RST INSTRUMENTS LTD.
C-108
Pneumatic Readout
Instruction Manual
RST Instruments Ltd.
11545 Kingston St
Maple Ridge, BC Canada V2X 0Z5
Tel:
(604) 540-1100
Fax:
(604) 540-1005
e-mail: [email protected]
RST Instruments
C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument
i
C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument
Although all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information
contained in this document, RST Instruments reserves the right to change the information at any time and
assumes no liability for its accuracy.
Product:
C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument
Installation Manual
Document number:
Revision:
Date:
PPM0028C C-108 Pneumatic Readout Instruction Manual.doc
1.3
June 17, 2008
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C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument
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Table of Contents
1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ 1 2 QUICK START INSTRUCTIONS ..................................................................... 2 3 PRESSURIZING THE INTERNAL SUPPLY TANK............................................... 2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Maximum Safe Working Pressure.................................................................... 2 Pressurizing with Nitrogen ............................................................................... 3 Pressurizing with Carbon Dioxide ................................................................... 3 Shipment of Pressurized Tanks ....................................................................... 3 4 C108 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS ................................................................ 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Manual Readings ............................................................................................... 4 Creating Memory Locations in the Field ......................................................... 4 Reviewing Readings ......................................................................................... 5 Deleting Individual Readings ........................................................................... 5 Deleting All Locations ....................................................................................... 6 5 CONNECTING THE FIELD INSTRUMENTS ....................................................... 6 5.1 Standard (C108) & Low Pressure (C108L) Units ............................................ 6 5.1.1 Obtaining Pressure Readings ........................................................................ 6 5.2 High Pressure (C108H) Unit.............................................................................. 7 5.2.1 Obtaining Pressure Readings ........................................................................ 7 5.2.1.A 5.2.1.B OBTAINING PRESSURE READINGS UNDER 200 PSI (1380KPA) ............................................. 7 OBTAINING PRESSURE READINGS OVER 200 PSI (1380KPA) ............................................... 7 6 THREE TUBE (C108-3T) UNIT .................................................................... 8 6.1 Obtaining Pressure Readings .......................................................................... 9 6.1.1 Three Tube Piezometer ................................................................................. 9 6.1.2 Two Tube Piezometer ................................................................................... 9 7 C108 INTERNAL BATTERY ....................................................................... 10 8 RST P-100 AND P-100-1 PNEUMATIC PIEZOMETERS ................................ 11 9 C108 HOST SOFTWARE ........................................................................... 14 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Getting Started ................................................................................................ 14 Opening Screen ............................................................................................... 14 Status Bar / COM Connection ........................................................................ 15 Creating Locations .......................................................................................... 16 Uploading Site Info .......................................................................................... 17 Storing Readings to Memory.......................................................................... 18 Downloading Data ........................................................................................... 19 Viewing Data .................................................................................................... 20 File Types ......................................................................................................... 20 RST Instruments
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9.9.1 *.ini files ....................................................................................................... 20 9.9.2 *.csv files ..................................................................................................... 21 9.10 Readout Menu ............................................................................................... 23 9.10.1 Status ....................................................................................................... 23 9.10.2 Site Data................................................................................................... 24 9.10.3 Setup ........................................................................................................ 25 9.11 Menu Items.................................................................................................... 26 9.11.1 File Menu.................................................................................................. 26 9.11.2 Edit Menu ................................................................................................. 26 9.11.3 Readout .................................................................................................... 26 9.11.4 View.......................................................................................................... 26 9.11.5 Help .......................................................................................................... 26 10 USB TO SERIAL ADAPTERS ................................................................... 27 11 OBTAINING NEGATIVE PORE PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ........................ 28 12 TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................. 29 12.1 12.2 12.3 C-108 Pneumatic Readout Unit ................................................................... 29 Pneumatic Piezometers ............................................................................... 29 C108 Host Software ...................................................................................... 31 13 APPENDIX A – C108 FLOW CHART ........................................................ 32 14 APPENDIX B – SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................. 33 RST Instruments
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Table of Figures
Figure 1 – C108 Pneumatic Readout ............................................................................................ 1 Figure 2 – C108 Quick Start Instructions ...................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: – Three Tube Version (C108-3T) ................................................................................... 8 Figure 4 – RST P100 Pneumatic Piezometer ............................................................................. 11 Figure 5 – RST P100-1 Pneumatic Piezometer .......................................................................... 12 Figure 6 – C108 Host Software Opening Screen ........................................................................ 14 Figure 7 – COM Port Settings ..................................................................................................... 15 Figure 8 – Creating a New Site ................................................................................................... 16 Figure 9 – Naming a Location ..................................................................................................... 16 Figure 10 – Creating Locations ................................................................................................... 17 Figure 11 – Uploading Data ........................................................................................................ 18 Figure 12 – C108 Toolbar ........................................................................................................... 19 Figure 13 – Downloaded Data .................................................................................................... 20 Figure 14 – *.csv file format ........................................................................................................ 21 Figure 15 – MS Excel Sorting ..................................................................................................... 22 Figure 16 – Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 23 Figure 17 – Site Data Screen...................................................................................................... 24 Figure 18 – Setup Screen ........................................................................................................... 25 Figure 19 – Windows Device Manager ....................................................................................... 27 Figure 20 – COM Port Settings ................................................................................................... 28 Figure 21 – C108 Menu Flow-Chart ............................................................................................ 32 RST Instruments
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1 OVERVIEW
The RST C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument retains all the functionality and features of the RST
C106 Pneumatic readout with the added feature of being able to store readings in the field and being
able to download and process the data in the office. In addition, each C108 is shipped with a label
on the case lid with quick-start instructions for taking manual readings.
