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Ulster Journal of Archaeology, Vol 67, 2008
THE ABSOLUTE DATING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL
EXCAVATIONS IN ULSTER CARRIED OUT BY NORTHERN
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANCY LTD, 1998-2007
ROBERT M CHAPPLE
Northern Archaeological Consultancy Ltd, Farset Enterprise Park, 638 Springfield Rd, Belfast BT12 7DY
This paper presents gazetteers of radiocarbon determinations and dendrochronological dates acquired by
Northern Archaeological Consultancy Ltd in an effort to make this body of dating evidence more widely
available. The dates range from the Early Mesolithic to the post-medieval period.
discoveries, this paper is presented as an interim
statement of results.
Excluding a small number of anomalous dates, a
total of 123 dates are presented (Fig 1). These are
derived from 26 excavations, spread over 31
townlands in eight counties, and range in date from
the Early Mesolithic (Brecart, Co Antrim
(7080±100 BP)) to the 17th century AD
(Townparks, Armagh (290±40 BP)), with all periods
in between being represented. In the majority of
cases, these dates have not been previously
published. The exceptions, Enagh, Co Londonderry,
and Drumadonnell, Co Down, have been published
(McSparron 2000b, 2001b, 2003a; 2003b) but the
technical information relating to the dates was not
originally included. Similarly, the dates from the A1
It is a truth universally acknowledged that the
development boom of recent years has led to a
dramatic upsurge in the numbers of archaeological
sites being identified and excavated. It is also
widely agreed that this increase in recovered raw
data, artefacts and ecofacts has not led to a similarly
remarkable increase in the volume of final
publications. Even when final excavation reports
are completed they may languish as ‘grey literature’
for some significant period before they eventually
appear in a conventional published form, if at all.
While NAC Ltd is committed to fully publishing
the results of its excavations, it is accepted that, in
some cases, this may be some considerable time in
the future. Thus, in an effort to keep the
archaeological community informed of recent
Fig 1 Graphing of NAC Ltd radiocarbon determinations at 1σ and 2σ intercepts.
Anomalous dates have been excluded.
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Fig 2 Detail of NAC Ltd radiocarbon determinations from the Mesolithic (c 7000-4000 BC).
Unless otherwise stated, laboratory codes refer to determinations returned by Beta Analytic Inc.
dualling scheme at Loughbrickland, Co Down, have
been published, but without their technical data and
only as measured radiocarbon ages, not
conventional dates (Chapple et al 2009). Only the
dates from Ballywilliam, Co Down (Chapple
2007b), and Gransha, Co Londonderry (Chapple,
this volume), have been published in full, and are
included here for the sake of completeness. Six of
the Gransha dates were provided as part of the
Queen’s University Belfast INSTAR project
Cultivating Societies: Assessing the Evidence for
Agriculture in Neolithic Ireland, and are used here
with permission. For the sake of completeness, the
three dates regarded as anomalous are included in
the gazetteer.
The gazetteer is presented in two parts.
Gazetteer 1 includes 118 radiocarbon dates, while
Gazetteer
2
presents
a
further
five
dendrochronologically dated timbers.1
Gazetteer 1 is first organized by county and
townland, and then by laboratory identification.
Within this the following conventions are observed:
1) Townland (Site name); Grid reference
2) Broad date and Feature type (Site division)
3) Sample type (Context Nos)
4) Licence No (NAC Ltd site code)
5) Licence holder
6) Laboratory identification
7) Conventional radiocarbon date (Measured
radiocarbon age)
8) 13C/12C ratio or δ13C2
9) Analysis
10) Entity type (Material)
11) Pre-treatment
12) Calibrated date at 1σ intercepts (Calibrated
date at 2σ intercepts)
13) Published summaries/reports submitted to
EHS (NI) etc
14) Comments
154
As different laboratories give different levels of
detail with the results they supply, some fields may
not be completed. To maintain consistency between
the dates supplied by various laboratories, all dates
have been recalibrated using the Calib computer
programme (version 5.1 beta), employing the
IntCal04 calibration curve (Stuiver & Reimer 1993;
Reimer et al 2004). As the choice of computer
programme and calibration curve, either by an
individual laboratory or author, will generally result
in slight variations in the 1σ and 2σ calibrated
dates, the final published dates may differ to some
extent from those presented here. Archaeological
phases referred to are set out in the Appendix.
Gazetteers 1 and 2 are organized in the same
way for entries 1-6. Gazetteer 2 then adheres to the
following format:
7) Species
8) Number of annual growth rings
9) Sapwood present?
10) Heartwood/sapwood boundary present?
11) Centre or pith present?
12) t-value correlations
13) Dates of measured tree-ring series
14) Best estimated felling range
15) Published summaries/reports submitted to
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Fig 3 Detail of NAC Ltd radiocarbon determinations from the Neolithic (c 4000-2350/2200
BC). Unless otherwise stated, laboratory codes refer to determinations returned by Beta
Analytic Inc.
seen that the dates take in the entirety of the
archaeological periods known in Ireland, the earlier
portion of the Early Mesolithic excepted. As a
whole, the Mesolithic period is represented by 12
dates (9.76%), the majority being from the largescale excavations at Toome, Co Antrim (Fig 2).
Thirty-two dates were returned from Neolithic sites
(26.02%), with a further 58 dates coming from
Bronze Age sites or features (47.15%), though a
large portion of this is represented by dates from the
EHS (NI) etc.
16) Comments
A number of very general comments may be made
about this collection of dates. In the first instance, it
is important to realise that they derive not from a
systematically applied set of research goals, but
represent the ‘scatter gun’ result of a private
company tendering for contracts in a developmentled business environment. Nonetheless, it may be
Fig 4 Detail of NAC Ltd radiocarbon determinations from the Early and Middle Bronze Age
(c 2350/2200-1200 BC). Unless otherwise stated, laboratory codes refer to determinations
returned by Beta Analytic Inc.
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Fig 5 Detail of NAC Ltd radiocarbon determinations and dendrochronological dates from the
Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age (c 1250 BC-400 AD). Unless otherwise stated, laboratory
codes refer to determinations returned by Beta Analytic Inc.
series of excavations in the vicinity of
Loughbrickland, Co Down, carried out as part of
the dualling of the A1 (Figs 3-5). A mere three dates
(2.44%) may be attributed to the Iron Age, with a
further 11 to the Early Christian period (8.94%)
(Figs 5, 6). As features and sites of the medieval
and post-medieval periods are more frequently
dated by artefactual remains, which generally
provide more precise dating brackets, it is not
surprising that dates from these eras provide
relatively small components of the entire corpus;
with four (3.25%) and three (2.44%) dates,
respectively (Fig 6). However, advances in AMS
technology mean that, for the medieval period at
least, high-quality dates which fall on a suitable
portion of the calibration curve are capable of
providing tight dating brackets, superior to those
offered by any typological sequence of artefacts.
Obviously this distribution, weighted heavily
towards the Bronze Age, does not merely reflect
factors of archaeological survival and visibility, not
to mention ancient activities and processes, which
may or may not have left discernible traces. It may
be argued that a portion of the pattern reflects
archaeological materials that are likely to be found
in areas favoured by modern development
concerns. However, the wide variety of
development types where these excavations were
carried out, from housing estates to road schemes
and quarrying, would tend to militate against such a
conclusion. Apart from the weighting caused by
some sites that received multiple dates, the data
also reveals a geographical bias in that the majority
156
of dates were returned from sites in east Ulster, with
47 dates from Co Down (38.21%), 33 dates from
Co Antrim (26.83%) and 32 dates from Co
Londonderry (26.02%). The next largest group is
one of five dates from Co Armagh (4.07%),
followed by Co Cavan (two dates, 1.63%), Co
Tyrone (two dates, 1.63%). Co Fermanagh and Co
Donegal with one date each (0.81%) make up the
remainder.
It may also be noted that the majority of the
radiocarbon dates (106, 86.18%) were performed
on multiple entity wood charcoal samples. This
means that the sampled charcoal was dated without
reference to whether it could be proven to come
from a single organism and within a limited
temporal range. Other multiple entity dates include
three from charred grains (2.44%) and one each on
charred seeds, hazelnut shells and human bone
from a cremation burial with multiple individuals
(0.81%) (Ballintaggart, UB-7289). Eleven dates
(8.94%) were performed on single entity samples,
three of which were from human skeletal material
from single cremations (2.44%); one from an
inhumation (0.81%), three from a single fragment
of hazelnut shell (2.44%) and four from individual
charred grains (3.25%). Ashmore (1999) cogently
argues the importance of choosing and dating only
single entity samples, and while his reasoning is
impeccable, the exacting criteria are difficult to
achieve for the vast majority of excavated sites.
