Tree Masterplan - The Rocks and Circular Quay
November
2010
Th i s Tree M aster p lan was p rep ared for t he Syd ney H a r b o u r Fo re s h o re Au t h o r i t y by t h e fo l l ow i n g
co n su l ta nt team :
Ph i l l i ps M ar ler - Land sc ap e Arc hitec t s and Head Con s u l t a nt
Colleen M or r is - Her itage Consultant
To ny Lydon - Direc tor TLC Tree S olut ions P t y Ltd, Co n s u l t i n g Ar b o r i s t
Judy Fakes - Projec t M entor, Ar bor ist and Educator
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Ba ck ground
The Tree M aster plan is the third in a suite of three docum e nt s t h at w i l l a s s i s t t h e f u t u re p l a n n i n g a n d m a n a g e m e nt o f
trees i n Th e R oc ks and Circ ular Q uay p rec inc t s.
The first document. Tree Polic y 2010, was designed to gu i d e t h e f u t u re m a n a g e m e nt o f t re e a s s e t s a c ro s s a l l
management precinc ts. This strategy had var ious objec t i ve s i n c l u d i n g e n s u r i n g t h e l o n g te r m s u s t a i n a b i l i t y o f t re e
planting and asset management, improving communit y awa re n e s s o f t h e va l u e o f t re e s i n u r b a n s e t t i n g s, m a n a gi n g
sa fet y a n d en couraging p reser vat ion. G enerally t he p olic y o ffe r s g u i da n ce to t h e co mp e t i n g c h a l l e n g e s o f t re e s s e e n a s
bo th a n a sset and a liab ilit y.
The second document is the Tree Asset R egister a compre h e n s i ve a u d i t o f t h e s t at u s a n d co n d i t i o n o f t h e a p p rox i m ate l y
900 trees within the R ocks and Circular Q uay. This operate s a s a s p e c i a l i ze d d at a b a s e to b e a cce s s e d by a s s e t m a n a g e r s
and hor ticultural staff.
Th e Tree M a ster p lan is t he t hird in t his ser ies and set s a vi s i o n fo r s p e c i e s s e l e c t i o n fo r t h e va r i e t y o f s p a ce s t h at ma ke
u p th e streets, laneways, cour t yard s and p ar ks of The R oc ks a n d Ci rc u l a r Q u ay. Th e b a s i s o f t h e Tre e M a s te r p l a n i s t h e
framewor k of analytical cr iter ia for assessing tree per for m a n ce a s we l l a s e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e p r i n c i p l e s fo r t h e l o c at i o n
a n d va r i et y o f t ree sp ec ies.
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
E xe cutive Su m m a r y
The Tree M aster plan is a visionar y tool which sets out in a n o n - t i m e s p e c i f i c e nv i ro n m e nt, a n i d e a l i s e d v i s i o n fo r t re e s
in the R ocks and Circular Q uay.
The R ocks is an eclec tic ur ban environment with a comp l ex n e t wo r k o f s p a ce s s t re e t s a n d p a r k s w h i c h s e e m to c a l l fo r
speci f i c a pproac hes and d efy c ategor isat ion. The R oc ks H e r i t a g e M a n a g e me nt Pl a n c a p t u re s t h e u n i q u e va l u e s o f Th e
R o cks a n d i ts end ur ing fasc inat ion as a p lace of inter p re t at i o n , de s c r i b e d a s fo l l ows :-
‘Few areas in Australia are so r ich in pointers to the natu re a n d i m p a c t o f Eu ro p e a n s e t t l e m e nt, f ro m t h e s m a l l te r ra ce s
and merchants houses of the 1840s and 1850s to blocks a n d o f f i ce s o f t h e 1 9 9 0 s. I n Th e R o c k s, s u cce s s i ve l aye r s o f
ur ban development confront Sydney ’s past - the life of co nv i c t h o u s e h o l d s, p u b l i c a n s’ ex p a n s i o n p l a n s, t h e h a b i t s o f
sa i l o rs a n d w har f lab ourer s, t he c hanging alignm ent of t h e wate r fro nt - c a n s t i l l b e re a d fro m a rc h a e o l o gi c a l a dvi ce,
wr itten and oral testimony and the ver y fabr ic and settin g o f m a ny o f t h e b u i l d i n g s’ (G o d d e n M a c k ay Lo g a n 2 0 0 2 Vo l 1 ,
p.2)
The Plan has been prepared against a backdrop of her ita g e g u i d e l i n e s i n c l u d i n g t h e B u r ra C h a r te r 1 9 9 9 a n d o t h e r
specific tree management guidelines including the Aust ra l i a n U r b a n Tre e C h a r te r 2 0 0 8 w h i c h s p e c i f i c a l l y s e t s o u t
pr i n ci pl es fo r ur b an t ree management reflec t ing Bur ra Ch a r te r va l u e s.
The Plan is not to be inter preted as an ‘ac tion plan’ to re m ove t re e s p ro a c t i ve l y b u t i s a v i s i o n o f h ow t re e s, w h e n
they reach their senescence, can be replaced in new locat i o n s to a c h i e ve t h e a i m o f re - ex p o s i n g h e r i t a g e f a b r i c
while maintaining a net or increased canopy cover for th e p re c i n c t. S p e c i e s c h o i ce s a re m a d e w i t h i n a n e nv i ro n m e nt
of competing her itage, hor ticultural, environmental and u r b a n d e s i gn va l u e s b e i n g t h e m o s t d o m i n a nt. Th e u r b a n
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
environment has been influenced by st yles and fashions a n d t h i s Pl a n s e e k s to h a r m o n i s e a m u l t i t u d e o f h i s to r i c a l
deci si o n s by the selec t ive ad d it ion, rep lacement and redi s t r i b u t i o n o f t re e s.
Th e ba si s fo r tree selec t ion is und er p inned by an analys i s o f exi s t i n g t re e s n o t o n l y i n te r ms o f t h e i r a p p e a ra n ce a n d
condition, but also in ter ms of how they affec t the visua l u r b a n e nv i ro n m e nt. Cr i te r i a i n c l u d e s h e r i t a g e co n s i d e rat i o n s,
impac ts on archaeology, ur ban design pr inciples includi n g a e s t h e t i c s a n d a m e n i t y, t h e p o te nt i a l fo r t re e s to b e co m e
landmar ks or placemakers and the relationship bet ween t re e s a n d s i gn i f i c a nt v i e ws a n d v i s t a s. E nv i ro n m e nt a l c r i te r i a
include microclimate, modified soils, the impac t of pest s a n d d i s e a s e, h o r t i c u l t u re a n d f a c i l i t i e s m a n a g e m e nt. Th e
qualit y and per for mance of par ticular trees, species ove r- u s e, c u l l i n g s e l f s ow n t re e s a n d t h e i m p o r t a n ce o f q u a l i t y t re e
stock are additional considerations.