The C108 Digital Pneumatic Readout monitors all pneumatic transducers. The standard FC-100
automatic flow controller ensures accurate, repeatable readings, independent of operator error. As
the correct flow rate is critical, the FC-100 controls the flow regardless of back pressure or tubing
length. The unit incorporates an internal pressure cylinder which can be refilled without needing to
be removed. A filler hose is supplied with the unit and no additional regulators are required to fill the
internal cylinder.
Figure 1 – C108 Pneumatic Readout
1. Internal Tank Pressure
9. Serial Connection (RS232)
2. Bypass Valve
10. Serial Number Plate/Calibration
Date
3. Display Screen
11. Tank Valve
4. Backlight
12. Tank Input
5. ESC (navigates back a menu)
13. Piezometer Input
6. Scroll Up
7. Scroll Down
8. Enter
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2 QUICK START INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions outline the basic steps needed to take and store readings with the C108
Pneumatic Readout with the appropriate references to sections in the manual:
•
Install the C108 Host Software on a Desktop or Laptop PC (section 9.1).
•
Connect to the C108 via a COM port (section 9.3). If no COM port is available, please see
section 10.
•
Using the software, enter the list of locations (boreholes) as they appear on site (section
9.4).
•
Upload the information to the C108 Readout (section 9.5)
•
Fill the internal tank with CO2 or Nitrogen (section 3).
•
Take the readout to the field and record readings in the locations that were setup with the
software (section 9.6). Else, create generic locations in the field (section 4.2).
•
When finished, return to the office, connect to the C108 Readout with the host software and
download the data (section 9.7).
•
When finished downloading, make any changes (if needed) and upload to the readout
(section 9.5). During the upload, the software will prompt if you would like to erase all data
on the readout except previous readings. Erasing the historical data ensures that data will
not be duplicated in the *.csv file the next time the readout is downloaded.
•
Make any changes or additions to location information and save the configuration. If there
are no changes, do not save to avoid duplicate data in the *.csv file. Close the program.
•
Open the *.csv file automatically created by the software (in the default directory) with
Microsoft Excel, sort and plot the data (section 9.9.2).
3 PRESSURIZING THE INTERNAL SUPPLY TANK
The RST C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument will operate with most compressed, dry gas (except
oxygen and oil-pumped nitrogen). Water-pumped nitrogen and carbon dioxide are the two gases
most generally available.
Nitrogen is obtainable through industrial gas or welding supply outlets, with CO2 available at
industrial gas or fire extinguisher suppliers. As we recommend the use of Grade K (certified dry)
nitrogen, a filler hose with fittings for nitrogen tanks is provided with the instrument, unless otherwise
requested.
Please note there is no industry standard for N2 fittings. Both common types are provided with the
RST C108 Pneumatic Readout, however, we recommend compatibility be verified.
3.1 Maximum Safe Working Pressure
The maximum safe working pressure for the instrument is 2000 PSI (13 500 kPa). This pressure is
monitored on the TANK PRESSURE gauge.
Warning
Do not exceed 2000 PSI (13 500 kPa) or serious damage to the instrument or personal injury
can result.
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3.2 Pressurizing with Nitrogen
1. Connect the supplied filler hose to a (water-pumped) nitrogen cylinder, tightening the nut
securely. Remove protective cap from TANK INPUT connector and attach the other end of filler
hose.
2. Open the TANK VALVE.
3. Slowly OPEN nitrogen cylinder valve and observe the TANK PRESSURE gauge. Fill tank to
2000 PSI (13 500 kPa) maximum, and CLOSE nitrogen cylinder valve.
4. Close the TANK VALVE.
5. Loosen filler hose at cylinder and allow pressure in hose to bleed off. Disconnect hose and
replace protective plug cap on TANK INPUT connector.
6. Replace protective cap on TANK INPUT.
3.3 Pressurizing with Carbon Dioxide
7. Connect the filler hose to a carbon dioxide cylinder, tightening the nut securely. Remove
protective cap from TANK INPUT connector and attach the other end of the filler hose.
Note
If the recharge cylinder contains liquid CO2, ensure the cylinder remains in an upright position
so that no liquid CO2 within the cylinder can rupture the gauges.
8. Open the TANK VALVE.
9. Slowly open carbon dioxide cylinder valve and observe the TANK PRESSURE gauge. Carbon
dioxide usually remains at approximately 835 PSI (5757kPa) at room temperature, but can attain
higher pressure with increasing temperature. Fill the tank and close carbon dioxide cylinder
valve.
10. Close the TANK VALVE.
11. Loosen filler hose at cylinder and allow pressure hose to bleed off. Disconnect the hose and
replace protective cap on TANK INPUT connector.
