Political Science 143G
Professor Jo el Samo ff
Monday and Wednesdays, 1:15-3:05
Winter 200 2/2003 , C O U R S E S Y L LA B U S
SOUTH AFRICAN POLITIC S: LIBERATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
Institution alized racia l discrimin ation form ally ended in South A frica with a m ajority rule election, a
new government, and Nelson Mandela as president in 1994. That transition was both conflictual and
negotiate d. Reducing violence and promoting reconciliation were high on the political agenda. How to build a
new futu re on that re jected and unstable foundatio n? Ho w to cons truct a non -racist, non-se xist, dem ocratic
society? We will focus on the politics of liberation and reconstruction, with special attention to the sources,
forms, an d challeng es of evolv ing dem ocratic pra ctice. We will address persisting conflicts in several arenas,
including education and public health.
Politics has to do with interests, organizations, conflict, and power. Every political system must deal
with conflicting interests and pr eferences, man y strongly felt, passionately articu lated, and forcefully
defended. A major challenge for South Africa sin ce 1994 ha s been finding wa ys to deal with those co nflicts
that impla nt and stre ngthen ne w political in stitutions, tha t build on th e activism and ener gy of the an tiapartheid struggle, tha t recognize deep wo unds an d irreconc ilable exp ectations, th at suppo rt econom ic
transformation and job creation, and that address popular demands for im proved education, health, water,
sanitation, and housing. Whose agenda is to prevail? How is that to be determined? How are majority and
minority concerns to be addressed? To whom are new institutions accountable?
Our concern will be to address how those and related issues have been addressed in South Africa.
While our principal focus will be on the period since the majority rule election in April 1994, that will require
systematic attention to the apartheid era and earlier roots for contemporary politics and to relevant
experien ces elsew here. Ou r tasks are thus sim ultaneo usly desc riptive (w hat has ha ppened /what is
happening?), analytic (how can we explain what we observe?), and synthetic (what tools must we develop for
our analysis? what are the major components of our explanations?). Individual student projects will assist us
in linking broad overviews to the detailed understanding of specific events and relationships.
This course has no prerequisites and will not assume particular prior knowledge or experiences. In
the expe ctation that s tudents w ill have div erse back ground s and differe nt level of fam iliarity with A frica in
general and South Africa in particular, the course will enable participants to develop their own interests and
their expe rtise. For those who have already worked on Africa, this course will provide opportunities to extend
and refine their analysis.
This course will require both broad and focused reading by its participants. That reading must be
critical and a nalytical. T he assigne d reading s are of cou rse entry p oints to the to pics consid ered. A ccordingly,
course participants will be expected to develop their own supplementary reading lists throughout the Qu arter.
Organization
This cou rse will com bine the b readth of a survey a nd the inter active style o f a semin ar. We will meet
twice weekly for two hours. I will introduce the topics, explore major themes, review relevant literature, and
suggest appropriate readings. Class participants will share responsibility for developing our observations and
analyses, for summarizing and criticizing their readings, and for informing and shaping our discussions,
Each cla ss participa nt will select , early in the Q uarter, a p articular o rganizatio n or individ ual in
contemporary South A frica for continuing attention throughout the course. As the Quarter progresses, class
participants will focus part of their effort on that organization or individual, including noting current events,
developing a relevant bibliography, doing supplementary reading, and sharing their puzzles, observations, and
insights with other class members.
Since the combination of the academic calendar and Winter Quarter holidays substantially reduce
our class time, as the Quarter progresses we will adjust our schedule to accom modate the holidays.
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 2
Requirem ents
This class will depend on active student participation. Students will be expected to do the necessary
reading for the cou rse, both from the readings suggeste d in the syllabus and from sources they locate
themselves. Students will be expected as well to participate in our collective effort, including reporting on
particular readings, presenting their own ideas and insights, and providing feedback to their colleagues.
