Perspectives of Beyond 100G
Yiran Ma
China Telecom
Outline
The driven force of
large pipe
100G
Beyond 100G
Transport SDN
Driven by IP and Broadband Traffic
Increase of IP traffic:
Global CAGR: 23%
2015: Enter ZB era (Z: 1021)
China CAGR: >35%
Increase of Users:
CT fixed BB users: reach
100M in 2013, CAGR>40%
Bandwidth per user: typically
4M, increase to 20~100M
Driven by “Broadband China”
Broadband China—National Strategy
Targeted for 2015 and 2020
End of 2015
Fixed BB
Penetration:>50%
Fixed BB bandwidth:
4Mbps in rural area; 20Mbps
in urban area; 100Mbps in
large cities
Mobile BB (3G/LTE)
Penetration: >32.5%
BB(Fixed or Mobile)
coverage: 95%
End of 2020
Fixed BB
Penetration:>70%
Fixed BB bandwidth:
12Mbps in rural area;
50Mbps in urban area;
1Gbps in large cities
Mobile BB (3G/LTE)
Penetration: >85%
BB(Fixed or Mobile)
coverage: 98%
Driven by Emerging Services
 Data Center Interconnect(DCI)
Cloud computing dramatically increases the
status of DC in the Internet infrastructure
Carrier’s DCs: Change the network topology
ISP’s DCs: Explosive traffic/bandwidth
requirements
ISPs tend to establish their own WDM
networks
 Financial and Exchange Industry
Desire for low latency transmission
Cost insensitive: time is gold
Bigger pipe means quicker transmission
and coherent promises more
Outline
The driven force of large
pipe
100G
Beyond 100G
Transport SDN
What technology for 100G—Coherent PMQPSK
Transmitter

PM ½ bit-rate

QPSK ¼ bit-rate

Reduce the performance
requirements on components and
transmission
systems technology
100G optical coherent
is a milestone in the history of optical fiber
Receivercommunications



Coherent receiver with local
Unified solution
oscillator(LD)
collects the efforts from
whole
industry, accelerate the commercialization
ADC is
a key component
Transfer the complexity to electrical
domain (DSP) : CD/PMD
compensation, time/phase recovery,
etc.
Outline
The driven force of large
pipe
100G
Beyond 100G
Transport SDN
What’s beyond 100G?
200G
Single carrier: PM-16QAM(32Gbaud), PM-QPSK(64Gbaud)
Pros: Promising lower cost vs. 2*100G
Cons: No 200G client
400G
Most likely because IEEE chooses 400GE
Single carrier is possible but performance is poor: PM16QAM(64Gbaud)
Multi carriers are recommended as a commercial solution
1T(1000G)
Definitely multi carriers, higher spectral efficiency required
Super channel : OFDM, Nyquist WDM
What technology for 100G+ ?
Inherited from 100G
Polarization multiplexing(PM)
Coherent detection
Developed based on 100G
Higher order modulation
Higher gain FEC
New Technology
Super Channel
Multi-Carriers WDM
Nyquist WDM
OFDM
Comparison of 100G+ transmission
solutions
200G
400G
1T
Modulation
Format
PM16QA
M
PMQPSK
PM16QA
M
2SC
PM16QAM
4SC
PMQPSK
10SC
PMQPSK
5SC
PM16QAM
5SC
PMQPSK
OFDM
Baud-rate
32G
64G
64G
32G
32G
32G
32G
64G
N/A
# of
carriers
1
1
2
2
4
10
5
5
N/A
Nyquist
shaping
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Distance
(km)
~500
>1000
<200
~500
>1500
>1500
~500
>1000
>1000
Maturity
***
**
**
***
****
****
***
**
*
Chip set
R
N
N
R
R
R
R
N
N
Development of fiber technology
Evolution based on SMF
Reducing loss: LL(Low Loss), and ULL(Ultra Low Loss)
Expanding core area: Introduce G.654 fiber into terrestrial
WDM systems
New fiber (FMF, MCF)
China Telecom’s trial
1T Nyquist WDM real-time system, 24 hours error free
Four type of fibers comparison: G.652 SMF/LL/ULL, G.654
2000km(20*100) with 1.7~3.0dB Q margin in different fibers
3200km(32*100) mixed G.652 ULL/LL fibers with 1.2dB Q
margin
Outline
The driven force of large
pipe
100G
Beyond 100G
Transport SDN
Considered Structure of Transport SDN
China Telecom
APP
APP
Third party
North: Open API
Controller
Central cloud
Cloud
DC
IP/DC
controller
East/West：
Cooperation
CR
RRU
CPRI
RRU
BBU
South：Control
RRU
OLT
Enterprise
ETH/
MPLS
MPLS
MPLS
OTN
OTN
OTN
λ
λ
Aggregation
Metro
Core
 Through south bound interface, optimize and control transport network from end to end
 Through east/west bound interface , cooperate with other controllers to decrease TCO
 Through north bound interface, accommodate various applications
Use Case：Increase OAM Capability
North API
T-SDN Controller
NMS
Service
网络服务
Openflow
OpenFlow
East/West
PCE+
PCEP+
GMPLS/OF
GMPLS/OF
GMPLS/OF
From manual and static configuration to real-time dynamic configuration
Global optimization of network resource to avoid conflict
Automatic OAM: fast service provision, online service analysis, resource
occupation alarm
Use Case：Multi-vendor/domain
 Enhance networking through standard open interface
Now：Hierarchical SDN controllers with multi-domain controller over
vendor controllers
Future：Standardization of network element interface. Control directly!
 Scenarios：
OTN network with multi-vendor access
Core OTN/WDM network with multi-vendor and multi-domain networking
APP
API
APP
API
User
controller
CVNI
Multi-domain controller
CVNI
EMS
CVNI
controller
controller
CDPI
CDPI
Qx
DCN
A Subnet
CVNI: Control Virtual Network Interface
CDPI: Control Data Plane Interface
EMS
Qx
DCN
B Subnet
Use Case：New Services
 3rd party applications , such as intelligent
leased line and virtual operation
User A
Controller
User B
Controller
DC
Controller
 Intelligent leased line
Adjustment of leased line bandwidth
by users: self-adjust through portals
or automatic setting
 Virtual transport services（VTS）
Controller
Virtualized transport network for
enterprise users and virtual
operators
Customized network control and
management for enterprise users
Transport Network


High Capacity Transmission is the Physical foundation
of information society!