CHAPTER 3 SEC 1
England & Its Colonies
US 1
Main Idea & Why It Matters
—  England and its largely self-governing colonies
prospered under a mutually beneficial trade
relationship
—  Why It Matters:
—  The colonial system of self-governing colonies was
the forerunner of our modern system of self
governing states.
Terms & Names
—  Mercantilism
—  Parliament
—  Navigation Acts
—  Glorious Revolution
—  Salutary neglect
One’s American Story
—  Read ‘One American’s Story’ pg. 66.
—  Personal Voice: Eliza Lucas Pinckney
—  “We please ourselves with the prospect of exporting in a few
years a good quantity from hence, and supplying our mother
country (Great Britain) with manufacture for which she has so
great a demand. . . “
—  Who was Eliza Lucas Pinckney?
—  How did Eliza and most colonists living in the American colonies feel
about their mother country Great Britain?
—  Why were the colonies responsible for governing themselves? (Why did
England, a monarchy, let their 13 American colonies govern
themselves?)
—  What effect did self-government have on colonists?
England and Its Colonies
—  Mercantilism
-  What is Mercantilism?:
-  AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS INCREASE
THEIR WEALTH & POWER BY OBTAINING GOLD, SILVER, &
RAW MATERIALS
-  What role did the American colonies play in mercantilism?
-  SUPPLIED RAW MATERIALS TO MOTHER COUNTRY
BOUGHT PRODUCTS FROM ENGLAND
-  Balance of Trade:
-  MORE GOODS ARE EXPORTED THAN IMPORTED - A
FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE INCREASES PROFIT
The Navigation Acts
-  What were the Navigation Acts?
-  LAWS CREATED BY PARLIAMENT TO STOP COLONISTS
FROM TRADING PRECIOUS ‘RAW MATERIALS’ TO
COUNTRIES OTHER THAN ENGLAND
-  Goods had to be shipped in colonial or English ships
-  Ship crews had to be at least ¾ colonial or English
-  Certain products could only be exported to England
-  All goods traded to Europe must pass through an English
port
-  Why would England impose the acts on their own colonies
-  ENSURE ALL RAW MATERIALS FROM AMERICA GO
DIRECTLY TO ENGLAND SO ENGLAND COULD PROFIT
FROM COLONISTS
Navigation Acts (continued)
How did the Navigation Acts benefit England?
ONLY ENGLAND COULD ACQUIRE RAW MATERIALS FROM
AMERICA, TURN THEM INTO PRODUCTS, & SELL THEM TO
THE REST OF THE WORLD.
ENGLAND MADE ALL THE MONEY, WHILE THE COLONIES
PROVIDED ALL THE MATERIALS.
What raw materials did North America have?
TENSIONS EMERGE
How did some of the colonists respond to the Navigation
Acts?
NEW ENGLAND COLONISTS WERE OUTRAGED
(WHY?)
NEW ENGLAND MERCHANTS REFUSED TO OBEY THE
NAVIGATION ACTS IN NEW ENGLAND (WHY/HOW?)
HOWEVER, THE NAVIGATION ACTS HELPED NEW
ENGLAND BECOME ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESFUL
SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRIES IN THE WORLD.
Dominion of New England
King James, in order to assert greater control:
- Revoked corporate charters
- Consolidated all of the northern colonies into the Dominion of
New England
- The Dominion included the land from southern Maine to New Jersey
- Sir Edmund Andros was appointed to rule the Dominion
- Questioned lawfulness of Puritan religion
- Strictly enforced Navigation Acts and prosecuted smugglers
- Restricted local assemblies
- Levied taxes without input from local leaders
THE GLORIOUS
REVOLUTION
—  King James (Catholic) vs. Parliament (Protestant)
What happened in England?
PARLIAMENT (PROTESTANT) PASSED A SERIES OF LAWS THAT
GAVE IT (PARLIAMENT) AUTHORITY OVER THE KING (CATHOLIC)
CATHOLIC KING JAMES LEFT THRONE
Who were William & Mary and how did they end up becoming King &
Queen of England?
MARY WAS KING JAMES’ PROTESTANT DAUGHTER & WILLIAM
WAS HER HUSBAND
PARLIAMENT INVITED WILLIAM & MARY TO RULE ENGLAN
What happened to Sir Edmund Andros?
COLONISTS ARRESTED ANDROS & HIS ROYAL COUNCILORS
ENGLAND LOOSENS
REIGN
Why did ENGLAND decide to concentrate on France rather than on making sure
colonists perform their duties?
England and France were competing for control of Europe.
Salutary Neglect
ON PAPER, SALUTARY NEGLECT SEEMED LIKE IT INCREASED CONTROL
OVER COLONIES
PARLIAMENT STRENGTHENED NAVIGATION ACTS EVEN THOUGH
ENGLAND SEEMED TO INCREASE CONTROL, IT ACTUALLY LOOSENED IT!
ENGLISH OFFICIALS ONLY LIGHTLY ENFORCED THE NEW MEASURES
ENGLAND RELAXED ITS ENFORCEMENT OVER THE COLONIES IN RETURN
FOR ECONOMIC LOYALTY TO ENGLAND
The Seeds of Self-Government
How did Salutary Neglect help the colonies create their
own government?
-  Representative government.
-  Colonial governors, appointed by the king, were not
as powerful as they might seem.
-  Colonial assemblies used their voting power and
control over salary to influence the governor in a
variety of ways, from the approval of laws to the
appointment of judges.
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
—  THE KING
—  ROYAL GOVERNOR: Appointed by King – served as
highest authority in the colony
—  Powers: call and disband assembly; appoint &
dismiss judges, oversee all aspects of colonial trade
—  COUNCIL: Advisory council appointed by the
Governor
—  COLONIAL ASSEMBLY: Local assembly elected by
eligible colonists (land-owning white men)