Monroe City School District
Physical Science
1st Semester Benchmark Assessment
Physical Science- 1st Semester Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. How many electrons does a carbon atom have in its outer energy level?
A. 4
C. 6
B. 2
D. 8
2. Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are ____.
A. atoms
C. electrons
B. quarks
D. isotopes
3. Which of the following combinations would increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
A. Decrease the pressure and increase the temperature.
B. Increase the pressure and increase the temperature.
C. Decrease the pressure and decrease the temperature.
D. Increase the pressure and decrease the temperature.
4.
Figure 25-1
Figure 25-1 shows ____.
A. neutralization of an acid
B. ionization of a base
C. ionization of an acid
D. neutralization of a base
5. Which statement best describes what happens to sodium and chlorine atoms when they combine to form sodium
chloride?
A. The sodium atom becomes a positive sodium ion, and the chlorine atom becomes a
negative chloride ion.
B. The sodium atom becomes a negative sodium ion, and the chlorine atom becomes a
positive chloride ion.
C. The sodium atom becomes a positive chloride ion, and the chlorine atom becomes a
negative sodium ion.
D. The sodium atom becomes a negative chloride ion, and the chlorine atom becomes a
positive sodium ion.
1
6. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ____.
A. isotopes
C. radioactive elements
B. metalloids
D. metals
7. Which of the following instruments could tell you how acidic a sample of stream water is?
A. pH meter
C. anemometer
B. voltmeter
D. oscilloscope
8. Which one of the following factors would NOT speed up a chemical reaction?
A. adding a catalyst
B. increasing the concentration of a reactant
C. raising the temperature
D. decreasing the concentration of a reactant
9. What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl?
A. sodium dichloride
C. chlorine sodiate
B. sodium chloride
D. sodium chlorate
10.
Based on the information in the graph, what is the approximate number of grams of sodium nitrate that can be
dissolved in water at at temperature of 70ºC?
A. 145 g
C. 135 g
B. 125 g
D. 140 g
2
11. The formula HCl stands for ____.
A. the hydronium ion
B. hydrochloric acid
C. sodium hydroxide
D. hydrogen peroxide
12. Which of the following is NOT a good example of a solute and solvent in solution?
A. a solution of a kilogram of water and a
C. a solution of a gram of silver and a
milligram of sugar
milligram of copper
B. a solution of a kilogram of water and a
D. a solution of a kilogram of cold water
gram of salt
and a kilogram of hot water
13. In a chemical formula, the number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by numbers called ____.
A. chemical symbols
C. oxidation numbers
B. superscripts
D. subscripts
14.
The diagram shows the oxidation numbers of certain groups in the periodic table. According to the diagram,
which group is LEAST likely to combine with other elements to form compounds?
A. Group 17
C. Group 14
B. Group 1
D. Group 18
15. Mixtures can be either heterogenous or homogenous. Which of the following is characteristic of a homogenous
mixture?
A. a mixture in which large particles are
C. a mixture in which two or more
suspended
substances are still distinguished
B. a mixture in which two or more
D. a mixture in which large particles are not
substances are evenly distributed.
suspended and eventually settle
16. In a graph showing temperature change of a material over time, temperature change is the ____.
A. variable with the largest range
C. independent variable
B. variable with the smallest range
D. dependent variable
3
17. Compounds are formed when atoms transfer or share outer electrons. Which of these pairs of atoms would
probably NOT transfer or share electrons?
A. copper (Cu) and oxygen (O)
C. sodium (Na) and fluorine (F)
B. magnesium (Mg) and chlorine (Cl)
D. helium (He) and krypton (Kr)
18. What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl?
A. double-displacement
C. single-displacement
B. decomposition
D. synthesis
19. The substance in container C below is most likely in the ____ state.
A. solid
B. plasma
C. liquid
D. gas
20. A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?
A. 0.32 mL
C. 3.2 mL
B. 32 mL
D. 320 mL
21. According to the law of conservation of mass, if two atoms of hydrogen are used as a reactant, how many atoms of
hydrogen must be part of the product?
A. 2
C. 4
B. 1
D. 0
22. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?
A. AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3
B. 2AgNO3 + 2NaCl → 3AgCl + 2NaNO3
C. AgNO3 + NaCl → 4AgCl + 2NaNO3
D. AgNO3 + 2NaCl → AgCl + 3NaNO3
23. Which of the following is the correct formula for magnesium nitrate?
A. MgNO3
C. Mg(NO3)2
B. Mg2(NO3)2
D. Mg2NO3
4
24. A measurement standard is defined as ____.
A. the exact quantity people agree to use for comparison
B. a system of prefixes
C. the interval between two events
D. the distance between two points
25.
Q
R
S
T
These pictures show the different steps in an experiment designed to separate a mixture of salt and sand. Which
of these shows the steps in order, from first to last?
A. S, Q, T, R
C. Q, S, R, T
B. T, R, S, Q
D. R, T, Q, S
26. Three examples of physical change are ____.
A. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and crumpling a piece of paper
B. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting a nail
C. sawing of wood, crushing a can, and toasting a marshmallow
D. burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding fireworks
27. Ionic compounds are usually formed by ionic bonding between metals and nonmetals. Which of the following is
not an ionic compound?