3.4 Shipment of Pressurized Tanks
The shipment of pressurized tanks is controlled by government Restricted Articles Regulations. A
shipper's certification for Restricted Articles may be required, especially for air shipment unless
packaging and labeling complies with Transport Restricted Articles Tariff No. 6D, CAB No. 82.
Information and necessary documentation can be obtained from individual carriers.
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4 C108 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
4.1 Manual Readings
The instructions for performing a manual reading (i.e. not storing to memory) are found on a decal
placed on the inside of the lid of the instrument as repeated here:
Figure 2 – C108 Quick Start Instructions
1. Open tank valve
2. Turn display on (press any key)
3. Zero readout (scroll Down, press Enter)
4. Connect piezometer
5. Open bypass valve
6. When display stabilizes close bypass
7. When display stabilizes record reading
8. Close tank valve when complete
Record the reading in your field notebook when complete.
4.2 Creating Memory Locations in the Field
The C108 Pneumatic Readout has the ability to be either pre-configured in the office, or taken
directly out into the field. If taken directly to the field, each location will be assigned a generic name
which is editable once back in the office and connected to a host computer. In most cases it is
recommended that the C108 be pre-configured in the office prior to taking readings in the field. In
this manner, site location names can be setup ahead of time allowing the field personnel to be able
to arrive at piezometer locations, and store readings without needing to create location in the units’
memory.
If the C108 has not been pre-configured in the office (section 9), the following instructions explain
how to create new sites. Please refer to Figure 21 (flow chart) for a graphical representation of the
steps outlined below:
•
Turn on the readout by pressing any key.
•
If you have not done so already, make sure the readout is zeroed.
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•
Using the arrow keys scroll to the Memory location and press Enter. If you have already
created a route file in the host software, the current route file will appear to the right of
Memory (eg. Memory: RST, where RST is the route name).
•
Using the arrow keys, scroll to Create Location and press Enter.
•
The readout unit will automatically create a site called New Location X where ‘X’ is the next
storage location available in the units’ memory. Please note that when creating new sites in
the field, you can only name them New Location X. Make note of the real location name in
your field notebook and its relation to the New Location number. When connecting to the
host software back in the office, a custom name can be entered at that time. This replaces
the site name assigned by the readout.
•
Press Enter to create another location, else press “ESC” to exit back to the Memory menu.
•
Use the arrow keys to scroll to Store Readings. Press Enter.
•
Use the arrow keys to select the location you just created. When the desired location is
found, press Enter to select it.
•
If no previous data (i.e. the last reading) is found for that location, the readout will display No
previous data above the current reading. Follow the instructions on the lid of the instrument
(Figure 2) to take a reading. The C108 will prompt you with the question: Accept Reading?,
press Enter to store the reading.
•
After storing the reading, the C108 will return the user to the previous menu screen. The top
right hand corner of the screen will display how many sets of readings are associated with
the particular location which is displayed. In the case of a single new reading, this should
display 1.
4.3 Reviewing Readings
To review any reading on the C108 unit itself, please follow these instructions:
•
Power on the readout by pressing any key.
•
Using the arrow keys, scroll down to Memory, press Enter.
•
Scroll to Review Readings and press Enter.
•
Scroll to the desired location and press Enter.
•
If the location contains more than one reading, these readings can be scrolled through using
the arrow keys. The date and time of each reading will appear to differentiate each.
4.4 Deleting Individual Readings
Individual readings can be deleted manually on the C108 Readout.
•
Power on the display by pressing any key.
•
Using the arrow keys, scroll down to Memory, press Enter.
•
Scroll to Review Readings and press Enter.
•
Scroll to the desired location and press Enter.
•
If the particular location contains multiple readings, scroll to the reading of interest.
•
When the reading you wish to delete is found, press and hold the Enter key while
simultaneously pressing the ESC key. The C108 will prompt you with: Delete Reading?
Press Enter once to delete the reading, else press ESC to cancel.
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4.5 Deleting All Locations
All location information can be deleted from the C108 readout itself. This is done by the following:
•
Power on the display by pressing any key.
•
Using the arrow keys, scroll down to Memory, press Enter.
•
Using the arrow keys, scroll to Delete All Locations and press Enter. Press Enter again to
confirm the delete, else press ESC to abort.
5 CONNECTING THE FIELD INSTRUMENTS
The standard pneumatic tubing for an individual piezometer consists of two polyethylene tubes
encased in a protective jacket. The black tube (transducer input) is supplied with a large male 'quick
connect' fitting which mates with the Piezometer Input connector on the instrument panel. The
connector should be protected with a plastic or metal cap, which should be removed. To ensure
proper connection without leakage and blockage at the tip, the connectors must be clean before
coupling. The outer, spring-loaded collar on the female connector is depressed and the male
connector inserted until the female collar can return to its original position. If properly seated, the
male connector will be unable to be removed until the female collar is again depressed. The
connectors must be properly seated for the system to function correctly.
5.1 Standard (C108) & Low Pressure (C108L) Units
•
Standard Unit (C108): 0-200PSI (0-1400Kpa)
•
Low Pressure Unit (C108-LP): 0-30PSI (0-200Kpa)
5.1.1 Obtaining Pressure Readings
1. Turn display on by pressing any key, if the display does not read zero, scroll down to Zero
Readout and press Enter to zero the readout.
