Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert and Analysis Service
Best Practices, Strategies, and Recommendations
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION: ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
UNDERSTANDING THE SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠ ALERT AND ANALYSIS SERVICE: ....................................... 5
Alert Console...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Incidents and Reports Portal .............................................................................................................................. 5
Comprehensive Deployment Plan ...................................................................................................................... 6
Program Approach ............................................................................................................................................. 6
PROGRAM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................... 8
PROGRAM PURPOSE AND FOCUS: ................................................................................................................... 8
Awareness ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Response ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Consequence ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
ORGANIZATIONAL AND COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND PREPAREDNESS: ............................................... 9
INCREASING THE CAPACITY TO ADDRESS ILLEGAL GUNFIRE AND VIOLENCE: ........................................ 9
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT:.............................................................................................................................. 9
MAXIMIZING USE OF SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠: ................................................................................................. 10
INSTITUTIONALIZATION: ................................................................................................................................... 10
GOVERNANCE AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................. 11
COLLABORATION AND INCLUSION: ................................................................................................................. 12
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES .............................................................................................................................. 13
TRAINING ................................................................................................................................................................ 13
CONDUCT ANNUAL REFRESHER TRAINING: .................................................................................................. 13
PROVIDE TACTICAL RESPONSE TRAINING: ................................................................................................... 14
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER TRAINING: .................................................................................................. 14
DEVELOP SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠ FIELD TRAINING COMPONENTS: ............................................................ 14
PROVIDE SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠ TRAINING DESIGNED FOR ENTRY-LEVEL DISPATCHERS: .................. 14
CONDUCT SHIFT CHANGE (LINE UP OR ROLL CALL) TRAINING: ................................................................. 14
MAINTAINING TRAINING DOCUMENTATION: .................................................................................................. 14
DAILY OPERATIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 15
DISPATCH: .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Quick Acknowledgement and Dispatch ............................................................................................................ 16
Handle as Serious Crime “In Progress” – High Priority .................................................................................... 16
Dispatch to the Dot........................................................................................................................................... 16
Note Extraordinary Circumstances and Notify Responding Units .................................................................... 17
Specific Call Designation for ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alerts ..................................................................................... 17
Log Flex and CAD ID Numbers for Cross-Referencing Information ................................................................. 17
Disposition Codes ............................................................................................................................................ 17
“Flag” Confirmed Shooting Locations in CAD System ...................................................................................... 18
Reclassifying Incidents ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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PATROL: .............................................................................................................................................................. 18
General Response ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Responding to the Dot ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Crime Scene Management............................................................................................................................... 19
Reviewing Alerts .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Flag Locations .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Watch Commander Monitoring......................................................................................................................... 21
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION: ............................................................................................................. 21
Training and Access to Forensic Data ............................................................................................................. 21
Crime Scene Investigation ............................................................................................................................... 22
Detailed Forensic Reports ................................................................................................................................ 22
Charge and Prosecution Enhancements .......................................................................................................... 22
Designated Case Management and Vertical Prosecution ................................................................................ 22
Cross-Referencing ShotSpotter Flex℠ Data ..................................................................................................... 23
Investigator’s Handbook ................................................................................................................................... 23
CRIME ANALYSIS AND INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING ..................................................................................... 24
RESOURCE ALLOCATION: ................................................................................................................................ 25
DATA DRIVEN POLICING: .................................................................................................................................. 25
SPECIFIC STRATEGIES FOR THE USE OF SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠ .................................................................. 26
STRATEGIC INTEGRATED INFORMATION CENTERS:.................................................................................... 26
PROBATION AND PAROLE OPERATIONS:....................................................................................................... 26
RAPID RESPONSE OPERATIONS: .................................................................................................................... 26
USE OF AERIAL ASSETS: .................................................................................................................................. 27
DAILY FOLLOW-UP BY PATROL TEAMS, DIRECTED PATROL, GANG ENFORCEMENT:............................. 27
OFFENDER NOTIFICATION PROGRAM: ........................................................................................................... 28
NUISANCE ABATEMENTS: ................................................................................................................................ 28
HIGH-CAPACITY FIREARMS TRACKING: ......................................................................................................... 28
POST NEW YEAR’S EVE AND FOURTH OF JULY ANALYSIS: ........................................................................ 28
COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 30
INITIAL DEPLOYMENT ANNOUNCEMENT AND MEDIA RELEASE: ................................................................ 30
OMNIPRESENCE AS A DETERRENT: ............................................................................................................... 30
AWARENESS AND PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS: .............................................................................................. 30
COMMUNITY FORUMS:...................................................................................................................................... 31
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER: .................................................................................................................... 31
SAMPLE POLICY AND PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................... 32
ILLEGAL GUNFIRE OFFENDER NOTIFICATION PROGRAM ............................................................................... 36
SAMPLE NOTIFICATION CARD ......................................................................................................................... 36
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As gun-related violence continues to plague communities across the country, cities and public-safety
agencies are looking for ways to directly reduce such crime. The SST, Inc. ShotSpotter Flex℠ Gunfire
Alert and Analysis Service has become a tremendous tool for agencies in their enforcement efforts to
curb violent crime—specifically, crimes related to guns and gunfire. The implementation and use of
ShotSpotter Flex℠ changes the way law enforcement agencies respond to and investigate gunfirerelated incidents. In order to accomplish this evolution, new strategies, tactics, and procedures need
to be developed and implemented. A comprehensive deployment plan, thorough follow through, and
the adoption of “Best Practices” are critical elements necessary for agencies to achieve the maximum
use and benefits of ShotSpotter Flex℠.
The responsibility and process for addressing and reducing gun-related violence in any community
does not lie with one element of a law enforcement agency. Instead, the issues related to responding
to, investigating, and effectively suppressing such crime rests with many areas of an agency. While an
immediate response to an exact location of gunfire creates a tremendous opportunity to apprehend a
suspect, confiscate an illegal weapon, or save a life; the investigation of the incident and collection of
evidence are just as critical in the apprehension and prosecution of offenders. The strategic use of
information gathered by ShotSpotter Flex℠, combined with other community and departmental
“tools,” can assist law enforcement agencies and managers in maximizing resources, focusing on
specific high-crime areas, and employing problem-solving strategies. ShotSpotter Flex℠ is a
comprehensive tool that various units of a law enforcement agency can use, collectively effecting the
reduction of gun-related violent crime.
This Best Practices, Strategies and Recommendations manual is intended as a reference source during
both the implementation and deployment phases of the ShotSpotter Flex℠ Program. It is the
culmination of many years of scientific research, decades of practical law enforcement experience,
and recommendations from agencies that have realized successes by utilizing ShotSpotter Flex℠. It
details specific policies, procedures, strategies, and ideas that, when implemented, can bring about a
significant reduction in gunfire-related incidents.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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INTRODUCTION
The ShotSpotter Flex℠ Gunshot Alert and Analysis Service (Flex) is a gunfire alert and analysis solution
that combines wide-area acoustic surveillance with centralized cloud-based analysis to provide a
solution that is both efficient and effective. ShotSpotter Flex℠ uses multiple collaborative acoustic
sensors that activate when gunfire occurs, providing comprehensive outdoor coverage over complex
urban geographies.
When gunfire occurs outdoors, ShotSpotter Flex℠ sensors and software triangulate and within a
matter of seconds pinpoint the precise location of each round fired. Detailed incident data is
immediately sent to the SST Incident Review Center—a secure data processing and alert qualification
facility. An SST gunfire and acoustic expert analyzes the data, qualifies the incident, and sends a
validated alert to the dispatch center or other Public Safety Answer Point (PSAP) and directly to
mobile and field personnel.
When ShotSpotter Flex℠ is combined with specific best-practice policies and procedures; it becomes
more than a hardware, software, and services solution. It is a comprehensive tool that can be used to
reduce gunfire in a community, subsequently reducing violent crime associated with gunfire.
UNDERSTANDING THE SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠ ALERT AND ANALYSIS SERVICE:
The ShotSpotter Flex℠ Service is a web-based application that notifies designated users of the
occurrence and location of shots fired. The system is comprised of two separate and distinct
components: 1) the “Alert Console” and 2) the “Incidents and Reports Portal.”
Alert Console
The Alert Console (AC) is designed to notify dispatch personnel and field responders of gunfire-related
incidents when they occur. Typically, these responders would include telecommunications personnel,
patrol officers, special enforcement teams, and any other law enforcement members or units in need
of immediate notification.
Incidents and Reports Portal
The Incidents & Reports Portal (IRP) is designed to store information and data pertaining to each
gunfire and non-gunfire related incident captured by the system. This data can be retrieved,
exported, analyzed and used for both “tactical” and “strategic” purposes.
Tactical Use
The daily operational, or “tactical,” use of the data typically includes users of the following groups that
include responders and others who will utilize the information for investigative purposes:





Dispatch
Patrol
Special Enforcement Units
Watch Commanders
Supervisors
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations


Crime Investigators
Crime Analysts
Strategic Use
The strategic use of retrieved data and information on gunfire-related incidents would normally be
utilized by the following groups:







Crime Analysis
Investigations
Intelligence-led or Strategic Meeting approach
Fusion Center Ops
Dispatch
Command Staff
Prosecutors
The IRP is used to retrieve and save audio recordings, incident details, and information about
individual and cumulative incidents. The retrieved data can then be used in identifying crime patterns
and trends and planning the deployment of resources for the prevention and suppression of gunfirerelated activity. The IRP is used to create and print single incident and cumulative incidents reports.
Data can easily be exported into many common analysis programs for review.
Comprehensive Deployment Plan
The Alert Console and the Incidents & Reports Portal are web-based and can easily be deployed
throughout an organization and to outside agencies. Access to the system can be given to any unit or
person identified as needing the data and information with no additional licensing costs. Therefore, a
comprehensive deployment plan should be developed and incorporated into the overall collaborative
effort to identify and reduce illegal gunfire and associated violence.
Program Approach
The implementation of a ShotSpotter Flex℠ program introduces innovation and new ways of
addressing illegal gunfire and violent crime. Experience has shown that the best way, or process, to
introduce and implement new technologies, policies, and procedures to an organization is by
developing and implementing a comprehensive department-wide program. When deployed
comprehensively, several units and user groups within and outside of the agency can play a part in the
overall effort to address illegal gunfire. These efforts will take a degree of coordination and
communication. Policies, procedures, responsibilities, goals, and various program components will
need to be identified and implemented. The development of a program, as a means to accomplish the
end results, can create structure, accountability, minimize the possibility of confusion and individual
interpretation about what to do, and help keep the overall effort working in the same direction,
thereby assuring the maximum use and benefit of the ShotSpotter Flex℠ data.
Many law enforcement agencies have experienced an increase in crime and have developed and
implemented an enforcement response to address those issues. Typically, law enforcement agencies
identify a problem, develop a response strategy, and apply resources to address the problem. Once
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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the problem is resolved, they move on to new issues and problems. This response is usually sufficient
in quelling problems and often results in a temporary reduction of the illegal activity. In many cases
however little infrastructure, resources, and policy changes were made to prevent the recurrence of
problems.
This Gunfire and Violence Reduction Program proposal is intended to help identify those strategies,
procedures, and collaborations that can be forged into a comprehensive program that would benefit
the agency and the community. This program can address the immediate crime issues and establish
support and follow-up programs that can strengthen and maintain the effort to reduce illegal gunfire
and associated violent crime. The following program outline is presented here for the general purpose
as a starting point. Every law enforcement organization will need to evaluate their needs, capacity,
goals, and develop more specific plans. However, this program proposal has shown to be an effective
guideline for developing a comprehensive violence reduction program and creating infrastructure that
supports long term sustainment.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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PROGRAM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM PURPOSE AND FOCUS:
This program development plan is designed on the simple continuum of Awareness, Response, and
Consequence.
Awareness
Gunfire-related deaths and injuries are top priorities in every agency, yet this is simply the tip of the
iceberg in terms of illegal gunfire. The ShotSpotter Flex℠ solution provides agencies with information
on all gunfire in a targeted area—even incidents that are not reported. Having knowledge of and data
pertaining to all incidents opens the door for increased response and consequences.
Response
With the increased awareness and understanding of the gunfire problem, the opportunity arises for
agencies to collaborate with both internal and external entities that should and need to be part of the
solution effort. Leveraging resources and developing a comprehensive and collaborative response
approach are the foundation needed for a program to result in a systematic and thorough change.
Consequence
There must be some degree of accountability and consequences attached with illegal gunfire-related
activity. These consequences can range from as little as weapon confiscation or fine to a more serious
form of punishment, like federal incarceration. The higher-level violations and punishment are
somewhat effective measure; but far too many acts of illegal gunfire go unnoticed and unrestrained—
mainly due to an increasingly complacent public that are accustomed to hearing gunfire and fail to
report the incidents.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
ORGANIZATIONAL AND COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND PREPAREDNESS:
To begin the process of developing and implementing a Gunfire and Violent Crime Reduction Program,
agencies must develop a full understanding of the baseline readiness of the agency and community.
This requires a thorough analysis of the existing gun violence problem within the agency’s jurisdiction
in order to develop a program specifically tailored to the unique needs of the community. Various
factors to be taken into consideration including the following:

Assessing the level of violent crime in the community, both in volume and type of crime.

Determining whether or not crime is localized.

Understanding the level of community resignation and tolerance toward violent crime and the
factors that contribute to it.

Identifying available resources and determining whether or not they can be leveraged as part
of a multi-point approach toward the reduction of violent crime.
INCREASING THE CAPACITY TO ADDRESS ILLEGAL GUNFIRE AND VIOLENCE:
Law enforcement agencies nationwide are being tasked to “do more with less.” This creates a real
challenge but, at the same time, some positive opportunities. Best practices and proven results in
many jurisdictions have shown that when law enforcement resources and efforts are combined and
leveraged appropriately with the use of community, political, and judicial resources, the result is a
positive and synergistic effect that improves the agency’s abilities to address the problem of gun
violence.
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT:
Incorporating SST’s ShotSpotter Flex℠ service with existing and new community-policing initiatives has
greatly improved relations and confidence between law enforcement and local communities
worldwide. Intelligence and actionable gunfire data provided by ShotSpotter Flex℠ allows agencies to
respond faster and more consistently to illegal gunfire incidents, which plays a large role in gaining
support of the community. Public safety agencies can leverage existing community partnerships and
establish new joint ventures to strengthen this effort.
As part of a Gunfire and Violent Crime Reduction Program, an emphasis should be placed on
improving the safety in areas where there may be high concentrations of people congregating; such as
parks, schools, shopping centers, and other locations. Community forums and seasonal “No Gunfire”
campaigns are used to create action and gain support from communities in no longer tolerating
violent crime and the illegal use of guns. Ultimately, the goal is for law enforcement agencies and
communities to work together and effectively establish “Zero Tolerance” policies toward illegal
gunfire and violent crime. In a sense, this is the people taking back the sanctity of their communities
with the help and authority of law enforcement.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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MAXIMIZING USE OF SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠:
Focus in this step is on the effective use of the ShotSpotter Flex℠ solution and the actionable incident
data produced by the system. Internal law enforcement procedures and policies are established to
help your agency maximize the use of the mission-critical data provided by ShotSpotter Flex℠.
“Dispatch” and “Patrol” response protocols are established, along with the implementation of specific
strategies, to optimize incident response times and ensure the safety of responding officers. In
addition to helping officers respond faster and safer to gunfire incidents, SST’s gunshot alert and
analysis technology enhances follow-up investigations and prosecutions of illegal gunfire incidents.
The information acquired from ShotSpotter Flex℠ can be examined, collated and used for tactical
short-term and strategic long-term enforcement actions. The comprehensive deployment of
ShotSpotter Flex℠ and its data throughout a law enforcement agency, coupled with the incorporation
of the incident data into the crime analysis and strategic response process, ensures the timely
availability of actionable information for various units within the agency and externally to
prosecutorial teams.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION:
The overall goal of a Gunfire and Violent Crime Reduction Program is to alter the culture and
occurrence of violence in the community. Many jurisdictions and law enforcement agencies have
attained early positive results from their use of SST’s gunshot detection technology. Continued
emphasis on developing and adhering to the program’s established policies and procedures is an
important component of ensuring the program’s continued success. Emphasis on this component of
the program will be to identify and create policies that “institutionalize” a new way of addressing
illegal gunfire and associated violence. Elements such as regular program evaluation, future funding
opportunities, and effective program management should be examined and discussed, in an effort to
achieve long-term program success.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
GOVERNANCE AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Achieving the best possible success with ShotSpotter Flex℠ programs requires two critical and
interrelated processes for success. The first is “leadership,” which involves formulating a clear charter
of purpose and the adoption of operating principles that assure strategic alignment and proper
oversight of program elements. The second is “management,” which includes the daily inspection and
control of the system and a periodic review of the established policies and procedures, ensuring they
continue to be up to date and relevant.
Leadership and corresponding management involvement in the initial kickoff and rollout phase is
critical. The greatest successes are realized when all stakeholders understand the need for the
ShotSpotter Flex℠ service and have a clear understanding of the system’s capabilities. In other words,
the rollout of the service must include clear and broad communication about the problems Flex is
intended to address and how the agency intends to utilize the program.
While program managers overseeing implementation of the Flex service may not have line authority
over every program component, it is important that they maximize communication and oversee
coordination between units that are usually dispersed organizationally and situated within different
chains of command.
The manager’s agenda includes a number of activities or functional areas that collectively make up the
program’s operating practices. It is the seamless integration of these practices that leads to success.