A. NaBr
C. MgCl2
B. HCl
D. KI
28. Which of the following will speed up the dissolving of a solid solute in water?
A. Stir the solution.
C. Freeze the solute.
B. Grind up the solvent.
D. Cool the solution.
29. What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2?
A. single–displacement
C. synthesis
B. decomposition
D. double–displacement
30. What is the total number of atoms in the compound Ca(ClO3)2?
A. 9
C. 2
B. 3
D. 5
5
31. Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called ____.
A. families
C. periods
B. groups
D. clusters
32. Which of the following must be chemically separated into elements?
A. ammonia
C. oil and vinegar salad dressing
B. brass
D. air
33.
Substance
Flame Color
Barium
Lithium
Potassium
Strontium
Copper
Yellow-Green
Crimson
Violet
Red
Blue-Green
According to the chart, a substance that burns with a blue-green flame probably contains ________.
A. lithium
C. barium
B. copper
D. potassium
34. Petroleum is a type of fossil fuel. According to this definition, where does petroleum come from?
A. deep ocean vents.
B. asteroids that have crashed to Earth
C. the remains of long-dead plants and animals
D. a type of moss that lives in dark caves.
35. Which represents the formula for the ionic compound that forms between Ca2+ and PO43A. Ca3PO4
C. CaPO4
B. Ca(PO4)2
D. Ca3(PO4)2
36. All chemical equations follow the law of conservation of mass. Which number should be used in place of the
question mark to balance the equation below?
A. 2
B. 1
C. 0
D. 4
6
37.
Some Common Acid-Base Indicators
Indicator
Thymol Blue
Bromphenol
blue
Bromcresol
Purple
Phenolphthalei
n
Color Change
orange
green-blue
pH range
1.2-2.8
3.1-4.7
yellow-purple
5.3-6.6
light red
8.3-9.9
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Bromcresol Purple turns yellow-purple at C. Bromphenol Blue turns green-blue at pH
pH 5.8.
4.6.
B. Thymol Blue turns orange at pH 2.
D. Phenolphthalein turns light red at pH 8.2.
38. Which of the following explains why there are so many organic compounds?
A. Carbon is a nonmetal.
B. Carbon has six electrons.
C. Carbon has six protons in its nucleus.
D. Carbon can form four covalent bonds.
39. The chemical name for water, H2O, is
A. hydrogen oxide
B. dihydrogen dioxide
C. dihydrogen oxide
D. hydrogen dioxide
40. The ____ tells you how many electrons an atom must gain, lose, or share to become stable.
A. oxidation number
C. ionic number
B. atomic number
D. atomic mass
41. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is always ____.
A. one
C. a positive number
B. a negative number
D. zero
42. A chemical reaction is in equilibrium when
A. forward and reverse reactions rates are
equal.
B. no reactants remain.
C. as much product as possible has formed.
D. forward and reverse reactions have
ceased
43. A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a ____.
A. molecule
C. negative ion
B. crystal
D. polyatomic ion
7
44. What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide?
A. Mg2O2
C. MgO2
B. Mg2O
D. MgO
45. Processes such as dissolving, melting, freezing, and evaporating can affect the appearance of a substance, but the
identity of the substance remains the same. These processes are called
A. chemical properties
C. chemical changes
B. physical changes
D. physical properties
46. To neutralize gastric juices in your stomach, antacids contain ____.
A. phenolphthalein
C. H+ ions
B. bases
D. hydronium ions
47. Jose’s science teacher told him that every part of a salt and water solution is identical. Jose wanted to collect
samples to verify this statement. Which picture shows the sample that verifies this statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8
48. What is the charge of phosphate in K3PO4?
A. 3B. 4+
C. 1+
D. 7-
Short Answer
49. Chemical reactions occur all around us. The rate at which a chemical reaction occurs depends on a number of
factors. List three factors that can affect the rate of a chemical reaction and describe the effect of each.
50. An oil tanker has hit an iceberg and is spilling all the oil it was carrying into the ocean. The oil is forming a layer
separate from the water. Why doesn’t the oil dissolve in the water? Explain the differences between polar and
nonpolar substances in your answer.
9
ID: B
Physical Science- 1st Semester Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
B
D
C
A
A
A
D
B
C
B
C
D
D
B
D
D
D
A
D
A
A
C
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
C
A
B
C
D
A
D
D
C
1
ID: B
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
D
D
D
D
B
B
B
A
NAT: PS-H-C5
SHORT ANSWER
49. ANS:
Possible factors include:
1. Concentration of reactants: In general, the lower the concentration of reactants, the slower the reaction rate.
2. Temperature: In general, the lower the temperature of the reactants, the slower the reaction rate.
3. Catalysts: A catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of a reaction without itself undergoing a permanent
chemical change.
4. Pressure: especially with gases
5. Physical state of reactants: block vs. powder forms, for example
50. ANS:
Answers will vary.
2