2. Connect the piezometer quick connect to the instrument panel PIEZOMETER INPUT.
3. Open the TANK VALVE.
4. Open the BYPASS valve (the toggle valve is open when the handle is vertical).
5. Observe the DIGITAL DISPLAY, when the rate of increase slows, or stops, the BY-PASS valve
should be closed. At this point, gas should be returning from the clear tube (if there is no return
flow, please refer to section 12, Troubleshooting).
6. Allow the display to stabilize.
7. Record the pressure reading. For memory functions please refer to sections 4.2 & 9.
8. Disconnect PIEZO connector.
9. Turn OFF the display.
10. Close the TANK VALVE.
Note
Please ensure to close the Tank Valve when finished. Failure to close the valve will allow gas to
slowly leak out through the regulator, depleting all the gas in the internal tank.
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5.2 High Pressure (C108H) Unit
5.2.1 Obtaining Pressure Readings
5.2.1.a
OBTAINING PRESSURE READINGS UNDER 200 PSI (1380KPA)
1. Close the VENT VALVE.
2. Close the MANUAL FLOW CONTROL valve.
3. Turn selector valve to LOW PRESSURE (under 200 PSI or 1380kPa).
4. Turn display on by pressing any key button, if the display does not read zero, scroll to the Zero
Readout menu and push the Enter key.
5. Connect the piezometer quick connect to the instrument panel.
6. Open the TANK VALVE.
7. Open the BY-PASS valve (the toggle valve is open when the handle is vertical).
8. Observe the DIGITAL DISPLAY. When the rate of increase slows or stops, the BY-PASS valve
should be closed. At this point, gas is returning from the clear tube.
9. Allow the display to stabilize.
10. Record the pressure reading. For memory functions please refer to section 4.2 & 9.
11. Open the VENT VALVE.
12. Disconnect PIEZO connector.
13. Turn OFF the display.
14. CLOSE the TANK VALVE.
15. CLOSE the VENT VALVE.
5.2.1.b
OBTAINING PRESSURE READINGS OVER 200 PSI (1380KPA)
1. Make sure the VENT VALVE is closed.
2. Turn selector valve to HIGH PRESSURE (over 200 PSI or 1380kPa).
3. Close the MANUAL FLOW CONTROL.
4. Connect the PIEZOMETER INPUT to the instrument panel.
5. Connect the return line on the piezometer to the FLOW GAUGE (on the inside of the C108 lid).
6. Open the TANK VALVE.
7. Open the MANUAL FLOW CONTROL until a response is seen in the return line flow gauge.
8. Adjust the MANUAL FLOW CONTROL until the gauge reads 0.074 ft3/hr (35 cc/min) and then
allow the display to stabilize.
9. Record the pressure reading. For memory functions please refer to section 4.2 & 9.
10. Close the MANUAL FLOW CONTROL.
11. Open the VENT VALVE.
12. Disconnect PIEZOMETER connector.
13. Turn OFF the display.
14. Close the TANK VALVE.
15. Close the VENT VALVE.
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6 THREE TUBE (C108-3T) UNIT
Three Tube Piezometers negate the effects of friction line loss inherent in Two Tube piezometer
design, as rather than measuring the input pressure required to achieve equilibrium across the
diaphragm, a static pressure is measured in the 3rd tube. Since there is no flow in the 3rd tube,
there is no friction line loss.
Triple Tube Piezometers are preferable therefore, where long leads and/or high pressure are
encountered, or when maximum accuracy is required.
In construction both Two and Three Tube tips are similar, however, in the Three Tube mode there
are two lines entering the input chamber. The operational principle therefore is identical, however,
gas flow through the black line and static pressure is measured in the red line which is connected to
the Readout gauge. When the null-balance condition is achieved, gas is vented to atmosphere via
the vent tube (White).
NOTE: To measure a two tube piezometer with a readout set up for a three tube piezometer, a
jumper must be used to common the two input connections. The C108-3T has this feature
built in, and is controlled via a toggle valve.
Figure 3: – Three Tube Version (C108-3T)
1. Internal Tank Pressure
2. Bypass Flow Rate
3. Bypass Valve
4. LCD Screen
5. Backlight
6. ESC (navigates back a menu)
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7. Scroll Up
8. Scroll Down
9. Enter
10. Serial Connection (RS232)
11. Two-Tube Bypass Valve
12. Piezometer Input
13. Tank Input
14. 3rd Tube Input (red)
15. Tank Valve
6.1 Obtaining Pressure Readings
6.1.1 Three Tube Piezometer
1. Turn display on by pressing the ON/OFF button, if the display does not read zero, zero the
readout (section 4).
2. Connect both of the colour coded piezometer quick connects to the instrument panel (black to
black and red to red).
3. Open the C108 TANK VALVE.
4. Open the BY-PASS valve (the toggle valve is open when the handle is vertical). The BY-PASS
flow rate can be adjusted by turning the BY-PASS FLOW CONTROL knob.
5. Observe the DIGITAL DISPLAY when the rate of increase slows or stops the BY-PASS valve
should be closed. At this point, gas is returning from the white tube.
