ACT
A
PAL
A
EON
T
0
LOG
I
C
A
POLONICA
1962
Vol . VII
Nos. 3-4
ZOFIA KIELAN-JA WOROWSKA
NEW ORDO VICIAN GENERA OF POLYCHAETE JAW
APPARATUSES
Five new Middle and Upper O rdovician ge ner a of polychaete jaw
apparatuses from the erratic boulders of Poland are described. All are recorded
within the superfamily Eu nicea , Atraktopri on n. gen. a nd Skalenop r ion n. gen .
be in g of prionogn atha t ype, Kall oprion n. ge n . and Ramphoprion n. ge n . of labidognatha t ype, Xani oprion n. gen . represents a new, so far unknown type of
a ppar at us . Some new terms are introduced and there is a di scu ssion on the numbering and homology of the jaws in some re cent and fo ssil eunicid apparatuses.
Abstract. -
INTRODUCTION
In 1960 th e a uthor st art ed to investigate the Or dovicia n polychaete
jaw apparatuses fr om the er ratic boulders of Poland, collected by P rofesso r Roman Kozlowski and kindly put at the writer's disp osal. A part
of this coll ection has been ela bor ate d by Kozlo wski (1956), who descri bed th ree sp eci es assigne d to t he ge nera Polycha etaspis K ozlowski and
Pol y cha etura Kozlowski. Moreover, the present writer described (1961)
two spe cies assigne d to the genera V istulella Kielan-Jaworowska and
Mochtyella Ki el an-Ja worowska.
In 1961 (p. 237) the writer stated that in t he coll ect ion from the
erratic boulder s : "The scolecodonts are espe cia lly well preserved, in cluding so me dozens of entire or nearly entire ja w assemblag es" . As t he
bou lders h ave been cont in ually collected since that time by Prof. Roman
Kozlowski, Dr A da m Urbanek a nd the writer, a nd systemat ica lly dissolved in hydrochlori c a nd aceti c acids, the coll ection of Ordovician
polychaete ja w apparat uses has con sider ab ly inc r eas ed a n d it embraces now more than four hundred , more or less complet e jaw assemblag es . As the complete ela boration of this new m at erial must t ake
some time, the wr it er decid ed to publish separately the descriptions
of five new genera.
The present paper has a preliminary character, a nd only the dia-
292
ZOFI A
K IELAN-J A W O R O W S K A
gnosi s of new gen er a a n d descr iptions of type sp eci es are given. The
m ateri al concernin g t h ese for ms is much gr eater tha n t hat descr ibed a n d
m ore dat a will b e published lat er.
All t he genera h ere descr ibed, as we ll as t hose described before
(Kozlowski, 1956, K ielan- J aworowska, 1961), are as sign ed t o the superfa m ily Eunicea. An erectio n of t he fa m ilies a n d subfamilies w ithin th e
foss il eu n icid polychaet es will b e provided lat er. It wo u ld also be bey on d
the scope of t he present pa per to publish h er e any ph y logenetic conside rat ions.
The m ethod s a n d ter mi no logy are m ostly the sa me as descr ibed
by K ielan-J aworowska (1961). Som e n ew ter ms a re int r oduced in t he
pr esent paper a n d the discussion on the n um be r in g of t h e jaws in rece n t
a n d foss il eu nici d a ppa ratuses is given .
All t he spe cimens are hou sed in the P a laeozoological L ab or at or y of
t he P olish Aca demy of Sci en ces in Wa r saw . T h e coll ec tion is num ber ed
in t h e following wa y: e.g. No. 0.400/1 5 : 0 - m eans O rdovician, 400 giv es th e nu m ber of th e bou lder, 15 - giv es t he num ber of th e specim en in t he sam ple f rom this bou lder. Th us t he number of the sp ecimen
shows, fr om w hich boulder it was et ched ou t.
The characteristics of th e boulder s fr om wh ich t h e specim ens were
prep ar ed h av e been ki n dly giv en by Prof. R. K ozlowski.
The writ er is gr ea tly indeb t ed to Prof. Rom an Ko zlows k i and
D r . Adam Ur banek fo r pl acin g the material coll ected by th em a t h er
disposal. Dur in g t h e preparation of th e pa per , discussions with Prof.
Kozlowski h a ve been of great valu e fo r the w ri t er 's invest igations .
The fo llowin g persons k indly identified t he fo ss ils occ u r ri n g in t he
pa rtic u la r boulders, an d this h as h el ped a gr eat deal in esti mati ng the
age of t he bo u lders :
Prof. Roman Kozlowski : Foramin ifer a, Hydroidea, Den droidea and
Crustoidea ; Dr. A da m Urbanek : Gr aptoloid ea ; Dr. Gertruda Biernat :
Brachiopoda ; Miss Zdzislawa Wolska : Conodontophor idia ; Dr. Francisz ek Ada m czak : a n os t r acod fr om the b oulder 0.39 8; Dr. Val dar
Jaanusson (Uppsala Univ ersi ty) : a trilo bite from th e b oulder 0.366 .
D r A n drew P ackard (Zoolog ic al St at ion , Napl es) kindl y corrected the
Engl ish of th e pres en t paper. The accompanying drawings have been
m ade by Mrs. Ewa Gadom sk a fr om t he writer's pencil sketches.
The writ er wishes to expres s h e r t ha nks to all these persons.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOULDERS WITH A DISCUSSION
OF THEIR AGE
Boulder No. 0.59 , Wl adysl awowo (prov. of Gdansk). Light-grey
o r ga no ge nic, fine -grain ed limestone which furnished : For am in ifer a :
Buisuunmuna polymcrpha Eisen ack, Tuboidea , Gr apto lit h in a : Bu lm ani-
NE W
ORDOVIC IAN
GENE RA
OF
POLYCHAETE
JA W
APPA RATUSE S
293
crusta latialata scu t elli fe ra K ozlowsk i. p olychaete jaw a ppa r at us es :
Skal enoprion aui tu s n. sp., scole codo nts a n d Chitinozoa . No index foss ils
wh ich coul d t h row light on t he age of t he boulder.
Boulder No. 0.142 , Wyszog r6d-Zakroczym (prov. of War saw). Gr ey ,
coa r se-grained limeston e, yieldi ng Grapt oli thina: Climw cograptus cf.
uplandicus (Wiman), an d C. ef . br evis mut abilis S trachan, polychaete
jaw a pparat uses: X an ioprion borealis n. s p. a n d scol ecodonts. Bot h
gr aptolites occur in Sweden , Tva r en , Sodermanland, in the Middle Ordovici an, Lower Ludibundus limestone, bein g an eq uiva le n t of the
Kukruse stage ell of Est onian seq ue n ce. Boulder 0.142 is probably of
t his ag e.
Boulder No. 0.159, J arosl a wi e c (p ro v. of K osz alin). Compact limesto ne. similar t o Baltic limest on e (Ost seek alk), yiel din g unidentified
F or aminifera an d iso la ted jaws of Skal en opri on alat u s n. sp. A ge of
the boulder unknown.
Boulder No. 0.174 , Wyszog r6d-Zakroczym (pro v. of Warsa w). Li ght
fine-grained limestone, y ie lding unidenti fi ed F or aminifera and iso lat ed jaws of Skalenoprion alatus n. sp. Ag e of th e boulder unknown .
Boulder No. 0.182. Mochty (prov. of Warsaw ). Coarse grained, ligh t-grey, orga n oge nic limest on e, yie ldi ng : Al gae : Gla eocapsomorpha prisca
Za lessky , For am in ifer a: T asmanit es martinssoni Eisenack , Hydroid a :
Rhabdohydra t rid ens Kozl., Diploh ydra salida Kozl. , K y stodendron
longicarpus (Eis enack), Cylindrotheca subtilis Kozl. , Gon ot h eca Forma
E Kozl., 1952, Grapt oli thin a: Ruedemannicru sta geni culata Kozl. , Den droid ea, Mastigograptu s sp., Climacograptus br evis mutabilis St r achan,
Pseudoclimacog rap tu s sch are n bergi (L ap wor th), pol y cha ete jaw apparat uses: Moch ty ella cristata Ki el an-Ja worowska, Atrak to ption sp. a
(h ere desc r ib ed) , K all oprion ova lis n . sp. a n d numer ous scolecodo nts.
Pseudocium acoqrap tus sch ar enb ergi (L apw orth) h as a wi de st ratigraphic ra nge (Upp er Arenigian - Upp er Ca r adocian) , but Clim acoqraptus br evis mutabilis S tra ch an is known so fa r on ly f rom Tvaren ,
Sod errnanland , S w ed en - f rom t h e Middle Ordovician , Low er Ludibu ndus Li mestone (cf. S t r ach a n , 1959), eq uiva le nt of Kuk ruse stage
(CII) of Estonian seq uence . The bo u lde r No. 0.182 is pr ob ably of this
age, the sa me as t he boulder No. 0.142 .
Boulder Nc. 0.2 79, Moch t y (pr ov. of Warsaw). Balt ic limestone,
y ie lding Chitin ozoa, For aminifer a, Dasycla dac ea e?, Graptolithina :
Cli macograptu s sp ., pol ych aet e jaw apparat uses : Xanioprion borealis
n. sp. Ag e of the boulder unknown.
Boulder No. 0,301 , Ustka (prov. of Kosz alin). Light grey, coarse-gr aine d limestone, y ie ldin g fr agm en tary Chitinozoa and scolecodonts,
isol ated jaws of Skal en oprion ala tu s n. sp. am ong them. Age of t h e
.
bo u lde r unknown.
294
ZOF IA
KIELAN -JA WO RO WSKA
Boulder No . 0.3 66, Zak roczym (prov. of W arsa w). G r ey , coarse-grained limestone, consis t ing m ostly of f ragments of silici fied brachiopods, yieldi n g: Foraminifera: Ta smanit es m artinssoni (Eisen ack) , H y d roida: Rhabdohy dra t rid en s Ko zlowski, an d others, Br achiopoda :
Clinambon an omalu s (Schlotheim), Sowerbyella sp., Trilobit a : A saphus
(Neoasa phus) jewensis Schmidt , G r apto lithina : Mastig ograptus sp.,
Id iotu bu s s p ., W imanicru sta ur baneki K ozlow ski, G r a pt oblasti, P o ly chaete jaw apparatuses : Mochtyella cristata K iela n-J a wor ows k a , V istul ella k ozl owskii Ki el a n-J a wor ows k a , Poly ch aetaspis wyszogrode nsis
K ozlow sk i, K auoprion ov alis n. sp. a n d num er ous scole codo nts.
Cl in ambon an omalus (Schlotheim) a n d Asa phus (Ne oasaphus) je w ensis Schmidt are ch arac t erist ic of t he Middl e Ordov ici an of Estonia
(Kukruse stage ClI, and Idaver e sta ge ClII of Est onian sequence). The
boulder is probabl y of this a ge.
Boulder No. O. 398, Mochty (prov. of Warsaw). Light-grey , compact,
coarse-grained limestone, yielding Foraminifera, Crinoidea, Hydroida ,
Conodontophoridia: Amorphognathus ordovicica Branson & Mehl, Icriodella superba Rhodes, Panderodus gracilis (Branson & Mehl), Panderodus equicostatus (Rhodes), Ostracoda: Bolbina major (Krause), polychaete ja w apparatuses : Ramphoprion elongatu s n.sp. and scolecodonts.
Bolbina major (Krause) is known from the Ordovician erratic boulders of Germany. Sarv (1959) described from the Middle Ordovician,
(DII of Es tonian sequence), Bolbina lehmetsa.en sis Sarv, which, according
to Jaanusson (1961) , is a synonym of B. m ajor (Krause). The conodonts
y ielde d by the boulder are charact eristic of t h e Upper, or of the Middle
and Upper Ordovician of the United States or Great Britain. Icriodella
superba Rhodes and Panderodus equicostatus (Rhodes) occur in the
Gelli-grin Limestone and P en-y-garnedd Limestone which belong
to the Caradocian Series of Great Britain. It is thus possible that the
age of the boulder corresponds to the Keila stage (DII of Estonian
sequence).
Boulder No. 00400 , Mochty (prov. of Warsaw). Grey , coarse-grained
limestone which furnished Foraminifera: Tasmanites sp., silicified Brachiopoda : Dalmanella d. wesenbergensis Wysogorski, Platystrofia sp.,
Sowerbyella cf. opiki Roomusoks, Dinorthis sp., Crustoidea, poorly
preserved fragment of a diplograptid, resembling Pseudoclimacograptus
sch ar enb ergi (Lapworth) , numerous polycha te ja w apparatuses : Poly chaetaspis wysz ogrodens is K ozl owski , Polychaetura sp. , A traktoprion
cornutus n. s p . Kalloprion ovalis n. s p ., Xanioprion borealis n. sp.
Unfortunately , no cert ain index fossils were found in the boulder.
The brachiopods (all identified tentatively) remained the assemblage
.N E W
ORDOVICIAN
GENERA OF POLYCHAETE
J AW
A P PARA T U SES
295
characteristic of the Rakvere Stag e (E of Estonian sequence), belonging
to the lowermost part of the Upper Ordovician. It is possible that the
boulder 0.400 is of t his ag e.
*
*
*
Th e ag e of all t he boulders h er e discuss ed r anges fr om the Kukruse
St ag e (ell) to the Rakvere Stage (E) of Estonian sequence, cor respo nding to the upper part of th e Middle Ordovician a nd the lowermost part
of the Upp er Ordovician.
Tentative stratigr aphic range of th e described spe cies*
(correlation based on J aanusson, 1956, 1960)
Geological Graptolite
age
succession
Upper
Ordovician
-
-
-
I
Estonia
S weden
Pleurograp tus lineSlandrom
t:: aris
limestone
C\I
.~
CJ
1- -
-
-
- 1- -
D i cranograptus
clingani
-
-
E
-
Rakvere
Stage
+
- -- 1- - - - 1--
+
+
- - -- - -- - ----
Macrourus
Limestone
+
Middle
Ordo-
vician
'0
CIl
....
D iplograptus multidens
+
CIl
U
Nemagrap tus gracilis
ell
Kukruse
Stage
+
+
+
* Stratigraphic range of Skalenoprion alatus n. sp, unknown.
TERMINOLOGY
(text-fig.I )
The terminology used in the present paper is mostly that of Kielan-Jaworowska (1961). Descriptions of the new jaw apparatuses here
given require, however, the introduction of some new terms.
In descriptions of the whole apparatuses and particular jaws the
following a bbr eviations are used : long : - longitudinal , running ant ero-
ZO FIA
296
KIELA N - J A WOROW SK A
-post eri or ly , parall el to the plane of sym met r y of the animal (estimated
by comparison with recent forms) , and consequently parallel to the
plane dividing th e a ppar atu s in to two m ore o r less symm etrical parts,
and tr. - transversal , perpendicular t o t he pl ane of symmetr y .
L ength a n d width of th e bight are defined as sh own o n fig . 1 A.
In th e right fo r ce ps (MI) o f Skalenoprion n . gen. there occur t wo
r idges of denticl es: o ne, situat ed longitudinally a lo n g the internal marg-
aL
A
ar
tr
B
_ ._ - - - - - - - - - - -
F ig. 1. -
A MI ri g h t of A t rakto p rion , in ven t ra l vie w ; B MI righ t of Skal en op rio n, in dors al vi ew ; C MIl left of Atraktopr ion , in d orsal v iew
Tr t r ansve rsal dir ect ion , long. longitu d inal d irection , I length o f t he b ig ht , w w i d t h o f t h e
b igh t . b bel t , m s lll..lsci e s car , fa at ta chrnen t la m e ll a ; mr m ain r .idse, aT a aditional ridge .
in of the jaw and called h ere th e m ain ridge, syno nym of dentary
(Cron eis , 1941) , a n d a shorter (long.) ridge, parallel to the main one,
si t ua ted in the posterior part of the jaw, called the additional ridge .
The additional r idge in Skalenoprion m ay be more o r less prominent,
denticulated or smooth.
