
homess
Colonial Reaction
First Continental Congress
•September 5, 1774 – The First
Continental Congress met in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
•56 delegated from 12
colonies (minus Georgia)
•What
Wh t to
t do
d next?
t?
•Radicals – FIGHT NOW!
•Conservatives-Peaceful
compromise
•They sent a list of complaints to
Parliament
•Declaration
Declaration of Rights
•10 Resolutions
•Called for boycott of British
g
goods
•Warned colonial militias to get
ready!
“Give me liberty or give me
death!”
•Virginian
g
Patrick Henry,
y, in
March of 1775, gave his famous
speech.
•He called for colonists to
raise
is th
the militi
militia and
d train
to fight!
One if by Land!
The British take Boston
•British General Thomas Gage
t k command
takes
d iin B
Boston
t
•The colonial militia weapons
and ammo was stored in
Concord Mass
Concord,
Mass. Only 20 miles
from Boston
•Gage decided to take the
weapons store
•April 18, 1775 – British troops set
out for Concord
•Paul Revere rides ahead
•1 if by land
•2 if by sea
•He roused the minutemen to
assemble
bl and
d prepare to f
fight
h
•“The British are coming!”
The Midnight Ride of Paul
Revere
The Shot Heard ‘Round the World’
April 19, 1775
•About 100 minutemen
assembled in Lexington, Mass.
Led by Captain James Parker
•“Don’t
Don t fire unless fired
upon.” he ordered
•As British troops marched
up, a shot
h t rang out.
t
•No one knows where from
•The battle begins!
g
•It only lasted a few minutes
•8 dead militia
10 wounded militia
•10
The WAR for
Independence has begun!
“By the rude bridge that
arched the flood, Their
flag
g to April's
p
breeze
unfurled, Here once the
embattled farmers stood
And fired the shot heard
round the world."
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The Concord Hymn