6. Allow the display to stabilize.
7. Record the pressure reading.
8. Disconnect PIEZO connector.
9. Turn OFF the display.
10. Close the TANK VALVE.
6.1.2 Two Tube Piezometer
11. Turn display on by pressing the ON/OFF button, if the display does not read zero, zero the
readout (section 4).
12. Open the 2 Tube Toggle valve (the toggle valve is open when the handle is vertical).
13. Connect the piezometer quick connect (black tube) to the instrument panel quick connect
(labeled “BLACK TUBE”).
14. Open the C108 TANK VALVE.
15. Open the BY-PASS valve (the toggle valve is open when the handle is vertical.)
16. Observe the DIGITAL DISPLAY when the rate of increase decreases or stops, the BY-PASS
valve should be closed. At this point, gas is returning from the white tube.
17. Allow the display to stabilize.
18. Record the pressure reading.
19. Disconnect PIEZO connector.
20. Turn OFF the display.
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21. Close the TANK VALVE.
7 C108 INTERNAL BATTERY
The C-108 uses a non-rechargeable, sealed lithium battery which is designed to last several years
before requiring replacement. The status of the battery can be checked by scrolling to the Battery
Check menu (Figure 21).
•
Turn on the readout by pressing any key.
•
Using the arrow keys, scroll to the Battery Check menu. Press Enter.
•
The readout will display the battery voltage, the percentage battery remaining and the
number of hours on the battery.
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8 RST P-100 AND P-100-1 PNEUMATIC PIEZOMETERS
RST Pneumatic Piezometers operate on the null-balance principle whereby external pore pressure
exerted on the tip is balanced by an equal internal gas pressure.
Figure 4 – RST P100 Pneumatic Piezometer
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Figure 5 – RST P100-1 Pneumatic Piezometer
In operation, gas is introduced into the tube (black) and flows into the input chamber of the
piezometer body. This input chamber has 8 precisely located orifices (six on the side and two on the
end) that allow the gas to escape from the chamber, flow around the annular space outside the input
chamber and enter the return chamber. The return chamber is adjacent to, and physically identical
to the input chamber. After the gas enters the return chamber it vents to the atmosphere via the
return tube (clear). The annular space in the piezometer is in the shape of a truncated cone and is
made by form fitting a precisely shaped diaphragm over the same shaped end of the piezometer
body. When fitted and assembled, the diaphragm closes off the orifices in the input and output
chambers presenting gas flow through the tip.
Pore pressure is transmitted through the filter and is in direct contact with the entire outside surface
of the piezometer diaphragm. This pressure serves to apply an additional closing force of the
diaphragm against the orifices.
The object is to measure the pore pressure. This is accomplished by supplying the piezometer with
a gas pressure (at a constant flow rate achieved by an automatic flow controller) through the input
tube into the input chamber. When the gas pressure on the inside of the diaphragm is equal to the
pore pressure acting on the outside, gas flows through the annular space into the output chamber
and vents to the surface via the output tube. At this point, a null-balance condition is achieved and
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the gas pressure, which equals the pore pressure, is read on the input tube by the readout
instrument.
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C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument
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9 C108 HOST SOFTWARE
9.1 Getting Started
Insert the C108 Host Software CD-ROM and follow the on-screen instructions for installing the
software. The default directory for the software is:
C:\Programs Files\RST Instruments\C108
This directory can be changed if desired.
9.2 Opening Screen
Upon first launch of the program, the following screen will appear:
Status
Figure 6 – C108 Host Software Opening Screen
The workspace screen consists of a menu at the top, and a blank workspace beneath.
If the C108 Pneumatic Readout is connected via the COM port, the software automatically senses a
connection and will prompt whether to download the data. The default setting is COM 1, 115200
Baud. If problems are encountered, please refer to section 12 (troubleshooting).
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9.3 Status Bar / COM Connection
Please note the location of the status bar at the bottom right of the screen (Figure 6). The program
will continuously try to connect to the C108 Readout even if the unit is not powered on. To connect
to the readout, remove the dust cover from the 9-pin serial connector and plug in the supplied COM
cable (Figure 1, item 9). Plug the other end of the COM Cable into the serial port of the host
computer. In the case where the host computer does not have a 9-pin serial port, a USB to serial
adapter must be used (for additional information please see section 10). These devices can be
found at most electronics stores, or can be purchased directly from RST Instruments Ltd.
The Host Software automatically defaults to COM 1, Baud Rate: 115200. To change these settings,
select the Edit Menu, select Port… and the following screen will appear:
Figure 7 – COM Port Settings
Using the drop-down menu, select the appropriate COM port. Leave the Baud Rate at the default
115200.
Power on the C108 readout by pressing any key. The status bar should change from Connecting to
Connected (Figure 6). The software should prompt you if you would like to download the C108 data.
At the same time, it will prompt you to save the existing locations if these differ from that which is
currently contained on the readout. For more information on the file types the host software creates,
please refer to section 9.9.
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9.4 Creating Locations
After starting the program (section 9.2) and a successful connection has been made, right-click
anywhere in the blank workspace to create a new site/location.