Even if these caveats are accounted for, a number
of trends may be noted. While the general impression
of the graph (Fig 1) is of relatively seamless
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Page 157
relatively contemporary dates, which may be taken
to show long term and widespread continuity of
activity. Only a single date, from a post-hole in the
western enclosure at Straidbilly, Co Antrim (Beta216904), spans this gap. Indeed, while included here
and accepted by the original excavator, this date
must be regarded as suspect, given that the fill from
which the date was derived produced both a sherd of
Later Neolithic grooved ware and Bronze Age Food
Vessel pottery. While it is not the purpose of this
paper to speculate on the archaeological realities, or
otherwise, of any of these apparent lacunae it is
interesting to observe that this, essentially, random
body of dating evidence has independently thrown
up two temporal discontinuities that have been points
of scholarly debate for some time. The third hiatus,
between the apparent end of the Early Neolithic and
the beginning of the Late Neolithic is of interest and
may be related to a recently recognized discontinuity
in the dating evidence between the end of the Early
Neolithic and the beginning of the Middle Neolithic
(Rowan McLaughlin, Nicki Whitehouse and Meriel
McClatchie, pers comm).
Such a body of dates illustrates the potential of
commercial archaeology to revolutionize our
understanding of the chronology of the past. If
other commercial companies were to follow this
example and provide full technical details of their
unpublished dates, along with summary context
information, an enormously valuable resource for
the archaeological community as a whole could be
created.
archaeological continuity across the millennia, closer
examination shows a number of apparent breaks or
hiatuses in the data. In the first instance there is a
well-defined gap from c 550 cal BC to c 130 cal BC,
broadly corresponding to the duration of the ‘Iron
Age lull’ (Mallory & McNeill 1991, 140-41; Raftery
2005, 135-8) (Fig 5). While this is conventionally
regarded as the result of a, potentially catastrophic,
population decline or downturn in climatic
conditions, it has also been suggested that the
character of the Iron Age was one of general mobility
which left few archaeological traces (Lynn 2003, 2023). A second apparent hiatus occurs in the wellattested transition between the Early and Late phases
of the Mesolithic where a broad-bladed flint industry
replaced the use of microliths and composite tools
(Harbison 1988, 25; O’Kelly 1989, 24; 2005, 67;
Mallory & McNeill 1991, 22; Waddell 2000, 16;
Costa et al 2005). This is conventionally thought to
have occurred around 5400 cal BC, though on the
current body of evidence it may be dated to the
period from c 5600 cal BC to c 5200 cal BC (Fig 2).
However, this inference is based only on dates from
two sites (Brecart, Co Antrim, and Gortenny, Co
Londonderry) and may be merely a result of a
scarcity of excavated sites from these periods.
Finally, although not as obvious as the foregoing,
there is not so much a gap as a discontinuous jump at
c 3400 cal BC, close to the conventional point of
transition between the Early and Middle Neolithic
periods at c 3500 cal BC (Fig 3). The ‘plateau’ effect
that the graph displays both before and after this
point is the result of a significant number of
Fig 6 Detail of NAC Ltd radiocarbon determinations and dendrochronological dates from
the Early Christian to the post-medieval periods (c 400-1800 AD). Unless otherwise stated,
laboratory codes refer to determinations returned by Beta Analytic Inc.
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GAZETTEER 1 (radiocarbon determinations)
CO ANTRIM
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-223873
7) 5300±80 BP (5300±80 BP)
8) -25.2‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 4236-4005 cal BC (4326-3973 cal BC)
13) McCooey 2006c; Chapple & McCooey 2009
14) Contained 23 sherds of Neolithic pottery
(represented 4 plain and 3 carinated bowls), flint
(including one flint knife and three flint scrapers),
18 charred grains and charred hazelnut shells
1) Ballyloran (Ballyhampton Rd, Larne); D 3817 0221
2) Late Bronze Age activity (Site 1)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 5, Fill 6)
4) AE/06/68 (BALLYH)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-223870
7) 2570±60 BP (2570±60 BP)
8) -25.2‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 808-556 cal BC (838-420 cal BC)
13) McCooey 2006c; Chapple & McCooey 2009
14) Contained flint, burnt bone and 18 charred grains.
Majority of site activity was of Neolithic date.
1) Ballyloran (Ballyhampton Rd, Larne); D 3817 0221
2) Early Neolithic layer (Site 5)
3) Layer sitting on metalled surface (Feature 1, Layer
202)
4) AE/06/68 (BALLYH)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-223874
7) 5050±70 BP (5080±70 BP)
8) -26.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3948-3784 cal BC (3976-3674 cal BC)
13) McCooey 2006c; Chapple & McCooey 2009
14) From same source as previous.
1) Ballyloran (Ballyhampton Rd, Larne); D 3817 0221
2) Late Bronze Age activity (Site 1)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 17, Fill 18)
4) AE/06/68 (BALLYH)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-223871
7) 2870±80 BP (2870±80 BP)
8) -25.3‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1190-926 cal BC (1290-842 cal BC)
13) McCooey 2006c; Chapple & McCooey 2009
14) Contained one sherd of pottery, flint, burnt bone
and 37 charred grains. Majority of site activity was
of Neolithic date.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Foundation trench of Late Mesolithic structure
(Area N, Feature 4)
3) Basal fill of foundation trench (Cut 1009, Fill 694)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-206327
7) 6110±40 BP (5910±40 BP)
8) -12.9‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 5201-4960 cal BC (5208-4941 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Ballyloran (Ballyhampton Rd, Larne); D 3817 0221
2) Late Neolithic pit group (Site 3)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 78, Fill 79)
4) AE/06/68 (BALLYH)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-223872
7) 4110±50 BP (4120±50 BP)
8) -25.8‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2857-2580 cal BC (2874-2499 cal BC)
13) McCooey 2006c; Chapple & McCooey 2009
14) Contained flint (including one indeterminate flint
core), one sherd of pottery, bone and one possible
metal droplet.
1) Ballyloran (Ballyhampton Rd, Larne); D 3817 0221
2) Early Neolithic layer (Site 5)
3) Layer sitting on metalled surface (Feature 1, Layer
202)
4) AE/06/68 (BALLYH)
158
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Foundation trench of Late Mesolithic structure
(Area N, Feature 4)
3) Fill of northern end of foundation trench (Cut 1009,
Fill 1010)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-206328
7) 3640±40 BP (3690±40 BP)
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1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Early Mesolithic natural peat layer (Area N, Feature
5)
3) Natural layer of peat (Layer 1049)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219465
7) 6900±50 BP (6930±50 BP)
8) -26.6‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 5837-5730 cal BC (5895-5674 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained flint.
8) -28.0‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charred seeds, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2117-1945 cal BC (2135-1907 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Anomalous. Same as Beta-228742. Sample may
have been contaminated.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Wall slot of Late Mesolithic structure (Area N,
Feature 2)
3) Fill of wall slot (Cut 207, Fill 949)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219462
7) 5880±40 BP (5920±40 BP)
8) -27.3‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 4791-4712 cal BC (4845-4619 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained burnt flint and debitage
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Post-hole of Late Mesolithic structure (Area N,
Feature 1a)
3) Upper fill of post-hole (Cut 664, Fill 663)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219466
7) 5770±70 BP (5790±70 BP)
8) -26.0‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 4704-4544 cal BC (4778-4462 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Late Mesolithic natural peat/diatomite layer (Area
N, Feature 5)
3) Natural layer of peat and diatomite (Layer 1048)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219463
7) 5970±40 BP (5960±40 BP)
8) -24.5‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 4907-4795 cal BC (4953-4729 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Recut of post-hole in Early Bronze Age house (Area
N, Feature 7)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 1551, Fill 1550)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219467
7) 3490±60 BP (3500±60 BP)
8) -25.9‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1890-1742 cal BC (1964-1643 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained burnt, unworked flint.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Post-hole of Late Mesolithic structure (Area N,
Feature 2)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 1056, Fill 1057)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219464
7) 5670±90 BP (5700±90 BP)
8) -26.7‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 4608-4373 cal BC (4707-4350 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained burnt flint and debitage.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Post-hole of Middle Bronze Age house (Area N,
Feature 7)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 357, Fill 356)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219468
7) 3100±40 BP (3130±40 BP)
8) -26.9‰
9) AMS
159
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5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219472
7) 3880±40 BP (3880±40 BP)
8) -25.2‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2457-2300 cal BC (2470-2209 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained a small flint axe, three flint blades, two
flint irregular cores, 20 pieces of flint debitage, two
flint flake fragments, and one small polished stone
axe.