In the ventral view of MI, th e opening of th e pulp cavity is delimited
fr om th e dentary by the more or le ss narrow part of the jaw w a ll , for
which th e word belt is suggested. The belt may be oblique with respect to the dorsal wall of the jaw. or may be subparallel to it, in t he
NI2 W
O R D O V I C I AN
G E N ER A
01'
POLYCHAETE
JAW
A PPARA TUSES
297
prolonga ti on of th e ve ntra l wa ll of the jaw. In MI in some gen er a,
opposit e t he a nt erior par t of the openi ng, is a m or e o r less large depr es sion in t he dor sa l wa ll , pro ba bly correspondin g to a muscula r
a tta ch ment . Usu ally no sw ell ing is visib le o n t h e dorsal si de of t he wa ll ,
as sociate d w it h t his dep r essio n , which is caused by a r eduction of the
wa ll t hi ckness o nly . It is s uggested that t his dep r essio n b e call ed muscle
scar.
Oft en t h e interna l borde r of t he jaw is pro long ed into a la mella,
whi ch m ay be very la rge, dir ected perpendicularly to t h e do rsal s ur fa ce
of t he ja w. Th is lam ella is usually m or e delicat e t ha n t he rest of the
jaw, mor e t r ansparen t , with a so mewh at coarse s urface . The n ame
att achm en t lam ella, is su ggeste d for it.
Kozlowski (19 56) in Poly cha etaspis w ark ae Kozlo wski describ ed t w o
t eeth, called by him lat eral teet h (dents lateral es) cov ering right and
left forceps (MI) dor sall y , sit uated o bliq ue ly behind t he so mewhat infl a ted a n tero -la ter a l borders of MI. In the auth or's collection there are
n um ero us so far undescrib ed s pe cimen s of Pol y chaeta spis w it h lateral
teeth. In Ramphoprion boreali s n . s p. described her e a simil ar tooth on
the r ight side of t he a pparat us occur s. By a nalogy wit h P . warkae K ozlowski c n e can ass ume that th ere were two la t er a l teeth in Ram.phoprion as we ll, t he right one o n ly bei ng pr eser ve d in t he desc r ibed
specimens .
REMA R K S O N THE NU MBERI NG A ND H OMOLO GY O F J AWS I N SOME
RECE NT AN D F OSSIL AP P ARA T US ES
(t e x t - fig. 2 a nd 3)
P articular ja ws in rece nt a n d fossil jaw a pparat uses h ave been cal led different names by va rio us a ut hors a n d, as h as been a lrea dy stated
by t he present w r iter (196 1), t h e most conveni en t seems to be the m et ho d used by Fa uv el (1923), H artman (1944) a n d ot hers, of numberin g
t he m by s u ccessiv e Rom an numeral s fr om back to f r ont as MI - MV .
Th is m ethod is gen er a lly a dopt ed in t h e present paper , h oweve r the e labor ati on of th e new fossi l forms has m ade it necessary to in t r oduce som e
emen dat io ns.
L ab id ognatha ty pe
Recen t labidcgnatha for m s (ca m p. Ehlers, 1864-68) em brace t hr ee
lines, grouped into t hree famili es : Onuphidae, Eunicidae a n d Lumbr in er id ae. Th e Lumbrin eridae a r e ch a racterized by a symmetrical ja w
a ppa r at us , composed cf 4 paired ele ments. In Onuphida e a n d Eunicida e
th e jaw a pparat use s are asymmetrical , MIll . left being single . Lange
298
ZOFIA
KIELA N-J A WOROWSK A
(1949 , p. 58) h as po inted out that t he Dev onia n Paulinites describ ed
by him: " ...sho u ld be regarded as r epresenting a primitive condition
of t he form s now included in to the famili es Onuphidae and Eunicidae".
In a dditio n to Paulinites, one labidognatha fossil genus w as described
by Snajdr (1951) : Kettnerites Zeb era, 1935, emen d. Snajdr, 1951, two
by Kozlowski (1956): PoLychaetaspis Kozlowski a n d PoLychaetura Kozlowski, an d two more: Ramphoprion n . gen. and KaHoprion n . gen.
it
I1lr
A
Fi g. 2. -
B
Diagrammatic sk etc h es of re cent and fo ssil labidognatha a ppa r at us es :
A
Onuphis eremita Audouin & Mil ne-Edwards, recent ; B
gatus n . gen ., n. sp., Ordovician
Cr
carrie rs , Bp b a sa l p la te , L t la t e r al t o o t h, M I -M V .par ticul a r maxillary p l a t e s , ri gh t a nd
left (MIV a n d MV in Ram phoprion e!onga t u s unkn own .).
Ramphoprio n
el on-
NEW
ORDOVICIAN
GENERA
OF
POLYCHAETE
JAW
APPARATUSES
299
are desc r ib ed in t he pr esent paper. It seems t hat the above cited stat ement of Lange is more or less true for all these genera. It should be
st r esse d that neither any of the fossil labidognatha apparatuses hitherto
known, nor any in the author's collection so far u n descr ibe d, represent th e condition characteristic of recent L umbrineridae . That is why
in the present considerations of homology, this family cannot, for the
time being, be taken into account .
In Devonian Paulinites paranaensis Lan ge, Lange (1949) noted the
occur r en ce of one additional right piece, called by him the basal piece.
Kozlowski (1956) in Or dovicia n Pol y chaet asp is wyszogrodensis Kozlowski noted t he occur rence of a small tooth, situated in front of t he basal
pl ate, ca ll ed the intercalary toot h, and in P . warkae Kozlowsk i t he presence of two teeth called lateral teeth.
It is h er e suggested t hat t he basal pl at e, inter calary tooth a n d th e lat eral teeth be called by n ames on ly, wi thout numbering t hem by successive numeral s. Thus, t he manner of numbering t he jaws in r ecent lab idognatha apparatuses can be a do pte d withou t ch anges for fos sil a ppa rat uses of t he same type, a n d t he elements r eg arded h ere as homologous
in fossil an d r ecent forms w ill r ec eive t he same numerals (see fig. 2).
Prionognatha ty pe
Within t he recent p r ionognat ha fo r ms (not takin g in to accou nt t he
Dorvilleida e w hi ch have t he jaw a pparatuses consisting of large numbers of denticulated pl at es, arra nged in t wo longitudinal series on ea ch
sid e, an d which in t he pr esent writer's opinion sho u ld be excl ude d
from pr ionognath a type) there occur two diff er ent types of jaw appa r atuses :
10 Cha r ac t eristic e. g. of A glauri d es fulgida S av ignyt , Halla parthenopeia (Delle Chiaj e), N oto cirru s caHforniensis Hartman and Arabella geniculat a Claparede, in w h ich the first pl ate on t he right side is
n ot hooked and distinctly sm a ller than the next one.
20 Ch aracteristic e. g. of Arabella iricolor Montagu, A. setosa Treadwell a n d A. maculosa Verill, in which both r ight and left first pl ates
are hooked a n d more or less of sim il a r size. The discussion on th e inter pr et at ion of par t icular ja ws i n thi s t ype w ill be publish ed later.
1 Th e apparatus in A . fulgida Sav igny is u su all y asymmetrical, but som etimes sp eci mens with sy m metrical jaw apparatuses w ere fo un d within this species (cf.
Fauvel 1919, 1953, Crossland , 1924, Hartman, 1944). T he interpretation of the occu rrence of symmetrical jaw apparatuses in this species will be published later, and
for the moment the writer restricts her considerations to the most common a symmet r ical apparatus.
300
ZOFIA
KIELA N -JAWOROWSKA
With r egard to th e first t y pe, it was a p r acti ce generall y ac cepted
by t he specialists in eu nici ds t o match a ll t he su ccessive jaws of the
right a n d left sides in rece nt apparatuses in pairs, in spite of t he considerabl e differences in siz e a n d sh ape of t h e jaws matched as a pair.
The fossil evide nce is st r ongly against t h is interpretation. As has be en
a lready pointed ou t by Kozlowski (1956) , the fi r st plate on the right
side in r ec ent e.g. Hall a parthenopeui (Delle Chiaje) situ a t ed in the
bight o n th e posterior ma rg in of th e next larger plate, is, as to shape
an d position, very like the b asal plate of fossil forms, such as Paulin ites, Ket tnerites , Pouj cn aeuxsp'« and Po lychaetura . Fo ssil pr io n ogna t h a
a ppa r a t us es have not been hitherto known, but some isolated fo r ce ps
with stro ng ho oks, described under the na m es of Arabellites Hin de,
Protara be llites St au ff er or Ildr ait es Eller (d . H in de, 1879, Stauffer,
1933, Eller , 1936) cou l d be int erpr et ed as bel on gin g to p ri onognatha
typ e.
In t he pr esent p ap er th e foss il pr ionogna tha ap pa ratu ses are describe d for t he first time. They a re recorded h ere as t he genera : Atrakt opricn n. gen. an d S k al en oprion n . gen.
Let us compar e Atraktoprion cornutus n . gen . n . sp. w ith t h e jaw
a ppa r a t us of recent Aglaurid es fulgid2 Savigny (asymmetrica l for m).
The sim il ar ities between the apparat uses of t w o species are so striki ng
(comp. text-fig . 3) th at the present au thor believes that she is entire ly
justified in ca llin g the first right jaw in A. fulgid 2 - basal pl a t e, and
su bse q ue n tly in n um ber in g the r emaining jaws by the n umerals in di cated in t ext-fig. 3. Th e manner of numbering the plates in A . fulgida
adopted h er e differs fr om that used so far by zoologi sts in , that when
th e first right small jaw is call ed the basal pl ate, then the secon d
ri ght jaw and th e first lef t becom e th e MI p air , a n d this is st ron gly
s u ppor t ed by their size and shape . Then t hird right and second left
ja ws become paired as MIl, th e third left jaw form s a si ng le jaw M Ill,
a n d in front there a r e sym met ri ca l MIV and symmetrical MV developed
usua ll y as single te eth .
The patt ern cf jaw apparat us, characteristic of t he Ordovi cian
Atrakto prion, seem s to be very conservative, as we find it persistin g
a lmost w it ho ut cha ng e in r ec ent Agl'lurides fu lgida a n d other r ec ent
prionognatha eu nicids. In the recent fo r ms discu ssed h ere the for ce ps
(MI) are n ot so distinctly h ook ed as in Atraktoprion, but ot herwise the
number of t he jaws an d th eir arrangement are t he same. Al so t he
carriers of Atrakto pr ion are pair ed , lo n g, fi liform, as is .cha ra cteristic
of r ecent prionognaths. Th e u npaired ventr a l pie ce in t he carrier s,
occurring in m ost rece nt pr ion ogn at h a fo r m s, could hardly hav e been
pr eserv ed to gethe r in fossi l a pparat us es in case it existed t here.
NEW
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APPARATUSES
301
Cr -
A
B
pr ionognat ha a pparatuse s:
Diagr a mm atic sketches of recent and fo ssil
A A gl au ri d es f u lg ida (Sav igny), r ecent ; B Atr aktoprion corn u t u s n. gen.7'··n. sp.
Ordovician
Fig. 3. -
Cr ca r r-ie rs. Bp b asal plate . M I · MV particu lar maxillary plates. righ t and left.
302
ZOFI A
KIEL AN- J A WOROWS KA
Comparison ot labidognatha and prionoqnatha types
If one agrees wit h th e int er pretation of some r ecen t prionognatha
apparatuses suggested above, it appears t hat the differences between
t he prionognatha and labidognatha apparatuses a r e smaller t ha n was
generally believed. The m ain difference concerns the lack of the basal
plate in r ecent labidognatha forms , which occurred in Palaeozoic re presentatives of this line, but disappeared more recen tly. In prionognatha forms, at least in some of t he m discussed h ere, t he basal plate persisted until the pres ent da y. The secon d difference concerns the
fact that the fo r ceps (MI) in recent labidognatha for ms are smooth,
whereas they are denticulated in prionognatha forms. This ho wever
was not the cas e in fossil forms, where in the labidognatha type MI
are denticulated as well, but no t so distinctly hooked as in fossil prionognath a for ms.
Otherwise, generally (exc ept th e Lumbrineridae) in both types MI
and MIl a r e paired, MIll single left , MIV paired and MV if present
a re also pai r ed and develop ed as single t eeth. On e sh ould however
m enti on that in bo th types m odi ficat ions of the a bove desc ribed gener al patt erns, concerning the lack or the appeara nce of addi tio na l jaws
a r e ofte n found .
Ot h er ty pes
As has already been mentioned above, t he Dor vill eid ae are characterized by jaw apparatuses unique withi n the Eunicea an d, in the pr esent writer's opinio n, they sho ul d be exclu ded from the pr ionognatha
type. In the collection elaborated by the writer, are n u mero us , so far
un descri be d jaw ap paratuses, similar to those occurring in recent D orvillea P ar fitt.
Neither Mochty ella Kielan-Jaworowska and Vistulella K iel an-Jawcrowska , nor Xanioprion n. gen. h er e descr ib ed, could be re cor de d
withi n lab id ogn atha or prio nognatha types (cf. text-fig. 4 on p. 320).
Th ese new types of ja w apparat uses, as well as t hose of t he Dorvilleidae
w ill be discussed in det ail in t he fort hcoming paper, and n ew names
for t heir types of a pparat uses will be coin ed .
When describing the genera Vistul,ella and Moch t y ella , t he pr esent
writer (1961) n umber ed their jaws by Arabic instead of Rom a n num erals, in order to avoid suggestions on the homology with t he la bidognatha and prionognatha types. The same method is adopted in the
present paper with regard to the Xanioprion n . gen., as a discussion
on homology of these new, so far poorly known types, requires m or e
detailed comparative studies and the elaboration of the whole materi al from the writer's collection.
NEW ORDOVICIAN
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303
DESCRIP TIONS
Super fam il y Eunicea
Gen us Atraktoprion n. gen.
Type spec ies : Atraktoprion cornutus n. sp.
Occur r enc e: Or dov ician erratic boulders of Poland.
Der i vation of name: Gr . atraktos - arrow, prion -
saw , on account of the
arrow-like carriers.
Diagnosis. - As ymmetrical jaw apparatus of prionognatha type .
Car r iers pair ed, filiform. Basal plate pr esent , subtrian gular, usuall y
wider t han long. MI with strong, cur ved hooks , MI r igh t with a bight
alo ng t he post er ior bor der, corresponding to the place fo r t he basal
plate. MIl symmetrica l, with long (t r .), transverse sha nk. MIll sing le ,
left 2 , either subtriangular or w it h transverse shank. MIV subtr iangular plat es with up to 3 denticl es or single teeth. MV if p r esent - single
teeth . MIl - MV p rovided with lar ge attach ment lam ellae. Pulp cavity of MI slightly enclosed, in t he remaining jaws gaped. Imperfectl y
known par agnathes or small plates in fro nt of MV. Mandibles, preserved in one specimen with smooth anterior edges, provided with a se micircular reticulated surface on the ventral si de of the transverse branch
forming a circle together with the semicircular surface of the opposite
mandible.
Discu ssion. - Atraktoprion n. gen. here described is r epresented
in the author's collection by six or so sp eci es, m ost of wh ich have to
remain for the time being undescribed. -Th e sp ecies recognized by the
a uthor differ mostly in the shape and arrangement of t he anterior
jaws (MIl - MV), and only in some of them MI are al so char acteristic
of a species . Oft en two species differing distinctl y in sh ape of MIl - MV ,
have MI almost identically shaped. Th erefore, when isolated MI right
a nd left of A traktoprion usually allow an identification at the generi c level on ly . Al so the assem blages composed of MI , MIl, basal pl at e
an d the carriers, are usually hardly enough to allow a spe cifi c identification. In addition to A. cornutus n . sp . - a type sp eci es, the presen t author describes here an asse m blage r ecorded as Atraktoprion
sp. a, as it is so far the only as sem bla ge of this genus in the a uthor 's
collection, in which the mandibles a r e preserved.
A traktoprion is th e only fossil ap pa r at us of prionognatha t ype
which is known in a ll details and well defined . Amon g fossi l appar at use s described so far, only Ildraite s Eller, 1936, fro m the Up per Devo nian of New York, seems to be of prionognatha type . Ild raite s is
2
T he re is some eviden ce that in one so fa r undescri bed sp ecies of Atr ak-
toprion MIll is p aired.
304
ZO FI A
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howev er poorly kn own a nd r econstruc ted by Ell er (1936 , p l. 11) so
that a m or e det ailed com parison is im possible .
