Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 8β’4 Lesson 5: Writing and Solving Linear Equations Lesson Notes All of the problems in this lesson relate to what students have learned about geometry in recent modules and previous years. The purpose is two-fold, first, we want to reinforce what students have learned about geometry, and second, we want to demonstrate a need for writing and solving an equation in a context that is familiar. Throughout the lesson students solve mathematical problems that relate directly to what students have learned about angle relationships, congruence, and the triangle sum theorem. Encourage students to draw a diagram to represent the situation presented in the word problems. Classwork Example 1 ο§ Solve the following: Example 1 One angle is five less than three times the size of another angle. Together they have a sum of πππΛ. What are the sizes of each angle? MP.1 Provide students with time to make sense of the problem and persevere in solving it. They could begin their work by guessing and checking, drawing a diagram, or other methods as appropriate. Then move to the algebraic method shown below. ο§ What do we need to do first to solve this problem? οΊ ο§ If π₯ is the size of the first angle, how do you represent the size of the second angle? οΊ ο§ The second angle is 3π₯ β 5. What is the equation that represents this situation? οΊ ο§ First we need to define our variable (symbol). Let π₯ be the size of the first angle. The equation is: π₯ + 3π₯ β 5 = 143. Scaffolding: Model for students how to use diagrams to help make sense of the problems throughout this lesson. Encourage students to use diagrams to help them understand the situation. The equation that represents this situation is: π₯ + 3π₯ β 5 = 143. Solve for π₯, then determine the size of each angle. Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 50 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 8β’4 Student work: π + ππ β π = πππ (π + π)π β π = πππ ππ β π = πππ ππ β π + π = πππ + π ππ = πππ π = ππ The size of the first angle is ππΛ. The second angle is π(ππ) β π = πππ β π = πππΛ. ο§ Compare the method you tried at the beginning of the problem with the algebraic method. What advantage does writing and solving an equation have? οΊ ο§ Could we have defined π₯ to be the size of the second angle? If so, what, if anything, would change? οΊ ο§ ο§ If we let π₯ be the size of the second angle, then the equation would change, but the answers for the sizes of the angles should remain the same. If π₯ is the size of the second angle, how would we write the size of the first angle? οΊ ο§ Writing and solving an equation is a more direct method than the one I tried before. It allows me to find the answer more quickly. The first angle would be π₯+5 3 . The equation that represents the situation is π₯ + π₯+5 = 143. How should we solve this equation? 3 οΊ We could add the fractions together, then solve for π₯. οΊ We could multiply every term by 3 to change the fraction to a whole number. Using either method, solve the equation. Verify that the sizes of the angles are the same as before. οΊ π₯+5 = 143 3 3π₯ π₯ + 5 + = 143 3 3 3π₯ + π₯ + 5 = 143 3 3π₯ + π₯ + 5 = 143(3) (3 + 1)π₯ + 5 = 429 4π₯ + 5 = 429 4π₯ + 5 β 5 = 429 β 5 4π₯ = 424 π₯ = 106 π₯+ Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Scaffolding: You may need to remind students how to add fractions by rewriting term(s) as equivalent fractions then adding the numerators. Provide support as needed. Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 51 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM οΊ The size of the second angle is 106Λ. The measure of the first angle is π₯+5 3 = 106+5 3 = 111 3 8β’4 = 37°. OR π₯+5 = 143 3 π₯+5 3 (π₯ + = 143) 3 3π₯ + π₯ + 5 = 429 4π₯ + 5 = 429 4π₯ + 5 β 5 = 429 β 5 4π₯ = 424 π₯ = 106 π₯+ The size of the second angle is 106Λ. The measure of the first angle is ο§ π₯+5 3 = 106+5 3 = 111 3 = 37Λ. Whether we let π₯ represent the first angle or the second angle does not change our answers. Whether we solve the equation using the first or second method does not change our answers. What matters is that we accurately write the information in the problem and correctly use the properties of equality. You may solve a problem differently than your classmates or teachers. Again, what matters most is that what you do is accurate and correct. Example 2 ο§ Solve the following: Example 2 Given a right triangle, find the size of the angles if one angle is ten more than four times the other angle and the third angle is the right angle. Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 52 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 8β’4 Solution One Let π be the size of the first angle. Then the second angle is ππ + ππ. The sum of the measures for the angles for this right triangle is as follows: π + ππ + ππ + ππ = πππ. π + ππ + ππ + ππ = πππ (π + π)π + πππ = πππ ππ + πππ = πππ ππ + πππ β πππ = πππ β πππ ππ = ππ π = ππ The measure of the first angle is ππΛ, the measure of the second angle is π(ππ) + ππ = ππ + ππ = ππΛ, and the third angle is ππΛ. Solution Two Let π be the size of the first angle. Then the second angle is ππ + ππ. Since we have a right triangle we already know that one angle is ππΛ which means that the sum of the other two angles is ππ: π + ππ + ππ = ππ. π + ππ + ππ = ππ (π + π)π + ππ = ππ ππ + ππ = ππ ππ + ππ β ππ = ππ β ππ ππ = ππ π = ππ The measure of the first angle is ππΛ, the measure of the second angle is π(ππ) + ππ = ππ + ππ = ππΛ, and the third angle is ππΛ. Solution Three Let π be the size of the second angle. Then the first angle is πβππ π . Since we have a right triangle we already know that one angle is ππΛ which means that the sum of the other two angles is ππ: π + πβππ = ππ. π π β ππ = ππ π π β ππ π (π + = ππ) π ππ + π β ππ = πππ (π + π)π β ππ = πππ ππ β ππ = πππ ππ β ππ + ππ = πππ + ππ ππ = πππ π = ππ π+ The measure of the second angle is ππΛ, the measure of the first angle is Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org ππβππ π = ππ π = ππΛ, and the third angle is ππΛ. Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 53 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 8β’4 Solution Four Let π be the size of the second angle. Then the first angle is πβππ π . The sum of the three angles is as follows: π + πβππ + π ππ = πππ. π β ππ + ππ = πππ π π β ππ π+ + ππ β ππ = πππ β ππ π π β ππ π+ = ππ π ππ π β ππ + = ππ π π ππ + π β ππ = ππ π ππ + π β ππ = πππ ππ β ππ + ππ = πππ + ππ ππ = πππ π = ππ π+ The second angle is ππΛ, the first angle is ππβππ π = ππ π = ππΛ, and the third angle is ππΛ. Make sure students see at least four different methods of solving the problem. Conclude this example with the statements below. ο§ Each method was slightly different either in terms of how the variable was defined or how the properties of equality were used to solve the equation. The way you find the answer may be different than your classmates or your teacher. ο§ As long as you write accurately and do what is mathematically correct, you will find the correct answer. Example 3 ο§ A pair of alternate interior angles are described as follows. One angle is fourteen more than half a number. The other angle is six less than half a number. Are the angles congruent? ο§ We will begin by assuming that the angles are congruent. If the angles are congruent, what does that mean about their measures? οΊ ο§ Write an expression that describes each angle. οΊ ο§ It means that they are equal in measure. One angle is π₯ 2 + 14 and the other angle is π₯ 2 β 6. If the angles are congruent, we can write the equation is π₯ 2 + 14 = π₯ 2 β 6. We know that our properties of equality allow us to transform equations while making sure that they remain true. π₯ π₯ + 14 = β 6 2 2 π₯ π₯ π₯ π₯ β + 14 = β β 6, 2 2 2 2 14 β β6. Therefore, our assumption was not correct and the angles are not congruent. Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 54 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 8β’4 Exercises 1β6 Exercises 1β6 For each of the following problems, write an equation and solve. 1. A pair of congruent angles are described as follows: the measure of one angle is three more than twice a number and the other angleβs measure is ππ. π less than three times the number. Determine the size of the angles. Let π be the number. Then the measure of one angle is π + ππ and the measure of the other angle is ππ β ππ. π. Because the angles are congruent, their measures are equal. Therefore, π + ππ = ππ β ππ. π π + ππ β ππ = ππ β ππ β ππ. π π = π β ππ. π π + ππ. π = π β ππ. π + ππ. π ππ. π = π Then each angle is π + π(ππ. π) = π + πππ = πππΛ. 2. The measure of one angle is described as twelve more than four times a number. Its supplement is twice as large. Find the measure of each angle. Let π be the number. Then the measure of one angle is ππ + ππ. The other angle is π(ππ + ππ) = ππ + ππ. Since the angles are supplementary, their sum must be πππ: ππ + ππ + ππ + ππ = πππ πππ + ππ = πππ πππ + ππ β ππ = πππ β ππ πππ = πππ π = ππ One angle is π(ππ) + ππ = ππ + ππ = ππΛ and the other angle is πππ β ππ = πππΛ. 3. A triangle has angles described as follows: the first angle is four more than seven times a number, another angle is four less than the first and the third angle is twice as large as the first. What are the sizes of each of the angles? Let π be the number. The measure of the first angle is ππ + π. The measure of the second angle is ππ + π β π = ππ. The measure of the third angle is π(ππ + π) = πππ + π. The sum of the angles of a triangle must be πππΛ. ππ + π + ππ + πππ + π = πππ πππ + ππ = πππ πππ + ππ β ππ = πππ β ππ πππ = πππ π=π The measure of the first angle is π(π) + π = ππ + π = ππΛ. The measure of the second angle is π(π) = ππΛ. The measure of the third angle is π(ππ) = ππΛ. 4. One angle measures nine more than six times a number. A sequence of rigid motions maps the angle onto another angle that is described as being thirty less than nine times the number. What is the measure of the angles? Let π be the number. Then the measure of one angle is ππ + π. The measure of the other angle is ππ β ππ. Since rigid motions preserve the measures of angles, then the measure of these angles is equal. ππ + π = ππ β ππ ππ + π β π = ππ β ππ β π ππ = ππ β ππ ππ β ππ = ππ β ππ β ππ βππ = βππ π = ππ The angles measure π(ππ) + π = ππ + π = ππΛ. Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 55 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 5. 8β’4 A right triangle is described as having an angle of size βsix less than negative two times a number,β another angle that is βthree less than negative one-fourth the numberβ, and a right angle. What are the measures of the angles? π Let π be a number. Then one angle is βππ β π. The other angle is β β π. The sum of the two angles must be ππΛ. π π βππ β π + (β ) β π = ππ π ππ π (β ) + (β ) β π = ππ π π ππ (β ) β π + π = ππ + π π ππ β = ππ π βππ = πππ π = βππ One of the angles is βπ(βππ) β π = ππ β π = ππΛ. The other angle is ππ β ππ = πΛ. 6. One angle is one less than six times the size of another. The two angles are complementary angles. Find the size of each angle. Let π be the measure of the first angle. Then the measure of the second angle is ππ β π. The sum of the measures will be ππ because the angles are complementary. π + ππ β π = ππ ππ β π = ππ ππ β π + π = ππ + π ππ = ππ π = ππ One angle is ππΛ and the other angle is π(ππ) β π = ππ β π = ππΛ. Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 56 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 8β’4 Problem Set Sample Solutions Students practice writing and solving linear equations. For each of the following problems, write an equation and solve. 1. The measure of one angle is thirteen less than five times the measure of another angle. The sum of the measures of the two angles is πππΛ. Determine the measures of each of the angles. Let π be the size of the one angle. Then the measure of the other angle is ππ β ππ. π + ππ β ππ = πππ ππ β ππ = πππ ππ β ππ + ππ = πππ + ππ ππ = πππ π = ππ. π The measure of one angle is ππ. πΛ and the measure of the other angle is πππ β ππ. π = πππ. πΛ. 2. An angle measures seventeen more than three times a number. Its supplement is three more than seven times the number. What is the measure of each angle? Let π be the number. Then one angle is ππ + ππ. The other angle is ππ + π. Since the angles are supplementary, the sum of their measures will be πππ. ππ + ππ + ππ + π = πππ πππ + ππ = πππ πππ + ππ β ππ = πππ β ππ πππ = πππ π = ππ One angle is π(ππ) + ππ = ππΛ. The other angle is πππ β ππ = πππΛ. 3. The angles of a triangle are described as follows: β π¨ is the largest angle, its measure is twice the measure of β π©. The measure of β πͺ is π less than half the measure of β π©. Find the measures of the three angles. Let π be the measure of β π©. Then the measure of β π¨ = ππ and β πͺ = π β π. The sum of the measures of the angles π must be πππ. π π + ππ + β π = πππ π π ππ + β π + π = πππ + π π π ππ + = πππ π ππ π + = πππ π π ππ = πππ π ππ = πππ π = ππ The measures of the angles are as follows: β π¨ = πππΛ, β π© = ππΛ, πππ β πͺ = Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org ππ β π = ππ β π = ππΛ. π Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 57 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Lesson 5 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM 4. 8β’4 A pair of corresponding angles are described as follows: the measure of one angle is five less than seven times a number and the measure of the other angle is eight more than seven times the number. Are the angles congruent? Why or why not? Let π be the number. Then measure of one angle is ππ β π and the measure of the other angle is ππ + π. Assume they are congruent, which means their measures are equal. ππ β π = ππ + π ππ β ππ β π = ππ β ππ + π βπ β π Since β π β π, the angles are not congruent. 5. The measure of one angle is eleven more than four times a number. Another angle is twice the first angleβs measure. The sum of the measures of the angles is πππΛ. What is the measure of each angle? Let π be the number. The measure of one angle can be represented with ππ + ππ and the other angleβs measure can be represented as π(ππ + ππ) = ππ + ππ. ππ + ππ + ππ + ππ = πππ πππ + ππ = πππ πππ + ππ β ππ = πππ β ππ πππ = πππ π = ππ. π The measure of one angle is π(ππ. π) + ππ = ππ + ππ = ππΛ and the measure of the other angle is πππΛ. 6. Three angles are described as follows: β π© is half the size of β π¨. The measure of β πͺ is equal to one less than π times the measure of β π©. The sum of β π¨ and β π© is πππ. Can the three angles form a triangle? Why or why not? Let π represent the measure of β π¨. Then the measure of β π© = π π and the measure of β πͺ = π ( ) β π = π β π . π π The sum of β π¨ + β π© = πππ. π = πππ π ππ = πππ π ππ = πππ π = ππ π+ The measure of β π¨ = ππΛ, β π© = ππ = ππΛ, and β πͺ = ππΛ. The sum of the three angles is ππ + ππ + ππ = πππ. π Since the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle must sum to πππΛ, these angles do not form a triangle. Their sum is too large. Lesson 5: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Writing and Solving Linear Equations 11/16/14 58 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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