Figure 8 – Creating a New Site
Click on New Site and the following dialog box will appear:
Figure 9 – Naming a Location
Enter in an appropriate location (borehole) name. In this example the location is: On Ramp
BH0403+50. The location name can be any alpha-numeric character up to 20 characters long. This
allows the option of entering a detailed name. Subsequent Locations can be created by repeating
the above procedure.
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Figure 10 – Creating Locations
Figure 10 shows five locations which have been created and contain no current or historical
readings. These locations still need to be uploaded to the readout device at this stage.
9.5 Uploading Site Info
This function uploads the current information from the C108 Host software to the Readout. Upon
uploading the data, the program will prompt you to if you would like to erase the current data on the
readout. In the normal progression of the program, erasing the data and keeping the last reading is
the appropriate step. This avoids overwriting the data in the exported *.csv file (section 9.9.2).
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Figure 11 – Uploading Data
Note
Always press the Upload Site Info button before exiting the program as this ensures that data will
not be duplicated in the *.csv file. If no changes have been made to the setup, select NO when the
program prompts you to save changes to the *.ini file. This also ensures non-duplication of data in
the *.csv file.
9.6 Storing Readings to Memory
Once the custom user-defined locations are uploaded, the readout is ready to be taken out to the
field to record data.
•
Once you have arrived at a specific location, make sure the readout is zeroed as explained
in section 2.
•
Using the arrow keys, scroll to Memory and press Enter.
•
Scroll to Store Readings and press Enter.
•
Select the appropriate location and press Enter. A screen will appear showing the previous
reading for that location at the top, and the current reading on the bottom.
•
Following steps 4-8 on the lid of the readout to take a reading.
•
Press Enter to accept the reading. The readout will respond with Accept Reading? Press
Enter to confirm.
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C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument
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The readout will return to the previous menu, and you can move to the next location to take
the next reading.
9.7 Downloading Data
Once the readings have been taken in the field, the data must be downloaded to the host software.
Connect the Readout to the Computer via the COM cable. Launch the software and connect to the
readout (section 9). The download button appears on the Toolbar of the C108 Host Software as
shown here:
Figure 12 – C108 Toolbar
Upon connection, the software will automatically prompt the user to download the data. To perform
a manual download press the Download Data button in the toolbar. If the current configuration file
running in the host software is different from that on the readout, the software will prompt you to save
the current file before downloading the data into the workspace. In this manner, no setup/location
information will be lost.
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9.8 Viewing Data
Once the data has been downloaded, the workspace becomes populated with the all the information
as found on the C108 Readout.
Figure 13 – Downloaded Data
As shown above, the data is populated and includes ID, Location, Date/Time, Latest Data, Units and
Readout Serial Number. The units can be changed by selecting the Edit – Units menu. If each
location contains more than one reading, these can be viewed in the Readout Status menu (section
9.10).
9.9 File Types
9.9.1 *.ini files
The C108 Host software automatically creates a *.ini file when borehole locations are created. This
is the equivalent of a configuration file and is used both in the host software and the C108 readout
unit itself. If you have multiple readout boxes all being downloaded on the same computer, keeping
separate configuration files for each readout greatly aids in keeping the appropriate data organized.
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9.9.2 *.csv files
The C108 Host software automatically creates a *.csv file when the configuration file (*.ini) file is
created (and saved). The *.csv file will have the same name as the configuration file and allows the
data to be automatically brought into Microsoft Excel or other popular spreadsheet software.
Note
The *.csv cannot be open in Excel at the same time the C108 Host Software is running. To ensure
the program does not become unstable, close the C108 software and then open the appropriate
files in Excel.
When opened with Excel, the file has the following format:
Location Name
Date/Time
Reading
Units
Serial #
Location #
Figure 14 – *.csv file format
The data is output in the format of: Location Number, Location Name, Date/Time, Reading, Units,
Serial Number. This data can easily be sorted in Excel and plotted. To sort in Excel:
•
Highlight all the data.
•
Under the Data menu, choose Sort. The following screen will appear:
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Figure 15 – MS Excel Sorting
•
The data can be sorted as shown in Figure 15. Column A = Ascending and Column C =
Ascending. This will sort all locations by their ID number and will place them in the order
from oldest to newest. Conversely, the data could be sorted descending in time if required.
•
Highlight the desired cells and plot the data using the Chart Wizard.
Note
It is always good practice to create backups of your data. When finished manipulating the data in
Excel, save your work in *.xls format. This ensures that the original *.csv format is not changed,
and any plots which have been created will be preserved.
Note
CSV files will always be saved in the current units being displayed on the screen in the Host
Software. Units can be changed in the Edit - Units menu (section 9.11.2).
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9.10 Readout Menu
9.10.1 Status
Once a connection has been established between the C108 Readout and the Host Software, the
status of the device can always be checked. Under the Readout menu, choose Status and the
following screen will appear:
Figure 16 – Status Screen
The status screen provides useful information as shown above. Most of the items are selfexplanatory. The filename is the path where the configuration file (*.ini) is located (the current file
which is being used to set up information for the C108).
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9.10.2 Site Data
Selecting the Site Data tab opens the following window:
Figure 17 – Site Data Screen
The Site Data screen reveals each location description and the data currently associated with it.