Project Review and Development of Best Practices and Policies
Organizational Placement and Authority
Program Evaluation (Performance Metrics)
Tactical Field Response Procedures
Dispatch Center Procedures
Training (Both Initial and Ongoing)
Crime Analysis – Use of ShotSpotter Flex℠ Analytics
Support of Criminal Investigations
Community Awareness and Involvement
Media Relations
The purpose of oversight is two-fold. The first is to ensure accountability, which means each program
element operates in accordance with established policies and procedures. The second reason is to
ensure effectiveness, which means the program—both in terms of its separate, interconnected
elements and its results—is evaluated frequently to make certain it is contributing to the reduction of
random gunfire and violent gun crimes.
Because sound program governance is so vital to success, it is imperative that a single point of contact
be established and clearly communicated to all stakeholders. This person will initiate and oversee
program implementation and operations.
The first decisions of consequence are where to place the program within the agency’s organizational
structure and who will be the designated point of contact. The best practice is to place program
governance as close to the level of execution as possible. If program elements are widely dispersed
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
and unity of purpose and command is weak, fragmented efforts will result. The fallout will be poor
communication, lack of coordination, diminished accountability, inferior oversight and reduced
effectiveness.
Location in and of itself, however, is not enough. The individual charged with program governance
must have real authority to oversee and shape program operations. The program manager, especially
if he or she is a staff officer, must be sensitive to operational realities and requirements and possess
advanced collaborative and negotiation skills. Given that program functions and responsibilities will
be dispersed organizationally to some degree, the ability to work effectively across departmental lines
is another important prerequisite.
COLLABORATION AND INCLUSION:
It is important to identify every unit and section within the agency that can use and benefit from the
ShotSpotter Flex℠ alerts and data. Critical units such as narcotics enforcement and gang
investigations are often overlooked when deploying the ShotSpotter Flex℠ service. Clearly, these
units have an interest in where and when illegal gunfire is occurring. Often, they possess valuable
information that correlates with the gunfire and can use the information in their investigations.
Likewise, there are many resources outside of the law enforcement agency that can and should be
identified and incorporated into a comprehensive and strategic gunfire reduction effort, or program.
Opportunities will exist for federal law enforcement agencies to become involved and should be part
of the larger collaborative effort. There are also other local law enforcement agencies that can be
included in the overall effort. These agencies include school district police, adjacent police
departments, county law enforcement agencies, and other specialized police agencies. All can benefit
from being included in a collaborative overall effort.
Additionally, every community has resources and programs that exist where ShotSpotter Flex℠ can be
used. These resources may be gang-intervention programs, faith-based support groups, school-based
support programs, and neighborhood-rejuvenation groups. There will be times when ShotSpotter
Flex℠ information can be worked into their activities to bolster their efforts.
It is best to include these internal and external resources in the overall illegal gunfire and violent
crime reduction effort. The ShotSpotter Flex℠ solution can be the means by which to draw these
resources together, working toward a common goal.
Access to the ShotSpotter Flex℠ service is easily attained since it is a web based solution. It can be
installed wherever it is determined to be needed and can be set up to operating on a limited basis or
on an as-needed basis.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Departmental policies and procedures should be developed and established that are clear in their
direction, have specific role responsibilities, and include accountability for the proper use of
ShotSpotter Flex℠. Beyond the use of Flex, these policies should clearly convey that the effort is an
agency-wide commitment to reducing illegal gunfire and violence, not just a responsibility for
specialized units. A sample Policy and Procedure is included with this document (Exhibit A) and is
based on standards presented to the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies
(CALEA).
TRAINING
There are several categories of end users groups within an agency’s ShotSpotter Flex℠ service, each
requiring varying degrees of both general and specialized training:






Dispatchers and Call-Takers
Field Personnel (Includes Specialized Units)
Law Enforcement Commanders
Investigators
Crime Analysts
Community Service Officers
While a general understanding of the overall ShotSpotter Flex℠ service is necessary for all personnel,
each specific end user group should receive specialized training and written materials to aid them in
their use of ShotSpotter Flex℠ and support the program overall. Once initial ShotSpotter Flex℠ and
corresponding program training is complete, it is the responsibility of agency supervisors and program
managers to regularly assess the competency of their personnel regarding performance and
determine if periodic refresher training is necessary. Patrol Sergeants play one of the most critical
roles in this area.
Initial user training upon the deployment of a new ShotSpotter Flex℠ service, should include all end
user groups and supporting personnel to establish a strong foundation for organization-wide support.
After the completion of the initial training, end users should be regularly tested on key training issues
and their completion of the training should be appropriately documented in personnel training files.
CONDUCT ANNUAL REFRESHER TRAINING:
ShotSpotter Flex℠ refresher training should be administered annually. Refresher training is necessary
to not only reinforce initial training but to also introduce new system features. Additionally, trainers
can share techniques and tactics that have been developed internally or by other law enforcement
agencies, which represent “Best Practices” that have the potential of being adopted into policy.
Annual refresher training is also an excellent opportunity for users to provide feedback that could
result in improvements to ShotSpotter Flex℠ features and system designs.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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PROVIDE TACTICAL RESPONSE TRAINING:
ShotSpotter Flex℠ provides dispatchers and responding field officers with accurate and timely
information that was previously unavailable. Patrol officers should receive practical and tactical
response training that integrates the additional information that ShotSpotter Flex℠ is able to provide.
Tactics will likely vary little from those employed when responding to other serious crimes in progress;
however, responding officers must be trained to maximize the use of information that ShotSpotter
Flex℠ provides. Specific information provided may determine the tactics utilized, whether or not
perimeters are established, and the number of officers deployed to the scene. Officers must be
trained to determine the exact location where the gunfire occurred, the number of shots discharged,
and the direction of movement if applicable, on every call. Dispatchers are trained to perform this
task and responsibility, but responding officers must know to request this information if it is not
provided by the dispatcher, or if the field units are not equipped with the Mobile Console application I
their vehicles.
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER TRAINING:
Every agency’s Public Information Officer (PIO) should receive ShotSpotter Flex℠ training and be
aware of the agency’s efforts to reduce illegal gunfire and related crime.
DEVELOP SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠ FIELD TRAINING COMPONENTS:
An agency’s field training program and reorientation training for reassigned patrol officers should
include a specific block of instruction regarding ShotSpotter Flex℠ training. The completion of training
should be documented in personnel training files.
PROVIDE SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠ TRAINING DESIGNED FOR ENTRY-LEVEL DISPATCHERS:
Like field training for officers, entry-level dispatchers should also have a designated block of
instruction specific to ShotSpotter Flex℠ use. The completion of such training also should be
documented in personnel training files.
CONDUCT SHIFT CHANGE (LINE UP OR ROLL CALL) TRAINING:
SST offers training materials in various formats that can be used periodically to reinforce key training
points for both first responders and dispatchers. The training, which is recommended to be
approximately 10 minutes in length, will be conducive to presentation in a line-up/roll-call
environment. Agencies will also have the ability to make the training materials available on their
agency’s intranet website. This may be especially helpful during field training and for reassigned
officers who would be able to review and absorb the material on an individual basis.
MAINTAINING TRAINING DOCUMENTATION:
All training related to the use of ShotSpotter Flex℠ should be documented in individual and agency
training files. Often, this training is eligible for reimbursement from local and state training
certification agencies. Documentation will also assist an agency in identifying both individual and
agency-wide training needs.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
DAILY OPERATIONS
Agencies that use ShotSpotter Flex℠ in an effective manner generally respond to Flex alerts with the
same tactics and procedures applied to other violent crimes in progress. Flex alerts should not be
categorized as incidents that require specially tailored response procedures. Instead, every Flex alert
should be carefully evaluated to determine an appropriate response by officers in the field. In most
cases, the Flex provides detailed information to responding officers and in a timelier manner than is
available without the ShotSpotter Flex℠ service.
ShotSpotter Flex℠ is able to provide two pieces of critical information immediately:

That a gunfire incident has occurred. This information is received well in advance of anyone
reporting the incident via 9-1-1.