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1426-1316 cal BC (1446-1266 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9980 9065
2) Early Bronze Age burnt mound (Area S, Feature 8)
3) Upper fill of pit (Cut 1650, Fill 88)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219469
7) 3430±50 BP (3410±50 BP)
8) -24.2‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1872-1669 cal BC (1883-1622 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9980 9065
2) Early Mesolithic cooking pit (Area S, Feature 12)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 1597, Fill 1657)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219473
7) 6920±60 BP (6920±60 BP)
8) -25.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 5873-5733 cal BC (5977-5676 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained unworked flint.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Post-hole in Early Bronze Age house (Area N,
Feature 7)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 1539, Fill 1538)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219470
7) 3540±70 BP (3550±70 BP)
8) -26.0‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1956-1767 cal BC (2116-1690 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9980 9065
2) Early Mesolithic ash pit (Area S, Feature 12)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 1664, Fill 1656)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219474
7) 6820±70 BP (6840±70 BP)
8) -26.0‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 5754-5637 cal BC (5876-5617 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9980 9065
2) Middle Bronze Age burnt mound (Area S, Feature
8)
3) Burnt mound material (Layer 1644)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219471
7) 3300±40 BP (3350±40 BP)
8) -27.8‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1620-1524 cal BC (1686-1496 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained Late Neolithic flint javelin head.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9980 9065
2) Early Mesolithic burnt mound (Area S, Feature 12)
3) Basal layer of trough (Cut 1597, Fill 1598)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-219475
7) 7080±100 BP (7110±100 BP)
8) -26.9‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 6050-5846 cal BC (6205-5736 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained flint including bladelets and debitage.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Late Neolithic - Early Bronze Age pit (Area N,
Feature 4)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 856, Fill 855)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
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9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 9266-9159 cal BC (9293-8880 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Anomalous. Contained a large amount of flint,
including two Late Mesolithic blades; see also
Beta-206328.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Late Bronze Age pit (Area N, Feature 4)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 1470, Fill 1471)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-228575
7) 2570±40 BP (2610±40 BP)
8) -27.7‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 805-597 cal BC (813-546 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained non-diagnostic flint.
1) Lisnalinchy (A8 dualling); J 3102 8707
2) Iron Age pit (Feature 7)
3) Upper fill of pit (Cut 29, Fill 30)
4) AE/03/20
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-236973
7) 1800±40 BP (1820±40 BP)
8) -26.1‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 137-253 cal AD (92-339 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2006a; in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Iron Age pit (Area N, Feature 4)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 1715, Fill 1714)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-228576
7) 1640±40 BP (1660±40 BP)
8) -26.1‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 346-529 cal AD (263-537 cal AD)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) Contained five pieces of burnt debitage and one
flake fragment, of probable Late Mesolithic date.
1) Lisnalinchy (A8 dualling); J 3102 8707
2) Late Bronze Age post-hole (Feature 2)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 37, Fill 36)
4) AE/03/20
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-236974
7) 2840±40 BP (2880±40 BP)
8) -27.2‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1049-929 cal BC (1125-903 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2006a; in preparation
14) -
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Foundation trench of Late Mesolithic structure
(Area N, Feature 4)
3) Fill of south-western end of foundation trench (Cut
1009, Fill 694)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-228741
7) 5000±40 BP (5030±40 BP)
8) -26.9‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3905-3709 cal BC (3943-3675 cal BC)
13) McCooey in preparation
14) -
1) Millquarter (Finvoy Rd, Ballymoney); C 9477 2494
2) Late Bronze Age ditch (barrow?)
3) Fill of ditch (Cut 5, Context 19)
4) AE/05/160
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-223898
7) 2520±50 BP (2550±50 BP)
8) -26.7‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 786-548 cal BC (799-417 cal BC)
13) McCooey 2006b
14) Contained burnt bone, two charred grains and
charred seeds. Archaeological remains ran beyond
limit of area available for excavation.
1) Brecart (Toome Bypass); H 9965 9080
2) Foundation trench of Late Mesolithic structure
(Area N, Feature 4)
3) Fill of south-western end of foundation trench (Cut
1009, Fill 1010)
4) AE/02/59 (Toome ‘02)
5) P McCooey
6) Beta-228742
7) 9720±50 BP (9720±50 BP)
8) -24.7‰
1) Straidbilly (1-7 Mill View, Liscolman); C 9864
3697
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8) -25.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2572-2346 cal BC (2834-2208 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2004a; Large & Dunlop 2007
14) Monitoring under AE/02/51. Contained one flint
flake.
2) Middle Neolithic circular enclosure (Western
enclosure)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 4, Fill 4a)
4) AE/03/10
5) S Large
6) Beta-216904
7) 4480±70 BP (4510±70 BP)
8) -26.4‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3338-3034 cal BC (3362-2930 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2004a; Large & Dunlop 2007
14) Monitoring under AE/02/51. Contained four
sherds of pottery (1 Later Neolithic Grooved Ware,
2 of indeterminate Bronze Age form and 1 Bowl
Food Vessel sherd, decorated with thick cord
impressions)
1) Straidbilly (1-7 Mill View, Liscolman); C 9864
3697
2) Late Neolithic circular enclosure (Eastern
enclosure)
3) Upper fill of primary post pipe in internal cluster
(Cut 76, Fill 76a)
4) AE/03/10
5) S Large
6) Beta-216912
7) 4120±40 BP (4150±40 BP)
8) -26.7‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2859-2589 cal BC (2872-2577 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2004a. Large & Dunlop 2007
14) Monitoring under AE/02/51 Contained three
sherds of pottery and 16 pieces of flint.
1) Straidbilly (1-7 Mill View, Liscolman); C 9864
3697
2) Late Neolithic circular enclosure (Eastern
enclosure)
3) Fill of stake-hole (Cut 34, Fill 34a)
4) AE/03/10
5) S Large
6) Beta-216907
7) 3960±70 BP (3970±70 BP)
CO ARMAGH
9) Radiometric (with extended counting time)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1037-1180 cal AD (1016-1259 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2000a; 2000c; Gilmore & Murphy 2001
14) Contained human skull, animal bone, antler and
flint blade.
1) Townparks (Armagh Theatre, Market St); H 8756
4524
2) Early Christian - medieval ditch
3) Lower fill of ditch (Feature 46, Context 54)
4) Unnumbered (AT ‘98)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-133291
7) 770±60 BP (770±60 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)3
9) Radiometric (with extended counting time)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1221-1285 cal AD (1054-1386 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2000a; 2000c; Gilmore & Murphy 2001
14) Contained decorated, unglazed pottery.
1) Townparks (Armagh Theatre, Market St); H 8756
4524
2) Early Christian ditch
3) Basal fill of ditch (Feature 10, Context 64)
4) Unnumbered (AT ‘98)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-133293
7) 1270±80 BP (1270±80 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric (with extended counting time)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 663-859 cal AD (639-965 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2000a; 2000c; Gilmore & Murphy 2001
14) Contained barley (hordeum vulgare) and bread
wheat (triticum).
1) Townparks (Armagh Theatre, Market St); H 8756
4524
2) Early Christian - medieval ditch
3) Lower fill of ditch (Feature 46, Context 52)
4) Unnumbered (AT ‘98)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-133292
7) 910±70 BP (910±70 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
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1) Townparks (Armagh Theatre, Market St); H 8756
4524
2) Late medieval - medieval elongated pit/ditch
3) Basal fill of pit/ditch (Feature 32, Context 147)
4) Unnumbered (AT ‘98)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-133295
7) 290±40 BP (290±40 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1521-1652 cal AD (1483-1795 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2000a; 2000c; Gilmore & Murphy 2001
14) Contained wood, leather, barley (hordeum
vulgare), bread wheat (triticum), rye (secale
cereale) and oats (avena).
1) Townparks (Armagh Theatre, Market St); H 8756
4524
2) Late medieval - post-medieval pit/ditch
3) Basal fill of pit/ditch (Feature 32, Context 134)
4) Unnumbered (AT ‘98)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-133294
7) 370±60 BP (370±60 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric (with extended counting time)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1451-1629 cal AD (1440-1643 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2000a; 2000c; Gilmore & Murphy 2001
14) Contained bone, grains of barley (hordeum
vulgare) and oats (avena).
CO CAVAN
1) Tullymongan Lower; H 4235 0495
2) Medieval sub-rectangular house (Area 2)
3) Fill of wall slot (Cut 202, Fill 201)
4) 03E0385 (TM ‘03)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-208664
7) 630±40 BP (640±40 BP)
8) -25.9‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (carcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1294-1391 cal AD (1285-1401 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2006b
14) Contained animal bone and unglazed pottery.
1) Tullymongan Lower; H 4235 0495
2) Medieval circular house (Area 1)
3) Fill of wall slot/drip gully (Feature 3, Context 102)
4) 03E0385 (TM ‘03)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-208628
7) 560±60 BP (580±60 BP)
8) -26.3‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1312-1425 cal AD (1295-1439 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2006b
14) Contained burnt and unburnt bone and unglazed
pottery.