An analysis of histor ic tree planting and st yles shows that i n t h e e a r l y d ays o f Th e R o c k s, t re e p l a nt i n g a n d g a rd e n s
were limited to the r idge areas and other spaces were la rg e l y t re e l e s s. Th i s i n k e e p i n g w i t h t h e 1 9 t h ce nt u r y i n d u s t r i a l
charac ter. I n the ear ly 20th centur y, the trees most comm o n l y u s e d we re M o re to n B ay a n d Po r t J a c k s o n Fi g s a s we l l a s
Lo mba rdy po plar, and a var iet y of gard en p lant s. G enera l l y, t h e p re W W1 1 p e r i o d i s c h a ra c te r i s e d by p re do mi n a nt l y
built for m with few trees.
The post-war per iod saw the gentr ification of the R ocks a n d a n i n c re a s e i n t h e u s e o f a va r i e t y o f p a l m s i n c l u d i n g
Washingtonias, Canar y Island date palms and a var iet y o f g a rd e n p l a nt s. Tre e p l a nt i n g ex p a n d e d f ro m t h e 1 9 6 0 s’ w i t h
a ci v i c bea u ti f ic at ion regim e t hat is st ill evid ent tod ay. E xa mp l e s i n c l u de t h e Pe p p e rco r n Tre e s i n Fi r s t Fl e e t Pa r k ,
bicentennial plantings such as the Jacaranda trees in bo t h E a s t a n d We s t Ci rc u l a r Q u ays a n d t h e ex te n s i ve p l a nt i n g o f
Hack ber r y (Celtis australis) in key streets such as G eorge a n d H i c k s o n R o a d.
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
This Tree M aster plan sets out four key design pr inciples to g u i d e t h e s e l e c t i o n o f t re e s p e c i e s.
The first pr inc iple is balancing tree selec tion and placem e nt w i t h t h e b u i l t h e r i t a g e. Tre e p l a nt i n g n e e d s to wo r k
w i th th e h er i tage signific ance of b uild ings and p laces. Th e R o c ks h a s a s i gn i fi c a nt n u mb e r o f h e r i t a g e b u i l di n g s
demonstrating a r ich past use and a spec trum of archite c t u ra l s t y l e s a s we l l a s a s e r i e s o f u r b a n s p a ce s o f s c a l e a n d
fo r m th at stro ngly d efine t he c harac ter and q ualit y of t h e p re c i n c t.
The Bur ra Char ter and the M odel Her itage Provisions for Lo c a l E nv i ro n m e nt a l Pl a n s ( N S W H e r i t a g e O f f i ce 2 0 0 0 ) s t ate
that trees should not have an impac t on the setting of a h e r i t a g e i te m , i n te r m s o f s i gn i f i c a nt v i e ws to t h at i te m o r f ro m
oversh a dow i n g. The key ac t ions will b e to p osit ion, fram e a n d re ve a l t h e fa c a de s o f b u i l di n g s, i te ms a n d p l a ce s l i s te d
on the NSW State Her itage R egister. Tree planting will be m i n i m i s e d i n a re a s o f h i g h h e r i t a g e va l u e. Vi e ws a n d v i s t a s
will need to be maintained to all the key har bour icons o f B r i d g e, O p e ra H o u s e, Ci t y a n d H a r b o u r.
The second pr inciple is to re -think the avenue. I n the po s t-wa r b e a u t i f i c at i o n o f Th e R o c k s, t h e re h a s b e e n a gra d u a l
increase in tree planting, par ticular ly for mal avenue tre e p l a nt i n g i n H a r r i n g to n a n d G l o u ce s te r St re e t s. Ste p s co u l d b e
ta ken over ti me to red ist r ib ute t rees to less sensit ive locat i o n s s o l e gi b i l i t y o f h e r i t a g e b u i l di n g s a n d p u b l i c s p a ce s c a n
be dominant, whilst maintaining a net overall number o f t re e s t h ro u g h t h e p re c i n c t. Th e re s h o u l d b e a n i nt ro d u c t i o n o f
speci men tree s to highlight p ar t ic ular p laces and vist as. Al s o t h e re s h o u l d b e i nte r p l a nt i n g w i t h n e w t re e s to p ro mo te
su sta i n a bi l i t y.
The third pr inciple is the enhancement of the aesthetics a n d a m e n i t y o f t h e p l a ce fo r p u b l i c e n j oy m e nt. Tre e s c a n h e l p
improve the amenit y and aesthetics of an environment. Th e v i s i b i l i t y o f t h e h i g h l y s e n s i t i ve fo re s h o re s p a ce s i n Th e
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
R ocks are punc tuated by trees contr ibuting to the overa l l ex p e r i e n ce o f v i e w i n g Syd n e y H a r b o u r f ro m va r i o u s va nt a g e
points. Evergreen and deciduous trees help enhance sea s o n a l c h a n g e, a n d d e n s e c a n o p i e s s e r ve a s w i n d b re a k s. Tre e s
can also be landmar k plantings and assist in the defining o f v i e w co r r i d o r s, a n d p rov i d e l e gi b i l i t y a n d s p at i a l d e f i n i t i o n
to ur ban spaces. Examples include the Ficus var.hillii pla nt i n g s i n D awe s Po i nt Pa r k o r t h e Ph o e n i x p a l m s i n H i c k s o n
R oad R eser ve.
The four th pr inciple is to improve the life per for mance o f t re e p l a nt i n g s. I n o rd e r, fo r t re e s to b e s u s t a i n a b l e i n t h e
u r ba n l a n dscap e, t he sp ec ies must b e c arefully selec ted to t h r i ve u n de r t h e p re va i l i n g s i te co n di t i o n s. S e l e c t i o n mu s t
be appropr iate to topography, soil and microclimatic con d i t i o n s. Tre e s e l e c t i o n n e e d s to t a k e i nto a cco u nt s p e c i e s
diversit y to minimise impac t from monocultures, r isk of n u i s a n ce s u c h a s f r u i t a n d b ra n c h d ro p a n d d e t r i m e nt a l i m p a c t
o n th e env i ro nm ent suc h as weed infest at ion. B est p rac t i ce t re e p l a nt i n g re q u i re s co n s i de rat i o n o f gro u n d co n di t i o n s.