The principal w ritten work for this cou rse will focus on an in dividually selected top ic—a politically
active individual or organization. Students will choose that topic early in the Quarter and begin with a
historical overview and preliminary bibliography focused on that topic. A subsequent short paper w ill analyze
that topic’s role in a prominent domain of contemporary politics (drafting the post-apartheid constitution,
provincialization, or education). The final research paper will explore and analyze the selected individual’s or
organiza tion’s role in contem porary S outh A frican politics . Periodically , class particip ants will re port on the ir
topics and their analyses in progress.
Clearly, this course will require initiative, self-direction, and collective responsibility on the part of
each par ticipant. Ea ch individu al's own w ork is inten ded to con tribute to a collective p roduct. F or that to be
possible, each individual's own work must be thorough, creative, and timely.
Except by special arrangement, written work will be expected when due and will not be accepted after
the last class meeting.
Readings
Several sorts of readings are necessary for this class: broad overviews of major events and actors,
analyses of specific issues and interactions in South African politics (including economy and society), and
empirical studies of particular people, places, and events. Both to provide alternative perspectives and
because many incisive commentaries are found outside the realms of research libraries, scholarly journals, and
academic publishers, we will also draw on the observations and analyses presented in novels, poetry, and
drama.
The Stanford Bookstore has been asked to stock the following books, all available in paperbound
editions.
Zakes M da, Ways of Dying (New York: Picador, 2002 c1995)
Ashwin Desai, We are the Poors: Community Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa (New York:
Monthly Review Press, 2002)
Tom Lodge, Politics in South Africa : From Mandela to Mbeki (Bloomin gton: Indiana U niversity
Press, 2003)
Hein M arais, South Africa: Limits to Change—The Political Economy of Transformation (London:
Zed Books, Second Edition, 2001)
To supple ment tho se book s, all class pa rticipants w ill be expe cted as we ll to review additiona l basic
readings for course topics, available as a Course Reader in the Stanford Bookstore.
Class participants may find especially useful, both for the course and as basic resources, several other
books we will use regularly throughout the Q uarter (available in paperbound edition; listed in the Stanford
Bookstore as Recommended )—
A substantial and engaging social history of South Africa, recently revised (excellent basic reference
for students with a strong historical interest):
William B einart, Twentieth-Century South Africa (Oxford: Oxford University Press, Revised Edition,
2001)
An insightful commentary by an experienced South African journalist who has also been a participant
in critical meetings and negotiations:
Alister Sp arks, Beyond the Miracle: Inside the New South Africa (Johannesbu rg: Jonathan Ba ll
Publishers, 2003)
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 3
An outstanding collection of very recent analyses by political scientists and other scholars who focus
on contemporary South Africa has just been published. Since this book is an excellent basic reference for
students who anticipate further work on and/or in South Africa, a few copies will be available in the Stanford
Bookstore:
John Da niel, A dam Habib, and Roger Sou thall, editors , State of the Nation: South Africa 2003–2004
(Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2003)
Most course readings will also be available in Green Library Reserves. Selected co urse readings w ill
be available in electronic form on the course web site (in CourseWork).
Readings for each topic are listed in the schedule of seminar sessions. Since some important sources,
especially those we identify during the Q uarter, may n ot be on library rese rve, course participa nts will need to
locate them in the gene ral library co llections or o nline and share the m with o ther class m embe rs. L et me know
immediately if needed sources seem to be unavailable.
Course pa rticipants will need to sup plement those suggested read ings with other m aterials relevant to
the specific topics considered on which they focus.
Studying contemporary South A frica requires regular use of electronic as well as print sources.
Course assignments and discussions will therefore encourage students to develop their electronic searching
and locating skills for sources available in both print and electronic form. Since all students should have ready
access to online sources, with the exception of a few especially important documents, sources available online
will not be printed and added to library reserve.
