\ ¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4 #ASTANETS¬AND¬"UGLES¬ !¬#LOSE¬,OOK¬AT¬)NSTRUMENTATION¬AND¬#HARACTER -53)#!,¬()'(,)'(43¬!2%¬ "2)%&¬/00/245.)4)%3¬4/ 4HROUGHOUT¬THE¬OPERA¬"IZET¬USES¬ORCHESTRAL¬ACCOMPANIMENT¬TO¬CONVEY¬INFORMATION¬ ABOUT¬HIS¬CHARACTERS¬THEIR¬THINKING¬AND¬THEIR¬RELATIONSHIPS¬TO¬ONE¬ANOTHER¬4HE¬USE¬ ¬s¬(ELP¬STUDENTS¬UNDERSTAND¬OPERA OF¬CASTANETS¬AND¬BRASS¬IN¬4RACKS¬¬AND¬¬ARE¬A¬lNE¬EXAMPLE ¬s¬7HET¬THEIR¬INTEREST¬IN¬UPCOMING¬ TRANSMISSIONS¬OF¬4HE¬-ET¬,IVE¬IN¬($ ¬ !S¬4RACK¬¬BEGINS¬$ON¬*OSϬHAS¬JUST¬ARRIVED¬AT¬THE¬TAVERN¬AFTER¬BEING¬RELEASED¬ %ACH¬FOCUSES¬ON¬AUDIO¬SELECTIONS¬FROM¬ #ARMEN¬AVAILABLE¬ONLINE¬AT¬WWW METOPERAORGEDUCATION¬OR¬ON¬THE¬ ACCOMPANYING¬#$¬!LL¬FOUR¬ACTIVITIES¬ USE¬REPRODUCIBLES¬FOUND¬AT¬THE¬BACK¬ OF¬THIS¬GUIDE¬ 4HESE¬hMINILESSONSv¬WILL¬IN¬PRACTICE¬ TAKE¬UP¬NO¬MORE¬THAN¬A¬FEW¬MINUTES¬ OF¬CLASS¬TIME¬4HEYRE¬DESIGNED¬TO¬HELP¬ YOU¬BRING¬OPERA¬INTO¬YOUR¬CLASSROOM¬ WHILE¬MINIMIZING¬INTERRUPTION¬OF¬YOUR¬ ONGOING¬CURRICULAR¬SEQUENCE¬&EEL¬FREE¬ TO¬USE¬AS¬MANY¬AS¬YOU¬LIKE FROM¬THE¬GUARDHOUSE¬(ES¬JEALOUS¬BECAUSE¬#ARMEN¬HAS¬BEEN¬DANCING¬FOR¬OTHER¬ MEN¬3O¬TAKING¬CENTER¬STAGE¬SHE¬DECIDES¬TO¬DO¬A¬BIT¬OF¬hPRIVATE¬DANCINGv¬FOR¬HIM¬ ACCOMPANYING¬HERSELF¬WITH¬WORDLESS¬SONG¬AND¬CASTANETS¬ ¬ )N¬THE¬MIDDLE¬OF¬HER¬DANCE¬A¬VERY¬DIFFERENT¬INSTRUMENT¬IS¬HEARD¬IN¬THE¬DISTANCE¬ PROVIDING¬A¬COUNTERPOINT¬TO¬THE¬SOUND¬OF¬THE¬CASTANETS¬MILITARY¬TRUMPETS¬OR¬ BUGLES¬#ARMEN¬CONTINUES¬TO¬DANCE¬BUT¬THE¬BUGLES¬DISTURB¬*OSϬ4HEY¬REMIND¬HIM¬ OF¬HIS¬COMMITMENTS¬AND¬OF¬A¬LIFE¬INCOMPATIBLE¬WITH¬HIS¬LOVE¬FOR¬#ARMEN¬(E¬INTER RUPTS¬HER¬!S¬THE¬SPOTLIGHT¬TURNS¬TO¬*OSÏS¬CONCERNS¬TRUMPETS¬BLARING¬"IZET¬SILENCES¬ #ARMENS¬CASTANETS¬4HE¬LOVERS¬QUARREL¬THAT¬FOLLOWS¬SEEMS¬TO¬TAKE¬PLACE¬ON¬*OSÏS¬ TERMS¬ACCOMPANIED¬ONLY¬BY¬BUGLES ¬ 4HEN¬IN¬4RACK¬¬WHICH¬FOLLOWS¬DIRECTLY¬#ARMEN¬DANCES¬TO¬THE¬BUGLE¬CALLS¬ CLICKING¬HER¬CASTANETS¬ONCE¬MORE¬RECLAIMING¬OUR¬ATTENTION¬!GAIN¬"IZET¬WEAVES¬ THE¬TWO¬SOUNDS¬TOGETHER¬"UT¬AGAIN¬*OSϬINTERRUPTS¬AND¬THE¬FOCUS¬SWIFTLY¬SHIFTS¬ (E¬IS¬WORRIED¬AND¬NEEDS¬TO¬GET¬BACK¬TO¬THE¬BASE¬#ASTANETS¬SO¬CHARACTERISTIC¬FOR¬ #ARMEN¬ARE¬ABSENT¬FROM¬THE¬SCORE¬AS¬THE¬SCENE¬COMES¬TO¬AN¬END ¬ "Y¬USING¬TWO¬SUCH¬DIFFERENT¬INSTRUMENTS¬ASSOCIATING¬EACH¬ONE¬NOT¬ONLY¬WITH¬A¬ CHARACTER¬BUT¬WITH¬THE¬CHARACTERS¬STATE¬OF¬MIND¬AT¬A¬PARTICULAR¬MOMENT¬"IZET¬USES¬ A¬COMPOSITIONAL¬TECHNIQUE¬TO¬ENHANCE¬LISTENERS¬UNDERSTANDING¬OF¬THE¬CHARACTERS¬ THEIR¬RELATIONSHIPS¬AND¬THE¬DRAMATIC¬SITUATION Castanets are a percussion instrument commonly used in Spanish folk dance. 6ey consist of a pair of cup-shaped wooden clappers resting on the palm of each hand, loosely held in place by a string looped over the thumb. 6ey’re clicked rhythmically by either the dancer or an accompanying singer. Several videos showing castanets in use are available at youtube.com. \ ¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4 4ELLING¬&ORTUNES¬ !¬#LOSE¬,OOK¬AT¬THE¬%MOTIONAL¬)MPACT¬OF¬-ULTIPLE¬6OICES )N¬A¬PLAY¬OR¬A¬MOVIE¬THREE¬CHARACTERS¬SPEAKING¬AT¬ONCE¬WOULD¬CREATE¬CONFUSION¬ )N¬OPERA¬THREE¬CHARACTERS¬SINGING¬IN¬HARMONY¬CAN¬SIMULTANEOUSLY¬COMMUNICATE¬ MULTIPLE¬POINTS¬OF¬VIEW¬AND¬EMOTIONS¬AS¬IN¬THE¬CASE¬OF¬4RACKS¬¬THROUGH¬ ¬ 4RACK¬¬lNDS¬#ARMENS¬FRIENDS¬-ERCÏDÒS¬AND¬&RASQUITA¬PASSING¬THE¬TIME¬AT¬ THE¬SMUGGLERS¬MOUNTAIN¬HIDEAWAY¬BY¬TELLING¬THEIR¬FORTUNES¬WITH¬A¬DECK¬OF¬CARDS¬ "IZET¬PROVIDES¬A¬PEPPY¬MELODY¬WOODWINDS¬AND¬STRINGS¬RESPONDING¬TO¬THE¬GYPSY¬ WOMENS¬SONG¬AS¬THEY¬lND¬AUGURIES¬OF¬FORTUNE¬AND¬LOVE ¬ 4RACK¬¬OVERLAPS¬SLIGHTLY¬WITH¬4RACK¬¬IN¬ORDER¬TO¬ILLUSTRATE¬HOW¬"IZET¬MAKES¬THE¬ TRANSITION¬FROM¬-ERCÏDÒS¬AND¬&RASQUITAS¬FORTUNETELLING¬TO¬#ARMENS¬!S¬#ARMEN¬ TAKES¬THE¬CARDS¬THE¬MUSIC¬TAKES¬ON¬A¬DARKER¬TONE¬9OU¬MAY¬WANT¬TO¬PAUSE¬AT¬THIS¬ POINT¬AND¬HAVE¬YOUR¬STUDENTS¬GUESS¬WHAT¬#ARMENS¬CARDS¬WILL¬FORETELL ¬ #ARMENS¬FATE¬AS¬TOLD¬BY¬THE¬CARDS¬IS¬REVEALED¬IN¬4RACK¬ITS¬DEATH¬FOR¬BOTH¬ HER¬AND¬*OSÏ ¬ )N¬4RACK¬¬A¬FEW¬MINUTES¬LATER¬IN¬THE¬STORY¬#ARMEN¬REmECTS¬ON¬THE¬IRREFUTABILITY¬ OF¬THE¬CARDS¬$EATH¬COMES¬UP¬AGAIN¬AND¬AGAIN¬SHE¬DISCOVERS¬SHIFTING¬THE¬MOOD¬AS¬ FAR¬AS¬CAN¬BE¬FROM¬-ERCÏDÒS¬AND¬&RASQUITAS¬EARLIER¬CHIRPY¬CONVERSATION ¬ 5NTIL¬THIS¬POINT¬"IZET¬HAS¬KEPT¬HIS¬HAPPY¬FORTUNETELLERS¬MUSICALLY¬APART¬FROM¬ THE¬UNFORTUNATE¬#ARMEN¬(IS¬STRATEGY¬CHANGES¬INSTANTANEOUSLY¬WITH¬WHAT¬WE¬HEAR¬ IN¬4RACK¬¬.O¬SOONER¬HAS¬#ARMEN¬WAILED¬h!LWAYS¬DEATHv¬THAN¬-ERCÏDÒS¬AND¬ &RASQUITA¬PICK¬UP¬THEIR¬MERRY¬TUNE¬"IZET¬RAISES¬THE¬STAKES¬PULLING¬THE¬CONTRASTING¬ THEMES¬TOGETHER ¬ 4HE¬FORTUNETELLING¬SCENE¬DEMONSTRATES¬HOW¬A¬COMPOSER¬CAN¬DEPLOY¬VOCAL¬ PARTS¬AS¬BOTH¬MELODIES¬AND¬HARMONIES¬TO¬DEPICT¬COMPLEX¬CONSTELLATIONS¬OF¬ FEELING¬7HEN¬THE¬PARTS¬ARE¬HEARD¬SEPARATELY¬SEQUENTIALLY¬THEY¬ENABLE¬LISTENERS¬TO¬ SHARE¬AND¬TO¬DISTINGUISH¬AMONG¬THE¬SINGERS¬THOUGHTS¬AND¬EMOTIONS¬7HEN¬HEARD¬ TOGETHER¬IN¬A¬MANNER¬UNAVAILABLE¬TO¬OTHER¬ART¬FORMS¬THE¬MULTIPLE¬VOICES¬EXPRESS¬A¬ TROUBLING¬MIX¬OF¬EMOTIONS¬#ARMEN¬IS¬TERRIlED¬OF¬HER¬FATE¬HER¬FRIENDS¬LOOK¬FORWARD¬ TO¬BRIGHT¬FUTURESAND¬"IZETS¬MUSIC¬CONVEYS¬THE¬COMPLEXITY¬OF¬THE¬SITUATION \ ¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4 0OWER¬TO¬THE¬0EOPLE¬ !¬#LOSE¬,OOK¬AT¬6ERISMO !T¬ITS¬WORLD¬PREMIERE¬IN¬0ARIS¬IN¬¬#ARMEN¬WAS¬NOT¬WELL¬RECEIVED¬IN¬PART¬DUE¬ TO¬"IZETS¬GROUNDBREAKING¬DEPICTION¬OF¬COMMON¬WORKINGCLASS¬PEOPLE¬7ITHIN¬ THE¬FOLLOWING¬TWO¬DECADES¬OPERAS¬DEALING¬WITH¬TALES¬OF¬EVERYDAY¬LIFE¬SUCH¬AS¬ ,EONCAVALLOS¬0AGLIACCI¬OR¬0UCCINIS¬,A¬"OHÒME¬WOULD¬NOT¬ONLY¬BECOME¬POPULAR¬ THEY¬WOULD¬BE¬REGARDED¬AS¬A¬DISTINCT¬NEW¬OPERATIC¬GENRE¬KNOWN¬AS¬VERISMO¬OR¬ hREALISMv¬FEATURING¬THE¬TRAGIC¬PASSIONATE¬AND¬OFTEN¬VIOLENT¬LIVES¬OF¬THE¬NOT¬SO¬RICH¬ AND¬FAMOUS &5.¬&!#4¬Among the ¬ )N¬#ARMEN¬"IZETS¬PROTAGONISTS¬ARE¬A¬SPORADICALLY¬EMPLOYED¬GYPSY¬GIRL¬AND¬A¬ aspects of Carmen that upset early audiences were its unhappy ending, the smoking of cigarettes onstage, and what critics called its lack of melody— which would surprise anyone today who recognizes the Habanera or the toreador song! 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