With regar d to the detached jaws, the car r iers describ ed by Eisenack (1939) as Ort ho pelta mucronata Eisenack and O. syncli nalis Eisenack are arro w-like, fili form, simila r to those in Atrakto prion . Sim ilarl y sha pe d carriers a re ch ar act er istic of numerou s recent prionogna t ha gener a an d it seems evide nt that in prionognat ha fo r ms t h ey
can not be regarde d as a feature ch a r act er istic at ge ne r ic level. One can
state that th e car riers of Orthop elta m uc ronata a nd O. synclinalis are
of prion ognatha ty pe, b ut one cannot be sure whet her they are con ge ne r ic with Atrakto prio n .
Numer ous detach ed MI sim ilar to t hose of Atrakto prion were describ ed by va r ious a uthor s as diff er ent spe cies of the ge ne ra Arabellites
Hinde, Protarabellit es Stau ff er a nd Ild rait es Ell er , and the detach ed
MIl as L eodicites Ell er a n d Eunicit es Ehl er s (Hinde, 1879 , 1880, 1882 ;
Ell er, 1934 , 1935, 1943 , 1945, 1955, 1961 ; Stauffer, 1939 ; Syl vest er , 1959 ;
S eid el , 1959 ; Walliser , 1960). Simila rl y , as in the case of the ca r ri ers ,
one ca n state that MI a nd MIl above cited are ~f pri on ogn a tha type,
but one ca nnot sta te with a ny cert ain t y wh et her so me of t he m a r e
congener ic with Atra kto prio n .
Comparison s with Skalenopri on n. ge n. - see p. 307/308.
Atraktoprion cor nutus n . sp.
(pl . I ; text- fig. 3B)
Ty pe sp eci men: E n t ir e , slightly depre ssed jaw a p parat us fig ured on p l. L
No . O. 400 /1.
T y p e h ori zon an d l ocality : P ro bably low e r m ost part of t he U pp er O r dov icia n
cor r es p on d ing to the R akve r e stage (E) of E sto n ia n division . Errat ic boulder
f ound in Mo ch ty , W arsaw d istr ict.
D er i vat i on of name: L a t. corn u - hor n , co r nu t u s - prov ided w ith horn s, on
account of large , ho rn-like den ti cle s in M Il - M IV.
Diagnosis. - Basal plate subtriangula r, wider tha n long, wit h a base
directed transversel y. Hook in Ml right occupying 1/ 3 of the jaw
length, in Ml left - a little more. MIll single. MIl - MIV with large,
transverse sha nks, convex anteriorly and with the first denticles hook-like, distinctly larger and 3-4 times longer than the r emaining ones.
Pulp cavities in MIl - MlV op en. MV single t eeth.
Denticles fo rmula:
7?
Basal pl a te
1 +6
1 +8
Ml
1 +5
1+ 5
MIl
MIll
1 +3
1
l (or 2?)
MIV
1
1
MV
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Mat erial. - Type spe cimen o n ly, bein g t he enti re ja w a pparat us
comp osed of th e carri ers, par tl y brok en off and fastened obliquel y
a lo ng t he dorsal side of the left MI, ba sal plate, r ight and left : MI a n d
MIl , single left: MIll, ri ght an d left : MIV a n d MV. In front of MV
there a re some indistinct t races of th e a n ter ior teet h. The ri ght si de of
t he a ppa r at us is disp laced for wa rds with r esp ect to t he left. The a ppar atus is slight ly depr essed , the jaws bein g stron gly cemented by a siliceo us m ateria l which cov er s large areas of the ve n tral side .
Description. - Carriers, imperfectly preserved, of the p att ern ch a r act eristic of th e genus. Their length seems to exc eed that of th e appa r at us.
Basal piate subtriangular, wider than long , with 7(?) denticl es. A very short (long.) interval between the ant erior denticl e and the n ext
ones. P ost erior m argin directed transversel y, at right angl es to th e
dentary . Ant erior m argin runs from the dentary in an arch convex
an ter iorly , then obliquely p ost ero-laterally and then nearly transverse ly, r eaching the po st erior margin at the right angle. Post ero-latera l
corner tapers into a narrow (long.), transverse, pointed process.
Ml right - h ook occu pies a little more than 1/3 of th e jaw length.
8 denticles or so in the dentary . Outer m argin r uns postero-I at erally
to the ro u n ded post erior corner. Bight wi de r t ha n long, its length
occupying a bo ut 1/3 that of t he jaw. In vent ra l view belt comparative ly n arrow (tr.), ope n ing oc cu pies more t han half o f the jaw length.
Opposite the ant er ior part of t he o pe nin g th e ja w is delicate a n d m or e
tr ansparent, in dica ti n g th e presence o f rounded muscle sca r, indistin ct on acco unt of t he coat ing of sil icate.
Ml left - hook longer t han in the right ja w, occupyi ng n early
half of the ja w length, dentary shor ter (long.) w it h a bout 6 denticles.
P ost erior margin transv erse at first, t he n running ant ero-Iaterally ,
lateral m argin directed po ster o-Iater ally . In ventr al vi ew: opening
oc cupies m or e t ha n half of t he ja w length, belt w ide (t r .), narro wing
pos terio rly. Muscl e sca r su bcir cu lar, fo ll ow in g the o u tl ine of the
o pe n ing in the anter ior part , pr oduced pos teriorly into a t aper in g prolo ngatio n, direct ed post er o-Iat erally .
MIl right - se t sq uare sha pe d, provid ed w it h a wi de (lo ng.) and
long (tr.) sha n k, fo r m ing an a r ch convex anterio rl y . Length of shan k
eq ua l to about 2/3 that of the ja w; 6(?) denticles ex ten ding th e length
of jaw, first one hook -like, m ore than 3 t im es longer than r emaining
ones.
MIl left r ight one.
si m ilarly sha pe d, si tuated f ur t her b ackward th an th e
MIll , single le ft jaw, w it h a wide (long.) a n d long (tr.) sha n k, n early
2 A cta P alaeonto logica Polonica N r 2- 4
306
ZOFI A
K I E L AN- J A WOROW SK A
as long (tr.) as the length of th e ja w (long.). 4 denticles, t he first hooklik e, 4 ti mes longer than the la st one.
MIV right - sickle shaped jaw, wi t h a large shank, convex anterio rly , as long (tr.) as t he length of t he jaw (long.). One very long, hookli ke denticle, ex ten d ing n early the length of th e jaw, the presence of
the second one not certain.
MIV lef t - slightly larger t han t h e right o ne, similarly shaped,
situated a little further for ward than t h e right one.
MV righ t and left - t h in , long teeth, sharply pointed, with large
bases, covering somewhat MIV right and left r espectivel y from the
dorsal side.
Attachment lamellae of MIl - MIV incompletely preserved, produced anteriorly in front of MV into a long cone-like longitudinal projection, on which some poorly known anterior teeth are preserved.
Atraktoprion sp. a
(pl. II)
Typ e h ori zon and l ocality: Middle Ordovician , corresponding to the Kukruse
stage (e n ) of Estonian division . Erra tic boulder found in Mochty (pr ov . of
Warsaw).
Mat erial. - One specimen N o. 0.1 82/1 consisting of carriers, basal
plate, MI r ight and le ft, MIl left o n ly, and t he mandibles.
Denticles fo r m ula :
Basal pl at e
7
MI
1+8
1+8
MIl
6
unkno wn
MIll MV
unkno wn
unknown
Descrip tion. - Carriers form two narrow (tr.) arrows , rounded ant eriorly , t apering post eriorly . They are w idest across the r ou n de d ant erior part. L ength of t h e carriers seem s to ex cee d that of t he apparatus.
Basal plate is . subtriangular, w ide r t h a n long, with 7 denticles, first
o ne being indistinctly larger than the others. Internal , denticulated
m argin directed posteriorly, po st erior margin directed at first transversel y , then a ntero- later ally. Ant erior margin directed a t firs t postero-la t er al y , th en forming an a r ch an d directed almost transversely,
sligh tly ' a nt ero- Iat er ally. Distal part of the plate much s hor ter (long.)
than th e proximal, produced into a narrow (long.) , elon gated (tr.) shank.
Ventr al vi ew: belt comparativel y w ide (tr.) ant eriorly , narrowing pos t eri orly , its lateral margin forming an arch surrounding the large
opening, oc cu pying th e rem ai n ing part of th e ja w.
MI right - h ook occupies abo ut 1/ 3 of the jaw length, 8 denticles,
the fi rst o ne situated w it hin the bas e of the hook, sma ller than the
o t hers. Next 7 denticles arranged in a longitudinal row , sharply pointed,
NEW
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APPARATUS ES
307
diminish ing in siz e post er iorl y. Ou ter margin direct ed poster o-lat er al ly. P ostero-la ter al corner ro u n de d. Bigh t wider t han long, occ upying
less t ha n one third of the jaw length . Ventral view: the opening occu pies a little more than half the jaw length. Opposit e t he anterior pa r t
of t he op ening there is a rou nde d, la r ge m uscle scar.
MI left - hook a little longer than in t he r ight jaw. 8 sharply pointed denti cles, two post erior bei ng somewhat smaller tha n others.
Round wi ng along t he o uter m argin . In ventral view t he op ening occupies abo ut half the jaw length. Oppo site t he a nter ior pa r t of the op ening the re is a la rge, rounded, muscle scar.
MIl left - set sq ua re shape d, wit h 6 denticles, t he fi rst of w hich
is pr eceptibly larger than the others. Shank di r ected transversel y , at
t he distal end ben t somewhat post eri or ly. The i nner margin produced
into a lar ge attach me nt lam ell a . The who le ve ntral side occupied by
the opening.
Mandibl es are in the shape of two set sq uares, touchi ng ea ch other
a nt eriorly with t ransverse (shorter) branch es. The length (long.) of the
t ransverse ant eri or par t is slig htly m or e than one t hir d of th e mandibl e, t he wi dt h (t r .) ab out t wice as great as t hat of t he longitudinal p ost erior branch. Longitudin al b r anches, dir ect ed post er iorly , r u n su bparal lel to each other, rounde d at the posterior e n ds. Anterior edges a re
smooth a nd ro unded. On the ventral side each m andible is provided
with a semicircular, reticulated surface, occ upying the m a jor ity of t he
transverse br a nch. Th e reticulated surfaces of two m andibl es to uch each
other, fo rming a subcircular surface, situated in the middle of the
a nterior pa rt.
Skaleno prion n.gen.
Type specie s: Skalenopr ion alatus n. sp.
O ccu r r en ce: Or dovicia n erratic boulders of Poland .
D er i v at i on of nam e: Gr. skalenos - uneven , prion - saw, on ac count of the
uneven surface of the ri ght MI , provided w ith an add itional rid ge.
Diagn osis. - Jaw apparatus of prionognatha type. No basal plate.
Righ t MI a compound jaw with a strong curved hook , occ upying half
or more of. the jaw length, with a row of denticles (main ridge) a nd
a short (long.) additional ridge, smooth or denticulated, par allel to t he
main ridge, situated close to it in th e posterior par t of the jaw. L eft
MI si ng le jaw of similar outline, but withou t an a dd itional ridge. MIl
symmetrical, elongated plate with a very narrow (long.) shank, perpendicular to the dentary. The carriers and MI ll - MV unknown.
Discu ssion. - The material is incomplete (MI and MIl only), b ut
MI is so well characterized by the presence of an additional ri dge which
does not occur in any other k nown recent or fossil ap paratuses of pr io2 •
308
ZOFIA
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA
nognatha t ype , that the writer has dec id ed to describe it as belonging
to a separate genus. Skalenop rion is cl osely comparable with Atra ktoprion n.gen. h ere described, and differs from it in the lack of the basal
plate and consequently in the lack of bight in the posterior margin
of MI , which is a compound jaw. T he additional ridge in a compo u nd
MI is r egarded here as homologous to the basal plate of Atraktoprion.
With regard to the detached jaws in Skalenoprion , it is possible to
distinguish onl y right MI with any certainty. When isolated MI left
of S k alen opr ion appears similar to that in Atraktoprkm , and n eit h e r
this piece, n or the MIl pieces a llo w a fresh identification at generic
level. Num er ou s det ached MI right and left of p r ionog n atha type h ave
been descri bed by vario us authors, but in no ne of them, ju dg ing fr om
t he figures a n d desc r iption , was the additiona l ri dge characteristic of
t he right MI in Skalen op rion p rese nt .
H owev er in Arabellite s hamilton en sis (Stauffer ), desc ri be d by Sylveste r (1959), t he ri ght MI is provid ed w ith a post ero-lat er al wi n g a nd
t here is no bight a lo n g it s p oster ior border. On t he rather in dist in ct
photogr aph of t his ja w in dors al view (I.e., p I. 5, fig . 36), t here appea r s
a n indistinct t ransverse li n e in th e posterior pa rt of the jaw w hi ch,
if it is really pr esent on t he object, could be interpreted as a line of f usion of two jaws. In the descr ipti on the author does not mention its
presence, nor t h e presence of any st r uct u r e w hich could be compared
with the a dditio nal ridge. T he specimens recorded earlier as A. hamil tonensis (Stauffer, 1939 , Ell er, 1941) r epresent the left MI and could
not throw any light on th e question. Anywa y th e apparatus, t o which
the ja w in qu estion, figur ed by S ylvester (1959), bel onged , is of prionognatha t yp e, the basal plat e be ing lacking. In this r espect it r es embl es o u r genus S k alen oprion , but without se eing the spe cime n it is
impossible to decide whether it was congen eric or n ot . It sho u ld be no ted that the disc ussed Arabellit cs hamiltonensis described by S ta uff er
occu r s in the Upper Devonian and L ower Mississippian b eds, much later than Ska len oprion described here.
Skale noprion alatus n.sp.
(pl. III an d IV)
Ty p e speci m en : The spe cimens No. 0.59/1 composed of MI ri ght and left, a n d
MIl ri ght an d left, preserved together, fi gured in pl . III .
T ype h or i zon and l ocality : Or d ov ician err ati c boulder of unkn own hor izo n ,
found in Wladyslawowo, provo of G dansk.
Derivat ion of nam e: Lat. ala wing, prov id ed with w in gs in the posterola te ral co rners of MI.
Diagn osis. - A dditional ri dge in the right MI smooth, occupy ing
le ss thar.. 1/3 of the length of th e m ain ridge. Fusion furrow indistinct,
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309
perpendicular to th e main ridge. Distinct notches in the po st erior parts
of the exter na l m argins, producing the wings in the postero-lateral
corners. MI righ t sti n ct crenulat ions.
cles, produced into
into the transv erse
12 denticles, MI left - 8-9 denticles an d 2-3 indiMIl symmetrical, elon gated (long.), with 7- 8 dentia sh ort spine at the posterior end, and a n te r ior ly
sh ank, at r ight angl es to t he den tary.
Mat er ial. Nc. 0.59/1 ty pe spe cimen, descr ib ed above, in w h ich
ri ght a n d left sides became separated at the time the drawing w as made;
No. 0.159 /3 left MI ; No . 0.159 /3 right MI ; No. 0.159 /4 right MI; No
0.174 /1 r igh t MI ; No. 0.301 /1 r ight MI.
D es cr iption. - The ar ran gement of particular jaws is as follows:
The m ain r idges of MI ri ght a n d left sit uated o pposite ea ch other, in
ch ewing position t hat of the left MI covering the right one somew h at
dorsally , an d post eriorly embraced by the right main ridge a n d th e
a ddit io na l ri dge . MIl sy m metri ca l, sit uate d bel ow the hooks of MI.
M I ri ght - a n elonga te d (lo ng.) com po un d jaw, extendin g fo rwar ds
in to a stou t, r ecurved hook . Length of the hook ex cee ds h alf the length
of t h e ja w. Al ong t he inner m ar gin a r ow of 12-13 denticles, decreas ing
i n size backw ards. First 8 denticles conical , shar p an d larg er than t he
pos terior 4- 5, oppos ite t he a ddit iona l r idge , w hi ch are small er , r ou n ded,
a n d in some speci mens lac k in g. Addit iona l r idge in dorsal view in distinct, wit h a slope on t he left si de o n ly, t he righ t slo pe being a lmost
enti rely fla tten e d. In dorsal v iew it somewhat covers t he m ain ridge.
In left si de vi ew it is m or e prominent: a distinct ro u n ded ridge, se pa r ated fr om t he m ain ri dge by a deep furrow. From the anterio r corner
of t he a dditiona l ridge th er e r uns t r an sv er sel y through h alf t he jaw
w idt h a n indist in ct fa int fu rrow. P ost erior mar gin somew hat irregular,
r un ni ng obliq u ely fro m the end of t he m ain ridge antero-laterally .