The list of class sessions, top ics, and dates, along w ith suggested read ings, is attached. The m aterials
included in Course Reader are marked r . The lists of readings for each theme are of course themselves
introductions to broad topics and themes. Course participants will need, therefore, to develop the skills of
addressing a list that contains more readings than can be accomplished within a single week and that must be
supplemented by additional readings selected by each individual. Those skills include: identifying quickly the
major thrust of the argumen t presented in an article o r book; survey ing the contents of a boo k through its
preface, introduction, table of contents, and initial and concluding chapters; associating authors with particular schools of thought and/or methodologies; reading for a narrowly defined purpose; building on reading
previously done; and sharing reading responsibilities with other class members. Each week, each class member
will need to ma ke judicious choices about wha t to read and how to read it.
Evaluation and Grading
The primary criteria for grading will be individual progress (in mastery of the course themes and
relevant literature and in critical, analytic, and synthetic skills) throughout the Quarter and contribution to the
collective effort of the class. Thus, no student will be disadvantaged by a relatively more limited background at
the outset.
Written work will be e valuated as it is sub mitted. I am ha ppy to meet w ith course participants to
supplement the written evaluations.
This course will require a substantial independent and self-sustained effort, as well as a creative
contribu tion to a colle ctive enter prise. For those who accept that challenge, the course should prove
demanding, involving, and rewarding.
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 4
Schedule of Class Sessions
Introduction: South African Politics—Liberation and Reconstr uction (7 January)
Our principal concerns in this initial session are to introduce the course content and organize the
course, to explore the interests of course participants, and to begin to address general issues of approach and
method in the study of South African politics.
Lodge , Politics in South Africa, Prologue and Ch apter 1
Mara is, Limits to Change, Introduction
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Prologue
Zakes Mda, Ways of Dying
The Roots of Segregation (12, 14 January)
The politics of contemporary South Africa have strong roots in the era of apartheid, institutionalized
racial discrimination. After a very brief overview of earlier South African history, we will explore the political
economy of 20th Century South Africa. What have been the links among the transformations of the
organization of production, the structure of power, and social stratification? While our principal focus will be
on events within South Africa, we must also be attentive to the regional and global contexts for those events.
Mara is, Limits to Change, Chapter 1
Beinart, Twentieth-Century South Africa, Part I
Libera tion Str uggles (21, 26 January)
Challenges to white rule in South Africa have had m any forms, including efforts to reform
discriminatory rules, opposition to agricultural policies and taxation, strikes, boycotts, less and more violent
community mobilization, sabotage, guerrilla war, protests embedded in literature, music, and drama, and
more. W e will explore the roots and evolution of the liberation struggle. How did a reformist orientation
become m ass action and pas sive resistance? H ow did non-viole nt commu nity mobilization be come gue rrilla
struggle? What have been the roles of workers’, students’, women’s, and other organizations? What were the
paths from the student uprisings of the 1970s to the Emergencies of the 1980s to the negotiations and
elections of the 1990s?
Mara is, Limits to Change, Chapter 2–3
Beinart, Twentieth-Century South Africa, Part II
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapters Three–Four, Seven
supplementary readings
[Note: The list of supplementary readings is especially lengthy today to help you work on:
(1) developing a clear sense of an author’s major concerns and argument after a quick reading,
(2) review ing multiple readings q uickly to dete rmine w hich bes t meet you r needs (a nd there fore to
which yo u will return) ,(3) associa ting author s with a pa rticular appr oach or sc hool of tho ught,
and (4) building on previous reading. Hence, you should look at all of these readings and then
select a few for careful a ttention.]
