The Nature of Matter
A thought experiment of the Greek Philosophers...
TThe Particle Theory of Matter
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Matter is any substance which has both __________ and ____________. All substances consist of matter! Matter can be classified according to its properties.
One way to classify matter can be based on its particle composition.
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Classification of Matter
All Matter can be divided into one of two catergories
____________________ AND _____________________
A) Pure Substances
A pure substance is one where all particles in the substance are ______________. There are two subcatergories:
1) Elements – contain only one kind of ____________. They are identified by a chemical symbol. Ex. Element: ______________
2) Compounds ­ contains two or more types of ___________ bonded together. Compound: ______________________
Ex. Other compounds: H
O
H
H
H
Cl
H
Cl
H
H
H
O
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
C
H
H
H
O
C
H
C
C
H
C
O
O
C
O
H
O
C
O
H
H
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B) Mixtures
A mixture contains different types of ______________ that are mixed together, but not joined.
There are two types of mixtures: ____________________ and _______________________ mixtures.
1) Homogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures that have ONE _____________ component
3 Types of homogeneous mixtures include: i)Solutions ii) Alloys iii) Gases
i. Solutions
One substance (the solute) is ___________ in another substance (the solvent).
Ex. Salt dissolved in water
H
H
O
Cl
O
Cl
Na
Na
H
H
ii. Alloys
A homogeneous mixture of one or more _________
Ex. Gold, steel, brass
Cu
Au
Zn
Au
Zn
Cu
iii. Gases
A homogeneous mixture of one or more gases.
Ex. Air­ contains a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and trace gases.s
N
O
O
C
O
N
O
O
C
O
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2) Heterogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures that have ____________________ visible component
Three types of heterogeneous mixtures include:
i) Colloids ii) Suspensions iii) Ordinary mixtures
i. Colloids
Although particles are extremely small (not visible to the naked eye) they can be separated from the mixture physically.
Ex. Milk, whipped cream, paint, butter
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
O
H
O
H
H
ii. Suspensions
A mixture consisting of a liquid or gas with small particles (can be seen with a lens) distributed within it.
Particles will separate out if left undisturbed.
Ex. Clay in water
H
H
O
H
O
O
H
H
H
Colloids and Suspensions look like solutions­ but be careful they are not
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iii. Ordinary Mixtures
Particles in the mixture are large enough to _______ and stay mixed rather than separating. Ex. soil
Homework: 1. On a separate sheet of paper, create a chart with two columns: mixtures and solutions.
Determine the category that each of the following types of matter belong:
­ pizza
­ shampoo
­ jello
­ sand
­ apple juice
­ yogurt
­ rocky road ice cream
­ face cream
­ coffee grinds
­ plastic cup
­ picture book
­ milk
­ egg
­ chocolate chip cookie
­ dish soap
­ paper towel
2. Name three different elements that you are familiar with. Explain why these types of matter are considered to be elements. 3. Name three different compounds that you are familiar with. Explain why these types of matter are
considered to be compounds. 4. Look around your house and find five items, other than the ones listed above, that would be classified as a solution and five that would be classified as a mixture. 5
Classification of Matter
one basic type of particle
2 or more elements in the basic particle
1 element in the basic particle
more than one type of particle
only 1 visible substance or phase
2 or more visible parts or phases
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