Cartography today
Cartography today
• Relevance of Cartography
• About Cartography
Menno-Jan Kraak
• Definition debate
• ICA context / developments
• Maps
• International Map Year
• Definition
• Changing roles
Relevance of cartography
About Cartography
• The killer maps…….(innovations that did really matter)
• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps
[ICA Strategic Plan 2003–2011]
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Survey Dresden 2013 / 142 entries
About Cartography
CARTOGRAPHY
art
science
Tools
technology
making
Process
using
[Kraak, M.J., (2014) ICA survey on definitions, in ICA News. Issue 62, pp.7-8]
MAPS
About Cartography
About Cartography
• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps
• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps
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map title
MEASUREMENT LEVEL
LENGTH
legend
’s
Bertin
nominal
(qualitative)
ordered
interval
ratio
(quantitative)
geo
nalys
Data A
PERCEPTUAL
PROPERTIES
RANGE
differentiation
order
distance
proportion
is
VISUAL
VARIABLES
size
value
texture
color
orientation
shape
BASIC
SYMBOLS
point
line
area
text
MAP
About Cartography
About Cartography
• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps
• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps
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make
lay
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Interne
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About Cartography
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onals
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The sustainability of the definition
• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps
art
science
technology
making
using
a to b =
50km
ne
Everyo
use
B
A
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
The sustainability of the definition
art
1960
science
1970
technology
1980
1990
The sustainability of the definition
making
2000
2010
using
2020
The sustainability of the definition
art
1960
technology
science
1970
1980
1990
art
1960
science
1970
technology
1980
1990
making
2000
2010
using
2020
The sustainability of the definition
making
2000
2010
using
2020
art
1960
technology
science
1970
1980
1990
making
2000
2010
using
2020
The sustainability of the definition
art
1960
science
1970
1980
technology
1990
The sustainability of the definition
making
2000
2010
using
2020
The sustainability of the definition
art
1960
science
1970
technology
1980
1990
making
2000
2010
using
2020
The elasticity of the definition: push and pull by developments
Info vis
Internet
art
science
technology
using
making
art
Designers
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Professionals
Data Vis
science
technology
GIScience
GPS
making
using
Crowd
D3
About Cartography
• Do we need a new definition?
What about the relation
between the definition and activities within ICA over time?
CARTOGRAPHY
• Not likely…..
art
• It is simple and clean, and hype-proof
• Developments will play the elasticity of the chain of keywords
science
technology
• Debate is always possible:
• are these the right keywords?
• what is meaning of the keywords?
• should it be more extensive?
making
using
MAPS
Spatialization of the work of the
International Cartographic Society 1993-2013
CARTOGRAPHY
art
science
technology
making
using
MAPS
Oliver Deseoe’s MSc thesis / based on ICC proceedings 1993-2013, with 4922 articles
Spatialization of the work of the
International Cartographic Society 1993-2013
Contribution
of Commissions and Working Groups to Cartography
Ubiquitous Mapping
Contribution
of Commissions and Working Groups to Cartography
Topographic Mapping Mountain Cartography Toponymy Map Projections the History of Cartography
Map Production and Geoinformation Management Art and Cartography GI for Sustainability Cartographic Heritage into the Digital
Atlases Cartography in Early Warning and Crisis Management SDI and Standards Location Based Services Maps and the Internet
Cognitive Issues in Geographic Information Visualization Generalisation and Multiple Representations Education and Training
Planetary Cartography Visual Analytics Cartography and Children Map Design Geospatial Analysis and Modeling Sensor-driven Mapping
Open Source Geospatial Technologies Use, User and Usability Issues Maps and Graphics for Blind and Partially Sighted People
art
science
technology
making
art
using
science
technology
Mountain Cartography
Toponymy
Art and Cartography
Map Design
SDI and Standards
Generalisation and Multiple Representations
Planetary Cartography
Cognitive Issues in Geographic Information Visualization
Geospatial Analysis and Modeling
Visual Analytics
Open Source Geospatial Technologies
Location Based Services
Maps and the Internet
Maps and Graphics for Blind and Partially Sighted People
Cartographic Heritage into the Digital
making
using
Atlases
Ubiquitous Mapping
Use, User and Usability Issues
Map Projections
Topographic Mapping
Cartography and Children
Map Production and Geoinformation Management
GI for Sustainability
Education and Training
Sensor-driven Mapping
Cartography in Early Warning and Crisis Management
the History of Cartography
Commissions and Working Groups over time
Link between….
32
• History of the commissions
Tourist
Africa
• Time series of spatialization
28
Toponomy
Census
Neocartography
Marine
Crime
Society
Topo Mapping
Open Data
• Elasticity of the definition
24
Gender
16
Market
IFLA
IGU Atlas
12
Communication
Art
Art
Early Warning
Early Warning
Sustainability
Sustainability
Society
Open source
Open source
Theory
Base map theme
4
Carlo info
1964
1968
1972
Commissions
1976
1980
1984
Working Groups
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
Design
Analysis
Analysis
Analysis
Census
Heritage
Heritage
Heritage
Gender
Use
Use
Use
Use
Ubiqutous
Ubiqutous
Ubiqutous
Ubiqutous
Gender
Gender
Projections
Projections
Projections
Projections
Mountain
Mountain
Mountain
Mountain
Mountain
Census
IGU Atlas
Design
Updating
Planetary
Internet
Planetary
Internet
Planetary
Internet
Planetary
Internet
Planetary
Internet
Marine
Urban
Children
Children
Children
Children
Children
Census
Quality
Generalization
Generalization
Generalization
Generalization
Generalization
IFLA
Urban
Visualization
Visualization
Visualization
Visualization
Visualization
Visualization
Census
Map Use
Standards
Standards
Standards
Standards
Standards
Standards
Standards
Communication
Communication
Urban
Market
Atlasses
Atlasses
Atlasses
Atlasses
Atlasses
Atlasses
Atlasses
Marine
Base Maps
Reg. Planning
Blind
Blind
Blind
Blind
Blind
Blind
Blind
History
Marine
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Sensors
Technology
History
Marine
Marine
Quality
Marine
Marine
Marine
Marine
Cognition
Cognition
Nat. Recources
8
0
Theory
IFLA
LBS
Art
Sustainability
Generalization
Use
IGU Atlas
ICA.FIG.ISP
Quality
IMY
Early Warning
Gender
20
UNGGIM
Open source
History
History
History
History
History
Blind
Thematic
Thematic
Technology
History
History
History
Terminology
Terminology
Terminology
Terminology
Computer Ass.
Adv. Technology
Adv. Technology
Theory
Theory
Theory
Theory
Theory
Toponomy
Automation
Automation
Automation
Automation
Map Production
Map Production
Map Production
Map Production
Map Production
Map Production
Map Production
Map Production
Map Production
History
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Cartography and maps
Map
CARTOGRAPHY
• A map is a symbolised representation of geographical reality,
representing selected features or characteristics, resulting from the
creative effort of its author’s execution of choices, and is designed
for use when spatial relationships are of primary relevance.
We do have a definition!
art
science
[ICA Strategic Plan 2003–2011]
technology
making
using
[Kraak, M.J., (2014) ICA survey on definitions, in ICA News. Issue 62, pp.7-8]
MAPS
Do we have a definition?
Survey Dresden 2013 / 142 entries
Map
Something more simple
• A visual representation of the environment
• internal (mental maps)
• external (interface to the world)
[Kraak, M.J., (2014) ICA survey on definitions, in ICA News. Issue 62, pp.7-8]
The International Map Year [ mapyear.org ]
Changes: Cartography and maps
• Design and create maps that are ’authoritative’ and offer insight and
support decision making
• Yesterday
• Filling gaps to present the essence of the message
• Today
• Retrieve the essence and presented interactively in multiple
alternatives allowing the user to interact, change, and ultimately
understand
Let’s make the world a better place with maps