Ext ernal m argin direct ed posteriorly, p rovided in th e po st erior part
wi t h a distinct a ng u lar n otch, producing a ch aracteristic wing in th e
pos ter o- la tera l corner of the jaw.
In v entral view , the o pen ing of th e pulp ca vity occupies less th an
half the jaw len gth. Pulp cavit y sim p le, provided with a sha llo w, cu r ved furrow in the post erior part , associat e d with the addit ional ridge.
Mu scl e scar r ounded , large. Belt narro w (tr.), bel ow it in the pulp cavity o ne can see a ro w of pits, correspo n ding to the denticles of th e
m ain r id ge. .
MI left - is n ea r ly th e m irror ima ge of t he right o ne. Main ridge
is some wha t sh orter, provided with 8-9 denticles and som e indistinct
cr enulation s in t he post erior p art. The m ain difference concerns the
lack of an additional ridge in th e left MI. In the place corresponding
to th e additional ridge th ere is a distinct, deep longitudinal furrow
310
ZOFIA
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that becomes shallow anteriorly. In the ch ewing position the additional ridge of the right MI comes into thi s furrow.
MIl right - is a longitudinal narrow pl at e, w ith a row of 8 denticles. Th e longitudinal part of t he ja w is produced posteriorly into
a spine. In the anterior part the jaw is produced transversely into
a shank, at r ight angles to the dentary . Th e sha n k is thin (long). , tapering peripherally . The length (t r .) of the sha nk is less than a half of
th e jaw length (long.) . Pulp cavity op en, t he ent ire ventral si de being
occupied by the op ening. On th e ve ntra l side one can se e a row of distinct pits, corresponding to th e denticles.
MIl left - is almost a mirror image of MIl right, only being a little
longer. Th e anterior part of the inner m argins of both jaws are produced into the attachment lamellae which (as preserved in one specimen) are fuse d together. The attachment lamellae are irregular , large,
directed perpendicularly to the jaw surface and standing out somewhat
a nt er ior ly .
Kalloprion n.gen.
Typ e speci es: Kall oprion ovalis n .sp .
O ccurr enc e: Ordovician erratic boulders of Poland.
Derivation of name : G r . kallos - b e autifu l, p r io n -
saw.
Diagnosis. - Asymmetrical jaw apparatus of labidognatha type. Carriers paired, arrow shaped, in length equal more or less to MI. Basal
plate subtriangular, longer than wide. MI with first denticle somewhat
stronger than the rest. Large bight along the posterior border of MI
right . MIl paired with rounded anterior part, produced ext ernall y into
a short shank, directed posteriorly, and internally into an elongated
part, provided with a ridge of denticles. MIll single, left, subtriangular
with a concave posterior border, provided externally and internally
with longitudinally directed short shanks. MIV poorly known with
4-5 denticles. MV - imperfectly known teeth.
Discussion. - Kalloprion n .gen. here described, though recorded
above as a labidognath, displays some features characteristic of prionognaths, and is in some ways intermediate between these two types.
In all known fossil and recent labidognaths, the carriers are comparatively short and wide, in prionognaths - on the contrary - they are
arrow-like, elongated. In Kalloprion the carriers are arrow-like but not
as long as is usually characteristic of prionognatha type. Otherwise the
shape of MI and arrangement of MIl - MIll is more like those in the
la bidognaths.
Kalloprion n.gen. differs from Polychaetaspis Kozlowski and Polychaetura Kozlowski mostly in having differently shaped carriers and
in the shape of MI and the basal plate, which in the new genus are pro-
NEW
ORDOVICIAN GENER A
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APPARATUSES
311
vided with wide, transverse bases, whereas in Polychaetaspis and Polycha etura they taper posteriorly. Moreover the openings of the pulp
ca vities in MI of Kalloprion are smaller a n d MIl - MIll are differently
sh aped. Lateral teeth characteristic of Polychaetura a n d Pol ychaetaspis h ave not b een found in K alloprion.
From Paulinites L ange the new genus differs in h aving t he carriers
mo re elon gated, the basal plate larger a n d subtriangular (wh ereas it is
subr ectangular in Paulinites), MI differently shaped with the first
denticle no t developed as a dist inct hook and larger o pe nin gs of t he
pulp cavit y , and in having MIl distinctly smaller and- differently sha p ed. Similar differences concern Kettneraspis Zeb era (see Zeb era, 1935 ,
and Snajdr, 1951) which is a genus closely relat ed to Paulinites L ange.
A comparison with Ramphoprion n .gen, is given on p. 314/315 .
With regard to the detached jaws, very few plates similar to those
of Kalloprion have so far been described. The carriers described by
Eisenack (1939) as Orthopelta navis Eisenack, are somewhat similar
to those of Kalloprion , but they have different proportions being comparatively longer with regard to their width, and it is doubtful whether
they are congeneric. Protarabellites dub ius Stauffer (Stauffer, 1933)
shows similarities to the right MI in Kalloprion, but differs in having
the posterior prolongation of the denticulated ridge less thin and not
bent outside, as is characteristic of Kalloprion. As the jaw was not
figured in ventral view, it is difficult to decide how great are the similarities. The jaws described by Hinde (1879) as Arabellites lunatus and
A. cristatus, show some similarities to MIl (right and left) of Kallopr ion, but they are too poorly known to venture an opinion, whether
they could be regarded as congeneric. Much the same is true of Leodicites acclivis Eller (Eller, 1943) which shows similarities to the left
MIl in Kalloprion.
Kalloprion ovalis n .sp,
(pl. V-VII)
Type sp eci men: Nearly entire apparatus, No. 0.400/15 fi gured on pl . V.
Typ e horizon and locality : Probab ly lowermost part of the Upper Ordovician ,
corresponding to the Rakvere stage (E) of Estonian division. Erratic boulder of
Mochty, Warsaw district.
Stratigraphic ra nge: Middle Ordovician (Kukruse stag e) - Upper Ordovician
(Rakvere stage) .
D er i vation of name: Lat. ov ali s - oval, from the su bov al sh ape of MI ri ght
and left, when preserved to gether.
Diagnosis. - As for the genus.
Material. - No. 0.400/15 t ype specimen: carriers, basal plate, MI
right and left, MIl right and left, MIll single left, MIV right and left,
and imperfectly preserved, uncertain MV; No. 0.400/229 basal plate
312
ZOFIA
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA
and MI right; No . 0.366/3 basal plate, MI right a n d left , MIl right and
left, MIll left; No. 0.366/43 MI left, MIl left, MIll left ; No . 0.182/39 MI
left ; No. 0.182/40 M left.
R emark. - In addition to the apparatuses cited above, two assembl ages of Kall oprion were found in th e sample from th e b oulder No.
0.39 8 ; these differ from K. ovalis n .sp. m ostly in the sh a pe o f th e bas al
plate, which is narrower and mo r e elo n ga te d than in K .ovalis. It is
probable that th e s pe cimens from th e boulder N o. 0.39 3 r epres ent a no ther species of Kalloprion, which w ill be elaborated lat er.
D enticl es formula:
S as al pl ate
9- 10
1+l C-13
1 + 11- 13
MI
7-10
MIl
9
8-9
MIll
MIV
6
4?
I?
MV
I?
Description . Carri ers preserved in o ne specime n o n ly (No.
0.400/ 15) a re displaced fr om their n ormal p osi t ion and sit uated o b li quely n earl y perpendicularl y with respect t o the length of th e a p p a r atus. Th ey form two arrows rounded a n ter io rly, tapering posteriorly .
Th ey a re widest a cross the a n terior r ounded part. L ength t o m aximal
w idth ratio of a single carr ier is about 5.3. On th e d or s al side th ere are
in di sti n ct, s u b lon git u d inal thread-like lin es, bent somewhat o u t side .
L en gth o f t h e carri ers is m ore o r less eq u a l to that of MI.
Basal plat e is s ubt r ia n gu la r, longer t h a n wide, u sually w ith 9 d enticl es, the first o f which is s ligh tly la r ge r than the rest. P osterior bor del' is directed a t first transversely , then anterc-laterally . Anteri or b order directed postero-I aterally , m eeting t h e posteri or b order at the p oste r ior en d o f th e jaw. In one specimen N o. 0.366/3 (d. pl. VI) th e basal
plate is so mewhat differently shape d, anterior and po sterior b order s
mee ting each other h alf w a y along the jaw. These differences are due
to th e fact th at th e di stal, narrow (long.) part , which is thinn er and
m ore transparent than the r est of the jaw, m ay b e easil y broken o ff.
MI right - is elo n ga t ed longitudinally , 2.5 times longer than wide.
First denticl e is so mew h a t stronger th an the r est which are si tuated
. behind it without an interval. Most often 12 d enticles d ecreasing in size
po st eriorly. B ight so mew h a t longer than wide, o ccu pyin g more than
o ne third of the jaw length . Intern al m argin directed posteriorl y, the
m ost poste r ior, narrow p a rt of th e jaw, op posite the bight bent posterolat er ally. Ext ernal m argin directed p ostero-laterally, th en posteriorly.
Th e m iddl e part of the jaw, behind the first denticle, so m ew h a t concave . Al ong the e x ter n al margin, in the prolongation of the first den ticle, the jaw is slightly inflated, forming an indistinct border, pro-
NE W
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duced into a short (long.) rounded shan k, in t he postero-lateral corn er. Ventral vie w : th e open ing occu pies 4/5 of the ja w length. Belt
na r row, a long it t here run a deep fur row with a ro w of pits. In th e
middl e part of the o pe nin g ther e is a s ubtria ng u lar swelling, associa te d
w it h the deep ening o n t he dor sal side. A long the external m argin th e
wa ll of t he jaw is t h icker. In some s pecimens at t he internal m ar gin
a remna nt of a n at t ach m ent la mella is preserved.
Ml left - is elongat ed lon gitudin all y , 2.5 times longer tha n wi de.
First den ti cle so mewhat la r ger t han t he ot hers. Int ern al m a r gin dir ecte d at first poster ior ly , t h en postero-lat er al ly . A row of about 12
denticl es decreasin g in size posteriorly. P ost er ior m argin dir ect ed a t
fi r st tra nsversely, t h en b ent a n d dir ect ed a ntero-latera lly. E x ternal
margi n dir ect ed post e ro-lat er ally . Postero-latera l corner situ ated
a quarter of t he way a long t he ja w fr om behi n d . In t he posterior part of
t he ja w a deep, longitu di na l f urrow, para llel to t h e dent a r y , sit uated
cl ose to it , ru nning t hro ug h one t hird of t he ja w lengt h. Ex t ernal bo rder ,
in t he prolongation of the first denticle, es pe cia lly in t he a nterior part
somewhat inflated . Vent ral vi ew : op ening occupies 4/5 of t h e jaw len gt h .
P arall el t o the inte rna l m argin , a r ow of pits, corresp ondi ng to th e denticl es, is distinctl y seen . In th e midd le pa rt of the op enin g t her e is a large
su bt r ia ngu lar swelling.
MIl right - a nte rior part of t h e jaw is subcircular, produced posterior ly into two shanks, internal one longer , directed poste r iorly, with th e r ow of denti cles, and extern al one m u ch sh or t er, dir ect ed som ewha t postero-later a lly. 9 den ticl es, 5 of which ar e lar ger and
sha r p, n ext small er an d r ounde d. P ost er ior margin between two shanks
concave. Al ong the ant erior a n d ex te r na l m a r gin s, in the prolongati on
of t he first denticl e, there r uns a som ewhat swollen bor der , pr oduced
into t he ext erna l sha nk. Th e wa ll of t h e jaw b ehind this border is somewhat concave. Ventral vi ew : th e opening occupi es t he m a jorit y of t he
ja w, the n ar ro w belt of t he jaw be ing pr es er ved along t he a nterior a n d
interior m ar gins. In t he mi ddle of t he ope ning t here is a n inflat ion o n
the jaw , associated w it h t he concavity on the dor sal si de. Alo ng th e
inter nal m a r gin , a m or e o r less large attach me nt lamella is pr eser v ed.
MIl left - is n earl y a m irro r image of MIl right.
M Ill lef t - is similar in shape to MIl left , b ut sma ller and wit h
shorter (lon g.) sha n k s. Attach ment lamella prese rved.
M I V righ t - is im perfectly known, preser ve d in one specimen in
abnor ma l posit ion and som ewhat da maged (see pl. V) with about 4 den ticl es .
MlV left - sim ila rl y imperfec tl y k no w n, ja w rounde d anter io rly
with 6 denticl es, t he first o ne s omewh at longer t han t he ot her, ext erna l
m a rg in produced into a short sha nk.
314
ZOFIA
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MV righ t - in fro nt of MIV ther e is, pres erved in one sp ecimen only,
an imperfectly known tooth which seems to be composed of a single t aperin g to oth, di r ect ed longi tudinally , a nd a tra nsverse , long (tr .) shan k
at it s base, sit uate d a t right angles. The tooth is however very poorly
kno wn a nd t he a bove desc r ip ti on is tentative only.
MV left - only a rem na nt of it is preserved in one specime n, but
it is too poo r ly known to be p rop erl y descr ib ed .
Anterior t eet h - t he r e is som e evide nce based on the spe cim en . No.
0.400/15 t hat in front of MV th ere wer e some paragn aths, which are
t oo poor ly known to be discuss ed.
Variation. - The sp ecimens r ecorded by the author wit hi n Kalloprion
ovalis n. sp. diff er in some det ails. Th e differences concern mostly th e
sh ape of the basal plate (se e p. 312). Mor eov er, MI of t he spe cimen No.
0.366/ 3 differ from the other specimens in having t he first a nd second
denticles in both right and left jaws of almo st eq ual siz e, whereas in the
remaining specimens the first denticl e is distinctly larger (see pl . VI).
Otherwise, the sp ecimen No. 0 .366/3 is almost identical with t he others
and it se ems to the present writer that the above cited differences m a y
b e r eg a rded as du e to individual va riation .
Ramphoprion n. gen.
Typ e specie s: R amphoprion elo ngat us n . sp .
Occurr enc e: Ordovi ci an erratic b oulde r s of Poland , Ordovician (T r en t on) of
Onta r io , Qu ebec and New York, Upper Ordovician of United states (Mirnnesota ).
D eri vat ion of name: Gr. ram phos be ak, p ri on - saw , on a ccount of the
be ak-like a n ter ior denticle in MI.
Diagnosis. - Asymmetrical jaw apparatus of labidognatha type. Carriers very small, short (long.), equal to one third of MI length. Basal
plate su btr ia ngu lar, longer than wide. Strong right lateral tooth (left
one so far never preserved). MI narrow, elongated jaws with strong first
denticles a n d numerous small behind it . Th e op ening occupying less than
a half of th e jaw length. MIl paired jaws elongated longitudinally, with
rounded anterior part, produced ext er nall y into a short shank and internally into an elongated part with a ridge of d enticles . Left MIl somewhat larger, situated further backwards than right MI. Openings in MIl
occupying less than half the length o f the anterior part. MIll single left,
distinctly smaller than MIl, a n t er ior margin rounded, posterior concave,
opening small.
Discussion. - The new genus here described differs from all known
fossil labidognatha genera in having very small, short (long.) carriers,
and st rongly elongated MI. Similarly shaped carriers occur in Paulinites
Lange and Kettnerites Zebera, in Ramphoprion they are however shorter.
N EW
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A PPAR AT U S E S
315
Moreov er, the basal plate is in the new genus longer, the lateral tooth,
lacking in Paulinit es a nd K ettn erite s, is her e present, a nd lastl y MIl are
in the new ge n us comparativel y smaller a nd di ff er ently shape d. Ramph oprion diff er s fro m Pol y cha etaspi s Kozlowski and Poly ch aetura K ozlowski in having differ en tl y shaped carriers, ba sal pl at e shorter in comparison w it h the length of MI, and in having pulp cavit y of MI st rongly
enclosed, wh erea s in both Polych aetura and Polyehaetaspis the ope nin gs
are ver y large, t he pulp cavities being slig h t ly enclose d. The sim il arit ies
between Ramphoprion and Pol y ehaetaspi s concern the pr esence o f lateral
t eeth.