H i gh l evel ma intenance is also im p or t ant for im p roving t re e p e r fo r ma n ce.
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Ai m:
To create a v i sion for t he long ter m management and ren e wa l o f t re e a s s e t s
a cro ss Th e R o cks and Circ ular Q uay p rec inc t.
Obj ec ti ves:
D el i ver a pl a n t hat will • Co mpl ement her it age values
• E mbel l i sh p ub lic am enit y and aest het ic s
• D el i ver environment al im p rovem ent s
• Gu i de best p rac t ice hor t ic ult ure management
Tre e M a ster pl a n Aim s a n d Obj ec tives
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Appro a ch
• D escr i be the c r iter ia t hat will infor m t he selec t ion, p l a ce me nt a n d
successful establishment of trees with clear recogniti o n o f t h e
su ccesses and failures of ex ist ing t rees
• D efine design pr inciples with objec tives and ac tions to d e l i ve r a
desi red o u tcom e
• S pati a l l y a p p ly and d em onst rate t he p r inc ip les on a s u b - p re c i n c t
ba sed a pproac h
H i l l s We e p i n g Fi g i n D awe s Po i nt
R e s e r ve s h ow i n g t h e e f fe c t s o f
wind and salt
We s t s i d e o f G l o uce s te r St re e t n o t p l a nte d w i t h any
t re e s, h i g h l i g ht i n g h e r i t a g e f a c a d e s. Pl a nt i n g o f
B r us h B ox to s o f te n m o d e r n b ui l d i n g i nte r ve nt i o n.
Tre e M as ter pl a n Appro a c h
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Tree Pla nt in g St y les
Pr ior to European settlement the sandstone r idge that b e c a m e
k nown as The R ocks was probably home to trees of Black b u t t, R e d
B l o o dwo o d, Syd ney Pep p er mint, Smoot h-Bar ked Ap p le o r An g o p h o ra
costata, and the occasional local conifer, the Por t Jackso n Pi n e. Po r t
Jackson figs probably grew near the shoreline.
Syd n e y Cove, 1 7 9 3
S h ow i n g n at ura l ve g e t at i o n i n ra p i d d e c l i n e f ro m
clearing
Vi e w o f D awe s Po int
C . Pi c k e r i n g, 1 8 7 2
1800-1901
From 1788 the forest around Sydney Cove was cleared. Is o l ate d
remnant or regrowth eucalypts still appeared in ear ly vi e ws o f Th e
R o cks. As l a rge r houses were const r uc ted, gard ens were de ve l o p e d
around them. The most prominent of these was the gard e n s e t t i n g
for Cumber land House (then called Cumber land Place) o n t h e
r idgeline. As the 19th centur y progressed landmar k plant i n g s o f
N o r fo l k I sl a n d p ines feat ured in isolated loc at ions. Vege t at i o n wa s
concentrated along the r idgeline and around the residen ce at t a c h e d
D awe s Po i nt, 1 8 8 4
S h ow i n g l a rg e t re e s a ro un d t h e B at te r y a n d
O f f i ce r s q ua r te r b ut l i t t l e o t h e r ve g e t at i o n
Cum b e r l a n d Pl a ce, 1 901
S h ow i n g t y p i c a l u r b an harshness
o f l a n e s a n d p l a ce s
to the batter y near the end of Dawes Point. The trees we re m o s t l y
M o reto n B ay or Por t Jac kson figs, whic h were ad mired fo r t h e i r da r k
glossy foliage and umbrageous for ms. O ther trees includ e Lo m b a rd y
poplar, peach which was plentiful throughout ear ly Sydn e y g a rd e n s,
ba n a n a , l o qu at, Afr ic an olive and, in t he late 19t h cent ur y, Ke nt i a
palms.
O ver a l l, Th e R oc ks was c harac ter ised by b uilt for m wit h fe w t re e s.
Cum b e r l a n d St re e t l o o k i n g s o ut h , c.1 9 0 1
S h ow i n g t y p i c a l l a n d m a r k t re e s a s s o c i ate d w i t h t h e g a rd e n o f
we a l t hy l a n d ow n e r s, s i n ce d e m o l i s h e d fo r b r i d g e a p p ro a c h e s
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
1902-1965
I n 1908 D awes Point R eser ve t r ustees were ap p ointed to ove r s e e
improvements and the flat por tion east of H ickson R oad wa s p l a nte d
w i th Ca n a r y I sland p alms. Trees wit h a sub -t rop ic al ap p e a ra n ce we re
ch o sen i n th i s p er iod. Ex am p les inc lud e G eorge St reet, w h i c h wa s
planted with Washington Palms in front of the Commissa r i at s to re s.
I n 1917 Essex Street was planted with Washingtonias. A s p e c i m e n
H i c k s o n R o a d R e s e r ve, 1 9 3 5
s h ow i n g e a r l i e r p l a nt i n g o f Ph o e n i x Pa l m s a n d f i g s, m o s t o f w h i c h re ma in tod ay
o f th e sa me palm was p lanted in t he gard en of Cad man’s Co t t a g e
dur ing this pe r iod. Following the completion of the Sydn e y H a r b o u r
Br idge, the Dawes Point R eser ve was replanted dur ing th e 1 9 3 0 s a n d
1940s. Th e n ew t rees sup p lem ented t he Canar y Island p a l ms t h at
su r v i ved th e br id ge const r uc t ion and re - enforced t heir s u b - t ro p i c a l
ch a ra c ters –S enegal d ate p alm, giant b ird of p arad ise and a n ave n u e
o f H i l l ’s f i g were c hosen. B y 1959 st reet t rees were well e s t a b l i s h e d
i n Argy l e Street. There was fur t her d isr up t ion to The R ocks w i t h
the construc ti on of the Cahill Expressway. On its comple t i o n
th e co n stru c tion of a p ar k and t he ad jacent Circ ular Q uay We s t
Co m m i s s a r i at Sto re s, 1 9 3 9
s h ow i n g Wa s h i n g to n i a p a l m s
espl a n a de co m menced in 1963.
D u r i n g th e f i rs t p ar t of t he 20t h cent ur y, The R oc ks saw ma jo r
changes with street re -alignments and the construc tion o f t h e
Sydn ey Ha r bo ur Br id ge. D esp ite b eaut ific at ion wor ks arou n d D awe s
Point R eser ve and the pr incipal streets in The R ocks, it re m a i n e d
ch a ra c ter i sed by p red om inant ly b uilt for m wit h few t ree s.