Z. Pallo Jo rdan, “Soc ialist Transformation and the Freedom Charter,” in Bernard Magubane and Ibbo
Mand aza, edito rs, Whither South Africa?, pp. 89-110
Berna rd Ma guban e, South Africa: From Soweto to Uitenhage: The Political Economy of the South African
Revolution, Chap ters I-II, IV, and V III
Nelson Mand ela, Long Walk to Freedom, Part Four, “The Struggle is My Life” and Part Ten, “Talking
W ith the Enemy”
Mzw anele M ayekiso , Township Politics: Civic Struggles for a New South Africa, Chapters 1, 3, 7, 8, 11
Martin Murray, The Revolution Deferred: The Painful Birth o f Post-Apartheid South Africa, Chapters 3 -6
Alister Sp arks, Tomorrow Is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa's Negotiated Revolution,
Chapters 4-5 (and skim)
Rober t M. Price , The Apa rtheid State in Crisis: P olitical Transformation in South Africa, 1975-1990,
Chapters 5 -6, 8-9
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 5
Stephen Zunes, “The Role of Non-Violent Action in the Downfall of Apartheid,” Journal of M odern
African Studies 37,1 (March 1999):137-169
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Regional Politics (28 January)
Notwithstanding their powerful local dynamics, both earlier and contemporary Sou th African politics
have be en strongly influenced by events beyond South A frica’s bord ers. For a time, South Africa’s minority
rulers benefitted from their international conne ctions and regional do minance. E specially as colonial rule
ended in the rest of Africa, however, politics within South Africa were increasingly shaped by regional links
and pressures. That pattern has continued after the 1994 m ajority rule election. Our concerns, therefore, are
to explore South African politics as a function of politics in southern Africa and correspondingly, southern
African politics as a function of events and transitions within South Africa.
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapter Fifteen
r Schoeman, “South Africa as an emerging middle power: 1994–2003,” in John Daniel et al., editors,
State of the Nation: South Africa 2003–2004
supplementary readings
Daniel et al., “The S outh Africans h ave arrived: P ost-apartheid corporate expansion into Africa,” in John
Daniel e t al., editors, State of the Nation: South Africa 2003–2004
Mass Demo cracy an d the En trenchm ent of P rivilege: Constitution-Making (2 February)
We begin today the exploration of three arenas of contested transition in post-apartheid South Africa.
Mass mobiliza tion and citize n participa tion prope lled the tran sition to m ajority rule in South A frica. Or did
they? South A frica’s post-apartheid constitu tion entrenches and protects grass roots de mocracy. O r does it?
Our concer n today is to explore co nstitution-making a nd thereby the efforts to negotiate acceptable
comprom ises among sh arply conflicting, often incom patible, interests and exp ectations. How to achieve both
transformation and reconciliation? How to combine m ajority rule and minority rights? What is justice? Whose
interests should have the highest priority? Whose interests do have the highest priority?
r Steven Friedma n, and D oreen A tkinson, ed itors, South African R eview 7 : The S mall M iracle— South
Africa’s N egotiate d Settlem ent, Chapters Four (Atkinson), Six (Humphries, Rapoo, and Friedman),
and Twelve (Friedman and Stack)
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapter One
r Alexander, An Ordina ry Country,Chapter 4
supplementary readings
Beinart, Twentieth-Century South Africa, Chapter 11
Roger Southall, "The South African Elections of 1994: The Remaking of a Dominant-Party State ." Journal
of Modern African Studies 32, 4 (December 1994): 629-655
The Terrain of Go vernance: P rovincialization (4 February)
Even though South A frica was created as a Union of provinces with divergent histories, populations,
and interests, for most of the 20 th Century South Africa has had strongly centralized authority. Most people,
including both apartheid’s defenders and its challengers, expected that to continue indefinitely. The
negotiations that led to the new constitution an d 1994 election , however, prescr ibed a strong gove rning role
for the country’s nine new provinces. Why? W hat have been the consequences?
Lodge , Politics in South Africa, Chapters 2, 5–6
Atkinson , “The state of local go vernm ent: Third-g eneration issues,” in D aniel et al., State of the Nation:
South Africa 2003–2004
Education: liberation; control; liberation? (9 February)
Often throughout the 20th Century education has been at the center of South African struggle. Just as
Bantu Education wa s designed to allocate roles and constrain aspirations, so was People’s Education
conceived as a stra tegy for mobilization a gainst discrimination a nd oppression. M any people ex pected postapartheid South A frica to hav e a radical ly different e ducation system. Yet much of the d ebate today see ms to
assume that once they have been desegregated, schools will be organized and function pretty much as they
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 6
have in the past. Here, then, is another of South Africa’s contested transitions. What are the competing
agendas? Whose agendas are they? What are the current forms of struggle in this domain?