CO DONEGAL
14) Contained one piece of animal bone and tooth, sea
shells (included periwinkles, mussels and limpets),
remains of iron knife, barley (cf hordeum vulgare)
(33 grains), 6-row, hulled barley (hordeum vulgare)
(20 grains), wheat (cf triticum) (6 grains), bread
wheat (cf triticum aestivum/compactum sp.) (5
grains), oats (cf avena sp.) (36 grains), oats (avena
sp.) (129 grains), oats/rye (cf avena/secale) (4
grains), cereal (indeterminate) (37 grains),
cereal/wild grasses (poaceae (indeterminate)) (6
grains), redshank/pale persicaria (Persicaria cf
maculosa/lapathifolia) (5 seeds), knotgrasses
(polygonum aviculare agg.) (2 seeds) and cf ivyleaved crowfoot (ranunculus cf scleratus) (1 seed).
1) Magheracarr (Fishery Cottage, Magheracarr); G
7940 5858
2) Medieval midden
3) Midden fill (Context 10)
4) 98E0256 (MGR)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-133290
7) 430±40 BP (430±40 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1429-1605 cal AD (1414-1624 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2000b; 2003
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CO DOWN
1) Aughintober (Loughbrickland A1); J 0945 3515
2) Late Neolithic Site pit (Area 8)
3) Basal fill of pit (Cut 3, Fill 2)
4) AE/05/55
5) S Large
6) Beta-217343
7) 3890±60 BP (3920±60 BP)
8) -26.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2464-2298 cal BC (2564-2154 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained one sherd of Bronze Age pottery and
one flint blade.
5) S Large
6) Beta-213587
7) 2930±70 BP (2990±70 BP)
8) -28.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1258-1027 cal BC (1373-932 cal BC) 35 years)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 419.6g of cremated bone (represented
one adult male, c 35+ years).
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD5)
3) Basal fill of central cremation (Cut 131, Fill 201)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-213589
7) 2750±60 BP (2760±60 BP)
8) -25.7‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 972-828 cal BC (1038-802 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 402.2g burnt bone (combined with Fill
200) (represented one individual, 8-14 years; pyre
temperature c 645o-1,200oC).
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Middle Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD3)
3) Fill of central burial (Cut 73, Fill 72)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-213584
7) 3210±60 BP (3230±60 BP)
8) -25.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1597-1416 cal BC (1628-1323 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 122.7g cremated bone (represented one
sub-adult, c 10-15 years; and a small number of
more weathered fragments from an adult)
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Post-hole post-dating Early Neolithic house (Area
2, House 2)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 672, Fill 466)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-213590
7) 4850±70 BP (4850±70 BP)
8) -25.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3707-3529 cal BC (3787-3381 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009; McSparron 2008
14) Contained one sherd of Neolithic pottery and
unidentifiable burnt bone. McSparron (2008, 20)
erroneously gives this as 4840±50 BP
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Middle - Late Bronze Age ‘4 poster’ burial (Area
2)
3) Fill of central burial (Cut 138, Fill 123)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-213586
7) 2870±70 BP (2860±70 BP)
8) -24.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1188-930 cal BC (1265-848 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 452g of burnt bone (including teeth)
(represented one adult male, c 25-45 years; pyre
temperature c 645o-1,200oC).
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Early Neolithic house (Area 2, House 1)
3) Upper fill of south-western wall slot (Cut 478, Fill
367)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-213591
7) 4850±50 BP (4840±50 BP)
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD2)
3) Fill of secondary central burial (Cut 86, Fill 82)
4) AE/04/77
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11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 918-805 cal BC (1024-774 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained undecorated domestic coarse ware urn,
sherds of prehistoric pottery, 1,042.9g of burnt
bone (represented one adult, 25-35 years; pyre
temperature c 645o-1,200oC. Same feature redated
by Beta-223392.
8) -24.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3698-3537 cal BC (3760-3521 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009; McSparron 2008, 20
14) Contained burnt bone, broken burnt flint axe,
broken butt of a polished porcellanite axe and one
oat grain (avena). McSparron (2008, 20)
erroneously gives the standard deviation as ±70
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Middle - Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD1)
3) Fill of central cremation (Cut 28, Fill 5)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-216911
7) 2970±50 BP (3020±50 BP)
8) -27.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1292-1122 cal BC (1377-1029 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 616.4g of burnt bone (represented one
adult, c 25-35 years)
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Early Neolithic ritual pits (Area 2, Ritual pits)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 69, Fill 58)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-216905
7) 4910±70 BP (4900±70 BP)
8) -24.2‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3767-3640 cal BC (3938-3527 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 146 sherds of Neolithic pottery
(represented 13 plain and 13 carinated bowls),
burnt hazelnut shell, unidentifiable bone, bipolar
flint core, two broken flint flakes, one flint
fragment, two worked flint arrowheads (one with
birch tar resin on butt).
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1090 4025
2) Late Neolithic pit (Area 1)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 60, Fill 59)
4) AE/04/55
5) S Large
6) Beta-217342
7) 4070±70 BP (4090±70 BP)
8) -26.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2850-2491 cal BC (2872-2471 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained eight quartz cores, 19 flint pieces, 196
pieces of burnt flint, one sherd of undecorated
Grooved Ware, part of a stone axe and fragments of
unidentifiable burnt bone.
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD6)
3) Fill of central burial (Cut 122, Fill 121)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-216906
7) 2690±70 BP (2760±70 BP)
8) -29.6‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 906-800 cal BC (1015-671 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 670.3g burnt bone (represented one
individual, c 13-18 years; pyre temperature c 645o1,200oC).
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD4)
3) Fill of central burial (Cut 183, Fill 146)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-216909
7) 2710±70 BP (2750±70 BP)
8) -27.4‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
165
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Neolithic pit (Area 2, Campsite 2)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 32, Fill 31)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-217346
7) 4030±80 BP (4060±80 BP)
8) -26.8‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2846-2465 cal BC (2872-2345 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 65 sherds of Bronze Age pottery
(representing four vessels), a small flint nodule, a
bipolar flint core refit and unidentifiable burnt bone
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9) AMS
10) Single entity (bone carbonate)
11) Carbonate extraction
12) 1007-857 cal BC (1109-820 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 539.3g cremated bone (represented two
individuals, one an adult male, 35+ years) and one
sherd of Bronze Age pottery.
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD5)
3) Fill of central cremation (Cut 131, Fill 200)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-217352
7) 2810±70 BP (2860±70 BP)
8) -27.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1052-848 cal BC (1192-814 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 402.2g burnt bone (combined with Fill
201)(represented one individual, 8-14 years; pyre
temperature c 645o-1,200oC).
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD5)
3) Fill of ring ditch (possible remains of pyre material)
(Cut 129, Fill 144)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) UB-7287
7) 2800±35 BP
8) δ13C: -25.0
9) 10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 998-913 cal BC (1044-845 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) -
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Neolithic pit (Area 2, southern pit complex)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 635, Fill 641)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-217383
7) 4230±80 BP (4210±80 BP)
8) -23.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2913-2676 cal BC (3017-2580 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained two burnt flint flakes, three sherds of
Early Bronze Age pottery and a miniature Early
Bronze Age ‘pinch pot’ (30mm diameter x 15mm
high)
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD7)
3) Fill of central burial (Cut 198, Fill 197)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) UB-7289
7) 2921±34 BP
8) δ13C: -24.0
9) 10) Multiple entity (cremated bone)
11) acid hydrolysis method of Lanting et al 2001
12) 1193-1051 cal BC (1258-1012 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained funerary urn, with 1,148.9g cremated
bone (represented three individuals: an adult
female (1121.2g, c 25-45 years), a child (27.2g, c 36 years) and a neonate infant (single fragment; pyre
temperature <285°C). All possibly cremated in
single event.
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD4)
3) Fill of central burial (Cut 183, Fill 146)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-223392
7) 2860±50 BP (2810±50 BP)
8) -21.9‰
9) AMS
10) Single entity (Bone carbonate)
11) Carbonate extraction
12) 1114-942 cal BC (1208-905 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Redating of Beta-216909
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD8)
3) Fill of truncated Vase Urn in central burial (Cut 166,
F165)
4) AE/0477
5) S Large
6) UB-7290
7) 2871±34 BP
8) δ13C: -21.0
9) 10) Single entity (cremated bone)
11) acid hydrolysis method of Lanting et al 2001
12) 1114-1003 cal BC (1190-927 cal BC)
1) Ballintaggart (Loughbrickland A1); J 1095 4035
2) Middle - Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2, RD2)
3) Fill of primary burial (Cut 153, Fill 112)
4) AE/04/77
5) S Large
6) Beta-224301
7) 2790±50 BP (2830±50 BP)
8) -27.7‰
166
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4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-232776
7) 3450±40 BP (3450±40 BP)
8) -25.0‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1874-1692 cal BC (1885-1667 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007b
14) -
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained portion of Vase Urn, 1,602.7g of
cremated bone (represented adult female, c 25-35
years; pyre temperature c 645o-1200oC).