From Kalloprion n. gen. above d esc r ib ed Ra mphoprion n. ge n . diff ers
mostly in the sha pe of the carriers and th e basal pl at e, w hich in K ail oprion is comparativel y sho r ter a nd differently shape d, an d in having
differently shaped MI, with much smaller openings of th e pulp cavities.
MIl and MIll are somewhat similar in both genera, but in Kallopr ion
they are distinctly concave on the dorsal side and ventrally provided with
much larger openings of the pulp cavities than in Ramphoprion.
As Ramphoprion is comparatively poorly known, the assemblage of
only one sp eci es being found so far , it is difficult to decide with any
certainty what is the range of var iability of particular jaws within this
genus. The isolated MI right and left, which could be attributed to
Ramphoprion, have be en described a nd figured by vari ou s authors, and
they are discussed below. The following list has, however, a tentative
character only, showing that some isolated ja ws ar e similar to those
in Ramphoprion, without stating with certainty that they are congeneric.
Protarcbellites glenwoodensis Stauffer (Stauffer, 1933) may represent left MI of Ramphoprion n .gen., Nereidavus proeurvus Eller (Eller,
1943) - left MI , Oenonites eonterminus Eller (Eller, Lc.) may represent left MI , but as the jaw is figur ed only in side view, it is possible
that the similarities are here illusory. Lumbrieonereit.es longae Eller
and L. angustifossus Eller (Eller, 1945) may represent right MI. Lastl y
in the same paper Eller described some jaws, recorded by him as belonging to Nereidavus (e.g. N. avinoffil Eller and N. alatus Eller , d.
Eller, 1945), which though differing in details, show som e similarities
to MI left of Ramphoprion.
Ramphoprion elongatus n.sp.
(pl. VIII, IX, X; te xt -
fi g. 2B)
Type sp eci men: The apparatus composed of the carriers, basal pl ate , MI
ri ght and left, ri ght lateral tooth, MIl ri ght and le ft , and MIII single, left, No .
0.398/1, figured on pl. VIII.
ZOFIA
316
K I E LAN- .JA WOROWS K A
T yp e ho ri zo n and loca lit y : Mid dle Ord ov ici a n , co r re s p :mding t o th e K eila
stag e (DIll of E st on ia n d iv is ion. Er r a tic b ould e r fou n d in Mocht y , provo of Wa r sa w .
D i agn o si s: A s for t h e gen us.
D er i vat i on of n a m e: L a t. el o n ga t us - on accou nt of t h e s t rongly elon gate d ML
Mat eri al. - No. 0.398 /1 - t ype specimen ; 0.398/2 - bas al plate , MI
r ight , a n d rig h t lat er al tooth ; 0.3 98/12 - MI r ight; 0.398/14 - MIl left ;
0.398/ 15 - M I left, strongly depressed.
Denti cl es for m u la:
Basal pl a t e
13
Ml
24-26
18-20
IVIII
12
?
Mill
?
uk nown
MIV , MV
uknown
D escripti on . -
Carri er s sm a ll , eq ua l t o a bo u t o ne third the length
of MI. Eac h ca r r ier is su bt r ia n gu la r , widest anteriorly, tapering po st-
er ior ly, wid th t o len gth r atio bein g ab ou t o ne to four. Carrier s t ouch
each o t h er a lo ng t hree quart ers o f th eir length.
Ba sal pl at e s u bt ri a n gu la r in o u t lin e , longer tha n w ide , w it h 13 denti cl es o f n e ar ly eq ua l siz e. A nterio r m argin direc t ed at firs t pos ter olaterally, then t ransversely . P osterior m argin short (tr.) di r ec t ed transversel y . Outer m ar gin d ir ec t ed at fi rst (fr om behin d) ant eriorl y , then
a n terc - Iater a ly. Prox imal part of th e pl at e mu ch longer (lon g) . than
t h e distal o ne, w hich is distinctl y t r ia ng ular . In vent ral vi ew t he b elt
is ccmparativ e ly n ar row, wider a n ter io r ly, narro wing posteriorly .
L at eral t ooth is a st ro ng t oot h , bent a n ter io r ly , terminating wi t h
a sha r p point, eq ua l t o m or e th an o n e third the length o f MI. Open in g
at t he base, o ccu pi es a little less than one third of th e t ooth le ngt h . In
specim en N o. 0.39 8/1 th e too t h comes close to MI d orsally , its opening
bei n g o n the dor sal si de. In sp ecimen No. 0.39 8/2 the t ooth is o u tt u rned ,
f ast ened t o t he right MI laterally , th e o pen in g being sit uated ventrally ,
th e point direc t ed o utside . By analogy w it h numerous, so far undescrit e d specimens of P ol y chaetaspis , in which lateral t e eth a re preserved
cl ose to MI , with t he op en in gs a rran ge d dorsally, it seems that the
po sition of the tooth in s pecim en No. 0.398 /1 is natural.
MI right - elo n gate d jaw, bottle sh a ped in d orsal vi ew, a bo u t 3
ti mes longer than wi de , with 18-20 denticles. First denticle d istinctly
lar ger t ha n th e ot h er , sit uated ou tside the prol ongation o f the dentary.
First 6-7 d enticl es com parat ively s m a ll, increasing in si ze p osteriorly,
next 6-8 la rger , conical , dir ected backw ards, m ost p osterior 6-7 d ent icl es sm a ller , decreasing again in siz e posteri orly , rounded. Bight occup ying o ne third o f the jaw length, longer than wide, its anterior border
direct ed transv er sely . Outer margin runs from th e first denticle at
first posteriorl y , th en postero-Iaterally t o the triangular po stero-lateral
NE W
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317
corner, th en transversel y , surrounding the bight an d postero-mediall y
to the r ounded en d of the jaw. Th e internal margin r uns at first post eri orly , th en fo r ms an ar ch convex externally and runs poster c -rned ial ly .
The maximal width of t he jaw is in fro n t of the bigh t, across th e postero -Iater a l corner. The left slope, steep a n te r ior ly, bec omes fl at t ene d
hal f way a long t he ja w, w here t he ja w is at its w idest . The right slope
is m od erat el y steep a nterior ly, becomes very steep in front of t he bight
a n d a lso opposit e t he bight , where there is a deep su btriang u la r de pressio n in th e dorsal w all of th e ja w .
In left later al vie w the jaw is n arr ow, five t imes longer than wi de,
fi r st denticle distinctly larger than t he r emaining, dir ected at r ight
a ngles to t he length of t h e dentary . The diffe r ences in th e size of dent icles are plainly vi sible in thi s vi ew. In t he middle of th e ja w length,
t he p ost erior part of the openin g is vi sible.
In right la t eral v ie w, fir st den ticl e is sim ila rly promin ent. Proportio ns ar e like those in th e left vi ew . Posteriorly a large part of th e ope ning is vi sible an d one can se e th at t he v entral side of t he po stero - Iat eral corner, occu pie d by th e op ening, is distinctly convex.
In ventral view , m ore th an half of the jaw length is occupie d by the
ope nin g. In th e m iddle of th e ope nin g there is a distinct s ubt r iang u lar
infla tio n, corresp onding to t he subtri angular dep r ess ion on t he dorsa l
side. This swelling is sur ro u n de d on t he right side by a deep longit udin al furro w wi th a row of pits at the bottom, corresp onding to th e dent icl es, a n d on t he left si de by th e o bliq ue ly dir ect ed fur r ow , ru n ni ng
from th e m iddle anterior part of t he o pe ni ng to t he en d of the pos terolat eral corner. The an ter ior part of the post er o-l at eral cor ner in front
of t he fur row forms a dis ti nct, elongated swelli ng .
MI le ft - is bot tle sha pe d in dor sal view, th r ee an d a h alf times
lon ger than wid e, w it h abo ut 24 denticles. First den ticl e distinctly larger than t he rest, sit uate d ou ts ide th e prolon ga tion of the de nta ry. As
in th e r ig ht ja w, t he den ticl es a re la r gest in t he m iddle of t he jaw , de creasi ng in size both anter iorly a n d post eriorly . The o u ter m argin is
directed at first postero -Ia tera lly, th en forms a n arch convex exter nally
an d directed post er o-medi all y , t o t he transverse, short p ost erior m ar gin.
Th e interior ma r gin runs in t he a nter ior part qu it e cl ose t o t he den t ar y ,
so that th e anterior part of the r ig ht slope is not visib le in dor sal view,
t he n it t urns o utwa r ds and r uns post ero-Iat erally to t he corner, situate d a qu ar ter of the way alo ng the jaw from beh ind, turns o nce m or e
an d runs post ero-m edially to t he t ra ns versal poster ior m ar gin. T h e left
slope, comparativel y fl att en ed a nter ior ly, bec om es very steep in the
po st erior part. The right slope is al so st eep po st e ri orly, where the den ta ry is elevated. From th e posterior margin there runs anteriorly a ve ry deep , distinc t f ur row, si t uated close to the den t ary on its le ft si de,
318
ZOFIA
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t hrough a bo ut a quarter of the ja w length. Outside t his furrow, par alle l to it, there is a longitudinal inflation. In both right and left later al vi ews th e jaw is very narrow, first denticle arranged at right angles
to th e dentary, denticles well visible. In ventral vi ew the op ening is
somewha t shorter (long.) than in MI right, occupying less than half the
jaw length. Along the opening, on the left side, there runs a very deep,
longitudinal furro w , with deep pits, corresponding to the denticles.
MIl left is a jaw rounded anteriorly, with a concave dorsal wall and
a row of 12 denticles along the internal margin, de creasing in size posteriorly. In both specimens: No. 0.398/1 (where MIl is preserved in
an assemblage) and No. 0.398 /14 (representing detached MIl) the denticles are large and flat , distinctly worn out. The outer margin of the jaw
extends into a short, longitudinally directed pointed shank. Posterior
m argin, enclosed between the shank and the ridge of denticles, is concave. In ventral view the opening covers the shank, the interior prolongation with pits corresponding to the denticles and one third of the
a n ter ior part of the jaw. Along the elongat ed part with pits, a part of
the dorsal wall of the jaw is visible on the left side. It is produced into
an -irnper fect ly preserved attachment lamella.
MIl right - is shaped similarly to MIl left, somewhat shorter (long.).
As it is preserved only in an ass emblage (No. 0.398/1) , hidden som ew h at
under MI r ight, it is difficult to estim ate the exact number of denticles an d to describe it in det ail.
MIll left - is a subtriangular jaw, produced ex te r nally into a short,
posterc-laterally directed shank and internally into a short prolonga- .
t ion wit h denticles. Its anterior m argin is convex, th e posterior one
concave. Th e opening occupies ab out one third or more of the jaw
length. As in MIl r ight, the exa ct number of denticles is difficult to
as certain.
X anioprion n .gen.
T y pe species: X an i opri on bor ealis n .sp.
O ccurren ce: Ordovician erratic boulders of Pol and.
D er i v at i on of n ame: Gr. xanion comb, prion -
saw, on accoun t of t he
comb - like struct u re of M2.
Diagnosis. Nearly sym met r ica l jaw a ppa rat us, consisting of
th ree jaws on each side and some im pe r fe ctly kno wn anterior t eeth.
Carriers unk nown. Mi elongat ed jaw, arranged internally , M3 in its
a n terior prolongation, anteriorly bent outwar ds. M2 narrowly open ja w,
parallel to Miand to t he longitudinal part M3, coveri n g them somewhat
dorsally, in the a n ter ior pa rt bent outwar ds , following the course of M3.
Dis cussion. - Among the fos sil a n d recent eu nicid apparatuses,
only Vistul ella Kielan-Jaworowska invites comparison (see fig. 4).
NEW
OR DOVICI AN
GENERA
OF
POLYCHAETE
JAW
AP PARATUSES
319
Xanioprion and Vistulella are alike in the presence, in the posterior
part of the apparatus, of two parallel jaws on each side, the external
one somewhat covering the internal one dorsally. The main difference
concerns the fact that the apparatus of Vistulella is strongly asymmetrical, wh ereas it is almost entirely symmetrical in Xanioprion.
Th e right side of Xanioprion recalls the right side of Vistulella in
the arrangement of Mi , which in both genera are elongated, with open
pulp cavities. However M~ is in Xani'oprion much shorter (long.),
occupying a half or less of the apparatus, whereas in Vistulella it occupies nearly three quarters of the apparatus. M2 in both forms is similarly sit uat ed, covering Mi somewhat dorsally, however in Xanioprion
the denticles of M2 are more distinctly separated from each other, particularly so in the anterior part, whereas in Xanioprion they are very
large, each provided with its own pulp cavity. The main differences
concern the r emaining jaws, as in Xanioprion in front of Mi there is
one jaw, called here M3, situated in the prolongation of MI, whereas
in Vistulella there are two jaws in front of Mi, both bent somewhat
outside anteriorly , but it would be be yond the scope of the present pa per to discuss wh ether one of them should be regarded as homologous
with M3 in Xanioprion.
With regard to the left side of Vistulella, the similarities are still
clos er. This side in Xanioprion consists of three jaws, but only two
in Vis tul.ella . However, in th e pl ace occupied by M 1 and M3 in Xanioprion , Vistulella has an elong at ed jaw, anteriorly bent outwards, very similar in shape a nd ar r an ge ment to M 1 and M3 of Xanioprion, if th ese
we r e fu sed together. The a r r a ngem ent of M2 is in both genera id entical.
With regard to t he detached jaws, so far described, only Leodicites
su blun atus Walliser, from the Ludlovian of the Canadian Arctic A rchipelago shows sim ila r it ies to M3 in Xanioprion. Walliser (1960) ,
describing Le odicit es sublunatus, compared it wi th several spe cies
(see Walliser, 1960, p. 24). All t he jaws cited by him, have a denticula ted ridge, straight or bent somewhat ant eriorl y, in none howev er
does the ri dge exten d onto the shank, to the lateral corner of th e jaw.
In M 2 of Xanioprion the denticulated ridge follo ws the curvatur e of
t he jaw, exten ding as a cr enulat ed ridge to the lateral extrem ity of
t he jaw. Judging from the illustration of Leodicites sublunatus (Walliser, 1950, pl. 5, fig. 4 a, b), t he r idge (smooth or sligh t ly crenulat ed)
r eaches t he la teral extremity of th e ja w, as is characteristic of Xanioprion. Otherwise, as far as t he wr it er knows, no jaws which could
be regar de d as congeneric with particular jaws in ' Xanioprion have
ever been described .
""
,-:>
o
N
o
::J
~
~
t'1
r~
~
....
;p
$J
o
:u
o
$J
in
~
~
/11 r
A
B
Fi g. 4. - Dia gr ammatic sketc hes of th e jaw appa r at us es : A Xan iopr i on borealis n . ge n., n. sp., B V i stu l ell a koz lowskii
Kie la n-Jaworow ska . Both species fr om the Or dovi cian errati c bou lders of P ola nd. Anterior jaws on t he ri ght side in
V i stul ella not numbered, as their hom ology with those of Xaniopr ion is not cle ar.
NEW
ORDOVICIAN
GENER A
OF POLYC HAETE JAW
APPARAT USES
321
Xanioprion borealis n. sp.
(text-fig. 4; pl. XI , XII , XIII)
Ty pe specim en: Th e apparatus No . 0.400/140 fi gured on pl. XI.
Type hori zon and locality: Probably lowermost part of the Upper Or dov i-
cian, corresponding t o the Rakvere st ag e (E) of Estonian divisio n; e r r at ic boulder
found in Mochty, provo of Warsaw.
Stratigraphic r an ge: Mi dd le Ordovician (Kukruse st age) - Upper Ordovici an
(Rakvere st age).
Deri vation of name: La t. bo re a s - north wi nd , boreali s com ing from the
north.
Diagnosis. - As for the genus.
Material. - No . 0.400 /140 - type sp ecimen, consisting of right a n d
left MI. M 2 and M 3 , and two left anterior t eeth ; No. 0.142 /2 - t igh t
M 2 and M 3 ; No. 400/140 - right M I and M 2 ; No . 0.279 /3 - right M2.
Descript ion. - Right side. M I right elongated jaw, tapering post eriorly . Anterior margin d irected transversel y , pulp cavity open.
9-11 sh arp denticles decreasing in siz e posteriorly. Right and left
sl opes comparativel y steep . On the left slope th er e a re indistinct furrows , being the prol ongations of the boundaries betw een the denticles,
which do not r each the m argin of the jaw.
