Classification of Life Why do we need to classify living things? Biologists group living things to make it easier to communicate information while studying them to understand their needs, characteristics, and behavior. How Do We Classify Living Things? • Biologists group living things based on similarities in appearance and behavior. • A biologist named Carolus Linnaeus started this naming system. • He classified organisms into Plants and Animals. This was known as Linnaen classification. Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish botanist who laid the foundation for modern taxonomy know as the father of classification. How Does this Work? • He also created binomial nomenclature (two names) for naming organisms. • all organisms are assigned a specific two-word name based on the Latin language. • • What is the binomial nomenclature for humans? Homo sapien Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish scientist who laid the foundation for modern taxonomy Rules There are many important rules that must be followed to keep all binomial names standardized: The entire 2-part name must be in Latin. The entire name must be written in italics (or underlined when handwritten). The genus name is always written first. The genus name must be capitalized. Advantages to Naming System They are accepted by speakers of all languages Each name applies only to one species Each species has only one name. When observing these animals what do you notice? You will notice similarities among animals that belong to the same family. But each animal is different from other family members. Evolution has resulted in a great diversity of living organisms This diversity has led to the development of a classification system: . We call this naming system: Taxonomy (from Ancient Greek: taxis = arrangement, nomia = method… “method of arrangement”) Every known living organism on Earth is classified and named by a set of rules. The names are called scientific names, not common names. Common names are “dog” or or “cat.” Scientists use the Latin based scientific naming system: Binomial Nomenclature Meet: Canis familiarus or as you know him, dog… Source: http://www.biology4kids.com The naming system uses categories which become more specific… Taxonomic categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came Over For Green Soup Most general Most Specific Here is an example of the scientific naming system… Taxonomic categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Please, just call me Bubba! King Philip Came Over For Green Soup Most general Most Specific History of the Kingdom Classification System Linnaeus 1735[1] Haeckel 1866 Chatton 1925[26][27] Copeland 1938[28][29] Whittaker 1969[7] Finally,… (or is it?) 2 kingdoms 3 kingdoms 2 empires 4 kingdoms 5 kingdoms 6 kingdoms Eubacteria and Prokaryota (no nucleus) (not treated) Monera Monera Archeobacteria Protista (single-cell) Protoctista Protista Protozoa (Chromista) Eukaryota (nucleus) Vegetabilia Animalia Plantae Animalia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology) Plantae Animalia Plantae Plantae Fungi Fungi Animalia Animalia The Six Kindgoms General Classification of Animals *Most of the time we can classify animals in this way. (There are exceptions.) * * * * * Keep in Mind Living things are constantly being studied, and sometimes we must change the grouping system Let’s try classifying http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/classifyinglife.html Exit Ticket Who is known as the father of classification? What do we call the two word naming system that is used by all scientists? What is the scientific name for humans? Name the six kingdoms.
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