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55230
82642
2) Early - Middle Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 3)
3) Fill of probable trough (Cut 11, Fill 12)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-232773
7) 3490±40 BP (3530±40 BP)
8) -27.6‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1880-1759 cal BC (1918-1694 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007b
14) -
1) Ballycross (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 56996 80549
2) Portion of Early Bronze Age wall and post-hole slot
(Area 9)
3) Fill of wall slot (Cut 67, Fill 68)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-232779
7) 3490±40 BP (3510±40 BP)
8) -26.2‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1880-1759 cal BC (1918-1694 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007b
14) Possible old wood effect.
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55309
82577
2) Late Bronze Age burnt mound with wooden trough
(Area 4)
3) Peaty basal layer of trough (Cut 43, Fill 49)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-232774
7) 2770±40 BP (2880±40 BP)
8) -31.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 974-844 cal BC (1008-828 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007b
14) -
1) Ballywilliam (Donaghadee Waste Water Treatment
Plant); J 5734 8061
2) Early Bronze Age burnt mound
3) Basal fill of trough (Cut 10, Fill 33)
4) AE/06/65 (BWD ‘06)
5) R M Chapple
6) Beta-228654
7) 3590±60 BP (3620±60 BP)
8) -26.8‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2033-1832 cal BC (2133-1767 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2007a; 2007b
14) -
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 54813
83361
2) Early Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 1)
3) Burnt mound material
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) UB-7286
7) 3539±33 BP
8) δ13C: -26.0
9) 10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1932-1779 cal BC (1955-1756 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007
14) Feature was sampled for dating and preserved in
situ.
1) Ballywilliam (Donaghadee Waste Water Treatment
Plant); J 5734 8061
2) Early Bronze Age burnt mound
3) Remains of plank lining in base of trough (Cut 12,
Fill 39)
4) AE/06/65 (BWD ‘06)
5) R M Chapple
6) Beta-228655
7) 3620±50 BP (3650±50 BP)
8) -26.8‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2109-1908 cal BC (2139-1828 cal BC)
1) Ballycross (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 56848 80644
2) Early - Middle Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 8)
3) Burnt mound material (Fill 75)
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7) 3090±70 BP (3090±70 BP)
8) -25.3‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1432-1269 cal BC (1500-1130 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained one sherd of prehistoric pottery. Timber
identified as oak (quercus) (1.35m x 0.30m x
0.03m thick).
13) Chapple 2007a; 2007b
14) -
1) Brackenagh East (21 Brackenagh East Rd); J 3348
1900
2) Early Christian rath
3) Fill of ditch (Cut 3, Context 11)
4) AE/01/22 (BRE ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-186554
7) 1140±40 BP (1160±40 BP)
8) -26.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 831-975 cal AD (779-987 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2003b; 2004
14) SMR: 56:29.
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age post-hole marking burial (Area
9)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 218, Fill 208)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-216908
7) 3330±70 BP (3370±70 BP)
8) -27.4‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1688-1525 cal BC (1860-1447 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 7.5g of burnt human bone and one
sherd of pottery.
1) Brackenagh East (21 Brackenagh East Rd); J 3348
1900
2) Early Christian rath
3) Fill of ditch (Cut 3, Context 211)
4) AE/01/22 (BRE ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-186555
7) 1300±40 BP (1300±40 BP)
8) -25.3‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 666-768 cal AD (649-807 cal AD)
13) Gilmore 2003b; 2004
14) SMR: 56:29.
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 9, RD 5)
3) Upper fill of central burial (Cut 30, Fill 29)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-216910
7) 3130±70 BP (3170±70 BP)
8) -27.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1493-1315 cal BC (1604-1135 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 329.2g of burnt bone (represented one
adult of indeterminate sex, c 25-35 years) and three
unburnt rubbing stones (2 sandstone, 1 schist).
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age ‘basket enclosed cremation’
inserted into cairn F118 (Area 9)
3) Fill of cremation (Cut 228, Fill 15)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-213585
7) 3190±70 BP (3200±70 BP)
8) -26.0‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1598-1393 cal BC (1628-1305 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 266.6g of cremated bone (represented
one sub-adult, c 13-17 years).
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age cremation pit inserted into cairn
F118 (Area 9)
3) Basal fill of pit (Cut 18, Fill 17)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-217344
7) 3050±70 BP (3090±70 BP)
8) -27.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1411-1214 cal BC (1489-1058 cal BC)
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 9, RD2)
3) Carbonized timber (Cut 128, Fill 226)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-213588
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6) Beta-217350
7) 4910±50 BP (4940±50 BP)
8) -26.8‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3757-3643 cal BC (3797-3542 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained leaf-shaped arrowhead.
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained unidentifiable fragments of burnt bone
and two pieces of flint.
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age possible cremation pit (Area 9)
3) Upper fill of pit (Cut 20, Fill 19)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-217347
7) 3200±60 BP (3230±60 BP)
8) -27.3‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1525-1414 cal BC (1621-1320 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 15.6g of human bone.
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 9, RD1)
3) Fill of ring ditch (Cut 45, Fill 122)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-217351
7) 3200±80 BP (3240±80 BP)
8) -27.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1606-1398 cal BC (1680-1300 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained carbonized timber (identified as split
sheet of Alder (alnus sp.) (10-20mm thick).
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Middle Bronze Age token burial/possible cremation
in cairn F118 (Area 9)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 32, Fill 31)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-217348
7) 3100±60 BP (3080±60 BP)
8) -23.7‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1435-1301 cal BC (1499-1212 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained one piece of flint and unidentifiable
burnt bone.
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Late Neolithic cairn (Area 9)
3) Cairn material (F118)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-217353
7) 3870±70 BP (3850±70 BP)
8) -23.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2464-2215 cal BC (2562-2139 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained sherds of a Bronze Age Vase Urn and a
pierced lignite/jet spacer bead.
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Late Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 9, RD3)
3) Fill of central cremation (Cut 22, Fill 21)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
6) Beta-217349
7) 2920±70 BP (2930±70 BP)
8) -25.8‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1254-1015 cal BC (1370-923 cal BC)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained 49.5g of cremated bone (represented
one individual, c 7-15 years), one piece of flint and
one piece of burnt flint.
1) Drumadonnell; J 2448 3917
2) Early Christian house (Site division)
3) Sample type (Context Nos.)
4) Unnumbered (DND ‘99)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-138988
7) 1160±60 BP (1160±60 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 780-964 cal AD (694-994 cal AD)
13) McSparron 2000b; 2001b
14) -
1) Derrycraw (Loughbrickland A1); J 0938 3345
2) Early Neolithic pit within ring ditch (Area 9, RD1)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 57, Fill 56)
4) AE/05/14
5) S Large
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8) -28.0‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3639-3522 cal BC (3654-3378 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007b
14) -
1) Drumadonnell; J 2448 3917
2) Early Christian house (Site division)
3) Sample type (Context Nos.)
4) Unnumbered (DND ‘99)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta- 138989
7) 1200±60 BP (1200±60 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 716-894 cal AD (682-970 cal AD)
13) McSparron 2000b; 2001b
14) -
1) Portavoe (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55710 81343
2) Middle Bronze Age ring possible house (Area 5)
3) Upper fill of gully associated with possible house
(Cut 56, Fill 57)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-232777
7) 3240±40 BP (3260±40 BP)
8) -26.5‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1602-1449 cal BC (1611-1433 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007b
14) -
1) Maddydrumbrist (Loughbrickland A1); J 0945 3475
2) Iron Age cremation (?) pit (Area 7b)
3) Upper fill of pit (Cut 12, Fill 11)
4) AE/04/55
5) S Large
6) Beta-217345
7) 1730±60 BP (1680±60 BP)
8) -22.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 244-385 cal AD (136-423 cal AD)
13) Chapple et al 2007; 2009
14) Contained unidentifiable burnt bone, hazelnut
shells (corylus) and one natural, broken piece of
flint.
1) Portavoe (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 56219 80897
2) Late Bronze Age post-hole (Area 6)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 62, Fill 63)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-232778
7) 2890±40 BP (2890±40 BP)
8) -25.1‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1186-1005 cal BC (1251-937 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007b
14) Contained one sherd of Middle Bronze Age
pottery.
