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Question
AQA Level 1/2 Certificate
June 2013
Biology
1
2
8401/1
3
4
5
Paper 1
Tuesday 14 May 2013
Mark
6
9.00 am to 10.30 am
7
For this paper you must have:
 a ruler.
You may use a calculator.
8
9
Time allowed
 1 hour 30 minutes
10
Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
 Answer all questions.
 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
TOTAL
Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The maximum mark for this paper is 90.
 You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in
your answers.
 Question 9(b) should be answered in continuous prose.
In this question you will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
 In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a)
The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell.
A ..................................................
B ..................................................
C ..................................................
1 (a) (i)
On the diagram use words from the box to label structures A, B and C.
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cytoplasm
plasmid
(3 marks)
1 (a) (ii) Give one difference between the structure of the bacterial cell and an animal cell.
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(1 mark)
1 (a) (iii) Name one structure that is found in a plant cell but is not found in a bacterial or an
animal cell.
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(1 mark)
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1 (b)
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Cells can be specialised for a particular job.
The diagram shows the structure of a human sperm cell.
Mitochondria
Long tail
Describe how the long tail and the mitochondria help the sperm to do its job.
Long tail .............................................................................................................................
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Mitochondria ......................................................................................................................
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(4 marks)
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2 (a)
Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.
carbon dioxide + water
2 (b)
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energy
glucose
+ ................................................
(1 mark)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
light.
2 (b) (i)
The energy needed for photosynthesis comes from
osmosis.
respiration.
(1 mark)
chloride.
2 (b) (ii) Energy is absorbed by a green pigment called
chloroplast.
chlorophyll.
(1 mark)
decrease.
2 (b) (iii) If the temperature is decreased the rate of photosynthesis will
increase.
stay the same.
(1 mark)
2 (c)
Give three ways in which plants use the glucose made in photosynthesis.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
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2 .........................................................................................................................................
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3 .........................................................................................................................................
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(3 marks)
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3
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Scientists investigated a food chain in a wheat field immediately after the wheat had
been harvested.
Red kites are birds of prey.
3 (a)
The food chain for the wheat field is:
Field mice
Wheat grains
Red kites
What is the source of energy for the food chain?
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
3 (b)
The table shows the data the scientists collected.
Organism
Estimated number
in the field
Fallen wheat grains
40 000
Red kites
2
Field mice
3 (b) (i)
Biomass of one
organism in kg
200
Total biomass for
field in kg
0.0006
24.0
1.0
..........
0.04
..........
Complete the table by calculating the total biomass of red kites and of field mice.
Write your answers in the table.
(2 marks)
3 (b) (ii) Use data from your completed table to draw a pyramid of biomass for the food chain
shown in the table.
You should label each layer of your pyramid.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2
4
6
Total biomass for field in kg
8
10
12
14
16
18
(3 marks)
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3 (c)
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The total biomass of the red kites is less than the total biomass of the field mice.
Give two reasons why.
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(2 marks)
3 (d)
The scientists could not find the exact number of organisms in the wheat field.
Suggest two reasons why.
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(2 marks)
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4
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The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.
A
B
C
4 (a)
D
Name the parts of the digestive system labelled A, B, C and D.
A
................................................................................
B
................................................................................
C
................................................................................
D
................................................................................
(4 marks)
4 (b)
A student has eaten a steak for dinner. The steak contains protein and fat.
4 (b) (i)
Describe how the protein is digested.
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(3 marks)
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4 (b) (ii) Explain two ways in which bile helps the body to digest fat.
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(4 marks)
4 (c)
A group of students investigated the action of salivary amylase.
The students:

collected a sample of salivary amylase

put a different pH solution and 5 cm3 of a food substance in each of 6 test tubes

added 1 cm3 of salivary amylase to each of the 6 test tubes

recorded the amylase activity after 10 minutes.
The results are shown in the table.
pH
Amylase activity in
arbitrary units
4 (c) (i)
7
6
5
4
3
2
12
10
3
0
0
0
Name the food substance that amylase breaks down. .....................................................
(1 mark)
4 (c) (ii) Suggest what happens to the breakdown of this substance when food reaches the
stomach.
Use information from the table to help you to answer this question.
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(3 marks)
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5
A man hurt his head in an accident.
Doctors found that he could not remember anything that had happened on the day of
the accident.
5 (a) (i)
Name the part of the brain concerned with memory.
................................................................................
(1 mark)
5 (a) (ii) Name one method the doctors could use to find out how much the brain was damaged.
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
5 (b)
The doctors were worried that the man might also have injured his spine.
They touched different areas of his skin with a sharp point.
They asked him to tell them each time if he could feel the sharp point.
5 (b) (i)
Explain how the information about the sharp point touching the skin reaches the man’s
brain.
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(6 marks)
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5 (b) (ii) The doctors found that the man could feel the sharp point when the point touched his
arms but not when the point touched his legs.
Suggest what this information could tell the doctors about the damage to the man’s
spinal cord. Explain your answer.
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(2 marks)
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6
The number of people in the UK with tumours is increasing.
6 (a) (i)
Describe how tumours form.
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(1 mark)
6 (a) (ii) Tumours can be malignant or benign.
What is the difference between a malignant tumour and a benign tumour?
............................................................................................................................................
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(1 mark)
6 (b)
Describe how some tumours may spread to other parts of the body.
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(1 mark)
Question 6 continues on the next page
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6 (c)
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People from Northern Europe have fair skin and many people have malignant
melanoma skin cancer.
The graph shows how the number of people in the UK with malignant melanoma
changed between 1985 and 2008.
The bars on the graph show the number of people in the UK who travelled abroad and
the number who took cheap holidays in the sun in 1985 and 2005.
18
16
14
Number of 12
people with
malignant 10
melanoma
in the UK 8
per 100 000
people
6
100
80
Trips
abroad
60
by UK
citizens
40 in millions
per year
20
4
2
0
1985
1990
1995
Years
2000
2005 2008
0
Key
Mean for all areas
Mean for people from rich areas
Mean for people from poor areas
(14)
Total number of trips abroad
Number of cheap holidays in
the sun
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6 (c) (i)
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Describe the trends in the number of people with malignant melanoma skin cancer
between 1985 and 2008.
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(3 marks)
6 (c) (ii) Use the data about the number of trips abroad to suggest an explanation for the trends
you have described in part (c)(i).
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(2 marks)
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7
Microorganisms can decay potatoes.
7 (a)
Microorganisms obtain carbohydrates from the potato to use inside their cells.
Describe how.
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(2 marks)
7 (b)
A group of students investigated decay in potatoes.
The students made the hypothesis:
‘The higher the temperature the faster the potato will decay.’
The students:

cut five 50 g cubes of potato and put each one in a Petri dish

kept each dish at a different temperature for 14 weeks

measured the mass of each potato cube every week and recorded the mass.
The results are shown in the graph.
50
40
10 °C
30
20 °C
Mass
in grams
20
50 °C
30 °C
10
40 °C
0
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0
2
4
6
8
Time in weeks
10
12
14
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7 (b) (i)
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The potato cubes decreased in mass over the 14 weeks.
Explain why.
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(3 marks)
7 (b) (ii) Do the students’ results support their hypothesis?
Explain your answer.
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(2 marks)
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8
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Eye colour is controlled by genes.
The dominant allele of the gene (B) produces brown eyes. The recessive allele (b)
produces blue eyes.
A homozygous blue-eyed woman married a homozygous brown-eyed man.
All of their three children had brown eyes.
8 (a) (i)
Complete the genetic diagram.
Woman
Man
b
............................
B
............................
............................
................
............................
............................
(2 marks)
8 (a) (ii) Give the reason why all of the children had brown eyes.
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(1 mark)
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8 (b)
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The couple’s brown-eyed son and his brown-eyed partner had five children. Two of the
children had blue eyes and three of the children had brown eyes.
Use a genetic diagram to show how two of their children came to have blue eyes.
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(3 marks)
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9
Human activities affect the environment.
9 (a)
Deforestation results in an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
Give two reasons why.
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(2 marks)
9 (b)
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
A dairy farmer washes out his cow shed each day. The waste water contains urine and
faeces. The waste water overflows into a stream by mistake.
The waste water will have an effect on the plants and invertebrates living in the stream.
Explain why.
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(6 marks)
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10
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Infections by antibiotic resistant bacteria cause many deaths.
The bar chart below shows information about the number of deaths per year in England
from Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and from Clostridium difficile
(C.difficile) over 4 years.
10 000
Key
MRSA
C. difficile
8000
Number 6000
of deaths
per year in
England 4000
2000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
10 (a) (i)
Describe the trend for deaths caused by C.difficile.
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(2 marks)
10 (a) (ii) Suggest a reason for the trend you have described in part (a)(i).
Explain your answer.
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(2 marks)
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10 (a) (iii) Calculate the percentage change in deaths caused by MRSA from 2009 to 2010.
............................................................................................................................................
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Percentage change in deaths caused by MRSA = ........................................................ %
(2 marks)
10 (a) (iv) Numbers have not yet been published for 2011.
When the numbers are published, scientists do not expect to see such a large
percentage change from 2010 to 2011 as the one you have calculated for 2009 to
2010.
Suggest one reason why.
............................................................................................................................................
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(1 mark)
10 (b)
Before 2007 there was a rapid increase in the number of deaths caused by MRSA.
Describe how the overuse of the antibiotic methicillin led to this increase.
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(3 marks)
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END OF QUESTIONS
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