Fi r s t Fl e e t Pa r k , 9 t h Ap r i l 1 9 6 2
s h ow i n g t h e s p a re n e s s o f p l a nt i n g s,
g e n e ra l l y i n t h e R o c k s
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
1965-2008
I n 1972 a distinc tive band of peppercor n trees were pla nte d
o n the G eorge Street side of First Fleet Par k and by 1973 s t re e t
tree pl a nti n g of Plane t rees from t he 1950s in Argyle St re e t wa s
sufficiently mature for the canopies to almost meet acro s s t h e s t re e t.
R aised planter boxes made from railway sleepers were in s t a l l e d i n
Playfair Street in the 1970s. B y 1989 planting along Circu l a r Q u ay
west a n d th e foreshore p ar ks inc lud ed a large and im p re s s i ve fi g
tree, j a ca ra n das, euc alyp t s and c asuar inas. A 1990 p lant i n g p ro gra m
of cabbage palms around Circular Q uay was inspired by s i m i l a r
Arg yl e St re e t l o o k i n g towa rd s
t h e Cut, 1 9 7 3 w i t h p l a nt i n g
o f Pl at n us s p e c i e s f ro m
c.1 9 5 0 ’s.
Pl ayf a i r St re e t a f te r re s to rat i o n c 1 9 8 0s
vegetati o n th at is t hought to have grown along t he wate rco u r s e (t h e
Ta n k Strea m) that fed into Syd ney Cove.
D ur ing this per iod The R ocks remained charac ter ised by b u i l t
fo r m bu t h a d an over lay t hat was t he result of an ent hus i a s t i c
beautification program. This included the addition of stre e t f u r n i t u re
and tree plant ing of peppercor ns, eucalypts, casuar inas, j a c a ra n d a s,
hack ber r y (Celtis australis), Nor folk Island hibiscus, wate r g u m a n d
N ew Zea l a n d C hr ist m as t ree.
M e tc a l f B o n d Sto re, 1 9 7 0 w i t h p l a nt i n g Th e R o c k s Po l i ce St at i o n c 1 9 8 3
o f Ce l t i s s p e c i e s.
s h ow i n g p l a nt i n g s o f Po p u l u s species
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Pa r k s o f The R o cks
The R ocks evo lved as the place of first settlement, its fo r m a r i s i n g
f ro m th e n eed s of milit ar y sec ur it y, mar it im e commerc ial i s m, p u b l i c
a dmi n i strati o n and c heap resid ent ial op p or t unit ies. I t is a p l a ce s t ro n g l y
co n n ec ted w i t h t he st r uggles of ear ly colonialism to est a b l i s h a n d s u r vi ve
as a far flung outpost of the Br itish Empire. I n this respe c t i t s u r b a n fo r m
was based on purely func tional needs and there was littl e co n s i d e rat i o n
of public recreation or the protec tion of natural resource s. Th e R o c k s i s
a l so a physi ca lly c hallenging land sc ap e wit h steep slop e s a n d s h a l l ow
so i l s w h i ch do not lend t hemselves to p ub lic p ar ks and q u a l i t y t re e
esta bl i sh ment. However, over t im e p ub lic p ar ks have ar is e n i n a mo n g s t
the tightly connec ted hard ur ban spaces and have a mixe d p rov i d e n ce i n
respec t o f th eir or igins and t he way t hey evolved.
To day th ere a re four p ub lic p ar ks in The R oc ks:
1.
D awes Point Par k inc lud ing H ic kson R oad R eser ve
2.
Fi rst Fl eet Par k
3.
Fo u n dat ion Par k
4.
B l i gh a n d Bar ney R eser ve
6
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Th e fo l l ow i n g is a ‘p ot ted ’ histor y of eac h of t hese p ar ks.
Dawes Po int Pa r k
D awes Po i nt Par k is a remnant of an area set asid e for mi l i t a r y a c t i vi t i e s
in the ver y ear liest days of the settlement. The area was o r i gi n a l l y k n ow n
by the Abor iginal name of Tar-ra. Lieutenant Dawes of t h e Fi r s t Fl e e t,
esta bl i sh ed a n ast ronomy and p osit ioned field ar t iller y h e re i n 1 7 8 8 .
I n 1791 a “per manent ” batter y was established, and in 18 2 0 , G ove r n o r
M acquar ie commissioned Francis Greenway to design a fo r t a n d g u n
emplacements to protec t the har bour from Br itain’s ene m i e s at t h e t i m e.
I t never engaged in any ac tive ser vice. B y the tur n of the 2 0 t h ce nt u r y, i t
was of no fur ther use as a for tress and was br iefly given ove r a s t h e l i v i n g
qu a r ters o f th e command ant of t he newly for med Aust ral i a n M i l i t a r y.
D awe s Po i nt Pa r k
Ear ly 20th centur y photographic images of Dawes Point s h ow a l l t h e
n atu ra l vegetat ion c leared away and p lanted M oreton Bay fi g t re e s a s t h e
predo mi n a nt veget at ion and generally around t he sout h e r n s i de s o f t h e
fo r t. Th ese tre es p rob ab ly d ate from t he C har les M oore p e r i o d 1 8 4 8 to
1896 and planted at a similar time to the Obser vator y H i l l a n d D o m a i n f i g
pl a nti n gs. Th e milit ar y was removed from Dawes Point a f te r 1 9 0 3 w i t h t h e
pro mi se th e l and s would b e given over to p ub lic p romen a de. Pat hways
around the lower batter y were construc ted and fence su r ro u n d e d t h e
7
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
for mer militar y buildings which were used for Water Poli ce o f f i ce s a n d
a trades school. D ur ing this time a set of stairs was cons t r u c te d l e a d i n g
to H i ckso n R o ad (c 1912-3) whic h st ill sur vives, and a M ore to n Bay fi g
planted near by which also sur vives. The construc tion of t h e Syd n e y
Har bour Br idge in the 1920’s facilitated the removal of t h e fo r m e r m i l i t a r y
bu i l di n g a n d t he removal of most p lant ings. The for mal c re at i o n o f
D awes Po i nt a s a p ub lic p ar k followed t wo year s af ter t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e
br idge, in 1934.