1) Portavoe (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55710 81343
2) Late Neolithic layer cut by gully of possible house
(Area 5)
3) Layer (Fill 59)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-232775
7) 4780±50 BP (4830±50 BP)
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1) Clonturkle (Doon Quarry); H 2397 2880
2) Post-Medieval/modern sinkhole
3) Animal bone from sinkhole
4) AE/03/96 (Doon 03)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-197974
7) 220±40 BP (160±40 BP)
8) -21.4‰
9) AMS
10) Single entity (animal bone)
11) Collagen extraction: with alkali
12) 1645-1951 cal AD (1525-1952 cal AD)
13) Dunlop 2005a; 2006a
14) Date is probably anomalous.
CO FERMANAGH
1) Magheradunbar (Magheradunbar Quarry); H 1997
4666
2) Early Christian rath (Area 8, Graveyard)
3) Human remains in grave (Context 35, Skeleton 1)
4) AE/03/75 (MDB ‘03)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-186556
7) 1280±40 BP (1220±40 BP)
8) -21.4‰
9) AMS
10) Single entity (human tooth)
11) Collagen extraction: with alkali
12) 677-771 cal AD (658-861 cal AD)
13) Dunlop 2003; 2004; 2006b
14) Infant (1.5-3 years) crouched in shallow grave
with small piece of quartz in each hand.
CO LONDONDERRY
1) Crossreagh East (Crossreagh East, Portstewart); C
8227 3652
2) Middle - Late Bronze Age house (Area 2, House 1b)
3) Fill of north wall slot (Cut 62, Fill 60)
4) AE/00/26 (CRE 2000)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-195008
7) 3010±40 BP (2970±40 BP)
8) -22.4‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1372-1135 cal BC (1386-1129 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2000c; 2002
14) Contained nine charred grains, copper slag and
burnt flint
1) Crossreagh East (Meadowlands, Portstewart); C
8227 3652
2) Late Bronze Age house (Area 2, House 1b)
3) Basal fill of north wall slot (Cut 62, Fill 61)
4) AE/00/26 (CRE 2000)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-157017
7) 2920±70 BP (2920±70 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1254-1015 cal BC (1370-923 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2000c; 2002
14) Contained 17 charred grains, one sherd of pottery
and flint.
1) Crossreagh East (Meadowlands, Portstewart); C
8227 3652
2) Middle Bronze Age house (Area 2, House 2)
3) Fill of construction gully/slot (Cut 175 Fill 176)
4) AE/00/26 (CRE 2000)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-195009
7) 760±40 BP (530±40 BP)
8) -11.0‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charred grains, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1227-1279 cal AD (1189-1294 cal AD)
13) McSparron 2000c; 2002
14) Anomalous. Contained three charred grains and
flint.
1) Crossreagh East (Meadowlands, Portstewart); C
8227 3652
2) Middle Bronze Age house (Area 2, House 2, Room
A)
3) Fill of construction gully/slot (Cut 167, Fill 168)
4) AE/00/26 (CRE 2000)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-208665
7) 3360±80 BP (3390±80 BP)
8) -26.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1741-1532 cal BC (1879-1462 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2000c; 2002
14) Contained flint (including scraper blank).
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12) 4049-3810 cal BC (4228-3794 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2000a; 2001a; 2003a; 2003b; 2008
14) SMR: 14:12, 14:65. Contained one sherd of
pottery.
1) Enagh; C 4624 2030
2) Early Neolithic house (Site 2)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 207, Fill 209)
4) Unnumbered (Enagh ‘98)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-188378
7) 4880±40 BP (4880±40 BP)
8) -24.9‰
9) AMS
10) Single entity (charred hazelnut (Corylus) shell)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3695-3641 cal BC (3763-3539 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2000a; 2001a; 2003a; 2003b; 2008
14) SMR: 14:12, 14:65.
1) Gortenny (Woodvale Rd, Eglinton); C 52402 19438
2) Early - Middle Neolithic pit (Area 1, Grid 1)
3) Basal fill of pit (Cut 355, Fill 354)
4) AE/01/60 (GEL ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-230117
7) 4700±80 BP (4710±80 BP)
8) -25.6‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3629-3373 cal BC (3651-3141 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2001; 2003a
14) -
1) Enagh; C 4676 1983
2) Middle Bronze Age house (Site 1)
3) Fill of pit/post-hole (Cut 126, Fill 127)
4) Unnumbered (Enagh ‘98)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-188379
7) 3350±70 BP (3360±70 BP)
8) -25.6‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1734-1532 cal BC (1874-1458 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2000a; 2001a; 2003a; 2003b
14) SMR: 14:12, 14:65.
1) Gortenny (Woodvale Rd, Eglinton); C 52402 19438
2) Late Neolithic - Early Bronze Age possible hearth
(Grid 11)
3) Basal fill of hearth (Cut 706, Fill 710)
4) AE/01/60 (GEL ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-230118
7) 3830±50 BP (3860±50 BP)
8) -27.1‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2431-2200 cal BC (2463-2142 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2001; 2003a
14) -
1) Enagh; C 642 029]
2) Early Neolithic house (Site 3)
3) Upper fill of depression (Cut 305, Fill 302)
4) Unnumbered (Enagh ‘98)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-188380
7) 4900±70 BP (4930±70 BP)
8) -26.7‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3766-3638 cal BC (3935-3523 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2000a; 2001a; 2003a; 2003b
14) SMR: 14:12, 14:65. McSparron (2003, 9)
erroneously quotes the measured radiocarbon age,
not the conventional age.
1) Gortenny (Woodvale Rd, Eglinton); C 52402 49438
2) Large Early Bronze Age oval pit (Grid 11)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 711, Fill 713)
4) AE/01/60 (GEL ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-230119
7) 3770±50 BP (3760±50 BP)
8) -24.5‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2286-2064 cal BC (2398-2031 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2001; 2003a
14) -
1) Enagh; C 4624 2030
2) Early Neolithic house (Site 2)
3) Fill of construction slot (Cut 205, Fill 204)
4) Unnumbered (Enagh ‘98)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-152195
7) 5170±70 BP (5170±70 BP)
8) -25.0‰ (estimated)
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
1) Gortenny (Woodvale Rd, Eglinton); C 52402 19438
2) Late Neolithic stake-hole (Grid 11)
3) Fill of stake-hole (Cut 756, Fill 757)
4) AE/01/60 (GEL ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-230120
7) 3950±40 BP (3970±40 BP)
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1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Middle Bronze Age burnt mound (Site 10)
3) Layer in recut of trough (Cut 13, Fill 15)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) Beta-227760
7) 3290±70 BP (3310±70 BP)
8) -26.0‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1663-1496 cal BC (1738-1430 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) -
8) -26.3‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2563-2350 cal BC (2571-2307 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2001; 2003a
14) -
1) Gortenny (Woodvale Rd, Eglinton); C 52402 19438
2) Late Mesolithic - Early Neolithic stake-hole (Grids
17, 18)
3) Fill of stake-hole (Cut 1220, Fill 1221)
4) AE/01/60 (GEL ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-230121
7) 5350±40 BP (5360±40 BP)
8) -25.6‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 4312-4071 cal BC (4323-4051 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2001; 2003a
14) -
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic pit group (Site 11)
3) Pit fill with pottery, flint and charred hazelnut shells
(Cut 501, Fill 505)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) Beta-227761
7) 4880±70 BP (4910±70 BP)
8) -27.1‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3762-3539 cal BC (3911-3386 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Contained flint detage, 127 sherds of pottery
(remains of 4 carinated bowls and 5 plain bowls)
and 94g of hazelnut shells (corylus).
1) Gortenny (Woodvale Rd, Eglinton); C 52402 19438
2) Stake-hole in Late Mesolithic semi-circular
structure (Grids 17, 18)
3) Fill of stake-hole (Cut 1184, Fill 1185)
4) AE/01/60 (GEL ‘01)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-230122
7) 5610±40 BP (5690±40 BP)
8) -29.9‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 4552-4460 cal BC (4681-4450 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2001; 2003a
14) -
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic habitation (?) (Site 12)
3) Fill of gully with pottery, flint and charred hazelnut
shells (Cut 605, Fill 613)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) Beta-227762
7) 4930±70 BP (4960±70 BP)
8) -26.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3777-3647cal BC (3943-3538 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Contained one struck flint, one sherd of prehistoric
pottery and 2g of hazelnut shells (corylus).
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Bronze Age burnt mound (Site 10)
3) Layer in recut of trough (Cut 13, Fill 14)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) Beta-227759
7) 3590±40 BP (3610±40 BP)
8) -26.5‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2013-1893 cal BC (2116-1779 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) -
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic habitation (?) (Site 12)
3) Fill of gully with pottery, flint and charred hazelnut
shells (Cut 605, Fill 613)
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3) Fill of oval pit with débitage, pottery, charred
hazelnuts and grain (Cut 625, Fill 628)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) UBA-10039
7) 4831±49 BP
8) δ13C: -26.9
9) AMS
10) Single entity (charred wheat grain)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3691-3530 cal BC (3708-3388 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Same fill as above.