M z right - elon ga ted jaw, compressed lat erally with pulp cavit y
nar r owly ope n , consisting of 15-21 small denticles in the p osterior p art
and 6 larger teeth anteriorly . Anterior part of jaw, consisting of individual t eeth, which are provided with sep arate pulp cavities , is much wider
(tr.) than the posterior. As however, eve n in the detached M 2 , they are
a lways preser ved t og ether with the post erior part of the jaw , it seem s
r easonable to t he pres ent writ er to describe b oth anterior and poster ior parts tog ether, as one jaw. The posterior part is arranged longitudinally, the anterior one m ay be bent somehow o ut wa r ds, follo wing the bow of M 3 , which covers it p artl y dorsally. In th e dorsal view
of the apparatus, the ridge of denticles forms the left margin of the
jaw. The particular t eeth of the anterior part of the jaw are distinctl y
separated from ea ch ot her, so met imes one partl y cov ering anoth er.
First and second t eeth are usuall y small er th an t he third and fourth ,
which are the largest. N ext two t eeth are smaller again, e spe cia lly the
six t h, which is sli ghtly larger than the first denticles of the posterior
part of the jaw. The siz e of t eeth in particular jaws may vary . T eeth
a re long (tr.) and sharply pointed, each provided with a r ectangular
opening into the pulp cavity , arranged laterally , best se en in side
v iew . In ventral vi ew a part of the openings is seen. Anteriorly the
jaw is produced into a longitudinal, pointed prolongation, running from
the base of the first denticle anteriorly. In cross section it is convex
dorsally, concave ventrally . The points of the teet h are bent upwards ,
3 Acta Pa l aeontologica Polonica Nr 3-4
322
ZOFIA
KIELA N-J A WOROWSKA
following the right slope of M a. The largest teeth of the anterior part
of the jaw are about three times longer (tr.) than the denticles of the
posterior part. In the posterior part the denticles are directed transv ersely, their tips being bent posteriorly. On both right and left slopes
the boundaries between the denticles are visible and reach the margin
of the jaw. The left slope comparatively narrow anteriorly, widens
posteriorly, causing the somewhat curved course of the posterior part
of the denticulated ridge. The posterior margin of the jaw forms an
undenticulated ridge, directed transversely, somewhat postero-rnedially. The right slope is somewhat wider than the left one. At the
base of denticles it extends into a thin pellicle, often broken off. Posteriorly this pellicle separates from the jaw as a longitudinal thin
ridge, running parallelly to the jaw and following its course in the
posterior part, bent postero-medially behind the jaw, reaching the
middle posterior point of the apparatus, where M 1 and M 2 right and
left meet each other. The pulp cavity in the posterior part of M 2 is
best seen in lateral view and is divided into several large pits, associated with particular denticles, fused however into one compound
pulp cavity.
M 3 right - a jaw in the form of an arch , with a row of 12-16
denticles and with a gaped pulp cavity. The posterior part of the jaw,
arranged in the prolongation of Mr, is directed longitudinally; the
anterior, subtransversal part forms an arch convex anteriorly, its
distal, tapering part being bent postero-Iaterally. The deriticles are
compressed laterally and are the largest in the longitudinal part, where
they are sharply pointed, directed posteriorly. Anteriorly, the denticles decrease in size somewhat, but in the transversal part they are
still comparatively large. Laterally, in the tapering distal part, the
denticles decrease in size significantly, forming only more or less
distinct crenulations along the ridge. The number of larger denticles
varies between 8 and 11, the number of crenulations between 5 and
8. The denticulated ridge divides the jaw between the concave right
and convex left slopes. The denticles directed posteriorly overhang the
right slope. On the left slope there are furrows forming the prolongations of the boundaries between the denticles. They are more distinct
in the longitudinal part of the jaw, where they reach the base of the
jaw. In the anterior transversal part they may disappear.
Left side - is more or less a mirror image of the right side. In
one specimen (No. 0.400/140), where right and left sides are preserved
together, there are some differences in the shape of particular teeth and
in the number of denticles of right and left M 2 , as well as in the shape
of right and left M a. The differences between the right and left sides
in this specimen are not, however, greater than between the parti-
NEW
ORDOVICIA N
GENERA
OF
POLYCHA ETE
J AW
APPAR ATUS ES
323
cular specimens of the right side, and they r a nge within the individual variation.
specimen No. 0.400/140, the differences between
the right and left sides are partly due to the state of preservation
(e. g. right M 3 is slightly compress ed).
Anterior t eeth - in specimen No . O. 400/140 there are two anterior
teeth, preserved in front of the left M 3 • Th e first , smaller one, is a jaw
consisting of two pointed branches, at right angl es to each other. One
shorter is dir ect ed longitudinally, slightly bent and covers M3 dor sall y
with its pointed en d. The transversal branch is directed along t he ant erior margin of M3 . Anteriorly a remnant of the attachment lamella is
seen. The ventral side is poorly known, as it is covered by t he next
tooth. The second to oth is larger than the first one, situated below
and in front of it. Its posteriorly directed branch is narrow and curved, touching M3 with its point. Th e transversal branch is subtriangular, dir ect ed transversely, and provided on the ventra l side with the
op ening of the pulp cavity. An imperfectly preserved attachment lam ella embraces the anterior edge of the tooth.
In
Palaeozoolog ical Laboratory
of the Poli sh Academy of Sci enc es
Warszawa, March 1962
REFERENCES
CRONEIS , C. G. 1941. Micropaleontology - past and future . Petrol. Ge ol., B u l L, 25, 7, 1208-1 255, Tulsa .
Amer. Assoc .
CROSSLAND , C. 1924. Polychaeta of . Tropical Eeast Africa, the Red Sea and
Cape Verde I slands collected by Cyril Crossland , and of the Maladive Arch ipelag o colle cted by Professor Stanley G ardiner, M. A., F. R. S. - Proc .
Zoo!. So c., 1, 1-106, Lo ndon.
EHLERS, E. 1864/68. Die Borstenwiirmer (A n n elid a , Chaetopoda). 2, I-XX + 1-748,
Leipzig.
EISENACK, A. 1939. Ei ni ge neue Annelidenre ste aus dem Silur und dem Ju r a
de s Baltikums. - Ztschr . G esch i eb eforsch. , 15, 3, 153-176, Leipzig.
ELLER, E. R . 1934. Annelid jaws fr om the Upper Dev on ia n of New York. Ann . Carnegie Mus ., 22, 303-317, Pittsburgh .
1935. Annelid jaws from the Hamilton Group of On t a ri o County, New York.
I bi dem , 24, 51-57.
1936. A new scole codon t gen us , Il dra it e s, fr om the Upper Dev on ia n of New
Y ork. - Ibidem, 25, 73-77.
1941. Scolecodonts from the Windom, M iddle Devonian of Western New
York. - I bi d em , 28, 323- 341.
1943. Scolecodonts from the Erin d al e, Upper Ord ovician, at Streetsville ,
Ontario. - Ib id em , 29, 241-271.
3'
ZOF IA
324
KI EL A N- J A WOROWSK A
1945. Scolecodonts from the Trenton Serie s (O r dov ic ia n) of On ta r io, Quebec
and New York. - Ib idem, 30, 119-21 3.
1955. Additional sc ole codo n ts from P otter Farm F ormation of the Dev on ia n
of Michi gan. - Ib idem , 33, 303- 317.
1961. Scolecodonts from well' samples of the Dundee , Dev on ia n of Mi chi ga n. Ibidem, 36, 4, 29-48.
FAUVEL, P . 1919. Annelides polych et e s de la Guya ne fr an c;a ise. - Bull. Mus .
Pari s, 25, 472-479 , Paris.
1923. Faune de France. 5. Polych et es erra ntes. 1-488, P a r is.
1953. Annelida Polychaeta. In: S. S ewell, The Fauna of India including Pakistan , Ceylon , Burma and M al ay a . I-XII + 1- 507, Allahaba d.
HARTMAN, O. 1944. Polychaetous Annelid s. P a rt V: Eunice a . - Allan Hanco ck
Pacific Exp. , 10, 1, 1-200, L os Angelos.
HINDE , G . 1879. On annelids jaws from the Cambro-Silurian, Silurian and
Dev on ia n Formations in Canad a a nd fr om the L ower Carb onifer ou s in S cotland. - Quart . J. Ge ol. Soc ., 35, 370-389, L ondon.
1880. On annelid jaws f r om the Wenlock and Ludlow Formation s of the
We st of Engl and . -Ib idem, 36, 368-378.
1882. On an n eli d remains fr om the Siluri a n st rat a of th e I sle of Gotla n d. B ih . k on gl. Sv en ska Akad. Handl. , 7, 5, 1-28, Stockholm.
JAANUSSON , V. 1956. Untersuchun gen tib er de n oberor do vi zischen L y ckholm- S tu fe nk om ple x in E stland . - B ull . G eol. I n st. U p psala , 36, 369-398, Uppsala.
1960. Grapt oloi ds f ro m the O nt ik an a nd Virua n (Ordov.) L imestones of
E st onia and Sweden . - I bid em , 38, 289-3E 6.
- 1961. Remarks on th e Ordovi cian os tracods de scribed b y K r au se . G eol.
F or . St ockh . F orh ., 83, 4, 412- 413, S t ockholm .
KIELAN-JAWOROWSKA, Z. 1961. On two Or dov icia n po lyc hae te j aw a p p a ra tuses (0 dw6c h or do w ickich apa ra tach szczek ow y ch w iel oszczet6w (An nelid a , P oly ch a eta)). - A cta Pala eont. Po l. , 6, 3, 237-259, Wa r szaw a .
KOZLOWSKI , R. 1956. Sur quelques appareils m asti cateurs des Anneli de s P oly ch et e s ord ovi ciens (0 pa ru n arza da ch szczek ow y ch p ierscie nic w iel oszc zet6w
z ok r es u ordowickiego) . - Ib i d em , 1, 3, 165- 210.
1962. Crustoide a - no uveau gro upe de grapt oli tes (Cr us t oidea - n ow a gr upa
gra ptolit ow) . - I bi d em , 7, 1/2, 3-52, Wa r szaw a .
KRAUSE, A. 1892. Neue Ostrac ode n a us ma rkisc hen Silur ge sch ie b en. - Zt schr.
d eutsch. geol. G es., 44, 383-399, Berli n .
L ANGE, F. W. 1949. - Poly ch aete an neli ds f ro m the D evonian of P a ran a , Brazil. B u l l. Amer. Pal eont., 33, 134, 1- 71, Itha ca.
S ARV, L . 1959.
ostracod s in
Uurim us ., 4,
SIEGLINDE , S.
Ostrakod y ord ov ik a Est on sk oj SSR. (Summ ary: Ord ovi cian
the E stonian SSR.). Ees ti NSV T ead . A kad. , G eol. In st .
1-206, T alli n.
1959. Sc olecond onte n a us dem Ze ch stein Thtiringens.
Freib .
F orsch ungsh ., C 76, 1-32, Berlin.
,S NAJ DR , M. 1951. On errant Polychaet a fro m th e L ower P aleozoi c of Bohemi a . - Sb orn. G eol. Sur v. C zech o sl. , 18, 241-296 , Prague.
S T AUF F ER C. R. 1933. Middle Ordovi ci a n P oly ch aeta from Mi nne sota . - B u l l.
Ge ol. Soc. Amer., 44, 1173-1218, New Y ork.
1939. Middle Devonian Polychaet a fr om the L ake Erie dist r ic t. - J . Pal eont. ,
13, 5, 500-511 , Menash a .
S TRACH AN, S . 1959. Graptolites from the Ludibu ndus Beds (Middle Ordovician)
.of 'I'v a r eri , Sweden. - Bull. G eol. Inst . Upp sala , 38, 47-68, Uppsala.
NEW
ORDOVICIAN
GENERA OF POLY CHAETE JA W
APPARAT USES
325
SYLVESTER, R. K. 1959. Scole codonts from Central Missouri. - Ibidem, 33, 1,
33- 49.
WALLISER, O. H. 1959. Scolecodonts, Conodonts a nd Vertebrates In : Boucot ,
Martinsson et ali i, A late Silurian fa u na f r om the Sutherland River Formation , Devon I sl an d, Canad ian Arct ic Arch ip elago . - Bull. C eol. S ur v. Canada,
65, 21- 39, Ottawa.
ZEBERA , K. 1935. L es Conodontes et le s Scolecodontes du Barrandien. - Bull.
i nt o A cad. Sci. B oMme, 1-8, P r a gue.
ZOFI A
K IELAN-JA WO RO WS K A
NOWE RODZAJE ORDOWICKICH APARATOW SZCZE;KOWYCH
WIELOSZCZETOW (ANNEL ID A , POLYCHAETA)
Str eszczen i e
W roku 1960 au torka przystapila do opra cowywania kolekcji aparat6w szcz ekowych wieloszczet6w z ordowickich gla z6w narzutowych Polski. Czesc tej kolekcji zostala opracowana przez Kozlowskiego (1956), kt6ry opisal 3 ga tu nki, nale zace do rodz aj6w POlychaetaspis K ozlowski
Polychaetura
Kozlowski,
oraz
przez Kielan-Jaworowsk q (1961), kt6ra opi sala dwa ga tunk i, nalezace do r odzaj6w Mochtyella Ki elan-J aworowska i Vistulella Kielan-Jaworowska. W roku 1961,
op isujac rodzaje Vistulella i' Mochtyella, autorka nadmienila, ze kolekcja apar at6w szczeko w y ch wielosz cze t6w z gla z6w narzutowych , przekazana JeJ do
opr acow a n ia przez Profesora Romana Kozlowskiego, obejmuje wiele tysiecy izolowan y ch szczek oraz kilkadziesiat aparat6w szczek ow y ch. Poniewaz oct tego ezasu gla zy narzutowe byly nadal zbierane przez Prof. Koztowskiego, Doc. Urbank a i autorke oraz sys t em aty ezn ie ro zpuszezane w kwasaeh soln ym i oetowym
w Zakladzie P aleozoologii PAN w Warszawie , opra cowywana
kolekeja wzrosla zn a cznie, tak ze obejmuje on a obecn ie ponad 400 mniej lub bardziej kornpletnyeh ap ar a t6 w szc zek ow y ch wielosz ezet6w. Poniewaz opraeowanie ealej k olekeji musi zaj qc dluzszy okre s cza su , au t or ka zde eyd ow a la sle opublikowac
osobno opi sy pieciu nowy ch
rodzaj6w, wyro znion ych dotyehe za s w toku bad ail .