B ra df i el d h a s lit t le to say in resp ec t of his land sc ap e res to rat i o n fo l l ow i n g
br idge wor ks, other then to allude to ‘I talianate’ st yle of fo r m a l g a rd e n
a s bei n g a pprop r iate. There is no evid ence of any concer te d e ffo r t i n
co n stru c ti n g gard ens at t he t im e, ot her t hen c lum p s of Bi rd o f Pa ra di s e,
Strel i tz i a sp and Date Palm, Phoenix reclinata on either s i d e s o f t h e m a i n
pylon; these species being popular public plantings dur i n g t h e 1 9 2 0 s
per iod. The main H ills Weeping fig avenue dates from th e 1 9 3 5 w h i l e t h e
Nor folk Island H ibiscus along Lower For t Street probably d ate f ro m t h e
D awe s Po i nt Pa r k
1970s.
H ickson R oad R eser ve is an integral par t of Dawes Point Pa r k s e p a rate d
from the main par t of the par k by the construc tion of H i c k s o n R o a d
i n 1911- 12. The Par k ap p ear s to have b een essent ially gra s s w i t h t re e
8
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
and palm plantings. The Date palms, Phoenix canar iensi s a n d c l u m p s
of Bird of Paradise appear in photographs from around 1 9 1 0 to 1 9 2 0
which suggest an involvement of Joseph M aiden, Direc to r o f t h e B o t a n i c
G a rden s at th e t im e and a great ex p onent of p alm p lant i n g a ro u n d
Sydney, par tic ular ly this species. I t is likely there were a l s o f i g t re e s
a s pa r t o f th e p lant ing whic h ap p ear as d om inant p lant i n g s i n a e r i a l
ph o to gra ph s from 1951 b ut were gone by t he 1980s whe n t h e a djo i n i n g
Pa r k H yatt Ho tel was const r uc ted. Two of t he or iginal Date p a l ms
were lost from bird attack and replaced in 2006 and ano t h e r p a l m wa s
rel o cated f ro m t he cent re of t he p ar k to t he p er im eter co l o n n a de to ma ke
way fo r expa n ded event ac t ivit ies at t hat t im e.
A large H ills Weeping fig, probably dating from 1930/19 5 0 p l a nt i n g s wa s
a l so l o st f ro m d isease in 2006 and rep laced wit h a Por t Ja c ks o n fi g.
Fir st Fl eet Pa r k
This par k , or iginally designed in 1938, arose from the de m o l i t i o n o f
the Commissar iat Stores and the construc tion of the M ar i t i m e S e r v i ce
Fi r s t Fl e e t Pa r k Pe p p e rco r n t re e s a n d G e o rg e
St re e t i n t h e m i d 1 9 8 0 s.
bu i l di n g ( n ow MC A) whic h was not comp leted unt il 1953 . Th e 1 9 3 8 - 5 3
construc tion eliminated the for mer Q ueen’s Whar f/ Bar to n St re e t a s we l l
a s th e bu i l di n gs d irec t ly to t he sout h and allowed for a co n s o l i date d
pi ece o f o pen sp ace to b e c reated muc h as seen tod ay. Th e re we re mo re
9
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
reconfigurations in 1990-91 when Circular Q uay West (ex te n s i o n o f Pi t t
Street) was pa r tially removed, which allowed the par k to ex p a n d fo r wa rd
and connec t direc tly with Circular Q uay as a pedestr ian p ro m e n a d e ; t h e
G eo rge Street ed ge was red efined and new inter nal p at hways c re ate d.
Aer ial photographs from the 1960s show ver y little tree e s t a b l i s h m e nt,
so me ra n do m p lant ings b ut lit t le d ist inguishab le c anopy e vo l vi n g. Th e
Pepper tree, appear along G eorge Street in the late 1960 s a n d by 1 9 7 8 a re
well established but still appear to be generally alone as p a r k l a n d c a n o py.
Th e 1990 over lay mad e signific ant c hanges to t he p lant i n g c h a ra c te r
with the introduc tion of many palms and trees. Palms we re i nt ro d u ce d
a s featu re cl u mp s and t rees were int rod uced to t r y and s o f te n t h e vi s u a l
impac t of the Cahill Expressway and possibly the southe r n s i d e o f t h e M C A
w h i ch i s n ow dom inated by large Hac k b er r y.
Fi r s t Fl e e t Pa r k - 1 9 8 0 s
The Jacaranda feature planting along the promenade date s f ro m t h i s
per iod but has failed to prosper in this environment and co nt i n u e to
appear as poo r specimens. G arden flower beds were also i nt ro d u ce d at t h i s
time. The par k has accumulated an eclec tic var iet y of pla nt s w h i c h n ow
gen era l l y bl o c k views to t he har b our from sur round ing s t re e t s.
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Fo u nd at io n Pa r k
Th i s pa r k wa s est ab lished in 1972 b ut has it s or igins as a va c a nt b l o c k o f l a n d
fo l l ow i n g bu i l d ing d em olit ions in 1932-4. Like many site s de mo l i s h e d i n
th e mi d- 20th cent ur y it remained economic ally unviab le fo r re de ve l o p me nt
u nti l a f ter th e c reat ion of t he Syd ney Cover R ed evelop m e nt s c h e me t h e l ate
1960s. Aer i a l p hotograp hs from t he 1960s and 70s show s c r u b w h i c h i s mo s t
likely to be a mix of weed and native regeneration t ypica l o f a b a n d o n e d
demo l i ti o n si tes. The Pep p er t ree, whic h tod ay d om inate s t h e ce nt re o f t h e
pa r k i s o f a si milar era to t he Pep p er t rees in Fir st Fleet Pa r k a n d p ro b a b l y
dates f ro m i ts conver sion as p ar k land in 1972. The site wa s exc avate d i n 1 9 9 4
for archaeological remains and some of the findings were i nte grate d i nto t h e
inter pretive landscape that is a feature of the par k today. Th e m o re re ce nt
pl a nti n gs o f Jac arand a and c it r us sp ec ies are from t his p e r i o d a n d a i m to
present domestic t ype plantings that would have been t y p i c a l fo r t h e t y p e o f
resi denti a l dwellings here p r ior to 1932. The p ar k is sma l l i n s c a l e, o ffe r s q u i e t
ref l ec ti ve qu a lit ies and has a st rong inter p ret ive over lay.
Fo u n d at i o n Pa r k
B l ig h a nd B a r n ey R es er ve
This par k arose from the demolition of the over head veh i c u l a r b r i d g e t h at
linked G eorge Street with the for mer souther n end of th e O ve r s e a s Pa s s e n g e r
Ter minal (OPT ) in 1986. The site had traditionally been a p l a ce o f b u i l d i n g s
including a B ond Store that dated from c.1820. The par k i s i nt r i n s i c a l l y l i n k e d
11
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
with Cadmans Cottage and provides space and setting fo r t h e co t t a g e.