r Michael Cross and Linda Chisholm, “The Roots of Segregated Schooling in Twentie th-Ce ntury S outh
Africa,” in Mokubung Nkomo, editor, Pedago gy of Dom ination: Towa rd De moc ratic Ed ucatio n in
South Africa, pp. 43-74
r Clive Harber, “Red ress a nd Pr oces s: Edu cation al Refo rm in th e New South Africa ,” in Len e Buc hert,
editor, Education Reform in the South in the 1990s, pp. 75-87
Chisholm, “The state of curriculum reform in South Africa: The issue of Curriculum 2005,” in Daniel et
al., State of the Nation: South Africa 2003–2004
r African N ational Co ngress , The Reconstruction and Development Programme: A Policy Framework,
“Developing Our Human Resources,” pp. 58-68
r The Children’s Charter of South Africa (Adopted by Children’s Summit of South Africa, 1 June 1992)
supplementary readings
Jonathan D. Jansen, “The Race for Education Policy After Apartheid,” in Yusuf Sayed and Jonathan D.
Jansen , editors, Implementing Education Policies: The South African Experience, pp. 12–24
Jonathan Jansen, “Knowledge and Power in the World System: The South African Case,” in Jonathan
Jansen, editor, Knowledge and Powe r in So uth Afric a: Critic al P erspectives Across the Disciplines
Politics takes man y forms 1: P arties and elections (11, 18 February)
We begin this week our more detailed exploration of politics in contemporary South A frica. Most
South Africans were excluded from elections and party competition until April 1994. What have been the
patterns since then? What have been the rationales for and consequences of encouraging a proliferation of
parties for the 1994 and 1999 elections? forming a government of national unity? withdrawing from the
government of national unity? organizing alliances among ostensibly incompatible opponents of the African
National Congress? adopting proportional representation and party list elections? . . . ? As we explore these
and related issues, we will need to focus on the links between the forms of politics and political outcomes and
on whose interests seem best served by particular political arrangements.
Lodge , Politics in South Africa, Chap ters 1, 8
r Richard Calland, “Democratic Government, South African Style 1994–1999,” in Andrew Reynolds,
editor, Electio n ‘99 Sou th Africa : From Man dela to Mbe ki, pp. 1–15
r Southall, “The state of party politics: Struggles within the Tripartite Alliance and the decline of
oppos ition, in Dan iel et al., State of the Nation: South Africa 2003–2004
supplementary readings
Maré, “ The state o f the state: C ontestation and rac e re-asse rtion in a neo liberal terrain,” in Daniel e t al.,
State of the Nation: South Africa 2003–2004
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapter Thirteen
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Politics takes many forms 2: Civics and Community Organizations (23 February)
Mass mobilization was the principal political strategy of apartheid’s opponents over several decades
and particularly in the 1980s and early 1990s. What happened to that energy and organization after the new
government took power in M ay 1994? W hy? As Desai and others point out, a good dea l of contemporary
comm unity orga nizing challe nges the go vernm ent, both lo cal and na tional, and often the A NC d irectly. For
some o bserver s, the respo nses of the governm ent elected by two thir ds of the vo ters have been distin ctly antidemocratic. What are the focuses of community politics across South Africa? What is their national
significance?
Lodge , Politics in South Africa, Chapter 10
Desai, We Are the Poors, Chapters 1–12, 16
Habib, “State-civil society relations in post-aparthe id South Africa,” in D aniel et al., State of the Nation:
South Africa 2003–2004
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Politics takes many forms 3: Identities and Identity Politics (25 February)
For many observers, both inside and outside the country, South African politics largely revolve
around the creatio n and m obilization of identities, e specially tho se of race a nd ethnicity . For others, that
assertion is itself a conte ntious claim . Some in sist they are born Bl ack, or Z ulu, or In dian, or fem ale. In this
view, people cannot choose or easily modify who they are. Others, however, insist equally energetically that
identities are socially constructed and can therefore be socially modified. Since we too face discrimination
because of race and skin color, we to o are black, asserted South African m ilitants who were th emselves lega lly
categorized as Indian or Coloured. In this session we consider identities—asserted and assigned, inherited and
created—as an engine, a focus, and a form of Sou th African politics.
r Alexander, An Ordina ry Country,Chap ters 1, 5
r Mangcu, “The state of race relations in post-aparthe id South Africa,” in D aniel et al., State of the Nation:
South Africa 2003–2004
r Leroy Vail, “Introduction: Ethnicity in Southern African History,” in Leroy Vail, editor, The Creation of
Tribalism in South and C entral Africa . Perspectives on Southern Africa, pp. 1-19
r Deborah Posel, “Race as Common Sense: Racial Classification in Twentieth-C entury S outh Afric a,”
African Studies Review, 44,2(September 2001):87–113
supplementary readings
Robert Price, “Race and R econciliation in the New South Africa,” Politics and Society 25, 2 (Jun e 1997):
149-178
Ivy Mats epe Ca saburri, “O n the Qu estion of W omen in South Africa,” in Bernard Magubane and Ibbo
Mand aza, edito rs, Whither South Africa?, pp. 137-159
Edward Ramsamy, “Post-Settlement South Africa and the National Question: The Case of the Indian
Mino rity,” Critical Sociology 22, 3 (1996): 57-77
Dubow, Scientific Racism in Modern South Africa, Chapters 1 (Introduction) and 8 (Conclusion)
Walker, Women and Resistance in South Africa, Chapters 1, 22, and Appendix A
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From Redevelopment to Reconstr uction: RDP ÷ GEAR (1 March)
For much of their history, the African National Congress and its allies, especially the unions and the
Comm unist Party, linked opposition to apartheid to opposition to capitalism as an economic, social, and
political syste m. Yet since assuming office, that coalition has embraced an understanding of South African
development, indeed of the global political economy, that seems strikingly similar to the perspective of the
World Bank, the United States, and other advocates of a capitalist world system. That became especially clear
in the mid 1990s when the Reconstruction and Developm ent Program me wa s succeed ed by an e conom ic
strategy labeled Growth, Employment, and Redistribution. Have South African comm unism and socialism
become little more than political slogans? Or have South Africans assumed global responsibility for defining
communism and socialism in the post-Soviet Union era? Are South A frican workers and employers
argumentative potential allies or implacable enemies?
Lodge , Politics in South Africa, Chapter 3
Mara is, Limits to Change, Chapters 4–7
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapters None–Ten
South A frica, Growth, Employment and Redistribution: A Macroeconomic Strategy 14 June 1996
<http://www.polity.org.za/govdocs/policy/growth.html> [3 parts; 2003.11.10]
supplementary readings
Glenn Adler, and Eddie Webster, “Challenging Transition Theory: The Labor Movement, Radical
Reform, and Transition to Democracy in Sou th Africa,” Politics and Society 23,1(March 1995): 75-106
Eddie Webster and Glenn Adler, “Toward a Class Comprom ise in South Africa’s ‘Double Transition’:
Bargained Liberalization and the Consolidation of Democracy,” Politics and Society 27,3(September
1999): 347-385
Nattrass , “The state of the eco nomy : A crisis of e mploy ment,” in D aniel et al., State of th e Nation : South
Africa 2003–2004
Glenn Adler and Eddie Webster, “South Africa: Class Com promise . . .” Southern Africa Repo rt 15,2
(2nd Qu arter 2000 ): 3-7
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 8
Carolyn Bassett and M arlea Clarke, “South Africa: . . . Class Struggle,” Southern Africa Repo rt 15,2 (2nd
Quarter 2000): 7-10
From Redevelopment to Reconstr uction: Truth and Reconciliation (3 March)
A major challenge for post-apartheid South Africa has been how to forge unity in a sharply divided
society in which until very recently political opponents dealt with each other more by arrest, assault, and
assassina tion than b y discussio n and reco nciliation. R acial discrimination, systematic exploitation, and
repression were fundamental features of South African laws, government, and politics for several hundred
years. In th e 1990 s that history was form ally rejected . Political participation, universal su ffrage, and a majo rity
government became the order of the day. But how to promote unity in this very divided society? The demand
to convict and imprison apartheid’s leaders and administrators was loud and strong. The new South African
government, however, opted for reconciliation. A very visible and very prestigious Truth and Reconciliation
Commission was created to expose what had happened and for those who cooperated, including assassins and
torturers, to grant amnesty. How to understand the TRC? Was it an imaginative and innovative strategy for
combining justice and reconciliation? an undesirable but necessary political compromise? popular theater? an
effort to sha pe attitude s, morals , and ethics? a strategy fo r diverting a ttention from the slow p rogress in
providing employment, housing, and social services? The TRC remains enigmatic. W hose interests were
served? With what consequences?
Explore the web site of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission <http://www.truth.org.z a> . You
should be sure to locate and skim a copy of the Commission’s Final Report (which is not available on
the TRC’s web site).
Lodge , Politics in South Africa, Chapter 9
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapter Eight
r Fullard and Rousseau, “An imperfect past: The Truth a nd R eco ncilia tion C omm ission in tran sition, ” in
Daniel e t al., State of the Nation: South Africa 2003–2004
supplementary readings
Antjie Kro g, Cou ntry of M y Sku ll (a very personal account of the TRC)
Desai, We Are the Poors, Chapter 15
Elizabeth Stanley, “Evaluating the Truth and Reconciliation Comm ission,” Journal of Modern African
Studies 39,3(September 2001):525-546
Alexander, An Ordina ry Country,Chapter 6
James L . Gibson and Am anda Gouw s, “Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Attributions of Blame
and the Struggle Over A partheid,” American Political Science Review 93,3 September 1999):501-517
W ilmot James and Linda van de Vijver, editors, After the TRC: Reflections on Truth an d Re conc iliation in
South Africa, especially Colin Bundy, “The Beast of the Past: History and the TRC”
Beinart, Twentieth-Century South Africa, Chapter 12
From Redevelopment to Reconstr uction: HIV/AIDS (8 March)
Barely in view during the negotiations of the early 1990s, HIV/AIDS has made health policy one of
the mos t contentiou s arenas o f contem porary S outh A frican politics . For some, South Africa’s president is a
heroic de fender of A frican intere sts and A frican solu tions to pre ssing prob lems. For others, he has become
the majo r obstacle to develo ping an effe ctive strateg y for a scou rge that thre atens to de cimate S outh A frica’s
population and undermine its progress. While our primary concern is with the politics of health policy, we
need also to understand the arguments about the nature of HIV and AIDS and about the ethics of medical
research. Who are the contending forces in this arena? What are their strategies and tactics? What have been
the political and policy consequences?
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapter Fourteen
r Mbali, “HIV/AIDS policy-making in post-aparthe id South Africa,” in D aniel et al., State of the Nation:
South Africa 2003–2004
Bond , Against Global Apartheid: South Africa Meets the World Bank, IMF and International Finance,
Chapter Eight
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 9
supplementary readings
Helen Epstein, “The Mystery of AIDS in South Africa,” New York Review of Books (20 July 2000)
<www.nybooks.com/articles/9> [2001.11.08]
The UNAIDS web site (www.unaids.org) is very useful, both for broad overviews and for current
detailed information. Note, however, that the UNAIDS we b site has been reorganized to require
visitors to use the home page <www.unaids.org> and then jump to specific documents rather
than u sing the URL for eac h individ ual do cum ent.
United N ations Sp ecial Ses sion on A ids, Fact Sheet: HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa (September 2003)
Available with other UNAIDS fact sheets at <http://www.unaids.org/en/media/fact+sheets.asp>
[2003.11.10]
UNA IDS. Accelerating Action Against AIDS in Africa <http://www.unaids.org/html/pub/UNA-docs/
ICASA_Report_2003_en_pdf.pdf> [2003.12.12]
UNA IDS, AIDS E pidem ic Upda te (Geneva: UNAIDS, December 2003) <http://www.unaids.org>
[2003.12.12]
UNA IDS. The In ternatio nal P artnership Against AIDS in Africa (Gen eva: U NAID S, 20 00) a vailabl e at:
<http://www.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACK023.pdf> [2003.12.12]
UNAIDS and ECA, AIDS in Africa. C ountry by C ountry [2003.11.10]
UNAIDS and WHO, Treating Three Million by 2005 (Geneva: UNAIDS and WHO, 2003 ) <http://
www.who.int/3 by5/pu blications/d ocum ents/en/Treating3millionby2005.pdf> [2003.12.12}
Centers for Disea se Con trol, The Global AIDS Program <http://www.cdc.go v/nchs tp/od/ga p/>
[2003.12.12] (includes co untry-specific information)
UNICEF. “My Song Against AIDS,” in The Progress of Nations 2000 (New York: UNICEF, 2000)
<http://www.unicef.org/pon00> [2003.12.12]
Charles Geshekter, “The Plague That Isn’t,” Glob e and Mail, (14 March 2000)
<www.virusm yth.co m/aid s/data /cgpo verty.htm> and “A Critical Reappraisal of African Aids Research
and Western Sexual Stereotypes” <www.virusm yth.co m/aid s/data /cgpo verty.htm>
The brief articles listed below will be available on the course web site:
Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “U .S. AIDS Research in Poor Nations Raises an Ou tcry,” The New York Times, 18
September 1997
Peter Lurie a nd Sidn ey M. W olfe, “Une thical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of
the Human Im munodeficiency Virus in Develop ing Countries,” New England Journal of Medicine
337,12(18 September 1997):853-856
Marcia Angell, “The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World,” New England Journal of Medicine
337,12(18 September 1997):847-849
Harold Varmus and David Satcher, “Ethical Complexities of Conducting Research in Developing
Countries,” New England Journal of Medicine 337,14(2 October 1997):1003-1005
From Redevelopment to Reconstr uction: P ublic policy and political choices (10 March)
We conclud e the Qu arter by re turning to tr ansform ation efforts and their in corpora tion into pu blic
policy. Politics has to d o with wh o rules, in w hat circum stances, an d how. To whom is the South African
political system responsive? Why? How? With what consequences?
Lodge , Politics in South Africa, Chapters 7, 11–12
Mara is, Limits to Change, Chapters 8–9
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapter Sixteen
Desai, We Are the Poors, Chapters 13–14, 17–18
r Alexander, An Ordina ry Country,Chapter 7
r John S. Saul, “Cry for the Beloved Country: The Post-Apartheid Denouem ent,” Monthly Review
52,8(January 2001):1–51
Zakes Mda, Ways of Dying
supplementary readings
Nelson Mand ela, Long Walk to Freedom, Part Eleven, “Freedom”
Beinart, Twentieth-Century South Africa, Chapter 13
Spark s, Beyond the Miracle, Chapters Eleven–Twelve
South African Politics: Liberation and Reconstru ction (PS 143G ), W inter, 2003/2 004: C ourse Syllab us, Page 10
Bond , Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neoliberalism in South Africa, Chapter 6
Kunnie, Is Apartheid Really Dead? Pan-Af ricanis t Work ing-C lass C ultural C ritical P erspectives, Chapter 6
<P OLITICS OF T RA N S F OR M AT I O N PA P E R D U E : W EDNESD AY , 10 M A RC H =
Video Schedule (Mondays, 12-1 pm)
Jan
12
We Jive Like This
Jan
19
))
Jan
26
Generations of Resistance
Feb
2
Maids and Madams
Feb
9
In a Time of V iolence, Part 1
Feb
16
))
Feb
24
In a Time of V iolence, Part 2
Mar
1
In a Time of V iolence, Part 3
Mar
8
Patient Abuse: South Africa’s Struggle for AIDS
Treatment
Joel Sam off
14 December 2003
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
Presidents’ Day