Wszystkie opi sane tu rodzaje zalie zone sa do nadrodziny Euni ee a. Ustalenie
mniej szych jednostek sys t em atyc znye h takieh , j ak rodziny i podrodzrny, w obrebie kopal nych Euni ee a zos t a n ie dokonane p ozniej. Wsrod wyro znionych tu 5 rod zaj6w, dwa : Atraktopri on n. gen. i Skal en opr ion n . gen. sa typu prionognatycznego . Znalezienie ieh jest interesuiace z te go wzgledu , ze prionognatyczne apar aty szcze k ow e nie byly doty ehezas znane w st a n ie kopalnym. Tylko pojedyneze
szc zek i, opi sywane pod n azwami rodzajowym i Arabellites Hi nde, Protarab ellites
Stauffer i Ildra ites Eller, wydaja sie przed st awiac maxille pierwszej pary (MI)
apa r a t6w
priono gnaty czny ch . Rodzaj
Atraktopri on
st a n ow i
aparat
sz czek ow y,
326
ZOFIA
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA
zlozony z dluglch, p ar zysty ch podpor, nieparzys te j p rawej p ly tki bazalne], par zysty ch MI , op atrzon y ch d u zy m i, za gietymi k olca mi prze dn imi, parzysty ch MIl
w f or mi e ka t ownicy, n iepar zy ste j lewej MIll , niewielki ch t r 6jkqtny ch p a r zy st ych
MIV ora z pa rzys tyc h MV, stanowiacych u opisanego t u Atr aktoprion corn u t u s
n.sp. po je dy n cze ze by . J ezli p or ow n ac aparat szczek owy A . corn utu s n. sp. z apar a tem szczekowy rn
dz is ie js zyc h
wieloszczet6w
0
szczekach
prio no gn atyczn y ch
taki ch , jak n p. Aglaurides fu lgid a Savi gny, H alla p art henopeia (Delle Ch iaje)
i inn ym i (por. f ig. 2), to po do b ienstwo dotyczace liczby , ksztalt u i ukla du po szczeg6lnyc h plytek w aparatach jest tak uderzai ace, ze wydaje sie, iz sa w szelkie p od st awy, a by po sz czeg6ln e szczek i u dz isie jszych prioncgn atycznyc h aparat6w numerowac w spos6 b w yka za n y na fi g. 2. W inte r p retacji tej , pierwsza plytk a szcze k ow a z p r aw e j strony uznana jest za ho mo logiczna p ly tce bazaln ej i n ie
jest nu merowana, n atom ia st um ieszczona przed n ia duza pl ytka (dr uga), po do bna
ks zta ltem i wielkoscia do pierwszej p lytki z lewej st r on y, u zn an a jes t za M I za p a r e p ierwszej szczek i z lew e j strony. Nastep n ie ot rzyma my u f orm dzisiej szych , podobnie jak u k opal ny ch , parzyste M Il, nieparzys ta MIll or az p arzyste
M IV i MV. P r zy je cie t ej inte r p r et a cji p ozw oli na oznaczanie w j edn olity s pos6 b
kopalnych i dzis iejszych szczek , i to zar6wno w t yp ie p rionog natycznym , [ak i labidognatycznym , w skazui ac , ze roznice miedzy dzisiejszymi prionognatycznymi
i Iabid ogn aty czn ym i apa r atami sa znacznie m ni ej sze , n iz p r zy jmow an o d ot y chczas, i po legaia na zani ku plytki bazalnej u dzisiej szy ch for m lab idogn a t y czn y ch
(por. fi g. 3), p lytki, k t 6r a wystepu ie je dn ak u k opaln yc h a parat6 w t ego typu.
Sk a l en opr i on n.gen. d rugi z opi sanych w niniejszej p r ac y aparat6w prio no gnatycznych , je st mniej poznany ; n ajbardziej k ompletny ze sp 6l sklada sie z M I
prawej i lew ej oraz M Il praw e j i Ie w e j , U r odza j u te go n ie w ystepuje p ly tka bazalna i obie szczek i MI sa prawie sy m et r y czn e, jednak w prawej szc zece M I n a
d ole w y st epu je dod a tk ow y rzad za bkow (kt6ry niekiedy , jak n p. u opisanego t u
Sk a l en opr i on alatus, m oze bye gla dk i i tworzyc tylko wypukla list ewke). A u t or-
ka uwaza , ze dod at k ow y r za d zabkow u Skalenoprion m ozn a uznawac za h om ologiczny plytce bazalnej A t raktop rion i innych aparat6w p rionognatycznych.
K a l l opr i on n .gen. i Ramphopri on n.ge n . przedstawiaj a aparaty typu lab id o-
gnatycznego, K all opr i on , m imo ze za liczony do typu Ia bidogn aty czne go, wykazu je pewne cechy charakterystyczne dla aparat6w prioriognatycznych, mianowicie obecnosc dlu gic h podp6r , zblizonych do tych, [akie wystepuia u kopalnych
i dzisiejszych fo rm prionognatycznych . U Kallop rion [ednak podpory te sa stosunkowo kr6tsze i szersze, niz w t ypie prion ognatycznym. P oza tym apa rat te n
sk lada sie z p lytki bazalnej , parzystych M I i M Il, po jedyn czej M Ill oraz par zyst y ch , st osunkowo sla bo poznanych MIV i MV.
Ramphopr ion prze ::lstawia aparat prionogriatyczny charakteryzujqcy sie obec-
noscia bardzo kr6tki ch , tr6jkqtnych podp6r i bardzo dlugich M I. U kla d szczek
je st
tu typowy dla form
Ramphoprion
stw ie r dz on a
labidognatycznych, Cecha charakterystycznq ro dzaju
je st
wystepowan ie
zeba
przez
K ozlow sk ie go
(1956)
lateraln ego ,
u
ktorego
Polychaetaspis
ob ecnosc
warkae
zostala
K ozl ow sk i.
BRYOZOA FROM THE O R D O V I CI A N ERRATIC BOULDERS
327
U P . w arkae zeby lateralne wystepuja syme t ry cznie, umieszczone sk osn ie w przednich czesciach MI , przykrywajac je od strony gr zbie tow ej. U Ramphoprion st w ie r dzono obe cnosc tylko je dnego (prawego) zeba lateralnego , sadzac jednak z podobienstwa do P . warkae m ozna przypuscic, ze i w t ym rodzaju wystepowaly dwa
parzyste zeby.
Xanioprion n.gen, przed stawia typ budowy aparatu szczekowego k t6r y ni e
moze by e zaliczony ani do typu prionognatycznego, ani do labidognatycznego.
Zda niem autorki , rowniez i dzisiej szy rodzaj D or v illea P a r fi tt przedstawia typ
budowy odmienny, ni z wymienione tu typy, i p owinien bye wyeliminowany z ty -
pu
prionognatycznego, do kt6rego byl dotychczas zaliczany. Opisuja c rodzaje
Mochtyella i Vistulella , K iel a n- J aw or ow sk a (1961) stwierdzilar6wniez, ze ni e m ogq bye one zaliczon e do typu prion ognatycznego , badz lab id ognat ycznego. W materiale opracowywanym przez autorke istnieje w iec e] zblizonych typ6w apa rat6w,
k t6 r e zost ana opi san e poznie] i w6 wczas beda utworzon e nazwy dl a typ6w budowy, charakte ryzujqcyc h Xa n i opr i o n i inne w ymienione t u ro dzaje. Rod zaj Xanioprion zbl iza sill najbardziej do rodzaju Vistu l el la, od kt6rego rozn i sill tyrn , ze
m a apa rat praw ie ca lk owicie sy metryczny, gdy t ym czasem V i st ulella ch arakteryzu je sill silnie asymetrycznym aparatem szczek owym (po r . fig. 4). Cec h a wspolna obu typ6w aparat6w je st obecnosc dw6ch pod luznych, r6wnoleglych SZCZllk
z kazde] st r ony, przy czyrn zewnetrzna przykrywa nieco wewnetrzna od strony
gr zbietowe j, oraz zagiecie SZCZllk wewnetrznych w przedniej cze sci aparatu n a
zewnatrz, tworzacych charakterystyczne luki.
Zdaniem autorki , nie mozna w obecnym sta nie wiedzy przeprowad zic homologii szczek w aparatach Vi stulella czy Xa n ioprion ze szczek ami t ypu prionognatycznego i labidognatycznego. Dlatego te z autorka zastosowala numerowanie
SZCZllk u rodzaju Xan ioprion cyframi arabskimi, zamiast rzymskich , przyjetych
dl a kopalnych i dzisiej szych a pa rat6w prionognatycznych
labidognatycznych,
ab y uniknac sug es t ii 0 homologii.
OBJASNIENI A DO ILUSTRACJI
Fi g. 1 (p. 296)
A Atraktoprion, pr aw a MI , od st r ony brz usznej ; B Sk a l en opri on , prawa MI,
od st r ony grz biet ow ej; C Atraktopr i on, lew a MIl , od st r ony grzbietowe j; tr kierunek poprzeczny, l ong . k ie r unek podluzny, 1 d lugosc zatoki , w szerokosc zatoki
b pa s, ms odci sk mies niowy, mr gl6w ny gr zebien, ar dodatkowy gr zebie n,
Fi g. 2 (p. 298)
Schematyczne rysunki dzi siej szy ch i kopalnych aparat6w labidognatycznych :
A Onuphis eremita Audouin & Milne-Edward s, dzi siej szy ; B Ramphoprion elon gat us n .gen. , n.sp ., ordowicki ; Cr podpory , Bp plytka ba zalna , Lt zab boczny,
M I - M V poszcz egol ne szczeki, prawa i lewa (MIV i MV u Ramphopri on nieznane ).
Fi g. 3 (p. 301)
Schematyczne r ysunki dzi siej szych i kopalnych aparat6w prionognatycznych:
A A glau ri d es ful gida (Sav igny) , dzi siej szy ; B Atraktoprion cornutus n.gen., n .sp .
328
ZOFIA
KI ELAN-J A WOROWSKA
ordowicki ; Cr po dpor y , Bp plytka bazaln a , M I-MV poszczeg61ne szc zek i, prawa
i lewa.
Fi g. 4 (p. 320)
S chematyc zne rysunki aparat6w sz czek owyc h : A Xaniop rion borealis n.gen.,
n .sp. ; B Vi stul ella ko zl owsk i i K ielan-Jaw orowsk a . Oba rod zaje z ordowickich
gla zow n arzutowych Polski. Przednie szczek i z prawej st r ony a p a r a t u u V istu le lla
ni e n u m e r ow a n e , gdyz ic h homolo gia ze szcze k a m i u Xanioprion jest niejasna.
PI. I
h olotyp , No . 00400 /1 , g laz narzutowy z M ocht
(w oj. w ars z.), przypuszczalnie wieku g6 rn o- or d ow ick ieg o (p ietro Rakvere). A od
stron y g r zbie t ow e j , B od s t r on y brzusznej . Prawie ko mpletny, n ieco splaszczony
okaz, kt6rego prawa strona przesunieta je st k u przodowi w st os u n k u d o le w e j .
Podpory cze s ci ow o u lamane i przytwierdzone sk os n ie wzd luz grzbie towej strony
MI. Stron a brzu szna cze s ciow o pokryta osadem krzemionkowym .
A t r ak t o p ri on co rn u t u s n .sp. -
PI. II
Atr aktoprion sp . a , No . 0.18211, g la z narzutowy z Mo ch t (woj. warsz.) , w iek u
srodkowo-ordowickiego (pietro Kukr u se ). A tylna czesc aparatu od st ron y g r zbieto wej , z zachowanym i mand ibulami ; B ten sam okaz od st r on y brzusznej; C le w a
strona te goz aparatu (odizolowana p o wykonani u rysun k6w A i B ), w idziana b ardziej z bo k u, w znacznym p owieksze ni u ; D izo lo wana pl ytk a b a zalna te go s a m e go aparatu, od strony grzbietowe j i b rzusznej , w ty rn ze powiekszeni u, co fig. C.
P I. II I
ho loty p , No . 0.59/1 , g laz n a r zut ow y z Wl a dy sl a wowa (woj. gdansk ie) , n ie zn a ne go w ieku. Oka z ztoz ony z M I i MIl (p rawych
le w y ch ), A od st r on y grzbi etowej , B od strony brzuszne j.
Skalenoprion ala tus n .sp. -
P I. IV
Skalenoprion a la t u s n. sp. A lewa M I N o. 0.59/3, g la z narzutowy z Wl a d ysl a -
w ow a (w oj . gdanskie), nie zn a ne go wieku ; A I od s tr ony grzb ie to we j, At od s trony brzusznej. B prawa M I , No . 0.174/4, glaz narzutowy z Wyszog rod u - Zak roczy m ia (wo]. warsz.), nieznanego w ieku ; B I od strony g r zbie t ow e], B t z b oku , z lewej str ony, C od strony b r zu s znej ,
PI. V
ho lotyp No . 00400/15 , rme jscowosc I poziom j a k d la
pI. I. Prawie k om pletn y okaz, z podporam i um ieszczonym i skosnie i z p rzedn imi
s zczek a mi nieco sp la s zczon ym i i r uszonymi z norrnal nego po loze n ia . A od st r on y
grzbietowej , B od st r on y brzuszne] , C z b oku , z le w e j str ony, D p r aw a st ro na a paratu (oddzie lona po wyk onani u r y su nk6w A - C), z bo ku z lewej strony ni ece skosnie od strony brzusznej , E le w a M I V t egoz okazu , F' lew a M I ll t egoz okazu.
Kallop rion ova lis n .sp , -
PI. VI
Ka lloprion o val i s n.sp. n ie ko mpletny aparat zlozony z 6 s zcze k , N o. 0.366/3,
g la z narzutowy z Zakr oczym ia (wo j. warsz .), wieku srodkowo -ordowickiego ( p i ~ ­
tro Ku k r u se lub Id a v e r e ). A od str on y grzbietowe j, B od strony b rzuszn ej , C z b ok u z prawe j strony , D z boku z le w ej str ony, E i F oddzielone: le w a M I ll i p r awa MIl tego sa m ego aparatu , w znacznym powiekszeniu , w dwu po lozenia ch ,
P I. VII
Kall o pr ion o val is n .sp., A okaz zlozony z 3 szcze k, kt6re rozpad ly si e podczas
rysowania ; No . 0.366/43, m ie j s cowos c i poziom jak dla pl. VI. Al od d zielona le w a
MIl , od strony grzbietowe] , At oddzielona , n ie co sp laszczo na le w a MIll tegoz okazu , A a oddzielona lewa M I tego z ok azu , z prawej strony z bok u , lewa s tr ona
NEW
ORDOVICIAN
GENERA
OF
POLYCH AETE JA W
APPA RA TUSES
329
szcze k i .n ie co ul amana ; B prawa MI z plytka bazalna, od st r ony gr zb iet ow e j,
przednia cze sc M I u lama n a i zagi eta : No. 0.400/229, miejscowosc i poziom - jak
dla pI. I ; C lewa MI , widziana z czterech st r on, No. 0.182/39 , poziom i miejscow osc - j ak dla pI. II.
PI. VIII
n.sp . holotyp, prawie kompletny ok az , zlozony
z podp6r i 6 szczek, No . 0.39811 , glaz narzutowy z Mocht (w oj. warsz.), wieku
sr od ko w o- or do w ic ki ego (pi etro Keil a) . P o:lpory, przesu ni ete ku przo:low i, przyk r ywaja n ieco lewa MI i pl ytke bazalna od st r on y gr zb ie t owe], przednia CZE; SC
pl ytki b az al nej i przed nia cze sc prawej MI nieco pokryte osadem krzemionkowym, A ad st r ony gr zbiet ow e], B z baku z lewej st r ony, C ad st ron y brzusz nej ,
D z baku z prawej st rony.
Ramphopr i on elongatus
PI. IX
Ramphoprion el ongatus n. sp. , prawa MI , No . 0.398/12, poziom i m ie jscow osc
jak dl a pl. VIII. A od strony gr zb iet ow e j, B ad strony brzu sznej , C z prawe j
st r on y z bo ku , D z lewej st ro n y z bo k u .
PI. X
Ramphoprion elo ngatus n. sp., poziom i mieiscowosc - jak dla p l. VIII. A l lewa MIl - od st r ony grzb ie to w ej, A 2 t en sa m oka z od str on y brzuszn ej , No.0.398/14 ;
B zesp6 1, ztozony z praw ej M I , plytki baz al ne j i ze ba bocznego, kt6r y zostal w yruszony ze sw ego norrnalnego potozenia, B I od st ro ny grzbiet owe j , B 2 ad strony
br zus zne j; No. 0.398/2.
PI. XI
holotyp, zlozony z 6 szczek , No. 0.400/140, m ie jjak dla pl . I. A od st r on y grzbi etowej , B ad st r ony b r zu szn e j.
Xanioprion borealis n.sp. -
sc ow osc i poziom -
PI. XII
Xan ioprion borealis n. sp ., Al prawa M2 i M;I od st r on y gr zb iet ow ej, A2 ten
sam okaz 0:1 str on y b rzusznej, No. 0.142/2, glaz narzutowy z Wyszogrodu - Za kroczym ia (wei . warsz.), wieku srodkowo-ordowickiego (pietro Kukr use); B I od d zie lon a p rawa M 2 - od st r on y gr zb iet ow e], B2 tenze okaz ad st r on y brzusznej (ni eco
z bo ku), No . 0.379/3, gla z narzutowy z Mocht (woj . w arsz.), wiek glazu nieznany.
PI. XII I
Xaniopr i on bo realis n. sp. , okaz zlozony z prawej M2 i M 3 , No. 0.400/ 145, rrue jsc ow osc i poziom - jak dla pl . I; A od strony brzusznej , B z bo k u z lewej st ro -
ny , C od st ro ny gr zb ie t ow e j.