This is the data currently contained on the readout itself, not necessarily all the historical data you
might have for that location. The scroll bar at the bottom of the screen permits the user to scroll and
view all the readings for a particular location (up to a maximum of 20 data points).
Note
Readings in this menu will be displayed in PSI, which are the units the readout was calibrated in.
Data output to the CSV file will always match those displayed in the workspace screen (not
necessary the units shown here).
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9.10.3 Setup
Selecting the Setup tab invokes the following screen:
Figure 18 – Setup Screen
The Setup screen provides useful information such as the readout date/time, display units power
down settings and battery statistics. Parameters in white windows can be changed and updated by
pressing the Update Readout button at the bottom of the screen.
The Advanced button at the bottom right of the screen accesses the calibration section of the C108
readout. This requires a password, and should only be accessed by RST Instruments Ltd. for
calibration purposes.
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9.11 Menu Items
9.11.1 File Menu
New: Creates a new blank C108 Host Screen. The user can then add new locations by right-clicking
the blank workspace (Figure 6).
Open: Opens an existing configuration file (*.ini) which contains existing locations and pneumatic
readout data.
Save: Saves the current working file to disk under the current filename and path.
Save As…: Saves the current working file to disk and allows the user to choose a path and specific
filename.
Print: This function is currently not supported.
Print Preview: This function is currently not supported.
Exit: Exits the C108 Host Software
9.11.2 Edit Menu
Cut: Cut the current selection in the data table and put it on the clipboard.
Copy: Copy the current selection to the clipboard.
Delete: Delete the current selection.
Select All: Function currently not supported.
Port…: Change the current COM Port settings (COM number and baud rate). Default is COM1 at
115200.
Units: User selectable units (psi, kPa, In H2O, Ft H2O, mm H2O, M H2O)
9.11.3 Readout
Status: Opens the Status, Site Data and Setup screens (section 9.10.1)
Upload Site Info.: Uploads the current setup parameters to the readout (section 9.5)
Add Readout Data: Downloads data from the readout (section 9.7). Has the same function as the
Download Data button.
Reconnect: Reconnects to the readout using the current COM port settings.
9.11.4 View
Toolbar: Hides/Reveals the Toolbar.
Status Bar: Hides/Reveals the Status Bar
Gridlines: Hides/Reveals the Gridlines in the workspace.
9.11.5 Help
About C108 Host: Indicates the program version/revision number.
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10 USB TO SERIAL ADAPTERS
Many computers on the market today no longer come with a 9-pin serial I/O port. Under these
circumstances, the user must purchase a USB to serial adapter in order to communicate with the
C108 readout. USB to serial port adapters are readily available from most electronics stores, and
can also be purchased directly from RST Instruments Ltd.
The following outlines a procedure for connecting to the C108 Pneumatic Readout via a USB to
serial adapter:
•
Install the software driver that is supplied with the USB to Serial Adapter.
•
Verify that the installation was successful by navigating to the Windows Control Panel,
choosing System and then selecting the Hardware tab. Clicking on Device Manager will
bring up the following screen:
Figure 19 – Windows Device Manager
If the driver was installed correctly, the USB serial port will appear as in Figure 19 above. If the
driver has not been installed correctly, yellow exclamation marks will appear next to the device.
Once the above has been verified, note the COM number which has been assigned to the USB
serial port. This will vary from computer to computer, in this example it is COM5.
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Close the device manager and launch the C108 Host Software.
•
Under the Edit Menu, select Port… and the following screen will appear:
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Figure 20 – COM Port Settings
•
Using the drop-down menu, select the appropriate COM port. Leave the Baud Rate at the
default 115200.
•
The C108 Host Software should now connect to the C108 Readout. Confirmation can be
made by looking at the status bar (Figure 6).
11 OBTAINING NEGATIVE PORE PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
1. Turn display on by pressing any key, if the display does not read zero scroll to the Zero Readout
menu and press Enter.
2. Connect the black lead of the piezometer to the Piezometer Input. Connect the clear tube of the
piezometer to a vacuum pump.
3. Open the TANK VALVE and turn on the vacuum pump.
4. Allow the display to stabilize and record the pressure reading. For memory functions please
refer to section 4.2 & 9.
5. Disconnect the piezometer from the vacuum pump and the C-108.
6. Turn OFF the display and close the TANK VALVE.
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12 TROUBLESHOOTING
12.1 C-108 Pneumatic Readout Unit
1. Ensure that the C108 is operating properly and the user is aware of operating procedure.
2. Charge C108 with gas. See operating instructions for proper filling procedures (section 3.2 &
3.3).
3. Supply pressure must exceed pore pressure.
4. Check "O” Ring in female quick connect for leaks or damage.
5. Gas should be heard venting through the female quick connector when the Bypass Valve is
opened.
6. Immerse the clear return line in water to determine if gas is exiting when in operation mode, i.e.,
Bypass closed. A steady stream of bubbles should be seen.
7. The tank supply gauge drops over time. Ensure that pressure fluctuations are not a temperature
related function. It is normal for a "just charged" cylinder to indicate a pressure drop as it cools.
A leak in the high pressure side of the Readout Box will not affect the accuracy of readings - only
consume gas. The cylinder may be closed at the neck when in storage to minimize gas
consumption in the event of a high pressure leak.
8. The C-108 N2 cylinder must be hydro-tested every five (5) years. Check local regulations. The
test is stamped on the neck of the cylinder and the due date is indicated on the serial number
tag (item 10, Figure 1).
12.2 Pneumatic Piezometers
1. After closing the Bypass Valve, the Data Gauge slowly drops from the anticipated pressure
eventually reaching zero.
a.
Gas is leaking from "O" Ring in female quick connect in Readout Instrument replace. This is a standard Buna N "O" Ring, 0.438 in. I.D. x 0.0625 wall x 0.563 in.
O.D. Parker NBR 2-013.
b.
Check any field splices for leaks or the use of improper fittings.
c.
Check male piezometer quick connect fitting for leaks.
d.
The gas may be leaking from a damaged piezometer tube. If the Data Gauge drops
4-5 PSI (27.5kPa-34.5kPa) after closing the Bypass Valve, then seems to hesitate
before dropping, record this as the pore pressure. This should be reasonably
accurate, depending on the leak rate.
e.
A leak in the Readout Instrument or too low a flow rate.
2. Data Gauge rises +/- 10 PSI (69kPa), then upon closing Bypass, drops to zero. Assuming the
borehole is not dry:
a.
Immerse clear line (return line) in water or antifreeze to determine if there is return
gas flow.
•
if not, a line is cut and the piezometer must be replaced or abandoned if the cut
cannot be located and properly spliced.
b.
Check quick connects and splices for leaks or the use of improper fittings.
c.
Plug the clear return line with your finger when C-108 Readout Unit is in the
operating mode. The data gauge should rise very slowly indicating that the C-108 is
operating properly, and all piezometer connections are leak free. On longer lines
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the gauge may rise too slowly to be noticed over a short time. If the pressure holds,
there are no leaks.
3. Data Gauge Goes Full Scale.
a.
Pore pressure exceeds Data Gauge range.
b.
Tubing is blocked or constricted.
•
Check for gas return on the clear return line by immersing in water.
•
No return indicates a blockage.
•
A constricted tube will eventually settle to the pore pressure reading, however, it will
be slow.
c.
Quick connects improperly coupled.
•
Gently pull the male quick connect. It should not disconnect. DO NOT pull on the
tube itself, just the connector.
d.
Improper field splices or use of non-filtered quick connects, allowing dirt to plug the
tip.
e.
In extremely dusty environments, the male quick connect filter may become
clogged. This, however, is unlikely.
f.
Water frozen in clear return line or quick connects causing blockage.
g.
Head of water in the clear vent tube. Treat as (4a).
4. Water exiting from the clear return line indicates that the line is cut or water has entered from the
tube being exposed at the surface. The permeability of the diaphragm is virtually nil.
a.
Water entering from the surface may be cured by setting the Readout Unit to
Bypass mode to blow out and absorb any water. Use dry nitrogen or carbon
dioxide, if available. Protect the tubing ends to prevent the occurrence of this
problem in the future.
b.
Water entering from a cut return tube may be blown out similar to above. A pore
pressure reading may be obtained if the leak rate is not too severe as per symptom
(1d).
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12.3 C108 Host Software
1. Cannot connect to C108 readout via serial port:
a. Check to ensure that no other software is using the COM port.
b. Select Edit and Port… and ensure the COM settings match the available COM port
on your desktop or laptop computer.
c.
Navigate to the Windows Device Manager and ensure the COM port is functioning
properly
2. Cannot connect to C108 via USB:
a. Check to ensure that no other software is using the USB port.
b. Select Edit and Port… and ensure the COM settings match the available COM port
assigned by the USB to SERIAL adapter on your desktop or laptop computer.
c.
3.
Navigate to the Windows Device Manager and ensure the USB SERIAL adapter is
functioning properly.
Program Crashes:
a. Ensure that a *.csv is not open in Excel while trying to change the configuration of
the readout in the software. Close the software before opening any *.csv files.
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13 APPENDIX A – C108 FLOW CHART
The following flow chart outlines all functions of the C108 front panel controls:
Figure 21 – C108 Menu Flow-Chart
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C108 Pneumatic Readout Instrument
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14 APPENDIX B – SPECIFICATIONS
Description
Display
Specification
20 x 2 LCD x 0.5” (12.7mm) high with backlight
Accuracy
± 0.1% F.S.
Scale Ranges
Std. Pressure: 1400kPa / 0 – 200psi
Low Pressure: 210 kPa / 0 – 30psi
Resolution
Std. Pressure: 1kPa / 0.1psi
Low Pressure: 0.1kPa / 0.01psi
-20 to 50oC (-4 to 122oF)
Operating Temp.
Optional: -40 to 50oC (-40 to 122oF)
Memory
128 kB
Storage Locations
170
Storage Per Location
20 readings
Site Identification String
Up to 20 Characters
Battery
Internal Lithium Cell
Dimensions
18.5 x 30 x 45 cm (7.25 x 11.5 x 17.5 in.)
Weight
8kg (17.6lbs)
Cylinder
1.0 litre (2000psi)
Automatic Flow Controller
Standard
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