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) UBA-10040
7) 4906±34 BP
8) δ13C: -24.3
9) AMS
10) Single entity (charred hazelnut shell)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3702-3653 cal BC (3763-3640 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Date on charred hazelnuts from same fill as
previous.
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic habitation (?) (Site 12)
3) Fill of oval pit with débitage, pottery, charred
hazelnuts and grain (Cut 625, Fill 628)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) UBA-10037
7) 4828±44 BP
8) δ13C: -24.2
9) AMS
10) Single entity (charred hazelnut shell)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3656-3532 cal BC (3702-3521 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Contained one piece of flint debitage, 16g of
charred hazelnut shells, 39 grains of wheat, six
grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), five grains
of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum),
four grains of 6-row naked barley (Hordeum
vulgare subsp. vulgare var. nudum) and two seeds
of bedstraw, fragments of seven carinated bowls
and 11 plain bowls.
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic habitation (?) (Site 12)
3) Fill of oval pit with débitage, pottery, charred
hazelnuts and grain (Cut 625, Fill 628)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) UBA-10041
7) 4832±32 BP
8) δ13C: -30.8
9) AMS
10) Single entity (charred naked barley)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3654-3537 cal BC (3694-3527 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Same fill as above.
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic habitation (?) (Site 12)
3) Fill of oval pit with débitage, pottery, charred
hazelnuts and grain (Cut 625, Fill 628)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) UBA-10043
7) 4914±26 BP
8) δ13C: -23.8
9) AMS
10) Single entity (charred naked barley)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3701-3658 cal BC (3761-3644 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Same fill as above.
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic habitation (?) (Site 12)
3) Fill of oval pit with debitage, pottery, charred
hazelnuts and grain (Cut 625, Fill 628)
4) AE/02/76 (Oak ‘02)
5) R M Chapple
6) UBA-10038
7) 4851±36 BP
8) δ13C: -23.6
9) AMS
10) Single entity (charred wheat grain)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3693-3541 cal BC (3705-3533 cal BC)
13) Chapple 2003; 2004b; 2009; this volume
14) Same fill as above.
1) Killane (Limavady Bypass); C 6780 2410
2) Large Late Bronze Age pit (Site 2)
3) Basal layer of pit (Cut 137, Fill 153)
4) AE/02/07 (LMBY)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-210954
7) 2760±40 BP (2770±40 BP)
8) -25.4‰
9) AMS
1) Gransha (Oakgrove Integrated College); C 4607
1993
2) Early Neolithic habitation (?) (Site 12)
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3) Basal fill (Cut 20, Context 24)
4) Unnumbered (MMP ‘99)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-186550
7) 1370±40 BP (1410±40 BP)
8) -27.5‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 632-681 cal AD (599-767 cal AD)
13) Reilly 2000; Gilmore, McSparron & Reilly 2000
14) Contained struck flint and souterrain ware pottery
(vessel 55).
10) Multiple entity (charred naked barley (Hordeum
nudum))
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 969-841 cal BC (1002-825 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2004
14) -
1) Killane (Limavady Bypass); C 6780 2405
2) Middle - Late Bronze Age pit (Site 1)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 3, Fill 4)
4) AE/02/07 (LMBY)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-210955
7) 3040±90 BP (3020±90 BP)
8) -23.3‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1413-1132 cal BC (1493-1024 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2004
14) -
1) Magheramenagh (Magheramenagh Park, Portrush);
C 860 389
2) Early Christian rectangular structure (Area 1)
3) Fill of southern wall-slot (Cut 63, Context 64)
4) Unnumbered (MMP ‘99)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-186551
7) 1260±40 BP (1280±40 BP)
8) -26.3‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 679-778 cal AD (668-869 cal AD)
13) Reilly 2000; Gilmore, McSparron & Reilly 2000
14) -
1) Lisnakilly (Limavady Bypass); C 6625 2325
2) Late Bronze Age pit (Site 3)
3) Fill of pit (Cut 309, Fill 310)
4) AE/02/07 (LMBY)
5) C McSparron
6) Beta-210952
7) 2790±40 BP (2760±40 BP)
8) -23.3‰
9) AMS
10) Multiple entity (charred grain, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1000-901 cal BC (1039-835 cal BC)
13) McSparron 2004
14) Contained struck flint and ceramic mould
fragment.
1) Magheramenagh (Magheramenagh Park, Portrush);
C 860 389
2) Early Bronze Age house (Area 3)
3) Fill of curvilinear wall-slot (Cut 303, Context 301)
4) AE/00/41 (MMP ‘00)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-186552
7) 3480±50 BP (3490±50 BP)
8) -25.8‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1880-1746 cal BC (1934-1685 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2002
14) Contained Bronze Age coarse ware (vessel 32) and
souterrain ware (vessel 65).
1) Magheramenagh (Magheramenagh Park, Portrush);
C 860 389
2) Early Christian arc of post-holes/circular house
(Area 1)
3) Fill of post-hole (Cut 52, Context 53)
4) Unnumbered (MMP ‘99)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-186549
7) 1130±40 BP (1160±40 BP)
8) -26.9‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 882-978 cal AD (780-992 cal AD)
13) Reilly 2000; Gilmore, McSparron & Reilly 2000
14) -
1) Magheramenagh (Magheramenagh Park, Portrush);
C 860 389
2) Middle Bronze Age ring ditch (Area 2)
3) Fill of post-hole cut into base of ring ditch (Cut 208,
Context 207)
4) AE/00/41 (MMP ‘00)
5) S Gilmore
6) Beta-186553
7) 3100±50 BP (3130±50 BP)
8) -26.8‰
9) AMS
1) Magheramenagh (Magheramenagh Park, Portrush);
C 860 389
2) Early Christian fire pit (Area 1)
175
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6) Beta-210953
7) 3710±80 BP (3750±80 BP)
8) -27.1‰
9) Radiometric (with extended counting)
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 2268-1977 cal BC (2397-1888 cal BC)
13) McCooey 2004; 2006a; 2007
14) Contained 71 decorated sherds of tripartite Vase
Food Vessel.
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1428-1314 cal BC (1493-1220 cal BC)
13) Gilmore 2002
14) -
1) Shantallow (Templemore Rd/Buncranna Rd); C
4245 1970
2) Early Bronze Age cremation (Area 3)
3) Fill of cremation pit (Cut 8, Context 6)
4) AE/04/35 (BRD ‘01)
5) P McCooey
CO TYRONE
1) Tiroony (Whitebridge Rd, Carrickmore); H 6226
7029
2) Middle Bronze Age burnt mound
3) Burnt mound material (Cut 8, Fill 10)
4) AE/06/260 (Carrickmore ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-229405
7) 3350±60 BP (3360±60 BP)
8) -25.2‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 1731-1535 cal BC (1866-1496 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2007a
14) -
1) Caledon (Churchill PS); H 7565 4557
2) Early Neolithic rubbish pit with possible ritual
deposit
3) Fill of pit (Cut C20, Context 21)
4) AE/04/38 (Caledon 04)
5) C Dunlop
6) Beta-197972
7) 5030±70 BP (5040±70 BP)
8) -25.3‰
9) Radiometric
10) Multiple entity (charcoal, unidentified)
11) acid/alkali/acid
12) 3943-3715 cal BC (3964-3665 cal BC)
13) Dunlop 2005b; 2007d
14) Four hammer/grinding stones, 16 pieces of flint
(three with retouch), 350 sherds of Neolithic
pottery, and one small (c 3cm x 7cm) polished
stone axe placed vertically within the fill.
176
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Gazetteer 2 (dendrochronological dates)
CO ANTRIM
1) Ballymacross (Brokerstown Village, Lisburn); J
2355 6509
2) Rectangular post-Medieval pit near rath (Area 7)
3) Upper bole of tree (Cut 150, Fill 151)
4) AE/06/202 & AE/07/82 (BTV ‘06)
5) S Nicol & C Dunlop
6) Q10848
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 164
9) no
10) very likely
11) yes
12) t = 6.18*** cf Hillsborough Fort, Co Down; t =
5.31*** cf Belfast Index Master; t = 4.02* cf Beech
House, Lisburn, Co Antrim4
13) AD 1416-AD 1579
14) AD 1611±9 years
15) Dunlop 2007c
16) -
6) Q10854
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 29
9) no
10) no
11) no
12) 13) 14) 15) 16) Tree-ring series too short for analysis.
1) Steeple (Steeple Rd, Antrim); J 1606 8822
2) Early Christian wood-built souterrain (Area Q)
3) Wood from floor of souterrain (Cut 2162, Wood
2164c)
4) AE/05/124 & AE/06/265
5) R M Chapple
6) Q10855
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 52
9) no
10) no
11) no
12) 13) 14) 15) 16) Tree-ring series too short for analysis.