Skroty u zywan e na rysunkac h p la ns z
Cr pod po ry ,
M I-MV p oszczeg6lne
szczek i aparat6w w t ypie prion ogn a ty cznym
lab ido gn atycznym
M j-M;I po szczeg6lne szczek i aparatu u Xaniop rion boreali s n.sp.
r prawy, I lewy,
Bp ply tk a bazalna , pc jama mi ekisz owa, Md mandibule, al blaszka laczaca, ar
dodatkowy gr zeb ieri, at przedni za b, It boczny zab,
ZOFI A
330
KI EL A N-J A WORO W SK A
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331
AP P AR ATUSES
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o oe 'leJIlOCTM
MI
prion alatus,
HBJIH eTCH r JIa llKM M If
l\00a B04 H b ll1
p Hl\ 3YO'lI1KOB
Atr akt oprion
n rr a crmnce
K a ll opr ion
n . gen . M
c aojrcraa
ofipaayer
Ra m ph opri on
H aJIM'l Me lIJIMHHblX non nopox
naxo-
Skalen o-
K aK
r Oll\ OJIOrM'l H bl l1
Oa 3 a JIh H Oii
armaparoa,
n , gen . n peACTa BJI P'IOT a rm a p a ms t n a tinn orua-
113 y n o M HHyTbl X
x a paxr epn s re
onacanno r o T yT
asmyxn yro nJIa H O'lKy . ABT Op C'!MTaeT,
MO >!t H O T OJIKOB aTh
M ll PYQ~ n p1101l0rU aTl-1'le CKI1 X
T M'leCKOrO TM na, X OTH nep na a
aexo rops re
MI
nO'lTM CI1MMeTpM'lHbl, Ol\HaKO BHM3Y npaao ji 'leJIJOCTI1
l\I1TCH l\06aBO'lHblii: pHl\ 3YO'l MKOB , K OTOphl11 MHorAa , KaK y
'lTO
ofipaaua x
Hal16 0JI e e nOJIHblX
rrpaasrx M JIeBblX MI M MIl. Y sroro p ona H eT 6 a3aJIbH0l1 nJI a CTMHKM,
l\JI ~
cPOP M oO Hapy mMBaeT Ol\HO B peMeHH O
npI10HOrHa1'l1'leCKMX
OJIlI3KI1Y. T eM, KaKMe MMelOTcn y
MeHHblX npMOHor HaTM 4eCKH X ¢ Op lll . O ,!\I Ia K O
Y K aHopri on
a n napar o a ,
M~leHH O
a
MCKon aeMbl X M COBpe-
nozmop xn :l 1'M OTH OCH T e JIb -
HO x opo x e 11 umpe . ' Je M 9 npJ10HOrI-laTM '!CCKOM TMn e . KpOM C Toro, 31'01' a rma par
CTOMT
M3
Oa3aJI b H0l1 n JI a CTlIHKM,
cpaB Hl1 TeJI b HO CJIaOO M3Y'leHHhI X
Ramph opr i on
CyTcTBMeM
O'leH b
MI
napnsr x
MI V
M
M
MIl,
ellMHM'l Hoi1
MIll
M
MV .
n p el\CTa B JI H e T npMOHOrHa TH 'leCKI1i1 annapar, OTJIWlalOll1MHCH n p uK Op OTKl1X
rpeyrom. ua rx
nozmopox 11
o-rem,
lIJII1HHh l X
MI. Pacrro-
JI OmeH l1e 'l eJIIOCTe H Tl1nl1 'IHOe l\JIH cPOPM JIaOH l\OrHa T I1'leCKl1 X . X apaKTepHOH
p ona
Ra mp hopri on
H B JIHeTCR
yCTa HO B JIeHO K 0 3 .'l oB CKI1 M
narepamsn s re
'laCTHX
'l l1 e
MI,
TOJIbKO
P. UJa rkae
:ly6 bl
npacyrcrna e
n arepa msnoro
(1956) y Polycha eta sp i s warka e
asrcryn aror
CMM ~.tCTPI1'lHO,
KOCO
n p axpsma a I1X co cmHlHOH CTOpOH b !.
Ol\HOrO
(npaaoro)
JIaT epaJIbHOrO
MomHO nonycrrrrr., 'ITO M
X an iop r i on
CO-
rrapmsix.
Y
ay fia,
K o zl o w ski.
p ac n o zroxc enasre
Y Ramphorion
3yoa .
H a JII1 'll1 e
C Y A il
-r e p r on
xoroporo
Y P . w ark ac
B
n e p enanx
y CT a H OB JI CH O Ha.'lI1 -
O,!\Ha KO
no
llOllOOMIO
na
sroro poaa I1MeJIMCb zma napnsrx 3 y 6a.
n . g en . npt',!!,CTa B JI HeT TIm CTpOeHI1H 'ieJIIOCTHOr o
a n rra p a ra, KOTOpb!l1
He 1II0meT Ob l Tb OT Hec e H HI1 K np I10 H OrHL!TI1'leCKoMy. H H K JIaOMl\OrH<:lTI1'leCK OlllY 1'l1 n y .
ITo lIIHCUl110 a a ro p a, ra xace M COBp e M eHHblH P Oll
D orv illea
Parfitt lIp ellCTaBJIHeT MHO ri
Tl1n c rpoenna, qeM yxa a amn.re n s nue. 11 non xcen OblTb I1CKJIlO'leH 113 U pI10HOrHaTM'leCKOrO nma . K xcroposry ero n o cnx n op npH'lI1CJIH JIM .
O n n csta a a p o rns r M ochtyella
ZOFIA
332
KIELA N-J A WOROWSKA
(1961) YCTa Ho BuJla TO:lKe, 'ITO U 3TU cPOPMbl He srorvr
npnonor-narrrvecxoxry U.'1I1 Jla6UAorHaTI1'Ie CKOMY Tuny. B 0 6paGa-
U V i stu [ella ,KemlH-flBopoBcK a
UbITb OTHece HbI K
TbI Ba ellI OM a BTo pOM Ma TepU<lJle U ~l e (,T CH o OJl~ mee 'lUCJlO arm aparoa nOA06Horo rnna .
K OTOpbIX o n ncaa a e 6YAeT 1I. aHo
AJIH Tun OB crpo eaaa
p. 6Y .T\yu~ellI,
cnoncme nno ro
U TorAa 6YAYT YCTa HoB Jle Hb i Ha 3BaHUH
X a n i opr i on
n epe-racnenasm
U llPyrl1M
TyT
V is t ul ella , 01' x orop oro
p OAa M. P OA Xan i o p r i on 60 JIee pccro npH6J1 u :lKaeT CH K P O}:lY
OTJII1'l a eTCH r esr, <ITO ero a n n a p ar n O'lTI1 n OJlH OCTblO CI1MMeTpU'lHbIH, B TO
Bp e ~IH
K aK
y V ist ulella 'leJlIOCTHb l l1 a n napar n OJlHOCTblQ a CUMIIICTPI1'lHb li1 (cp. cPl1r . 4) . 06ll.\l1M
'::Boi1cTBOIII a n naparoa OOOUX Timo n HE.TlHCTCH a amr-nre ,11By X npon onsm.rx n apanrr ernsHblX 'leJllQcTei1 C K a:lKAOH CTOpOHh l , npn 'leM
uapyxcaa a
npmcpsmaer HeCKOJlbKO
BHyTpCHHlO1O CO cnl1HHoi1 CTOpOHbl , a rarox e u3rl16 a apyxcy B
p a ra BHyTpeHHI1X
IT o MHeHUIO
nepennek xac'rn anna -
-rernoc retl, 06pa 3YI{)U\I1X xapaxrepnsre nyrn.
aaropa,
npn COBpellI eHH OM COCTOHHI1U
nponccru rOMOJlOrl11O -remocren B ann aparax
3Ha HUH, HeT
B03MO:lKHOCTlI
Vistulella 11.1111 Xanioprion 11 xenrocrea
npI10HOrHaTI1'leCKOrO 11 Jl a611J:\orHRTI1<le cKoro Tl1na. IT O::JTOMy TO aBTOp. BO 113Uen~aHl1e
BHymeHI1H 0 rO:\IO.'JOrHI1, npl1l1I eHI1J1 0603I1a<!eHI1C 'leJlIOCTel1 Y porta
Xanioprion apafi -
CKI1MI1 l:(l1cPpaMI1 BlIIeCTO PllMCKI1X, npHHHTbl X AJIH I1CKOnaClIIblX 11 con p eueaasrx n p n oHOrHaTI1'leCKI1X H Jla6I1AOrHUTI1'leCKI1X
armaparoa,
PLATES
Abbrevi ations u sed:
Cr carriers
MI - MV particular jaws of the apparatuse s in labido gnatha and prionognatha
types
M, - M 3 particular jaws of the appa ra tus in Xani opr ion borealis n. sp.
r
ri ght
I
left
Bp ba sal pl at e
p c pulp cavity
Md mandibles
a l a tta chmen t lamella
ar additional rid ge
at anterior tooth
It lateral to oth
PI. I
Atraktoprion cor n ut us n.
sp .
Type spe cim en , No. 0.400!1, e rratic boulder from Mochty (prov. of Warsaw), probably of Upper Ordovician a ge (Rakvere stage) . Nearly entire , sligh tl y depressed specimen, with right side mooved forward with regard to the
left
one.
Carriers partly broken off and fa stened obliquely alo n g the dorsal side of MI.
Ventral side partly covered by siliceous m aterial.
A
dorsal view,
B
ventral view.
ACTA
PALAEONTOLOGICA
POLONICA. VOL .
VII
Z.
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA.
PL .
/1Vr
/1JVr
MJVI
/
1101-
PC
_
nlr
~
/1/1
Bp
-------- MI I
PC
\
" )~ cr ~ '-':
O,2 mm
A
B
I
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA P O L O N I CA.
VOL .
VII
z.
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA . PL . II
P I. II
Atrak topr io n sp. a
Specimen No. 0.182/1, e rratic boulder from Mochty (pr ov. of Warsaw) , of Middle
Ordovician age (Kukruse stage):
A po sterior part of the apparatus, in dorsal view, preserving the mandibles,
B the same, in ventral view,
C lef t side of t he same apparatus (isolated when the drawings A and B were
made), in mo re lateral view, in greater enlargement,
D isolated basal pl ate of the ap pa ra t us in dorsal and ventral views, the same
enlargement as fi g. C.
P I. III
Ska l eno pr i on al at us n. sp .
Spe cim en No. O. 59/ 1, errati c boulder f ro m Wl a dy sl awowo (pr ov . of G dansk ), of
unknown a ge. Type sp ecim en con si sting of MI and MIl (both ri gh t and left)
A
dorsal v iew,
B
ventral v ie w .
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA , VOL . VII
Z. KIEL AN-JAWOROWSK A . PL . III
ACTA
PALAEONTOLOGICA
POLONICA .
VOL .
VII
or
Z.
KIELAN-JAWOROWSKA,
PL .
IV
PI. I V
Skalenoprion alatus n. sp.
A
spe cime n No. O. 59/3, erratic boulder from Wladysl awowo (prov. of Gdansk ),
of u n k n ow n age
A i left M I , in dorsal view,
A 2 the
B
same, in ventral v iew,
r igh t MI , No . O. 174/4, erratic boulder from Wy szo gr6d- Zakroczym (prov. of
Warsaw) , of u n k n ow n age,
B 1 in dorsal view,
B 2 in left side view,
B 3 in ventral v iew .
4 Ac t a P al a e ont ol ogic a Polonica N r 3- 4
PI. V
K alloprion ovalis n . sp.
Type specimen No. 0.400/15, e r r ati c boulder fr om Mochty (p r ov . of Warsaw) ,
probably of Upper Ordovi cian ag e (Rakvere st ag e ). Nearly entire sp e cim en with
carriers preserved obliquely an d an te r ior j aws somew h at compressed a nd removed
from t heir n atu ral po sition
B
dorsal v iew,
the sam e, ventral view,
C
the sa m e , in left side v iew ,
A
D
right sid e of the apparatus (is ola te d when the drawin gs A-C were made)
in left si de, somewhat ventral v iew,
E
F
isolated MIV left of the sa m e sp ecim e n,
isol a ted MIll left of the sa m e s pecim en .
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA
POLONICA . VOL.
VII
Z.
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA . PL .
u
w
o
V
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA , VOL. VII
Z . KIELAN-JAWOROWSKA . PL . VI
nUll
E
c
A
aI
(, '
al __
<
I
/.,
(1
11/1
pC
F
Bp
1'1lt
DC
B
D
P I. VI
Kallopr ion oval is n . sp.
Incomplete apparatus con sisting of six jaws, No. 0.366/3, erratic boulder from
Zakroczym (prov. of Warsaw) , of Mid dle Ordovician age (Kukruse stage or
Idavere stage )
A the as semblage in dorsal view,
B the sa m e, in ventral view,
C the same, in ri ght side view,
D the same , in left side view,
E, F isolated MIll left and MIl r ight of the sa me apparatus in greater enlarge ment, in two views.
4'
PI. VII
Kallopr i on ov al is n. sp ,
A
in complete appa ratus con sisting of three jaws isolated dur in g the drawin g ;
A1
No . 0.366/3, erratic bo ulder from Z ak r oczym (prov. of Warsaw) , of Middle Or dovician a ge (K ukruse stage or Id av er e st ag e)
isolated left M Il in dorsal view,
A 2 isolated , som ew h at compressed left MIll of th e sa m e s pe cim en,
A 3 isolated left MI of the sam e specimen , in ri ght sid e v iew, left slope of the
jaw som ew h a t broken off,
Bright MI with basa l plate , in dorsal v iew, a n t er ior part of M I partly broken
off ; No . 0.400/229, errati c boulder fr om Mo chty (prov. of Warsaw), probably
of Upper Or dov icia n age (Rakvere sta ge),
C
isolated left M I in four views ; No. 0.182{39, erratic boulder fr om Mo chty
(prov. of Wa r saw ), of lVI idd le Ordovi ci an ag e (Kuk ruse st ag e)
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA . VOL . VII
z.
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA . PL . VII
I
Bp
T
pc
B
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA, VOL . VII
Z . KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA , PL . VIII
o
u
PI. VIII
Ramphoprion elongatus n . sp.
T ype specimen, consisting of the carriers a nd six jaws; No. 0.398/1, erratic
boulder from Mochty (prov. of Warsaw), of Middle Ordovician age (Keila stage) .
The carriers are moved forward , covering MI left and basal plate somewhat
dorsally, anterior part of the ba sal plate and anterior part of the right MI are
covered somewhat by a siliceous material
A dorsal view,
B left side view,
C ventral view,
D right side view.
PI. IX
Ramphopri on elong at u s n . s p.
Isolated ri ght MI ; No. 0.398/12 , erratic boulder from Mochty (prov. of Warsaw) ,
of Middle Ordovician age (Keila stage)
A
dorsal view,
B
ventral view,
C
ri gh t side view,
D
left si de view.
ACT A PALAEONTOLOGICA P O L ONI C A.
VOL . VII
Z. KIELAN- J A WOROWSKA . PL . IX
o
u
«
PI. XI
Xan iopr ion bo real is n. sp.
T y pe s peci m en, consisting of . six jaw s ;
No .
0.400{140,
errat ic
boulder
f r om
Mochty (prov. of Warsaw ), probably of Upper Ordovici a n age (R ak v er e stage)
A
do r sal view,
B
ven tral v ie w .
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA, VOL . VII
Z.
KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA , PL . XI
«
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA , VOL . VII
t
Z . KIELAN- J A WOROWSKA . PL. XII
PI. XII
Xaniopr i on borealis n. sp.
Specimen No. 0.142 /2 , erratic boulder from Wyszo gr6d-Zakroczym (pr ov . of Warsa w ), of Middle Ordovician age (Kukruse stag e)
A l ri ght M2 and M3, in dorsal view,
A 2 the same, in ventral view.
Sp eci men No . .0.279{3, errati c boulder f rom Mochty (prov. of Warsaw) , age of
the boulder unknown
B I isolated ri ght M 2 , in dorsal view,
B 2 the sam e, in ventral view (som ew hat laterally) .
PI. XIII
Xanioprion borealis n. sp.
Right M2 and M3; No . O. 400/145 , erratic boulder from Mochty (prov. of Warsaw), probably of Upper Or d ov icia n age (Rakvere stage)
A
ventral view,
B
left side view,
C
dorsal view.
ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA . VOL . VII
Z . KIELAN-J A WOROWSKA, PL. XIII
u

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