What is blood pressure?

!"#$%&"'()*'+,-$'-&"'$,"'./0"&"1#"2'/1'3455.'
6"22"427''+,-$'/2'3455.'8&"22%&"7'
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
9"2/:1';6"&6/"<*'
=5>8-&/2512''
)+;%<3,<+=.>%?74@%A3B%
1433C%D+//+4%*,*.38;%
-*.EB*;%3F%?433C%A3B%
6'.+';%G=+<2*4%H7,<I3,/%
6'.+'234+%*<I3,/%
•! J+K74*.+%<*=244*';%A3B%
L*=244*';%MN<E*,K+%
•! O;C'3/.*I<%P%Q/83I<%-'+/(%
R+,37/%1433C%J+/+'D+%
R+,37/%J+.7',%%
•! MS+<.%3,%GR%P%LQ%
R*'2<3/+%R+2,/%
G;/.+82<%1433C%-'+//7'+%T'*C2+,.%
!!"!#"!$%
M,C3.E+4278%
M4*/I<%I//7+%
G833.E%U7/<4+%
L3,,+<ID+%V2//7+%
WE;%*'+%<*=244*'2+/%.E+%
/8*44+/.%P%83/.%,78+'37/X%
&%Y%478+,%C2*8+.+'%
V%Y%.E2<@,+//%3F%B*44%
&'(%)*'+,%-+.+'/+,0%1234(%!!50%67.78,%9:!$%
!%
+,-$'-&"'$,"'./2?1#?6"'-#?512'5@'-&$"&/"27'
6'.+'234+/>%'+K74*.+%?433C%='+/(%P%-'+Z<*=244*';%/=E2,<.+'>%<3,.'34%<*=244*';%A3B%
R(%G;/.34+%
R+2,%<'3//ZN%
9%
What are the functions of arterioles & pre-capillary sphincters?
6'.+';%<'3//ZN%
!!"!#"!$%
!!"!#"!$%
R(%&2*/.34+%
G.'+.<E%
J+<324%
[%
\%
How do arterioles regulate blood flow locally?
+,-$'/2'$,"'15&>-4'8-A"&1'5@'#-8/44-&B'"C#,-1:"7'
5$g%3F%h4.+'+C%A72C%2/%'+*?/3'?+C(%%
L43/+C%<2'<4+/%Y%A3B/%288+C2*.+4;%*a+'%*?'7=.%<E*,K+/%2,%=+'F7/23,%='+//7'+%F'38%%
.E+%<3,.'34%4+D+4(%Q=+,%<2'<4+/%Y%/.+*C;Z/.*.+%A3B/%*.%,+B%=+'F7/23,%='+//7'+(%
L3,.'34%Y%b3'8*4%
!$g%3F%h4.+'+C%A72C%+,.+'/%4;8=E%D+//+4/(%%
O;C'3/.*I<%e1433Cf%-'+//7'+%eO-f%
Q/83I<%-'+//7'+%eQ-f%
H472C%83D+/%F'38%E2KE+'%.3%43B+'%O-(%
1433C%='+//7'+%C+<'+*/+/%B2.E%C2/.*,<+(%
W*.+'%83D+/%F'38%43B+'%.3%E2KE+'%Q-(%
1433C>%E2KE%2,%=4*/8*%='3.+2,/(%%
E]=/>""BBB(B2/<Z3,42,+(<38"4+*',"<*'++'Z<47/.+'/"E+*4.EZ/<2+,<+",7'\::\"3/83I<Z='+//7'+%%
!!"!#"!$%
E]=>""7/+'/(*.B(E7"?4=#"1^-#"OVU^"L:!5_`5:[9[:\$59`(E.8%%
$%
!!"!#"!$%
What causes fluid to enter or exit a capillary? '
E]=/>""B2@2(?23(=7'C7+(+C7"?234![!::"2,C+N(=E="9:!:cV+/.c9cd7+/I3,c99c6,/B+'%%
#%
+,-$'-&"'$,"'%1/D%"'@"-$%&"2'5@'6"/127'
H472C%U3D+8+,.%
%Y%O-%Z%Q-%
Q,+ZB*;%D*4D+/%
='+D+,.%?*<@A3B%
R+,37/%
J+/+'D+%
l,<'+*/+%R+,37/%J+.7',>%
G.*'.>%[9%i%9$%Y%j%`%88OK%
!!"!#"!$%
!(! G@+4+.*4%87/<4+%=78=%
M,C>%!_%i%9$%Y%Z#%88OK%
E]=>""?4=#(*.B(E7"1^-#"OVU^"L:!`_`5:[9[:\$59`(E.8%P%
E]=>""E2KE+'+C(8<K'*BZE244(<38"/2.+/"C4"F'++"::`9\#\#[!"9_!![#"H472C+N<E*,K+(/BF%%
`%
!!"!#"!$%
9(! J+/=2'*.3';%=78=%
[(! -+'2/.*4I<%<3,.'*<I3,/%3F%
/833.E%87/<4+%2,%D+2,%
E]=>""C'37*4?(F*<74.;(8k<(+C7"L37'/+g9:U*.+'2*4/"-E;/2343K;g9:!:!"