Accurate location of the incident. This information is more specific and reliable than
information provided by citizens reporting they “heard” gunfire in the area, at a non-specific
location.
While agencies clearly view the value of ShotSpotter Flex℠ as a valuable tool that can be used to assist
with the apprehension of suspects during the commission of a firearms event, the improved response
time results in the following:




Increased likelihood of locating perpetrators still on scene or nearby.
Increased likelihood of locating witnesses still on scene or nearby.
Location and preservation of evidence.
Shortened response time of medical services.
DISPATCH:
The placement of a ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console within a Dispatch Center can have a direct effect
on how properly the ShotSpotter Flex℠ service is utilized and the timeliness of dispatching to gunfire
incidents. The two most critical considerations when installing ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console(s) is
that it be placed at a workstation that will be monitored continuously and that the person monitoring
the program has had the training necessary to respond to an event and prepare the information for
immediate dispatch. This position does not need to be solely dedicated to monitoring the ShotSpotter
Flex℠ Alert Console, but the designated person must be able to handle this responsibility in addition
to their other duties.
The most common and effective place to install the ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console is at the Call
Taker or active Dispatcher position. Not all 9-1-1 centers operate the same, and SST recognizes this
fact. In some cases, the most effective placement of the ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console will depend
on the size and scale of the 9-1-1 Center and the availability of positions and personnel to monitor the
ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console. Alternative placements may include the following:

Dispatch Center Supervisor or Sergeant

Dedicated ShotSpotter Flex℠ Dispatcher During Critical Periods
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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
Overtime Position During Peak Incident Times

Overflow Radio Dispatcher Positions—also referred to as a “Hot Seat”

Surveillance Camera Monitoring Stations with direct access to Dispatch via radio or Computer
Aided Design (CAD) Terminal

Integrated Real-Time Crime Centers or “Fusion Centers”
In all of the above cases, personnel monitoring ShotSpotter Flex℠ events are able to communicate
directly with Dispatch and officers in the field to increase response efficiency. In any event,
experienced SST advisors can assist you in determining the optimum Dispatch center deployment
tailored to your agency and operations.
Quick Acknowledgement and Dispatch
All ShotSpotter Flex℠ alerts are analyzed by expert reviewers and validated before they are sent to
the customer agency. The alerts are readily available for dispatch and need no further review by law
enforcement dispatchers. Therefore, the alerts should be dispatched without delay.
Handle as Serious Crime “In Progress” – High Priority
It is critical that alerts received by an agency be recognized and handled as high-priority, in-progress
calls. Most agencies prioritize shots-fired calls relatively low unless there is a report of someone being
injured or other exigent circumstances. The fact that Flex alerts are being reported within seconds of
the event occurring increases the priority of these calls. There is a much higher likelihood for
confronting and apprehending an offender due to a faster, more accurate response. This protocol
should be included in operational directives and followed uniformly.
Dispatch to the Dot
The ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console will present a visual representation of the location where gunfire
occurred by literally placing a “dot on the map.” The Flex solution will also display an address for the
location of the incident, but the address can often only be a general reference to the location.
Dispatchers must “Dispatch to the Dot.” It is imperative that dispatchers be descriptive of where the
“dot on the map” actually is, in reference to the address. Dispatchers can use landmarks, map
measuring tools, and other means to describe the location of the dot; but it is critical that responding
officers know exactly where the incident occurred. Dispatchers should use terminology such as:
“…on the sidewalk directly in front of…,” or
“…in the back yard of…, near the North fence line…,” or
“…along the West side of the house….”
This will not only direct officers to the exact location, but also assist officers in responding safely and
with a tactical advantage.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
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Note Extraordinary Circumstances and Notify Responding Units
A ShotSpotter Flex℠ alert will also contain specific critical information about the incident; including
single vs. multiple gunshots, if there are possibly multiple shooters, if there are a high number of
rounds fired, if the weapon was possibly a high-capacity firearm, and if the shooter is moving and in
what direction and speed. This information must be broadcast when available to responding officers,
as it will directly affect their safe and tactical response.
Specific Call Designation for ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alerts
Upon implementation of the ShotSpotter Flex℠ service, every agency should create a specific radio
code designation for ShotSpotter Flex℠ incidents. For example, if a standard radio code for a “Shots
fired” call is “957,” then a Flex gunfire incident should be identified and tagged as “957S,” or a unique
identifier that indicates the incident was captured by ShotSpotter Flex℠. The purpose of this is to
create a standard notification for officer-safety purposes that alerts field personnel that they are
responding to a Flex incident and the likelihood of an armed suspect being in at the scene or in the
area. This will also create a reference for Flex generated incidents to be used for tracking incidents,
identifying hot spots, measuring response times, evaluating the effectiveness of ShotSpotter Flex℠,
and other management purposes.
Log Flex and CAD ID Numbers for Cross-Referencing Information
In the process of receiving ShotSpotter Flex℠ alerts, the receiving call taker or dispatcher should be
required to enter the Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) ID number for the ShotSpotter Flex℠ incident
into the ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console. This is easily accomplished by simply creating the
appropriate CAD incident, or Call for Service, and then logging the CAD ID number into the appropriate
field in the ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert Console. This creates a cross-reference in both the CAD and
ShotSpotter Flex℠ portals for easy retrieval and review. It will greatly assist several entities that will
need to research past incidents and review system and program performance metrics.
Disposition Codes
Agencies should develop specific radio clearance codes for ShotSpotter Flex℠ incidents and other
shots-fired calls. The purpose of this is to help understand the very nature of what is occurring with
gunfire. Clearance codes create a resolution and tracking mechanism that can be reviewed and assist
with managing a ShotSpotter Flex℠ Program. Sample clearance codes may include:








Evidence Located
Victim Located
No Evidence Located
No Victim Found
Medical Aid Rendered
Suspect Arrested
Firearms Recovered
Confirmed Reclassification
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
Field units will be responsible for making these determinations and conveying the clearance code to
Dispatch for inclusion and closing of the call for service (CAD incident).
“Flag” Confirmed Shooting Locations in CAD System
Most law enforcement agencies utilize a CAD system for accepting calls for service and dispatching
field units. These systems usually have the capability of recording information regarding specific call
locations and “flag” the location for future reference. These CAD subsystems are commonly referred
to as “Premise History Files,” “Call Location Logs,” and the like. Many departments direct field
personnel to note locations where there have been significant incidents that could endanger future
responding officers, identify and capture wanted criminals, and generally place these locations on
notice for many different reasons.
All confirmed gunfire incidents—especially those recorded by ShotSpotter Flex℠ should be entered
into a premise history file system shortly after handling the call. Typically, field personnel will notify
their dispatch personnel who have the responsibility for making the entries. Often, an agency will
have a procedure in place where field personnel can quickly complete a “Short Form” and submit it for
review and entry into the system. By doing this best practice, offenders will be better tracked and
problem residences and locations can be strategically and tactically addressed. Furthermore, officers
responding to these locations and incidents will be better informed and able to respond in a safe
manner.
Reclassifying Incidents
Responding officers will occasionally determine that an alert was not actual gunfire. In these cases,
the correct determination of what caused the alert should be relayed to Dispatch so an appropriate
reclassification of the incident can be made. This is a simple process whereby dispatchers can notify
SST of the reclassification via several notification processes. This reclassification information is then
used by SST personnel to make adjustments and improve the analysis of alerts and minimize future
false alerts.
PATROL:
Mobile units should be equipped with the ShotSpotter Flex℠ Mobile Alert Console. The Flex℠ Mobile
Alert Console will alert responding field units of incidents simultaneously with Dispatch, creating a
faster response capability. Furthermore, responding officers will have the ability to directly listen to
the incoming incident and precisely see where the incident is occurring. This will help ensure that
they make a safe and tactical approach to the incident and increase the likelihood of apprehension
and recovering valuable evidence.
General Response
Responding officers should handle alerts as an in-progress, high-priority call. They will be receiving
alerts in near real time and will know precisely where the incident is occurring. While en route, they
can replay the audio of the incident and note any extraordinary circumstances that are being
reported; such as possible multiple shooters, the number of rounds fired, whether the shooter is
moving and in which direction and at what speed, and whether there is a high-capacity firearm
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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involved. All of these critical pieces of information are sent to the Mobile Alert Console. If patrol
vehicles are not equipped with the Mobile Alert Console, they should be trained and directed to
request this information from Dispatch as they respond.
ShotSpotter Flex℠ informs officers of the severity of the incident before they arrive on scene.
Dispatchers and responding units will know if the incident involves multiple shots fired and other
previously listed critical points of information. As such, responders should take a safe and strategic
response to the incident, employing an appropriate amount of caution and resources. This may
require deploying multiple patrol units, specialized units, and even plain-clothes units.
Responding to the Dot
ShotSpotter Flex℠ presents a precise location where the gunfire incident occurred. The incident is
displayed as a dot on the map, with corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates. The best
nearby address will also be displayed as a general location identifier. It is imperative that responding
officers physically locate and respond to the dot. Fixed objects may be used for reference. The most
precise method can be accomplished by using a simple handheld GPS device to locate the coordinate
location. Many agencies are utilizing Smartphone applications and portable GPS-reading devices to
accomplish this. The "dot" will be a starting point for locating victims, evidence, witness location, and
crime-scene management.
Crime Scene Management
The Mobile Alert Console can be used to help manage a crime scene and should be made available to
field units and supervisors. Once a situation has been stabilized, a more accurate understanding of
what occurred can be accomplished by using the Mobile Alerts Console. The audio of the incident can
be replayed, which can help determine several things; such as multiple shooters involved and the
number and sequencing of shots fired.
The map features can help confirm the validity of witness statements based on the placement of shots
relative to where witnesses were at the time of the incident. The measuring tools within the map can
provide field personnel with a defined search area for witnesses and physical evidence.
Reviewing Alerts
The Mobile Alert Console allows officers to look at incidents that occurred in the previous 48 hours.
As officers log on for their tour of duty, and periodically throughout a shift, they should review these
past incidents. Patrol officers are keenly aware of many things occurring in their beats and patrol
areas. By reviewing these incidents, they will begin to note connections with other crimes and
matters occurring in their areas. They will recognize locations associated with known gang members,
narcotic sales, and many other criminal and non-criminal matters. Officers can share and forward this
information to other enforcement units, and/or take proactive enforcement action on their own.
They will also become more aware of houses and locations where gunfire is occurring and make note
of them for future reference and safe response. Ultimately, field units will have a tool at their
disposal that will provide increased knowledge of particular patrol areas, making them more efficient
and effective.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
Flag Locations
As houses and specific addresses are identified as a place where illegal gunfire has occurred, patrol
officers should notify Dispatch to have the location entered into the agency's CAD system. This will
create a reference for future calls at this location and alert responders of potential danger.
Watch Commander Monitoring
Watch Commanders should be equipped with the Mobile Alert Console and Incidents and Reports
Portal. Typically, a Watch Commander has the authority to redirect operational resources as needed
within a tour of duty. Monitoring ShotSpotter Flex℠ activity could result in the Watch Commander
redeploying officers from one area to another to address illegal gunfire incidents captured by the
system.
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION:
When a gunfire incident is detected and located by ShotSpotter Flex℠, a variety of data relative to that
incident is stored in an historical database that can be accessed and used during the course of an
investigation. Several agencies regularly use ShotSpotter Flex℠ Incidents and Reports Portal data to
generate incident reports for inclusion in their investigative reports, to support ongoing investigations,
or to support the prosecution of offenders. Another successful practice using ShotSpotter Flex℠
incident data includes using audio clips of incidents to corroborate and/or expose untruthful
statements by victims, witnesses, and suspects. On numerous occasions, shooting investigations with
conflicting witness statements have been resolved through the forensic reconstruction of the incident,
using incident data retrieved from the Flex database. Forensic data from ShotSpotter Flex℠ truly has
the ability to save both time and costs associated with prosecuting difficult cases. Numerous
offenders have pled guilty, knowing evidence provided by the ShotSpotter Flex℠ will prove to be
powerful prosecutorial evidence in the courtroom.
Training and Access to Forensic Data
Investigators should receive initial training on the use of ShotSpotter Flex℠ with emphasis on the
range of information that ShotSpotter Flex℠ can provide to support investigations. Investigators
should be trained to access the ShotSpotter Flex℠ service to perform the following functions:






Generate Basic Incident Reports
Review, Playback, and Save Audio Files
Conduct Evaluation on the Sequencing of Shootings
Conduct Routine System Inquiries to Access and Review Incidents
Request "Extended" Audio of an Incident
Request a Detailed Forensic Report
Investigators should routinely include reports and audio clips from Flex in their investigative reports
submitted for prosecution. Agencies that have installed ShotSpotter Flex℠ IRP in the agency’s
investigate bureau have benefited greatly from the increased use of incident data facilitated by close
access.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
Crime Scene Investigation
Investigators and Crime Scene Technicians should be equipped with portable computers and provided
with ShotSpotter Flex℠ access. By utilizing the IRP, investigators can often recreate events at the
scene of a crime. The audio playback can assist in determining the sequence of events that occurred.
The latitude and longitude coordinates are clearly displayed and can help identify the origin point of
the incident to facilitate evidence collection and establish a perimeter of the crime scene.
Detailed Forensic Reports
Upon request, and as an integral component of the product offering, SST will also provide detailed and
comprehensive forensic analysis reports of shooting incidents, coupled with expert witness testimony
when required. These reports provide critical, detailed timelines and data that can reveal and capture
the sequence of a shooting incident, identify individual shots fired by multiple shooters, and provide
the precise location of involved persons during the incident.
SST recommends that Detailed Forensic Reports be requested for Officer Involved Shooting cases and
when an Assault with Deadly Weapon or Homicide case is going to court. At the time the incident
occurs, SST customer support team should be contacted immediately in order to preserve possible
volatile event data.
Charge and Prosecution Enhancements
Most states and jurisdictions have enacted crime enhancement laws that increase penalties for crimes
committed within specific areas or zones. These zones are usually designated around schools, parks,
playgrounds, and even shopping centers. These are more commonly referred to a "Drug-Free Zones"
and/or "Gun-Free Zones," and penalty enhancements must be applied and charged in these cases.
Additionally, penalty enhancements may be applicable for crimes involving domestic violence,
terrorist threats, and various education-code violations. Each agency should research applicable
penalty enhancements for their jurisdiction. Prosecutors should clearly convey the charging and
prosecution of the appropriate enhancements.
Designated Case Management and Vertical Prosecution
Many illegal gunfire cases are considered minor offenses when no one is injured or killed. These types
of incidents will account for the highest number and percentage of illegal gunfire incidents. As these
offenders are caught, very often minor charges are applied or even dismissed, often because
prosecutors are faced with many more serious offenses to prosecute. However, the light handling or
non-handling of these minor offenses only compound the problem and reinforce that suspects can
"get away with it."
In order to minimize cases falling through the cracks, agencies should establish a case management
process for illegal gunfire cases. The process may include a single designated investigator responsible
for this function or a unit of investigators, depending on the size and scale of the agency. The purpose
of a designated “Case Management Unit” is simply to collate and coordinate the prosecution of illegal
gunfire cases. This unit may not necessarily have the sole responsibility of investigating gun-related
crimes but should have the responsibility of reviewing gun-related crimes and making sure proper
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
charges are applied, evidence is properly handled, and cases are properly prepared for prosecution.
This unit should be responsible for presenting these cases for prosecution.
Gun related cases should routinely be processed and presented to a single prosecutorial intake point.
Preferably, a “Vertical Prosecution Unit” should be established within the Prosecutor's Office to help
ensure appropriate charges are filed, that there is consistency in charging, and to further minimize
cases "falling through the cracks," with little or no accountability for offenders.
Cross-Referencing ShotSpotter Flex℠ Data
Investigators can utilize ShotSpotter Flex℠ data and cross-reference, or compare, it with various other
sources of information to help identify suspects in cases. Cross referencing information can also lead
to the identification of witnesses, corroborate and refute statements, and aid in the collection of
evidence. Virtually any information source that can identify time and location can easily be crossreferenced with ShotSpotter Flex℠ data and used to help determine if a person was in the immediate
area of a ShotSpotter Flex℠ incident. The following are examples of the types of information sources
that can be referenced:




Parolee and Probationers
GPS Monitoring Bracelets
License Plate Readers (vehicles)
Surveillance Cameras
Investigator’s Handbook
Many agencies have developed and maintain an Investigator’s Handbook that is issued to newly
assigned investigators. These handbooks typically provide a reference on investigative protocols,
special policies, and procedures. Inclusion of ShotSpotter Flex℠ reference and training materials
should be included in such a handbook.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
CRIME ANALYSIS AND INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING
Law enforcement agencies are more often looking at data from both traditional and non-traditional
sources, combining this information, and analyzing the outcome of the collective data. ShotSpotter
Flex℠ incident data is a critical data source that can easily be searched, sorted, collated, and exported
for examination—both individually and collectively—with other data sources.
Individually, ShotSpotter Flex℠ data can track illegal gunfire in a variety of ways. This can include
tracking incidents by time of day and day of week. It can also measure activity from week to week,
month to month, and even yearly. ShotSpotter Flex℠ data can be exported to many commonly used
mapping programs and can readily identify gunfire hot spots. ShotSpotter Flex℠ can not only identify
general locations of illegal gunfire activity, but specific addresses and precise locations where
continuing gunfire is occurring.
ShotSpotter Flex℠ data should be cross-referenced with many other information and data sources
available to an agency. Listed below are examples of data sources used in this manner:

Crime Statistics and Calls for Service – By overlaying crimes associated with illegal gunfire
(such as assaults, robberies, homicides, etc.), a better understanding of the source of gunfire
can be concluded. Additional resources (such as Narcotics and Gang Investigators, or other
appropriate investigators) could be included in enforcement efforts.

Probation and Parole – Often, ShotSpotter Flex℠ data indicating involvement in illegal gunfire
is adequate information needed to contact and/or search these individuals. A strategic
enforcement response is detailed below.

Gang Member Homes and Hang-Out Locations – Even though gang members may not report
having been shot at and often even deny it happened, the possibility of retaliation on rival
gangs is a real possibility. ShotSpotter Flex℠ can confirm the initial incident did occur, and
preventative action can be taken to de-escalate a confrontation or affect an arrest.

GPS Bracelet Monitor Data – Persons on house arrest or placed on GPS monitoring can be
easily cross-referenced with ShotSpotter Flex℠ incident data to determine if they were in the
immediate area of a shooting. This can also potentially demonstrate their continuing
involvement in criminal activity, leading to a revocation of their house arrest condition.

License Plate Reader Data – License Plate Readers can collect information on vehicles that
were at a specific location, at a specific time. When cross-referenced with ShotSpotter Flex℠
data, potential suspect-vehicle information can be obtained.

Tax Roll and Property Parcel Data – Combining ShotSpotter Flex℠ incident data with tax roll
and property parcel data can identify vacant lots and buildings where gunfire is occurring.
These types of properties are often gang and drug hangouts, and criminals often fire weapons
to intimidate people, test-fire guns, and create dominance in the area. These incidents are
rarely reported to law enforcement but can be captured through the ShotSpotter Flex℠
service. This data can also provide the property owner with evidence for use in abatement
actions.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
There are many other data sources that are emerging and being incorporated into law enforcement
crime analysis and intelligence-led policing. Virtually any data that includes locations and times can be
cross-referenced with ShotSpotter Flex℠ data.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION:
The identification of gunfire hot spots and other related crimes can be a determining factor of where
and how to deploy personnel. This type of decision can be made on a short-term daily basis by a
Watch Commander or on a lengthier basis as a result of the analysis conducted. Either way, the
proper amount of resources can be brought to bear on problems as they are identified. This type of
analysis has also been used to justify the need for additional personnel and has been applied to grant
and general funding requests.
DATA DRIVEN POLICING:
Nearly every law enforcement agency conducts regularly scheduled meetings or processes to examine
crime activity and formulate a response to address problems. ShotSpotter Flex℠ information should
be incorporated into these strategic meetings. Activity reports should be presented, along with crossreferenced information and mapping visuals that illustrate trends and problems. Not only will
assigned area command staff be made aware of problems to be addressed, but other area resources
can be identified and incorporated into a response. These meetings and processes should be the
vehicle to facilitate coordination and communication with various units and divisions in an
organization that may play a minor role in the overall effort but are just as critical as those that play
major roles. It should be the process that reinforces who is responsible for what and establishes
accountability for actions to be taken.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
SPECIFIC STRATEGIES FOR THE USE OF SHOTSPOTTER FLEX℠
STRATEGIC INTEGRATED INFORMATION CENTERS:
Many cities have and continue to implement strategic integrated information centers, commonly
referred to Fusion Centers, Real-Time Crime Centers, Strategic Information Centers, Strategic
Operations Centers, and such. The purpose of these centers is to acquire real-time information
related to crime incidents, cross-reference this data and information with known information that may
be relative, and then disseminate the collective information to operational units. These centers
attempt to collate information and "connect the dots" so that operational units are equipped with the
very latest and best information needed to make an appropriate response.
ShotSpotter Flex℠ provides real time information regarding gunfire and should be incorporated in
these centers. The ShotSpotter Flex℠ Application Programming Interface (API) can be used to connect
with other information sources and strategic monitoring components such as surveillance cameras,
crime mapping programs, and other real-time monitoring programs.
PROBATION AND PAROLE OPERATIONS:
ShotSpotter Flex℠ incident data coupled with parole and probation information can greatly enhance
the success of ongoing probation and parole enforcement efforts. Several agencies regularly examine
ShotSpotter Flex℠ data to identify incidents that were likely located at or very near residences and
then cross-reference this data to existing probation and parole data. This information can then be
used to conduct probation and parole searches.
An additional strategy involves creating an overlay of SST data within a 1,000 foot radius around
schools, parks, or other “Gun Free Zones”. It is normally a violation for a parolee or probationer to be
within that range and a compounded felony charge if they are in that vicinity when gunfire goes off.
Agencies have approached this concept in two ways:

The process of evaluating ShotSpotter Flex℠ data with parole and probation information can
be performed on a daily basis when assigned to specialized enforcement units. Units currently
using this technique examine ShotSpotter Flex℠ data from the previous evening and crossreference the data with the agency’s records management system and parole and probation
databases. When data matches are found, operational plans are generated and searches are
often conducted the same day.

The process of evaluation is assigned to someone on a special-projects basis. This person
conducts the same process over a period of time to generate a larger enforcement operation
where multiple parole and probation searches will be conducted in a defined area. This
technique is often used to make an impact in areas experiencing higher rates of gun violence
and other violent crime.
RAPID RESPONSE OPERATIONS:
Special Operations can be conducted to periodically enhance rapid response to ShotSpotter Flex℠
alerts and increase the likelihood of firearms-related arrests. These operations have been conducted
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
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by a number of agencies on a periodic basis. The following process has been used to conduct rapid
response operations:

Analysis is conducted to identify an area where increased rates of gunfire have been
occurring. Further analysis is done to determine the day of week and time period that gunfire
is most likely to occur.

A command post is established to monitor the agency’s ShotSpotter Flex℠ alerts with the
ability to immediately dispatch information to specialized units in the field. Access to other
agency databases is also recommended. Cross-referencing ShotSpotter Flex℠ data with other
intelligence sources—such as probation and parole data—undoubtedly contributes to
proactive crime-reduction efforts.

Specialized units or a specific team of officers are utilized to provide a rapid response to
ShotSpotter Flex℠ alerts. Sufficient personnel must be used to ensure that perimeters can be
quickly established and that yard searches can be safely and efficiently conducted. These
arrest teams should be staged covertly in a perimeter configuration around the targeted
surveillance area.

Plain-clothes officers in covert vehicles can be utilized to conduct mobile or fixed surveillance
in the targeted surveillance area. Because these officers can remain in the targeted area, the
potential exists that they will be in the area very quickly and can provide intelligence to
responding arrest teams, such as persons or vehicles fleeing the scene. Policies and
procedures usually strictly prohibit these covert units from becoming actively involved in the
apprehension of suspects for officer-safety reasons. The use of undercover personnel in
operations utilizing or driven by ShotSpotter Flex℠ alerts must be well-planned, with explicit
rules and procedures governing their duties since gunfire is highly probable.
USE OF AERIAL ASSETS:
The ShotSpotter Flex℠ portals can also be used in aircraft to increase response times and provide
greater and wider observation of the scene and surrounding area. Mobile terminals can be monitored
by the aircraft’s observer or, if space permits, a third person inside the aircraft, dedicated to
monitoring Flex alerts. Note that the aircraft must be within range of an RF data network for the Flex
Alert Console to receive and display alert information.
DAILY FOLLOW-UP BY PATROL TEAMS, DIRECTED PATROL, GANG ENFORCEMENT:
Very often, officers respond to a ShotSpotter Flex℠ incident and are not able to make contact with
anyone who may have been involved or witnessed the event, even though a house or address has
clearly been identified where gunfire occurred. In these instances, it is important to follow up and
contact the home occupants. In many cases, neighborhood policing officers, community law
enforcement officers, and specialized units who are not necessarily tied to service calls can be tasked
with this responsibility. This contact may lead to an arrest of the offender or possible collection of
evidence. Information related to other crimes may be obtained. Even if this does not happen, the
occupants are put on notice that law enforcement is aware of their illegal activity. The occupants now
know that law enforcement is watching, and they are set to take further action if needed.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
27
Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
OFFENDER NOTIFICATION PROGRAM:
In every case where ShotSpotter Flex℠ identifies illegal gunfire at a specific address and officers are
able to confirm such activity taking place, that address should be flagged and labeled as an “Illegal
Gunfire and Violent Crime Location.” Preprinted notification cards should be left with the resident or
at the door, requiring the residents to contact the law enforcement department for a review of the
matter and make a determination in getting the flag removed or cleared. A sample notification card is
attached at the end of this document.
Usually a parent, grandparent, or responsible resident will not hesitate to get their property “cleared”
and will follow up with law enforcement. The actual shooter may be identified, and follow-up action
can be initiated. Even if a shooter is not identified, the respondent can be put on notice that this
activity will not be tolerated, and future sanctions will be taken if it continues.
NUISANCE ABATEMENTS:
Many cities have laws and ordinances that prohibit homeowners from maintaining a public nuisance.
A public nuisance can normally be any type of activity that is harmful or disruptive to others and
prevents the normal use and well-being of their neighborhoods. Allowing Illegal gunfire to occur on
your property can be considered maintaining a public nuisance. Often there are other forms of
nuisance activity occurring at these locations; such as drug use and sales, loud noise complaints, and
thefts. Property owners are responsible for their properties and tenants. Through the ShotSpotter
Flex℠ service, illegal gunfire incident locations should be tracked and coordinated through a Nuisance
Abatement Officer or Unit for potential abatement through eviction or other sanction.
This process should be particularly applied for repeat offenders and drug activity locations. The illegal
gunfire identification will strongly bolster any nuisance claim and often provide enough information to
support an eviction and rehabilitation of the property. Citizens can even individually and collectively
sue property owners for maintaining a public nuisance, and this type of effort could be a viable
recourse to eliminate problems in specific neighborhoods. Additionally, nuisance abatements tend to
create a strong bond between the affected neighborhoods and citizens when they work with law
enforcement to clean up their neighborhoods.
HIGH-CAPACITY FIREARMS TRACKING:
In most states, high-capacity gun magazines and firearms are illegal or restricted. The threshold
number of round capacity to qualify as a high-capacity firearm is usually ten. The ShotSpotter Flex℠
service allows you to review many incidents that have occurred and sort them by the number of shots
that were recorded. Incidents where ten or more shots have been fired can easily be sorted and
identified. From this information, specific locations and often weapon types can be identified.
Appropriate investigative follow-up action can be formulated and taken. In many cases, special
enforcement units may be utilized due the level of gunfire identified.
POST NEW YEAR’S EVE AND FOURTH OF JULY ANALYSIS:
Gunfire associated with New Year's Eve and the Fourth of July holidays often overwhelm law
enforcement agencies. However, these periods of increased gunfire also provide great intelligence
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
about illegal gunfire in a community. Unfortunately, many "law-abiding citizens" partake in the illegal
discharge of firearms during these periods; however, many criminals also partake in this activity
during these periods. Arguably, criminals even use these periods to test-fire weapons, simply because
they can go unnoticed. Another common phenomenon that occurs is that many illegal shooters fire
multiple rounds, often emptying their gun magazines.
After these holiday periods occur and the illegal gunfire subsides, agencies can conduct an analysis of
the gunfire that occurred. This information provides agencies with various forms of information that
can be used in investigating and following up on illegal gunfire. Examples are listed below.






High-capacity firearms locations
Specific locations where multiple incidents occurred
Gang and narcotics locations
Cross-referencing with known criminals
Potential automatic weapons
Crime hot spots
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
COMMUNICATIONS
The awareness that a ShotSpotter Flex℠ service is in place and being utilized within a community can
be a powerful force in deterring and reducing gunfire incidents and violent crime overall. ShotSpotter
Flex℠ is a law enforcement tool designed to reduce gunfire and signifies the commitment of a
City/County law enforcement agency to reducing gun violence. It lets citizens know that gun violence
will be relentlessly pursued and that communities will be safer as a result. To accomplish this end, the
following community outreach and awareness strategies have been employed.
INITIAL DEPLOYMENT ANNOUNCEMENT AND MEDIA RELEASE:
Once the decision has been made to acquire ShotSpotter Flex℠, local law enforcement agencies
should develop a media strategy to announce the deployment of ShotSpotter Flex℠ within the
community. A press conference should be utilized to reinforce the commitment of key stakeholders
and send a clear message that reducing gunfire and violent crime is a top priority. Local leaders, both
formal and informal, should be included and given the opportunity to express their commitment to
reducing violent crime and solicit the commitment from the community as well.
OMNIPRESENCE AS A DETERRENT:
Care should be taken to not disclose the exact location and area(s) being monitored for gunfire by
ShotSpotter Flex℠. To maximize the deterrence effect, the system should be described as having
broad coverage in areas with increased firearm-related violent crime. This can increase the
community awareness and serve as a greater deterrent. Similarly, the location of the actual
ShotSpotter Flex℠ acoustic sensors should never be disclosed. These two policies will reduce the
occurrences of sensors being located and vandalized. Note that the sensors themselves are typically
placed out of view, are nondescript, and would most likely not be recognized as Flex sensors by
subjects not having prior knowledge of their locations.
AWARENESS AND PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS:
Another effective community-outreach strategy is to conduct awareness and prevention campaigns.
There are periods and specific holidays when a significant increase in (seemingly) random illegal
gunfire occurs. Typical examples include the Fourth of July and New Year’s Eve, commonly referred to
as “celebratory gunfire.” In close proximity to these events, agencies should utilize the media to
remind citizens of the presence of a ShotSpotter Flex℠ in the community and that illegal gunfire of any
type will not be tolerated.
ShotSpotter Flex℠ subscribers have realized great success in quelling celebratory gunfire by
proactively canvassing the community and advising residents of the “Zero-Tolerance Illegal-Gunfire
Policy.” The outreach information should include a statement indicating violators will be arrested and
prosecuted. Contact information for confidential reporting to the law enforcement agency should also
be included.
Outreach with personal notifications to residents and leaving behind notices (e.g., flyers and door
hangers) have been very successful in many communities utilizing ShotSpotter Flex℠. The use of
neighborhood-watch groups or other community group members in distributing the informational
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
materials has aided in these successes. Community outreach complements all ShotSpotter Flex℠
programs and helps to achieve the following:

General Outreach and Information - An example might be a door hanger that reads, “Fire a
Shot, You Will Get Caught.” This can be deployed prior to a celebratory event such as Fourth
of July or New Year’s Eve or when gunfire may be anticipated.

Targeting Hot Spots - Informational hangers would be used to alert known offenders in
problem locations that law enforcement is aware and on the alert for illegal gunfire activity.
Raising awareness that a ShotSpotter Flex℠ service is installed and actively monitoring for
illegal gunshot activity contributes to a direct reduction in illegal gunfire incidents.
Subsequent incident follow-up is critical and sends a strong message that offenders will be
pursued and prosecuted.
Outreach efforts can extend to using local media, including community-oriented websites that can
serve as part of the agency’s personnel recruitment strategy. In deciding where they want to live and
work, many potential law enforcement candidates research various cities and communities websites.
Candidates are often interested in agency and community priorities, as well as an agency’s
technological capabilities. These are often deciding factors in their decision to apply for a job with
that particular law enforcement agency.
COMMUNITY FORUMS:
Every law enforcement agency has opportunities to meet with community groups, usually to address
crime and other concerns. Many agencies conduct regularly scheduled community forums that are
attended by local law enforcement officers, commanders, and chiefs. These are opportunities to
discuss the deployment and use of ShotSpotter Flex℠ and an agency’s efforts to address illegal gunfire
and gun violence in the community. Informational handouts explaining ShotSpotter Flex℠ and how it
operates should be distributed in these forums to raise community awareness.
Many law enforcement agencies conduct annual and semi-annual crime fairs, conferences, and
recruitment events. These events are opportunities to display and demonstrate the capabilities and
benefits of ShotSpotter Flex℠. Printed materials distributed to citizens should be maintained at an
agency for such events and for general interaction with the public.
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER:
Every agency’s Public Information Officer (PIO) should maintain the following informational handouts:


ShotSpotter Flex℠ Key Talking Points Document
Specific Community Policy Information Document
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
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Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
SAMPLE POLICY AND PROCEDURE
A.
POLICY
The ShotSpotter Flex℠ gunshot alert service is intended to enhance the Department’s ability
to respond effectively to and investigate violent crime involving illegal gunfire. The system
uses audio sensors placed in selected areas to identity the location of gunshots. In the Mobile
Alert Console, ShotSpotter Flex℠ incidents may be replayed to hear the actual audio
component of the incident, aid in the collection of evidence at crime scenes, and aid in the
investigation and prosecution of crimes. ShotSpotter Flex℠ incidents shall be dispatched in
accordance with long-standing departmental policy pertaining to the dispatch of crimes in
progress involving the use of firearms. The purpose of the service is to reduce violent crime
and incidents of indiscriminate gunfire in the City of (Anytown, USA) and to be incorporated
into the Department’s overall violent crime reduction efforts
B.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this directive is to create consistent policies and procedures for the receipt,
dispatch, and investigation of gunfire incidents that are received by agency personnel, using
the ShotSpotter Flex℠ Gunshot Location System. This directive encompasses:
1. Initial assessment and dispatching protocol
2. Field unit response
3. Evidence collection at scene
4. Investigative Follow-up
5. Crime Analysis Utilization
6. Program Management
The ShotSpotter Flex℠ Alert and Analysis service is a reliable and accurate means for law
enforcement agencies to have greater and faster awareness of illegal gunfire and explosion
incidents occurring within their jurisdictions. The technology and combination of real-time
alerts and accumulated data with accurate incident locations significantly changes how law
enforcement officers respond to and investigate these incidents. ShotSpotter Flex℠ service
increases the reporting and awareness of these incidents and provides precise location
information of each incident within seconds of the discharge(s). Fast, accurate audio
information captured with an acoustic surveillance system can provide invaluable situational
intelligence that can illustrate the severity of an incident, which is critical to determining the
appropriate level of field response. It will also better prepare first responders so they can
safely manage a gunfire or explosives event that can include the dispatching of medical
emergency personnel, investigative units, crime scene investigators and additional support
units. ShotSpotter Flex℠ technology allows multiple entities within an agency to have
simultaneous access to both current and historical incident information. This information
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
32
Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
access can create an environment where illegal gunfire and explosives can be
comprehensively addressed on a short-term basis (tactical/operational use) and on a longterm basis (strategic use). These previously unavailable benefits change the dynamics
involved with the receipt, dispatch, and investigation of gunfire incidents.
C.
PROCEDURE
1.
INITIAL ASSESSMENT AND DISPATCHING PROTOCOL:
a. Timely acknowledgement and review of incoming information.
b. Timely dispatching of appropriate number of field personnel.
c. Provide the specific detailed location of the incident; i.e., “the backyard of the
house located at ____,” or “directly in front of the address”.
d. Provide information on the severity of the incident; i.e., single shooter firing a
single round, single shooter firing multiple rounds, likely multiple shooters (i.e., a
gunfight), suspect moving at what speed and direction.
e. Provide information of additional calls of the incident by citizens.
f.
Upon confirmation of an actual shooting, provide timely emergency medical
response units.
g. Enter CAD or dispatch incident and log information into permanent dispatch data
system.
2.
FIELD UNIT RESPONSE:
a. Responding officers must be made aware of the precise location of the event.
b. Responding officers must be made aware of the time the incident was reported.
c. Responding officers take a safe and strategic approach to the incident, bearing in
mind that the perpetrator may still be armed and on-scene.
d. Responding officers acknowledge the severity of the incidents; i.e., single or
multiple shooters, multiple gunshots, direction and speed of fleeing shooters.
e. When appropriate, stage backup units at possible and likely escape routes.
f.
When available, incorporate aerial units for support and suspect tracking.
g. When available, review corresponding video from a video surveillance system that
could have visibility to the crime scene.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
33
Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
h. If equipped with a field-based system, field units shall review the incident audio at
the scene to establish a crime scene and isolate potential evidence and/or
witnesses.
i.
3.
Responding officers shall canvass the precise location identified via the
ShotSpotter Flex℠ service for victims, evidence, and/or potential witnesses.
COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE:
a. Evidence collector must be aware of the precise location of the reported incident.
b. Evidence collector must be aware of the severity of the event; i.e., multiple
gunshots, direction and speed of fleeing suspect.
c. Standard and accepted evidence collection procedures must be adhered to.
d. In the case of a ShotSpotter Flexsm alert, the evidence collector should search the
area included within 25 meters of the location of the incident.
4.
INVESTIGATIVE FOLLOW-UP:
a. Investigating officers must have access to ShotSpotter Flex℠ Incidents and
Reports Portal.
b. Investigator must be able to create documentation that depicts the location and
details of an incident.
c. Investigating officer must be able to replay any audio recording associated with a
shooting incident to recreate the crime scene, including a timeline of rounds
discharged, and determine the likely number of shooters.
d. Investigating officer must be trained to access and extract incident data and to
evaluate and present incident data in preparation for prosecution.
e. For investigation and prosecution purposes, investigators shall know the process
for acquiring detailed forensic reports of an incident and the securing of expert
witnesses relative to acoustical surveillance.
5.
CRIME ANALYSIS UTILIZATION:
a. The law enforcement agency must access the information accumulated by
ShotSpotter Flex℠ Incidents and Reports Portal to identify potential gunfirerelated trends.
b. Gunfire information must be collated from other crime incidents so that
specific gunfire locations and incidents can be strategically addressed.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
34
Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
c. High frequency areas must be documented and presented for an appropriate
strategic response that could include patrol officer follow-up, high-profile
enforcement missions, community awareness outreach, etc.
d. Crime Analysis information relative to gunfire must be incorporated into a
regularly scheduled strategic response/planning management program.
6.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT:
a. The law enforcement agency must provide consistent leadership and direction in
their effort to reduce gunfire and related crimes by designating a person as
Program Manager.
b. The Program Manager maintains regular information reports relative to the
increase or decrease of gunfire activity in the surveillance area.
c. The Program Manager maintains a thorough and general knowledge of system
operation.
d. The Program Manager maintains a liaison with various operational units of the
organization that have access and utilize the acoustic surveillance technology.
e. The Program Manager maintains records of arrests, gun confiscations, and
prosecutions of crimes detected through acoustic surveillance technology.
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
35
Best Practices, Strategies,
and Recommendations
ILLEGAL GUNFIRE OFFENDER NOTIFICATION PROGRAM
SAMPLE NOTIFICATION CARD
Anytown Police Department
Illegal Gunfire and Violent Crime Notification
Date:
Case #:
Your property located at
,
has been identified as a location where illegal gunfire has occurred. Subsequently, this
property will be subject to criminal and civil sanctions to abate this activity. As a resident
and/or property owner, you must contact the Anytown Police Department for a review of
this matter to determine further action against you.
You are directed to contact Officer
,
at
.
Officer:
ID#
Copyright © 2013 SST, Inc™. All rights reserved. ShotSpotter Flex℠, ShotSpotter Onsite™, ShotSpotter SpecialOps™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are
trademarks of SST, Inc™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents, with other domestic and foreign patents pending.
SST Best Practices_November
2013
36