The plants date from the 1980s per iod onwards includin g Po p l a r, Po p u l u s
sp. along the Argyle Street edge, palms and gum trees a l o n g t h e G e o rg e
Street edge and Sheoak , Casuar ina around the cottage i t s e l f. Th e p a r k
is home to sculptures and memor ials to both G over nor Wi l l i a m B l i g h
and engineer M ajor G eorge Bar ney, hence the par k ’s uno f f i c i a l n a m e. I t
is small in scale, passive in nature and offers some sense o f re c l u s e fo r
v i si to rs.
Bligh and Barney Reserve
E s s ex St re e t Par k
This par k was created in 1917, by the Sydney Har bour Tr u s t by b l o c k i n g
veh i cu l a r a cce ss b et ween G eorge and Har r ington, Har r in g to n a n d
Gl o u cester a n d Gloucester and Cum b er land St reet s. The p a r k fe at u re d
sa n dsto n e retaining walls, ed ging elem ent s and M exic an Fa n Pa l m, a mi d
lawns. The last sec tion was removed in 1991 and the stre e t re o p e n e d.
S o me l a n dsca pe elem ent s and a numb er of p alms were re l o c ate d to t h e
pedestr i a n pat hs on t he ed ge of t he st reet.
Essex Street Park, finally removed in 1991
12
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Tre e S el ec ti o n Cr i ter i a
13
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
H er ita g e
H isto r ic B a c kgro un d
• R ecognition that The R ocks and Circular Q uay had a
spa rsen ess of t rees unt il t he p ost W WII mod er n p er iod a n d
tree pl a nti ngs were confined to t he r id ge line
H a r r i n g to n St re e t f ro m Arg yl e St re e t, 1 9 0 0 - 0 1
S h ow i n g t yp i c a l t re e l e s s ur b a n e nvi ro n m e nt
• R eco gn i ti o n t hat t he c ur rent p ar k land s, Fir st Fleet, Bli g h &
Bar ney, and Foundation Par ks are a moder n inter vent i o n a n d
were prev i ously hard ur b anised land sc ap es
• S i gn i f i ca nt her it age fab r ic has b een p rogressively ob s c u re d
by th e en croac hm ent of t ree c anopy
Fo un d at i o n Pa r k
A co m p l ex o f t re e s fo r a m e n i t y b ut o b s c ur i n g
a h e r i t a g e a p p re c i at i o n .
B l i g h & B a r n e y R e s e r ve, Ca d ma ns Cotta g e
s h ow i n g m i xe d n at i ve Ca s ua r ina a nd
exo t i c p o p l a r s.
• The introduc tion of new architec ture and canopy has
‘gentr ified ’ the visual charac ter from its 19th centur y
i n du str i a l root s
• The need to challenge the appropr iateness of for mal
tra di ti o n a l avenue p lant ing st yle and p lant t yp es for t h e
po st-i n du st r ial land sc ap e of The R oc ks.
Tre e S el ec tio n Cr iter ia
St Pat r i c k s Pre s byte r y,
H a r r i n g to n St re e t s h ow i n g
d e n s e ave n ue o f Pl at a n us
species obscuring an
a p p re c i at i o n o f h e r i t a g e
f a c a d e s.
Ca m b r i d g e St re e t
( l a n e way ) s h ow i n g
re ce nt grove p l a nt i n g s
o f t re e s t h at s o f te n
modern building
i nte r ve nt i o n .
H a r r i n g ton Stre e t,
o p p o s i te DFS G aller ia
s h ow i n g tre e sof te ning
m o d e r n inter vention.
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Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Arc ha eo l o g y
• R ecognition that the root systems and canopy can have s i gn i f i c a nt
struc tural and maintenance implications for the cons e r vat i o n o f
h er i ta ge f a b r ic, b ot h b uild ings and p ub lic d om ain ite ms
Fo u n d at i o n Pa r k s h ow i n g n e w t re e s
p rovi d i n g s h a d e a n d a m e n i t y
Fi g Tre e o n l e d g e o f G l o u ce s te r
Wa l k s h ow i n g s e l f s ow n t re e
i m p a c t i n g a h e r i t a g e s a n d s to n e
wa l l s a n d c re at i n g f ut ure s a fe t y
l i a b i l i t y b u t a l s o d e m o n s t rate s t h e
re s i l i e n ce o f n at ura l re co l o n i s at i o n .
15
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
U r b a n D esign
• Trees make a significant contr ibution to the aesthetic s
a n d a men i t y of t he p ub lic d om ain for visitor
enjoyment - trees provide shade, filtered light, colou r
a n d fo r m to enr ic h t he p ub lic ex p er ience
• Iconic trees can make and define a special place or
a ccentu ate sp at ial q ualit y
• S ome self sown trees become landmar k plantings due
to the contex t of their sur roundings and intr iguing
Pl a n e t re e s c re at i n g
l ow l i g ht co n d i t i o n s o n
H a r r i n g to n St re e t
Pl a n e t re e i n N u r s e s
Wa l k h ave o utgrow n
t h e s c a l e o f t h e p l a ce
i n s e a rc h o f l i g ht
Fi g t re e ave n ue i n
D awe s Po i nt Pa r k
c re at i n g a ‘c at h e d ral ’
s p a ce
O ve rc rowd i n g i n
G u m n u t Co u r t ya rd
s h ow i n g a f fe c t o f t re e
s c a l e o n s m a l l p l a ce s.
Fi g t re e i n G re e nway L a n e
s h ow i n g p o t p l a nt t re e
establishing itself as a
l a n d m a r k t re e - c re at i n g
i co n i c p l a nt i n g s.
H i l l s Fi g o n H a r r i n gton
St re e t. S e l f s ow n t ree
b e co m i n g a l a n d ma r k tre e
- n at ura l re co l o n i sation
manner of their growth habit - natural forces in ac tio n
• S ca l e a n d densit y of t ree c anopy c an b e used to
accentuate an appreciation of a place, however if the
species is too large or dense, legibilit y and propor tio n
ca n be di minished and over shad owing ar ises.