LE*=.+'g9:b3.+/"H*44g9:9:!!"<E*=.+'c!\g9:H*44g9:9:!!(E.8%%
5%
+,-$'-&"'&/2I'@-#$5&2'@5&'6-&/#52"'6"/127'
E5<'</44'/1#&"-2/1:'6"15%2'
&"$%&1'-0"#$'FG'H'=;7'
!!"!#"!$%
E]=>""C'37*4?(F*<74.;(8k<(+C7"L37'/+g9:U*.+'2*4/"-E;/2343K;g9:!:!"LE*=.+'
g9:b3.+/"H*44g9:9:!!"<E*=.+'c![g9:H*44g9:9:!!(E.8%%
E]=>""BBB(*7/I,D*'2<3/+D+2,(<38"*7/I,ZD+2,Z.'+*.8+,./"D*'2<3/+ZD+2,Z'+83D*4%%
_%
!!"!#"!$%
http://www.medindia.net/animation/Varicosel.swf & http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/vv/atrisk
!:%
Things to understand & review:
Explain the changes in the systemic circuit BP.
!(! WE*.%*'+%.E+%/;/.+82<%*,C%=7483,*';%<2'<72./X%&+/<'2?+%.E+%I//7+%P%C2*8+.+'%C2S+'+,<+/%
?+.B++,%*'.+'2+/0%*'.+'234+/0%<*=244*'2+/0%D+,74+/%P%D+2,/(%
1-%Y%?433C%
E;C'3/.*I<%='+/(%
9(! WE*.%*'+%.E+%8*k3'%F7,<I3,/%3F%*'.+'2+/X%%WE*.%2/%.E+%F7,<I3,%3F%*'.+'2*4%+4*/I<%'+<324X%%
O3B%C3%*'.+'234+/%P%='+Z<*=244*';%/=E2,<.+'/%<3,.'34%?433C%A3B%2,.3%<*=244*'2+/X%%O3B%C3%
*'.+'234+/%'+K74*.+%*'.+'2*4%?433C%E;C'3/.*I<%='+//7'+X%
[(! L38=*'+%E;C'3/.*I<%P%3/83I<%='+//7'+/>%BE*.%C+.+'82,+/%.E+2'%F3'<+X%%WE*.%C2'+<I3,%
C3+/%A72C%A3B%B2.E%*%E;C'3/.*I<%='+//7'+%K'*C2+,.%D/%*,%3/83I<%='+//7'+%K'*C2+,.X%%WE*.%
/347.+/%C3%bQV%h4.+'%.E'37KE%?433C%<*=244*';%B*44/%,3'8*44;X%%%
\(! L38=*'+%.E+%'+4*ID+%C2S+'+,<+/%2,%<*=244*';%3/83I<%P%E;C'3/.*I<%='+//7'+/%*.%.E+%/.*'.%P%
*.%.E+%+,C%3F%*%<*=244*';(%%O3B%C3%.E+/+%C2S+'+,<+/%='3C7<+%<*=244*';%+N<E*,K+0%2+(%
h4.'*I3,%P%'+*?/3'=I3,%3F%A72C/X%WE*.%E*==+,/%.3%.E+%A72C%.E*.%2/,m.%'+*?/3'?+C%2,.3%.E+%
<*=244*';X%%L*4<74*.+%h4.'*I3,%P%'+*?/3'=I3,%F'38%K'*=E2<*4%C*.*(%%WE;%C3+/,m.%.E2/%.;=+%3F%
+N<E*,K+%3<<7'%*<'3//%3.E+'%?433C%D+//+4/X%%
WE+'+%2/%.E+%C'3=%
2,%1-%/.++=+/.X%%
$(! O3B%<*,%D+2,/%<3,.*2,%n%#:g%3F%;37'%?433C%D3478+0%2+(%F3'8%*%'+/+'D32'X%%&+/<'2?+%[%
8+.E3C/%.E*.%83D+/%.E+%?433C%2,%.E+%D+2,/(%%WE*.%2/%.E+%F7,<I3,%3F%!ZB*;%D*4D+/%2,%D+2,/X%%
&+/<'2?+%D*'2<3/+%D+2,/(%%WE*.%*'+%.E+%'2/@%F*<.3'/%F3'%C+D+43=2,K%D*'2<3/+%D+2,/X%
#(! T'*=E%.E+%?433C%E;C'3/.*I<%='+//7'+%3,%.E+%oZ*N2/%*43,K%.E+%/+p7+,<+%3F%?433C%D+//+4/%3,%
.E+%qZ*N2/(%%WE;%C3+/%='+//7'+%A7<.7*.+%2,%*'.+'2+/X%%WE+'+%C3+/%.E+%?433C%='+//7'+%C'3=%
83/.%'*=2C4;X%%WE+'+%2/%1-%43B+/.X%%WE;%?433C%83D+%C3B,%*%='+//7'+%K'*C2+,.X%
!!"!#"!$%
E]=>""./?238+C(?43K/=3.(<38"9:!9"!9",3.+/Z2,Z<*'C23D*/<74*'ZF7,<I3,Z*,C(E.84%%
!!%
!!"!#"!$%
!9%