1) Steeple (Steeple Rd, Antrim); J 1606 8822
2) Early Christian wood-built souterrain (Area Q)
3) Wood from floor of souterrain (Cut 2162, Wood
2164a)
4) AE/05/124 & AE/06/265
5) R M Chapple
6) Q10853M5
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 101
9) no
10) no
11) no
12) t = 5.46*** cf Drumard, Co Antrim; t = 5.04** cf
Northern Mills Index Master
13) AD 543-AD 643
14) AD 675±9 years or later
15) 16) Surviving portion of wood shows no evidence of
working and appears to come from near the root
buttress of a tree.
1) Steeple (Steeple Rd, Antrim); J 1606 8822
2) Early Christian wood-built souterrain (Area Q)
3) Wood from floor of souterrain (Cut 2165, Wood
2165)
4) AE/05/124 & AE/06/265
5) R M Chapple
6) Q10856
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 76
9) no
10) no
11) no
12) no significant or consistent correlations found
13) 14) 15) 16) Tree-ring series too short for analysis.
1) Steeple (Steeple Rd, Antrim); J 1606 8822
2) Early Christian wood-built souterrain (Area Q)
3) Wood from floor of souterrain (Cut 2162, Wood
2164b)
4) AE/05/124 & AE/06/265
5) R M Chapple
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CO DOWN
8) 141
9) no
10) no
11) no
12) t = 4.60* cf Garryduff Bog, Co Galway; t =
3.35nsm cf Ballagh Lough, Co Monaghan; t = 4.22
cf Irish Prehistoric Chronology (MID1000)
13) 1196 BC-1056 BC
14) after 1024 BC
15) Dunlop 2007b
16) See Q10842.
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55309
82577
2) Late Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 4)
3) Part of plank-built trough (Cut 32)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Q10842
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 105
9) no
10) no
11) no
12) t = 3.96 cf. Ballagh Lough, Co Monaghan; t =
3.96nsm cf Garryduff Bog, Co Galway; t =
3.47nsm cf Derryoghil, Co Longford
13) 1129 BC-1025 BC
14) after 993 BC
15) Dunlop 2007b
16) Samples Q10842-4 come from same tree and were
averaged together to form a 172 year sequence
(called Balloo Lower). t = 5.47*** cf Garryduff
Bog, Co Galway; t = 4.16* cf Ballagh Lough, Co
Monaghan; t = 4.31* cf Derryoghil, Co. Longford.
Correlations with bog oak chronologies: t = 4.45*
cf Ballymacombs More, Co Londonderry; t = 4.45*
cf Garry Bog, Co Antrim. Sequence runs from 1196
BC-1025 BC, with estimated felling occurring after
993 BC.
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55309
82577
2) Late Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 4)
3) Wooden post from plank-built trough (Cut 32)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Q10845
7) Alder (alnus glutinosa)
8) 33
9) no
10) no
11) yes
12) 13) 14) 15) Dunlop 2007b
16) Not suitable for analysis.
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55309
82577
2) Late Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 4)
3) Part of plank-built trough (Cut 32)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Q10843
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 134
9) no
10) no
11) no
12) t = 3.49nsm cf. Irish Prehistoric Chronology
(MID1000)
13) 1180 BC-1048 BC
14) after 1016 BC
15) Dunlop 2007b
16) See Q10842.
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55309
82577
2) Late Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 4)
3) Part of plank-built trough (Cut 32)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Q10844
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55309
82577
2) Late Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 4)
3) Wooden peg from plank-built trough (Cut 32)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Q10846
7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 49
9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) Dunlop 2007b
16) Tree-ring series too short for analysis. Probably
from same tree as Q10842-4.
178
1) Balloo Lower (Briggs Rock pipeline); J 55309
82577
2) Late Bronze Age burnt mound (Area 4)
3) Wooden peg from plank-built trough (Cut 32)
4) AE/06/127 (BDWWP ‘06)
5) C Dunlop
6) Q10847
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7) Oak (quercus sp.)
8) 51
9) 10) 11) 12) -
19:19
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13) 14) 15) Dunlop 2007b
16) Tree-ring series too short for analysis. Probably
from same tree as Q10842-4.
APPENDIX
CHRONOLOGY USED IN THE GAZETTEERS
As a number of different dating systems are current
in Irish archaeology, it is in the interest of clarity
that the temporal extents of various periods and
their nomenclature as used in this paper are
appended here. It is also recognized that the clearcut periodization of the past is fraught with myriad
difficulties; the terminology and dating brackets
given here are to be used with appropriate caution.
Middle Neolithic
Late Neolithic
Early Bronze Age
Middle Bronze Age
Late Bronze Age
Late Bronze Age/
Iron Age transition
Iron Age
Early Christian period
Medieval period
Post-medieval period
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the staff
of NAC Ltd, both past and present, who generously
allowed me access to their unpublished dates and reports:
Paul McCooey, Allan Reilly, Colin Dunlop, Simon Large,
Sarah Nicol and Cormac McSparron, with special thanks
to Stephen Gilmore and Lianne Heaney for answering my
seemingly endless questions and producing the
information and reports that I required. I am also indebted
to Jim McDonald and Paula J Reimer (both 14Chrono
Centre, QUB) and Darden Hood (Beta Analytic
Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory) for helping me
understand some of the more technical aspects of
radiocarbon dating; David M Brown (Experimental
Officer, Department of Archaeology & Palaeoecology,
QUB) for doing the same with dendrochronology. In
addition to many of the above who read various early
drafts of this paper, I would also like to acknowledge the
input of the following: Jonathan Barkley (NAC Ltd);
John Ó Néill (UCD School of Archaeology) and Dr
Rowan McLaughlin. I am indebted to the Queen’s
University Belfast INSTAR project Cultivating Societies:
Assessing the Evidence for Agriculture in Neolithic
Ireland, especially Nicki J Whitehouse, Rick Schulting
and Paula J Reimer for permission to use the six dates
from Gransha, Co Londonderry. At all times I have
attempted to convey fairly and accurately the details of
the various dates from my colleagues’ sites. However,
should any inaccuracies remain, the responsibility must
lie solely with the individual site directors. As ever, my
final words of thanks go to my wife, Jeanne, who has
stoically tolerated the hours I have spent researching and
compiling this paper.
NOTES
1 For the sake of completeness the details of an
additional six samples submitted to QUB, but which
were unsuitable for dendrochronological analysis, are
also included.
2 Beta Analytic Inc supply δ13C data (also called
informally 13C/12C ratios), which is measured by
isotope ratio mass spectrometer, while the
14CHRONO Centre at QUB generally uses δ13C data
measured by AMS. AMS δ13C data are not directly
comparable with those produced by an isotope ratio
mass spectrometer. While the former is appropriate for
fractionation correction in an AMS radiocarbon date,
it may not be applicable to other uses, including
dietary studies etc (Paula J Reimer and Darden Hood,
pers comm). Thus, all radiocarbon determinations
produced by the 14CHRONO Centre that are cited in
this paper are independently identified as of AMS
type.
3 Where a 13C/12C ratio is listed as ‘estimated’, the
estimate is based on values typical of the material
type. The 13C/12C ratio is used to correct for isotopic
fractionation and is applied where differences in the
metabolism of the carbon in the analysed sample is
different from that of the reference sample. The
reference standard is normalized to wood (-25‰).
However, not all materials incorporate carbon at the
same rate as timber does. For example, animals and
humans that ate large quantities of meat or nuts
typically have ratios around -19‰, while shells may
range between +4‰ and -5‰. For each 1‰ from 25‰ a correction of 16.4 years is made to the date.
Values less negative than -25‰ correct the date to
older, while values more negative than -25‰ correct
the date to younger (Darden Hood, pers comm)
Early Mesolithic
Late Mesolithic
Early Neolithic
c 7000-5400 BC
c 5400-4000 BC
c 4000-3500 BC
179
c 3500-2900 BC
c 2900-2350/2200 BC
c 2350/2200-1700 BC
c 1700-1200 BC
c 1250-650 BC
c 650-450 BC
c 450 BC-400 AD
c 400-1250 AD
c 1250-1611 AD
c 1611 AD-present
UJA2010.qxd:UJA 2005
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Page 180
4 Three asterisks indicate an ‘Extremely Significant
Match’, two asterisks a ‘Very Significant Match’, one
asterisk a ‘Significant Match’, NSM a ‘Nonsignificant Match’ (but the highest t value) (David M
Brown, pers comm).
5 The suffix ‘M’ appended to a dendrochronological
laboratory number indicates that the date is a mean of
a number of measured tree-ring series from the same
tree (David M Brown, pers comm).
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