• Vi ews a n d vist as c an b e p rogressively comp romised by
ca n o py
Tre e S el ec tio n Cr iter ia
16
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
E nviro nm enta l
• The impac t of wind and salt ar ising from water front c a n
severel y di s tor t t he for m and vigour of t rees unsuited to s u c h
l o cati o n s
• The impac t of micro - climate, par ticular ly overshadow i n g f ro m
Pe p p e rco r n t re e i n Fo un d at i o n
Pa r k s h ow i n g t h e i m p a c t o f
ro o t s o n s t r uc t ure s
Pl a n e t re e w i t h l e a f
d e te r i o rat i o n f ro m Syc a m o re
L a ce B ug
sur rounding buildings force an elongation of the tree fo r m i n
sea rch o f l i ght
• Th e R o cks has highly mod ified soils and d rainage p atte r n s
w h i ch i mpac t on t ree for m and p er for mance
• Trees prov i de effec t ive shad ing of hard sur fac ing
• Speci es sel e c t ion to b e more tolerant of d rought condi t i o n s
w h i ch w i l l be a fac tor in t he fut ure
• Species selec tion that focuses on trees with good stru c t u ra l
i ntegr i t y over it s life is im p or t ant for p ub lic safet y
• Stressed trees are suscep t ib le to p est s and d iseases
Hackberry on Hickson
R o a d - Tre e grow t h
a f fe c te d by a d j a ce nt
b ui l d i n g
Pave m e nt h e ave o n
Cum b e r l a n d St re e t
• Three provide a valuable means of lower ing ambient
temperature of roads and pathways contr ibuting to a co o l e r
u r ba n env i ronm ent
Tre e S el ec tio n Cr iter ia
Ja c a ra n d a i n Fi r s t Fl e e t Pa r k s h ow i n g a f fe c t s o f wate r f ro nt w i n d s
17
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Ho r tic u l tu re a n d fa c il ities m a n a gem ent
• The long ter m qualit y and per for mance of a tree is of te n d e te r m i n e d at
the time of planting, good ground preparation, for mat i ve p r u n i n g a n d
regu l a r ma intenance
• Single species overuse results in a monoculture leadi n g to r i s k s o f p e s t s
a n d bro a d s c ale failure
• The need to be more vigilant in culling self sown tree s t h at u l t i m ate l y
beco me estab lished where not d esirab le, c reat ing an u n p l a n n e d l a n ds c a p e
B r us h B ox o n G l o uce s te r St re e t
s h ow i n g g o o d fo r m at i ve p r u n i n g a n d s p a c i ng and
vi s ua l l y s o f te n i n g n e w i n f i l l
• Q u a l i t y tree stoc k at t im e of p lant ing has a signific ant ro l e i n de l i ve r i n g a
qu a l i t y estab lished t ree in t he long ter m
• The selec tion of tree species that are hardy per for me r s w i t h re co gn i s e d
l o n gev i t y are p refer red
• L a rge tree s p ec ies in confined sp aces accent uate t he p ro b l e ms o f
struc tural damage and higher maintenance of gutter i n g, d ra i n a g e s ys te m s
a n d ca u se dam p cond it ions
Fa i l e d gro un d t re at m e nt o n Arg yl e St re e t
Tre e S el ec tio n Cr iter ia
18
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
D e s ign Pr i n ci pl es
19
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Firs t Fleet Par k
Fou ndation Pa r k
Su s anna h Place
LO
W
ER
CMP
1994
CMP
1991
RT
TR IN
CMP
1994
CMP
1991
CMP
1893
FO
STREE T
CMP
1992
W I ND MILL
Aim : B a l a nc in g trees w ith h er ita ge
Arg yle Cu t
IT Y
AV EN
UE
CMP
1991
CMP
1893
K ey Obj ec ti ve:
CMP
1882
CMP
1883
CMP
1882
CMP
1990
Gro sven o r
Pl a ce
109
Th e
CMP
1898
K in
g Ge
or ge
VM
em
CMP
1992
G LO
UC
ES
TE
CMP
1991
• Th e sel ec ti on and p lacement of t rees will p r im ar ily re s p o n d to
R
W
or ia
l Pa
r
k
A LK
CMP
1986
CMP
1986
CMP
1997 CMP
1993
CMP
1983
CMP
1998
CMP
1999
CMP
1998
CMP
1991
CMP
1997
CMP
1999
CMP
1999
CMP
1993
CMP
1991
CMP
1992
CMP
1999
CMP
1989
CMP
1992
CMP
1999
CMP
1998
CMP
1990
WAL K
CMP
1990
CMP
1991
D awe s
Po i nt
Par k
CMP
1999
LAN E
CMP
1990
Cad man s
Cot t ag e
G LO UCESTER
CMP
1993
CMP
1989
MIL L
h er i ta ge si gnific ance of t he p lace, b uild ing or it s c ur t i l a g e
CMP CMP
1999 1999
SUEZ
C ANAL
CMP
1999
BAKE HOU
SE
PL
CMP
1986
CMP
1996
CMP
1992
CMP
1990
D awes
Po int Pa r k
Cu s to m s
O fficers
St airs
Ac ti o n s:
D awes
Po int
R es er ve
Ca dmans Bu s hells
Cottag e Place
• Tree plantings will be positioned to frame and reveal t h e f a c a d e s
H icks on R oa d
R es er ve
o f bu i l di n gs item s and p laces listed on t he NSW St ate H e r i t a g e
R egi ster
LEGEND
State Listed Buildings
• M aximise tree planting oppor tunities in locations wit h l ow
h er i ta ge i mp ac t
CMP
(YEAR)
Buildings with
Conservation Management Plan
Significant Places
Pl a n o f S i gn i f i c a nt B ui l d i n g s a n d p l a ce s
• M a i nta i n si gnific ant views and vist as from The R oc ks to i co n i c
i tems su ch as t he Op era House, Br id ge, Cit y and Har bo u r
• Tree locations will need to carefully consider archaeo l o gi c a l
sen si ti v i ti es, p ar t ic ular ly in resp ec t of fut ure root d ama g e
• Tree plantings may not be appropr iate in her itage pla ce s, w h i c h
have no histor y of tree planting, and would affec t an a p p re c i at i o n
o f th e pl a ce and it s c ur t ilage
• Tree a n d tre e p at ter ns t hat have a long assoc iat ion w i t h a n
h i sto r i c bu ild ing, p ar k or p lace should b e ret ained or re p l a ce d
U nw i n s Sto re s
Arc h a e o l o gi c a l l y
s e n s i t i ve s h ow i n g
n e w t re e s fo r
a m e n i t y co n f l i c t i n g
with heritage
i nte r p re t at i o n
H a r r i n g to n St re e t - a b re a k i n t re e p l a nt i ngs
i n f ro nt o f h e r i t a g e te r ra ce s a cce nt u ate s the
s i gn i f i c a n ce o f t h e b ui l d i n g s.
D e s i gn Pr inc ip l es
20
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Aim : R ethink in g th e aven ue
K ey Obj ec ti ve:
• To reduce the for malit y and densit y of avenue st yle p l a nt i n g
by i ntro du c ing sp ec ies d iver sit y, red uc ing t he numb e r o f t re e s
o bscu r i n g her it age item s and enr ic hing t he ur b an ex p e r i e n ce
Ac ti o n s:
• D esi gn th e avenue t rees so t he legib ilit y of t he b uildi n g s a n d
H a c k b e r r y o n G e o rg e St re e t b l o c k i n g
a p p re c i at i o n o f h e r i t a g e f a ç a d e
public domain can be dominant whilst maintaining a s o f te n i n g o f
moder n inter ventions
• I ntro du ce occ asional sp ec im en t rees to highlight p ar t i c u l a r
pl a ces, v i ews and vist as
• I nter plant with new species where oppor tunities ar is e to ex p a n d
speci es di ver sit y and p romote sust ainab ilit y
Hackberry on Hickson Road s c a l e a n d fo r m i n a p p ro p r i ate to t h e s e t t ing
D e s i gn Pr inc ip l es
21
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
E nha nc ing p l a ces fo r publ ic en j oy m ent
Obj ec ti ve:
• The use of trees to improve amenit y and aesthetics fo r p e d e s t r i a n
h ea l th a n d enjoyment
• To ensure a sustainable tree canopy is distr ibuted thro u g h o u t Th e
R ocks and Circular Q uay.
Queensland Kauri
Pi n e
•
No r fo l k I s l a n d Pi n e
Ac ti o n s:
Amen i t y
• U tilise both evergreen and deciduous trees to provid e s u m m e r s h a d e
a n d w i nter sun op p or t unit ies in p eop le gat her ing p lace s
• Use dense canopy species in windy people places to c re ate w i n d b re a k s
a s requ i red
• Use trees to shade large areas of pavement to reduce h e at l o a d s a n d
C h i n e s e Ta l l owo o d
Pi n k Tr um p e t Tre e
ref l ec ti v i t y.
Aesth eti cs
• Use l a n dmar k t yp e t rees to accent uate t he d efinit ion o f to p o gra p hy,
meeti n g point s and her it age fab r ic using t rees as “p la ce ma ke r s”
• Use trees to highlight iconic views and vistas includin g t h e O p e ra
Ho u se, B r i dge, Cit y and Har b our
• Use deciduous trees for seasonal change and var iet y o f co l o u r a n d
ca n o py bra nc hing
H i l l s We e p i n g Fi g
Ca p e C h e s t n u t
D e s i gn Pr inc ip l es
22
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Addressing tec h n ic a l requirem ents fo r h ea l thy t rees
Obj ec ti ves:
• To i mprove t he whole of life p er for mance of t ree p lant i n g s
Ac ti o n s:
• S elec t tree species most appropr iate to site topograp hy, s o i l a n d
mi cro cl i mate cond it ions
• Th e a ppl i cat ion of b est p rac t ice t ree p lant ing tec hno l o g y, b e i n g
G e o rg e St re e t - G ra n i te s e t t s w i t h i n f i l l o f 7 m m
c r us h e d b a s a l t w i t h te r ra b o n d e d grave l s ug g e s t s a n
a p p ro p r i ate ur b a n f i n i s h
mi n df u l o f in- ground ser vices and highly mod ified gro u n d co n di t i o n s
• To deliver high levels of maintenance dur ing the initi a l ye a r s o f
esta bl i sh me nt for b est long ter m p er for mance
H a r r i n g to n St re e t - Na r row co n c re te p i t
e d gi n g w i t h d e co gra n i te i n f i l l - s ur f a ce f i n i s h
i m p e r m e a b l e, ro o t b a l l co n s t ra i n e d by k e r b
D e s i gn Pr inc ip l es
23
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
VARIABLE
WIDTH MAY VARY
ACCORDING TO
SET-OUT
APPROX. 900mm
Flush galvanised steel right angle edge
100x100x40 bluestone setts
SECTION
Existing tree
85mm depth bluestone gravel as specified with top layer
40mm terrabond with mix ratio 1.0 kg/sqm
85mm depth bluestone gravel as specified with top layer
40mm terrabond with mix ratio 2.5-3.0 kg/sqm
Kerb
PLAN scale 1:20
VARIABLE
Existing tree
100x100x40 thick rough bluestone setts - all joints to be
max. 15mm wide filled with blue metal
85mm depth bluestone gravel as specified with top layer
40mm terrabond with mix ratio 1.0 kg/sqm
Flush galvanised right angle edge
85mm depth bluestone gravel as specified with top layer
40mm terrabond with mix ratio 2.5-3.0 kg/sqm
BITUMEN
SUB-BASE VARIES
BITUMEN
SUB-BASE VARIES
Twinwall geonet geotextile
100mm depth clean blue metal
Incorporate root cells loaded with topsoil (if possible)
Existing subgrade
PLANTING PIT
DEPTH VARIES
Existing soil
SECTION scale 1:20
Ty p i ca l E x isting Tree Pl a ntin g in As ph a l t Pav in g
24
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
WIDTH MAY VARY
ACCORDING TO
SET-OUT
APPROX. 1200mm
APPROX. 900mm
Flush galvanised steel right angle edge
100x100x40 bluestone setts
SECTION
New tree
85mm depth bluestone gravel as specified with top layer
40mm terrabond with mix ratio 2.5-3.0 kg/sqm
Kerb
PLAN scale 1:20
APPROX. 1200mm
Root director
New tree
100x100x40 thick rough bluestone setts - all joints to be
max. 15mm wide filled with blue metal
85mm depth bluestone gravel as specified with top layer
40mm terrabond with mix ratio 2.5-3.0 kg/sqm
Flush galvanised right angle edge
BITUMEN
SUB-BASE VARIES
BITUMEN
SUB-BASE VARIES
Twinwall geonet geotextile
100mm depth clean blue metal
Incorporate root cells loaded with topsoil
Existing subgrade
Agricultural line to meet existing drainage
MIN. 600mm
Topsoil
SECTION scale 1:20
Ty pic a l N ew Tree Pl a ntin g in As ph a l t Pav in g
25
Tree Masterplan for The Rocks and Circular Quay
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority