EU cereal farms
report 2012
based on FADN data
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Directorate L. Economic analysis, perspectives and evaluations
L.3. Microeconomic analysis of EU agricultural holdings
Brussels, March 2013
EU CEREAL FARMS REPORT
- 2012 The report estimates margins in cereal production and provides indicators of the income of
farms specialised in cereal production in the EU Member States (MS).
The year 2009 was rather difficult for cereal producers in the European Union. Grain prices
declined from high levels, yields fell and production costs remained high. The gross margins
obtained per hectare of cereals or per tonne of grain consequently shrank by half in
comparison with the preceding year. By contrast, estimates for 2010 and 2011 suggest a
radical improvement in the profitability of cereal crops, led by rising grain prices.
Although all sectors experienced depressed margins, the situation varied widely. Grain maize
offered the best margins and suffered a relatively small reduction in profitability. It lost on
average less than 30 % of gross margin in comparison with 2008, while the gross margin for
barley, the worst hit, was cut by 80 %. With an average gross margin of about 50 €/ha across
the EU, barley production was six times less profitable than grain maize, for which the margin
was close to 300 €/ha. Wheat margins were situated in between, at around 150 €/ha, with
durum wheat a little higher than soft wheat. The years 2010-11 brought a great improvement
in margins for all cereals, bringing them back to the good levels of 2007-08.
Incomes of cereal producers, like margins, shrank significantly in 2009 as a result of the
price/cost squeeze. They were the lowest in years, comparable only to those in 2005. With all
costs included, average income was even significantly negative in a few MS. In some MS
losses were avoided only thanks to farm subsidies. The rise in margins suggests that the
difficulties of 2009 could be compensated by developments favourable to cereal producers in
the years 2010-11.
While lower in absolute terms than in most other types of farming, cereal farms’ incomes
offered roughly average remuneration when expressed per person (AWU), as cereal
production requires relatively less labour.
Average income in specialist cereal farms in EU,
€ '000 / farm
Average cereal gross margins in the EU, €/ha
1200
common wheat
barley
1000
30
durum wheat
grain maize
farm net value added
farm net income
25
800
remuneration of family labour
20
600
15
400
10
200
5
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
0
2002
2011(e)
2010(e)
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
NB: Income indicators calculated for available FADN data only, i.e. till 2009; (e) - margins estimated on the basis of FADN and other data.
Commission européenne, B-1049 Bruxelles / Europese Commissie, B-1049 Brussel — Belgium. Telephone: (32-2) 299 11 11.
EU cereal farms report 2012
The analysis covers the accounting years from 2002 to 2009, and additional estimates of gross
margins have been made for 2010 and 2011. When considering development over time, it
should be borne in mind that there were significant policy changes during this period. The
main change was the decoupling of direct payments during 2004-06, which removed
subsidies from the value of cereal output. Also in some new MS the decoupling of
Complementary National Direct Payments in 2007 adversely affected the level of gross
margins, though not necessarily farm incomes, as the subsidies were received by the
producers in the form of area payments.
The analysis is based on data in the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) database.
The FADN is a system of sample surveys held each year and focuses on accountancy data
from farms. The data are fairly comprehensive in terms of covering farming activities, but
production costs are recorded only as an aggregate per farm. For the calculation of margins, it
was thus necessary to allocate costs to particular crops.
The next edition of this report, using FADN data till 2010, is scheduled for later this year.
2
EU cereal farms report 2012
Contents
1.
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 4
2.
COMMON WHEAT MARGINS................................................................................ 5
3.
DURUM WHEAT MARGINS ................................................................................... 7
4.
BARLEY MARGINS ................................................................................................. 9
5.
GRAIN MAIZE MARGINS ..................................................................................... 11
6.
INCOME OF FARMS SPECIALISED IN CEREAL PRODUCTION.................... 13
7.
VARIABILITY OF INCOME .................................................................................. 17
8.
CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................... 18
9.
ANNEX..................................................................................................................... 20
Details of methodology ............................................................................................. 20
Tables with detailed results....................................................................................... 23
Box 1: The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN)
The FADN1 is a European system of sample surveys held each year to collect structural and
accountancy data on farms. The aim is to monitor the income and business activities of
agricultural holdings and to evaluate the impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
The FADN surveys include only farms exceeding a minimum economic size (threshold) so as
to cover the most relevant part of the agricultural activity of each EU Member State, i.e. at
least 90 % of the Standard Gross Margin and 90 % of the Utilised Agricultural Area covered
in the Farm Structure Survey (FSS, Eurostat). For 2007, the sample consisted of over 78 000
holdings in the EU-27, representing 5.4 million farms (39 %) out of a total of some 14 million
farms included in the FSS.
The survey is intended to provide representative data in three dimensions: by region,
economic size and type of farming. The FADN is the only harmonised source of microeconomic data, which means that the accounting principles are the same for all EU Member
States.
The most recent FADN data available for this report are for the 2009 accounting year; this is
because of the time needed to collect, check and correct the data on all EU Member States.
Analysis of FADN data gives a unique insight into the economics of large populations of
farms in all EU MS and thereby makes it possible to focus the analysis on selected issues and
go beyond average results.
1
For more information on the FADN, see http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rica/index.cfm.
3
EU cereal farms report 2012
1.
INTRODUCTION
The report estimates margins in cereal production and provides indicators of the income of
farms specialised in cereal production in EU Member States. Gross, net, and net economic
margins are calculated and presented in the tables. The text mainly discusses gross margins.
As indicators of income, farm net value added, farm net income and remuneration of family
labour are presented. The analysis covers data from the accounting years from 2002 to 2009.
Gross margins have been additionally estimated for 2010 and 2011. The calculations are
based on data collected in the EU FADN database.
Cereal market situation in the period analysed
In the first half of the period analysed, European cereal producers experienced relatively
stable grain prices. In nominal terms, cereal prices in 2006 were 11 % higher than in 2002,
according to Eurostat. In real terms (deflated) they saw only a 2 % increase. However, the
average EU prices of durum wheat and barley fell in real terms between 2002 and 2006.
There were then major price fluctuations on the cereal market during 2007-11. First, in 200708, prices shot up by more than half, as demonstrated by Eurostat’s market price indices (see
Figures 1-4 below). Shortly after, prices fell rapidly again but in 2010 they recovered to levels
well above those noted before 2007 and in 2011 they grew further to levels almost doubling
those in 2006 and earlier. The prices received by the farms analysed in this report followed
quite closely the general trends for cereal prices. The occasional differences could be
explained by the fact that only a sample of specialised farms is analysed and by differences in
the methods of obtaining price data in Eurostat and in FADN.
Figure 2
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
Figure 3
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2002
2006
0
2005
EU durum wheat specialists' price index (based on
FADN data&est.)
Figure 4
Index of barley prices, nominal,
2002=100
250
EU-27 durum wheat price index(based on Eurostat)
50
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2002
0
2003
EU-27 common wheat price index(based on
Eurostat)
EU common wheat specialists' price index (based
on FADN data&est.)
50
Index of durum wheat prices, nominal,
2002=100
2004
Index of common wheat prices,
nominal, 2002=100
250
2003
Figure 1
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
Index of grain maize prices, nominal,
2002=100
EU-27 barley price index(based on Eurostat)
EU-27 grain maize price index(based on Eurostat)
50
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2002
4
2004
EU grain maize specialists' price index (based on
FADN data&est.)
0
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2002
0
2003
EU barley specialists' price index (based on FADN
data&est.)
2003
50
EU cereal farms report 2012
Box 2: Summary of the method used to estimate production costs
The FADN database contains information about output and subsidies per product, but as far
as costs are concerned, it only provides information for the farm as a whole. Hence, the direct
contribution of each enterprise to farm income is not available, which means that the
production costs by product have to be estimated. The EU FADN unit has built several
models to estimate costs and margins for the different products: arable crops, milk and beef,
and permanent crops. These models allocate farm costs to a particular product using different
ratios. The Annex gives details of the model used in this analysis to estimate cereal
production costs and margins.
From 2008, imputed costs for unpaid family factors are estimated (e.g. own capital costs). The
aim is to enable a comparison to be made between Member States with different structures in
terms of main production factors. The methodology for estimating the opportunity costs of
those factors is explained in the Annex.
The output, operating costs and gross margins (over operating costs) for 2010 and 2011 are
estimated on the basis of cereal price, yield and input price indices. Structures and subsidies
in cereal production are assumed to remain unchanged. These and the increased volatility of
prices observed on cereals markets in recent years mean that the resulting estimates are
approximate. The sources of the indices used are the following: for cereal prices and yields —
Eurostat and Directorate-General for Agriculture (DG AGRI), for inputs — Eurostat
databases (agricultural prices and price indices).
2.
COMMON WHEAT MARGINS
In volatile market conditions, producers with high yields were able to maintain profitability
even in a difficult year such as 2009.
Common wheat margins were calculated with data from annual samples of between 1 300 and
3 800 farms, representing between 68 000 and 200 000 farms (depending on the year)
specialised in common wheat production throughout the EU. About half of these farms were
in the EU-15. In the year 2009, these common wheat specialists represented farms that
accounted for 26 % of the area under common wheat in the EU.
The farms providing data for analysis had on average 70 to 100 ha of utilised agricultural area
(UAA), of which around half was under common wheat. In general, the acreage of farms in
the EU-15 was bigger by half than in the rest of the EU. In some MS, such as Italy, Greece or
Denmark, specialist farms were more dependent on the crop — the average share of common
wheat in UAA exceeded 60 %.
The workforce on farms was on average 1.3 AWU in 2009, but there were wide differences
among MS. In a few, the average was 0.6 AWU or less (Denmark, Finland), but it could also
exceed 3 AWU (in Bulgaria). Generally, the workforce engaged in farms in the EU-15 was
smaller than in the other Member States.
The yield in the farms analysed also varied widely. In Greece and Estonia it was usually
around 3 t/ha, while farms in the UK regularly reported over 8 t/ha. Denmark, France and
Germany were other high-yield producers. The average yield in 2009 was 5.7 t/ha for our
sample of specialised producers, 4 % lower than in the preceding year. A further decrease in
yields occurred in 2010, but yields are estimated to have picked up to 5.2 t/ha in 2011.
5
EU cereal farms report 2012
Figure 6
Common wheat operating costs, EU avg, €/ha
1000
600
other
500
800
400
600
fuels, energy, maintenance
300
400
crop protection
200
seed
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2011(e)
2010(e)
0
2009
2008
fertilizers
100
direct payments
gross margin
2006
2005
2003
2002
0
2004
grain and straw
operating costs
2007
200
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
The average price received by specialist common wheat farmers fell in 2009 by 21 % to 119
€/t, the lowest level since 2005. By contrast, the subsequent years 2010 and 2011 brought
wheat prices back close to the record 2007 levels of around 200 €/t. The volatility of prices
was much higher from 2007 onwards than at the beginning of the decade.
After a sharp rise in operating expenses to above 600 €/ha in 2006-08, the costs of producing
common wheat fell in most MS in 2009, to around 560 €/ha for the EU as a whole. Costs
declined for most categories, in particular for motor fuels. The year 2010 brought relative
stability of expenditure, but costs picked up again in 2011. The biggest item in operating costs
was expenditure on fertilisers. It continued increasing in 2009 to reach 156 €/ha, fell the year
after but climbed again in 2011. Together with pesticides, fertilisers accounted for 45 % of
operating expenditure in the cost structure, and together with fuels and energy, they topped
57 % in 2009.
The margins between receipts and operating costs (i.e. gross margins) for common wheat
production exceeded 500 €/ha annually before 2004, but decreased thereafter to less than half
that level in 2005-06. Decoupling direct payments for wheat was the main influencing factor,
but the inclusion of lower-margin producers from new MS also reduced the EU average.
Soaring prices in 2007 then raised margins to pre-2004 levels, with the EU average at 455
€/ha and that for the EU-15 topping 600 €/ha. But prices eased the following year and fell
even further in 2009. Since costs of production contracted only a little, the EU margin fell to
as low as 146 €/ha in 2009. That result was the lowest in recent years, with many producers
recording actual losses. However, a major improvement in profitability is estimated for the
years 2010-11, when wheat prices shot up again.
German producers appeared most resistant to the adverse market developments in 2009. Their
average gross margin of 280 €/t, although a third lower than the previous year, was the
highest in the EU. That resulted mainly from very good yields as prices and costs in Germany
stood at about the EU average. Favourable price developments in 2010-11 lifted German
common wheat margins up to 700 €/ha and perhaps more. Three other MS — Spain, Italy and
the UK — had gross margins above 200 €/ha in 2009. The first two had relatively good prices
for grain, and the UK excelled in yield. All the high-margin producers mentioned, along with
France, are estimated to be leaders in that respect also in 2010-11 although at a much higher
level of profitability of production.
6
2011(e)
700
2010(e)
1200
2009
Common wheat - determinants of gross
margins with coupled payments, EU avg, €/ha
2008
Figure 5
EU cereal farms report 2012
Figure 7
Figure 8
Common wheat gross margins, €/ha
Common wheat receipts, €/ha
1600
700
1400
600
1200
500
1000
400
800
300
600
200
400
100
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
Worsening profitability in 2009 resulted in negative gross margins in some Member States.
Finnish results, already in the red the year before, fell to a new floor at below –300 €/ha.
Producers in Sweden lost 100 €/ha, more than those in Estonia and Greece. There were
several reasons for this. Producers in the northern EU suffered very low grain prices of 100
€/t or less, and those in Finland and Sweden additionally faced high costs. Problems in
Estonia and Greece resulted primarily from very low yields, and a relatively good price
situation in Greece only partly compensated for the low production. Except for Finland,
which continued to incur losses in wheat production, gross margins in these MS are estimated
to have bounced back to well above zero in 2010-11, although they would still be among the
lowest in the EU.
3.
DURUM WHEAT MARGINS
Operating costs continued their upward trend and only farmers who could keep their costs
in check while receiving coupled subsidies were able to survive the problematic years easily.
A group of 900-1 400 sample farms were selected to calculate these margins. They
represented 65 000-86 000 farms in the EU-27 specialised in durum wheat production. In
2009, the sample farms represented 49 % of the area under durum wheat production in the
EU.
The farms devoted on average 18 ha to durum wheat in their 29 ha holdings in 2009. The
average was dominated by Italian and Greek farms with, respectively, 18 ha and 12 ha per
holding. French and Spanish farms had about 40 ha of durum wheat in their 86 ha farms but
they were fewer in our sample and influenced the EU average less. Durum wheat specialists
obtained two thirds of their farm output from that crop, except in France, where specialist
durum wheat farms derived almost half of their output from other sources. For other MS there
were not enough specialist durum wheat producers in the FADN database to distinguish them
in the analysis.
The average yield for durum wheat was 3.3 t/ha in 2008, slightly less (-5 %) than the year
before. Italy was very close to the average, with Spain and Greece at around 3 t/ha in 2009.
French durum wheat yields were significantly higher, at almost 5 t/ha, but in the last decade
they had been seemingly on a slightly downward trend with further decreases towards 2011.
By contrast, those in the other three MS were on their way up, although at a level still much
lower than in France.
7
2011(e)
2010(e)
EU
2009
2008
EU2
2007
2006
2003
2002
EU10
2005
EU15
0
2011(e)
2010(e)
EU
2009
2008
EU2
2007
2006
EU10
2005
2003
2002
0
2004
EU15
2004
200
EU cereal farms report 2012
The price of durum wheat was relatively stable at around 150 €/t up to 2006 for the farms
analysed before nearly doubling in 2007-08. The year 2009 brought prices back to below 200
€/t, a level which continued to be relatively good. Prices recovered thereafter to reach again in
2011 the high levels recorded at their previous peak.
Figure 9
Figure 10
Durum wheat - determinants of
gross margins, EU avg, €/ha
1200
Durum wheat operating costs, EU avg, €/ha
700
600
1000
500
800
other
400
fuels, energy, maintenance
crop protection
300
200
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
The estimated operating costs for producing durum wheat peaked in 2008 and then fell by
12 % to 520 €/ha in 2009. After a year of stability at that level, production costs went up again
in 2011. While the costs displayed similar dynamics in various Member States, they were at
different levels among them. French producers spent almost twice as much per hectare, nearly
900 €/ha, than elsewhere. They paid particularly large amounts for crop protection and
fertilisers, and also for seeds, which helped them secure outstanding yields. By contrast,
Spanish farms apparently produced durum wheat at a cost not exceeding 400 €/ha in 2009,
paying the least among MS for seeds and fertilisers. Accordingly, their yields were low and
they varied greatly in relative terms from one year to another.
Margins decreased further in 2009 after peaking in 2007. The average gross margin of 162
€/ha for durum wheat in the EU was less than half that of the year before and less than a third
of the record level two years earlier. Durum wheat margins were set to improve significantly
in 2010-11 for all MS except Greece.
Producers in Spain appeared the least vulnerable to adverse economic conditions and secured
almost 300 €/ha in 2009. This was the highest of the four MS analysed and ‘only’ a third
lower than a year earlier. Several factors contributed to that result. Spain enjoyed a low level
of costs with an average level of prices, which provided a good mark-up from the start, and an
increase in yields. The latter was exceptional because durum yields were generally lower in
2009. The remaining direct payments to durum wheat in Spain provided an additional cushion
in that difficult season. The level of margin changed little the following year but in that period
French and Italian margins exceeded those of Spain. However, with another twist in yield
levels Spain is estimated to be again among the leaders in durum wheat profitability in 2011.
French producers suffered an outstanding reduction in their operating margins in 2009, by
over 400 €/ha in a year. Such a low level of less than 60 €/ha was unseen earlier or later in
French durum wheat production. It resulted from a combination of much lower prices and
smaller yields, with costs running very high. Had it not been for the remaining coupled
subsidies, French durum wheat producers would have operated at a loss. A significant
8
2011(e)
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2011(e)
2010(e)
2010(e)
seed
0
2009
2008
2007
fertilizers
100
direct payments
gross margin
2005
2004
2002
2001
0
2003
grain and straw
operating costs
2006
200
2009
400
2008
600
EU cereal farms report 2012
recovery of prices in 2010 and 2011, however, apparently restored very good profitability in
their operations.
Figure 11
Figure 12
Durum wheat gross margins, €/ha
0
0
-100
2011(e)
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
Production of durum wheat in Greece provided quite a different picture of profitability. The
2006 dip in gross margin, which actually turned negative in Greece, resulted from the
reduction of subsidies to durum wheat production. While in 2007 high prices raised margins
back to pre-2006 levels in other MS, in Greece they recovered only partly. A rise in costs,
unchanged yields and a relatively mild improvement in prices were to blame. Greek
producers managed to improve the yield by over a quarter compared to 2008, but their costs
rose even faster. Fertilisers, seeds, energy and fuels contributed most to that increase.
Although farmers still managed to secure positive gross margins in 2008, they became
negative in 2009 as prices dropped. The subsequent years brought no significant change to
profitability in Greece due to the continuation of relatively weak prices in 2010 and a
combination of lower yields and higher operating costs in 2011. The lack of a significant
recovery in Greece contrasted with the situation in other MS analysed, which were able to
benefit better from a rise in prices, mainly thanks to higher yields.
4.
BARLEY MARGINS
Against a background of depressed prices, control of yields and costs provided much help
during market volatility. Italy stood out thanks to better prices, while countries such as the
UK and Ireland were able to increase their already high yields.
Samples of 800-1 500 farms specialised in barley production were used to calculate margins
for particular years. Most barley specialists were in Spain, which also has the EU’s largest
barley growing area. For 2009, the sample farms represented 21 % of the barley production
area in the EU.
The specialised farms selected for calculating margins had on average 42 ha of barley in
2009. That figure varied widely among MS — from about 10 ha in Italy, Greece and Poland
to 60 ha and more in the UK, Estonia and the Czech Republic. This was principally a
reflection of farm structures and sizes in the various MS. The share of barley area in these
farms’ UAA was between 50 % and 70 %. Irish and Danish farms had the highest proportions
of barley area, and Germany, Lithuania and Estonia the lowest.
The workforce averaged 1 AWU on those farms, with more than 1.5 AWU on farms in
Estonia and the Czech Republic, and about 0.5 AWU on Danish and Finnish farms.
9
2011(e)
200
IT
2010(e)
100
FR
2009
400
ES
2008
200
2002
600
2010(e)
300
2009
800
2008
400
2007
1000
2006
500
2005
1200
2004
600
2003
1400
2002
EL
700
2007
IT
2005
FR
2004
ES
2003
EL
1600
800
2006
Durum wheat receipts, €/ha
1800
EU cereal farms report 2012
The average yield for the EU sample fell below 3 t/ha in 2009, mainly because of a significant
yield reduction in Spain. In the rest of the EU the picture was mixed. Yields tended to rise
where they were high already (even above 6 t/ha), such as in Ireland, UK and Germany. In
Spain, Greece and the Baltic States they trailed at around 3 t/ha.
Figure 13
Figure 14
Barley - determinants of gross margins with
coupled payments, EU avg, €/ha
450
direct payments
gross margin
400
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
After two years at exceptionally high levels, prices returned to normal and averaged 120 €/t in
2009, falling by about 30 % in a year. In a few MS they fell below 100 €/t (e.g. Lithuania,
Poland), but in some — Greece, Italy — they declined relatively less and stayed closer to
150 €/t. EU barley prices quickly rose again and in 2010-11 were back at the levels observed
in 2007-08.
After a record high in 2008, operating costs calculated per hectare fell on average in the EU
by 13 % to 342 €/ha. Generally, the higher the initial level of costs the steeper the fall. As a
result, the differences between average cost levels in groups of MS (EU-15, EU-10, EU-2)
narrowed. The most significant reductions were on motor fuels, seeds and fertilisers.
However, when calculated per tonne of grain, production costs increased at EU level because
the drop in barley yields (-22 %) in 2009 was steeper than the fall in production costs. The
level of costs in 2010 was estimated to remain largely unchanged, but it picked up again the
following year, with fuel and fertiliser expenditure rising particularly quickly.
Average EU gross margins in barley production were around 300 €/ha up to 2004. In 2005-06
they fell sharply to below 200 €/ha. In the two years that followed, they were significantly
higher, at 400 €/ha in 2007 and around 300 €/ha in 2008. The increases in those two years
stemmed from very good prices for barley, but falling prices and growing costs restricted the
margins in 2008. The 2009 margins were particularly low, at 50 €/ha on average in the EU,
because of the ongoing price decline. Costs receded, too, but only a little. The 2010 margins,
driven by prices rising again, recovered more than expected and approached 300 €/ha. A
further increase in prices, faster than the rise in costs, is estimated to have raised the average
EU margin to the level of 400 €/ha or above in 2011.
There was a wide variation in margins among MS. In 2009, Italy had the highest average, at
335 €/ha. That was quite high, given a bad year, and double the second highest margin,
achieved by producers in Ireland. The result was obtained mainly on the receipts side, thanks
to the highest prices. Solid yields contributed to the Italian result, too. These advantages were
reinforced by lower than typical costs, with fertiliser and crop protection expenditure well
below the EU average. Italy’s top position was also due to the deterioration in Irish margins,
10
2011(e)
2010(e)
2009
2011(e)
2008
seed
2007
0
fertilizers
2006
0
fuels, energy, maintenance
crop protection
2005
50
other
2002
100
100
2010(e)
150
200
2009
300
2008
200
2007
250
400
2006
500
2005
300
2004
600
2003
350
2002
700
2004
grain and straw
operating costs
800
2003
900
Barley operating costs, EU avg, €/ha
EU cereal farms report 2012
usually the highest. But the slump in prices combined with a high level of costs reduced
Ireland’s gross margins to 154 €/ha. UK farms’ results followed, with 126 €/ha, propped up
by excellent yields (above 6 t/ha) and relatively good prices but, like in Ireland, constrained
by massive expenses per hectare. The only other MS with operating margins above 120 €/ha
in 2009 was Lithuania. Interestingly, that result was obtained in a quite different way — with
low levels of both prices and costs. Yet the yields of 3.4 t/ha allowed Lithuanian producers to
obtain the second highest, after Italy’s, margin per tonne of barley produced.
Figure 15
Figure 16
Barley gross margins, €/ha
Barley receipts, €/ha
500
800
EU15
450
700
EU10
EU2
EU
400
600
350
500
300
400
250
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
In four MS the operating margins became negative in 2009. The preceding year’s pair of
Finland and Greece was joined by Denmark and Poland. Losses sustained by Finnish and
Danish farmers were particularly severe, at more than -200 €/ha. They had very high costs,
and they were the only two MS where the cost level per hectare rose in 2009. Relatively good
yields were not sufficient to compensate for that and for the price level dropping to 100 €/t
and less.
Estimates for 2011-12 suggest significant growth of operating margins, driven by rising prices
and, in fewer cases, by improving yields. Only in Finland are they projected to remain
negative as production costs there, especially fertilisers, fuels and energy, are rising
particularly fast.
5.
GRAIN MAIZE MARGINS
Income and margins per hectare of maize were better than for any other grains. Costs and
yields varied widely among the Member States but prices stayed quite uniform. This gave
positive margins in all MS but huge differences in their levels — from 20 to 700 €/ha.
To calculate the margins, data were taken from a selected group of specialised farms. For
grain maize, up to about 2 000 sample farms were used, representing up to 180 000 farms in
the EU. In 2009, they represented 27 % of the grain maize area in the EU. There were enough
farms with the required minimum specialisation level in 10 maize-growing Member States.
The average acreage for grain maize was 14-18 ha in the sample analysed. In a group of MS
composed of Germany, France, Poland and Hungary maize was grown on areas 2-3 times
larger than that, and on large Slovak farms the crop could be grown on 80-100 hectares. At
the other end of the spectrum were farms in Greece, Portugal and Romania with less than 10
ha. In the Mediterranean MS, maize production was mostly irrigated. Grain maize took up
about half of the UAA in the farms analysed.
11
2011(e)
2010(e)
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
2011(e)
2010(e)
EU
2009
2008
EU2
2007
2006
EU10
2005
2003
2002
2004
EU15
0
EU cereal farms report 2012
The workforce on specialist grain maize farms was about 1 AWU on average. In 2009 it
ranged from 0.7 in Greece to 1.4 in Poland and Romania, with the exception of Slovak farms,
which required over 4 AWU per holding. Yields of grain maize varied in 2009 from below 5
t/ha in Romania to above 12 t/ha in Greece. Generally, producers in the EU-15 had higher
yields than those from other MS. Yields grew significantly in most MS in 2011.
Figure 17
Figure 18
Grain maize - determinants of gross margins
with coupled payments, EU avg, €/ha
800
other
1500
600
900
fuels, energy, maintenance
400
crop protection
200
fertilizers
600
300
seed
2007
2006
2005
2004
2002
2011(e)
2010(e)
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2003
0
0
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
In 2009, the prices received by the sample farms for grain maize were 10 % lower than
recorded a year earlier, and some 40 % below the record 2007 levels. Averaging 125 €/t, they
were the lowest since 2005. Grain maize prices picked up strongly in 2010-11, nearly to the
level observed in 2007.
Operating costs for producing grain maize were on the increase up to 2008, but reached a high
plateau during the two years that followed. At 853 €/ha, the level of costs in 2009 was 5 %
below that of the preceding year. Yet for EU-15 or EU-10 producers the costs in 2009 were
30 % higher than five years earlier, but the inclusion of lower-cost producers in the EU-2
halted the rise in EU average costs after 2007. The costs appear to have increased sharply
again in 2011.
Unlike grain maize prices, which varied greatly between years but little between MS, the
costs of production changed slowly over time but were quite different between MS. The highcost producers in Greece and France spent over 1 200 €/ha in 2009. At the other end of the
scale were grain maize specialists in Romania, who spent 400 €/ha. The variation of yields
was larger than that of prices but smaller than that of costs of production.
Before 2004, the average EU gross margin (with coupled payments) in grain maize
production exceeded 800 €/ha. In the period 2004-06 it was markedly lower, for two reasons.
First, the EU enlargement encompassed markets with lower margin levels. For the producers
in the EU-15, a parallel process of decoupling of subsidies occurred, which disconnected most
aid from the production of maize, thus depressing margins. The 2007 rally of prices more than
compensated for these factors, lifting maize margins to unprecedented levels. Yet when prices
dropped to their lows soon afterwards while increased costs crept in, margins quickly
subsided. In 2009 the EU average was 290 €/ha, the lowest in a decade. In general, producers
in the EU-15 recorded margins above that average, and those in other MS below. Unlike for
the other grains discussed earlier, no MS average fell below zero in 2009. In the two years
that followed the price level changed dramatically, again, and margins climbed very quickly,
probably to the level previously enjoyed in 2007.
12
2011(e)
1200
2010(e)
1800
1000
direct payments
gross margin
2009
grain and straw
operating costs
2008
2100
Grain maize operating costs, EU avg, €/ha
EU cereal farms report 2012
Figure 19
Figure 20
Grain maize gross margins, €/ha
Grain maize receipts, €/ha
2500
1400
EU15
EU10
EU2
EU
1200
2000
1000
1500
800
600
1000
400
500
200
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
The diversity of results was wide in 2009, from below 20 €/ha in Slovakia to 700 €/ha in
Spain. Slovak producers repeatedly had low margins for maize, because of below-average
prices and yields, coupled with relatively significant cost levels, especially for seeds, crop
protection and fuels. On the one hand, such low profitability per hectare was compensated by
very large growing areas, but on the other, their farms engaged a large workforce, which
diminished profitability calculated per person. Margins in France (70 €/ha) were the second
lowest in 2009, due to the second-highest costs there (esp. fertilisers, crop protection and
overheads).
Spain is where grain maize margins are consistently the best in the EU. Such was the situation
in 2009, too, when the gross margin at 704 €/ha exceeded by half the second-highest result, in
Italy. Spanish producers enjoyed high receipts from maize thanks to good prices and yields
together with the remaining coupled subsidies. At the same time their production costs were
around the average level. With lower overheads, their expenditure was relatively higher on
specific production costs, such as seeds and water. As a result, Spanish production costs
calculated per tonne of grain were among the lowest in the EU.
Estimates for 2010-11 suggest that, at a much higher level of values, Spain continued having
the best margins, France’s results improved rapidly on price and joined the top bracket, and
those in Slovakia remained at the bottom of the scale as yields declined there and costs per
tonne stayed high.
13
2011(e)
2010(e)
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
2011(e)
2010(e)
EU
2009
2008
EU2
2007
2006
EU10
2005
2003
2002
0
2004
EU15
EU cereal farms report 2012
6.
INCOME OF FARMS SPECIALISED IN CEREAL PRODUCTION
Despite low unit margins in comparison with other sectors, large growing areas and
efficient operation allowed cereals producers to obtain an income per person comparable
with other agricultural sectors. Only in a very favourable year, such as 2007, are cereals
farmers able to cover all their costs. In most years, they are dependent on public support.
EU farms specialising in the production of cereals in 2009 had 18 ESU2 in terms of economic
size. However, there were large differences between MS in this respect. British cereal farms
were the biggest, with about 100 ESU. German and French farms followed closely, with
about 70 ESU. Also, Slovak and Czech cereal farms were well above the average size, with
about 50 ESU/farm. At the other end of the spectrum were Romanian cereal farms (5 ESU),
with those in Greece and Cyprus not much bigger (8-10 ESU). In general, cereal farms in the
new MS (EU-12) were smaller in economic terms than those in the EU-15.
Figure 21
Figure 22
Utilised agricultural area (UAA) in cereal
specialist farms, ha/farm
70
Economic size of cereal specialist farms,
ESU/farm
30
60
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI
25
50
20
40
15
30
10
0
0
EU10
2004
2003
2002
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
EU15
EU2
2009
5
2008
EU2
2007
EU10
2006
EU15
10
2005
20
In terms of farm area, there was no split between old and new MS. While the average cereal
farm had about 50 ha UAA in 2009, farms twice this size or more were predominant in
Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, the Baltic states, Sweden, Slovakia and the UK.
Farms in Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Poland and Romania were among the smallest. About 50 % of
the UAA on cereal farms was rented by farmers, but practices varied widely among MS.
Farms in Bulgaria or Slovakia relied almost entirely (over 90 % of the area) on rented land.
By contrast, those in Denmark rented less than a quarter of the farmed area. In between, there
was wide variation, with the farms in new MS tending to rent a larger proportion of the
farmed area.
The average workforce on cereal farms was about 1 AWU — slightly less in the EU-15 and
somewhat more in the EU-12. Farms in the EU-12 also relied more on hired labour. Swedish,
British and Estonian cereal farms had over 100 ha UAA for each AWU. In Romania and
Greece, the ratio was less than 25 ha/AWU.
2
The economic size of farms is expressed in terms of European Size Units (ESU). ESU, in addition to the
area or the number of animals, takes into account the potential profitability of production, influenced for
instance by the yield level. Please note that the FADN survey, by definition, does not cover the smallest
farms in the MS. Also, a large proportion of cereal production is on mixed production farms, which can be
very large in MS with former state farm structures.
14
EU cereal farms report 2012
Specialist cereal farms obtained 96 % of their output from crop production. The average
number of livestock units (LU) was about 1 per farm. Cereal farms had varying degrees of
intensity as measured by the ratio of total inputs to UAA. Denmark used the most inputs,
followed by France. The lowest input use was seen in Spain and Portugal. The value of inputs
per farm peaked in 2008 and decreased the following year. Overall, EU-15 farms produced
more intensively than those in the new MS.
The Farm Net Value Added indicator (FNVA)3 for an average EU specialist cereal farm fell
in 2009 to € 10 800 from € 20 100 the year before and from a peak of € 28 000 in 2007.
Calculated by AWU, the estimate was € 10 000 for the EU average (see Fig. 23), 46 % lower
than in 2008. Such a level of income was the lowest since 2005. Farmers in all MS
experienced a reduction in income. The lowest level of FNVA was in Denmark, where the
indicator actually turned negative, and for farms in Finland and Sweden it was below € 5 000.
A few MS, nevertheless, such as the Czech Republic, Austria and the UK, were able to
maintain the income above FNVA € 30 000 per farm. In the Czech Republic, however, the
indicator expressed by AWU was much lower than in the other two MS since Czech farms
employed more people. The
Figure 23
indicator in the EU-15 was
Income components (€'000/farm) and an income indicator (€'000/AWU)
about half as much higher
60
Own capital cost
Inputs
per farm than in the EU-10
Subsidies
Output
and twice the level in the
50
FNVA / AWU
EU-2.
In 2009, like in many
previous years, the highest
30
incomes were enjoyed by
cereal producers in the UK.
20
With an FNVA of 45 000
10
€/AWU they earned four
times the EU average.
0
British producers owed this
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
result to a large (the second
largest) acreage farmed per
person. The output per hectare suffered much in 2009, so it was the size of farms which kept
the income relatively high. Costs fell too, but only very little, and their structure changed.
While expenditure on overheads and external factors decreased, the specific costs were
higher. In particular, expenditure on fertilisers increased to record high levels.
40
Danish cereal specialists’ income dropped so much in 2009 that their FNVA indicator became
negative, at around € -1 000 per farm. This meant heavy losses given that this does not include
costs of external factors of production. With these included, the loss amounted to € -28 000 by
farm. The problem in Danish farms was not in the values of output per hectare or per AWU,
which were rather high. The handicap was on the cost side, especially for overheads. Their
levels of cost per hectare were at the top of the scale, and — what was the direct cause of
negative results — their expenditure grew very strongly in 2008 and 2009, especially for the
already exorbitant costs of debt servicing.
3
Amount left for remuneration of the fixed factors of production (work, land and capital), whether external
or family factors.
15
EU cereal farms report 2012
In comparison with other types of farms (see Figures 26 to 28), those specialised in cereals
had incomes below the average except in particularly good years such as 2007. In a bad year
such as 2009, cereal farms’ incomes were not even at half of the mean value. However, given
the small workforce involved in running cereal farms, earnings from cereal production were
slightly better in terms of income per person. In 2009, an average income of € 10 000 FNVA
for cereal farms corresponded to 47 % of the average for all types of farms. But when
expressed per AWU incomes were 72 % of the average.
Figure 24
Figure 25
Total specific costs per farm, € '000
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI
Farm Net Value Added per AWU, € '000
18
40
16
35
14
30
12
EU15
EU10
EU2
25
10
20
8
15
6
10
4
EU15
2
EU10
EU2
5
0
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
Subsidies were very important for maintaining profitability in cereal farms. In most cases, in
terms of years and Member States, the output of farms was lower than the level of their costs
(see Fig. 23). This meant that cereal production without subsidies created losses. Only in the
year of record-high prices (2007) was it profitable in the EU on average. In 2009 cereals
would bring heavy losses to producers were it not for farm subsidies. Thanks to subsidies the
average remuneration of family labour became positive in cereal farms.
Figure 26
FNVA per farm in 2007-2009, €'000
16
Average all sectors
(8) Mixed
2009
(7) Granivores
2008
(6) Other grazing livestock
(4) Other permanent
crops
(3) Wine
(2) Horticulture
(1) Fieldcrops
Cereal specialists
2007
(5) Milk
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
EU cereal farms report 2012
Figure 27
FNVA per AWU in 2007-2009, €'000
30
2007
25
2008
2009
20
15
10
5
(8) Mixed
Average all sectors
(8) Mixed
Average all sectors
(7) Granivores
(6) Other grazing livestock
(5) Milk
(4) Other permanent
crops
(3) Wine
(2) Horticulture
(1) Fieldcrops
Cereal specialists
0
Figure 28
Farm Net Income per farm in 2007-2009, €'000
7.
2009
(7) Granivores
2008
(6) Other grazing livestock
(4) Other permanent
crops
(3) Wine
(2) Horticulture
(1) Fieldcrops
Cereal specialists
2007
(5) Milk
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
VARIABILITY OF INCOME
Average income figures hide a wide spectrum of results. In poor years their distribution
compressed toward lower values, but in a good year the distribution of results was less
concentrated — meaning higher average results in those years were a product of more
farms performing very well.
Average income figures presented earlier are drawn from a wide range of individual farm
results. As farms, farmers and circumstances in which they operate vary, so do their economic
results. Both in a good year and in a bad year there are farms with good results and those with
bad ones, with other farms in between. What changes are the proportions between these
groups. While FNVA/AWU in 2009 was € 10 000 on average, 53 % of sample farms analysed
had values above it. But in 2007, that is in a year of very good grain prices, 81 % of EU cereal
specialists analysed exceeded € 10 000 (see Fig. 29). Similarly, 13 % of the EU sample farms
analysed had negative values of FNVA/AWU in 2009, and in 2007 the equivalent proportion
was only 3 %.
Differences in average values between groups of MS are explained likewise. As illustrated
below (Fig. 30), higher average income in the EU-15 was a result of more farms having
17
EU cereal farms report 2012
higher income levels, whereas for the EU-10 and especially for the EU-2, larger proportions
of farms had lower income values. The same explanation is true for Member States. The UK
with the highest average income in 2009 had 11 % of cereal farms with negative results and
58 % exceeding € 10 000/AWU. In the same year 64 % of Danish cereal specialists were in
negative territory and only in 14 % of farms did the FNVA/AWU exceed € 10 000.
Figure 29
Figure 30
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI
share of
farms
50%
2007
25%
EU10
40%
2008
20%
EU15
share of
farms
EU2
30%
2009
15%
The differences between farm incomes depended on a combination of factors which could
vary for particular MS. In general, the main contributors to the income of cereal producers
were output, which in turn is a function of physical production (yields) and prices, and
subsidies. Output dominated as the main factor shaping income in all three groups of EU
Member States. In the EU-15 yields and prices almost equally influenced the output level,
with prices having the advantage. In the EU-10 it was similar, but with the output value
slightly more dependent on yields. But in the EU-2, it was clearly differences in the
production level (the yield) which were determining the level of output. There were
differences in the reliance on subsidies, too, as a contributor to income. Cereal specialists in
the EU-15, particularly in Greece and Portugal but also in Spain and Italy, were the most
dependent on subsidies for their income, and this reliance was often higher than that on prices
or yields taken separately. EU-2 countries depended the least on subsidies for their income. In
some MS, such as Denmark and Finland, also the factor of costs bore very strongly on the
income level. Especially overhead costs could depress income there. By contrast in Spain,
Portugal and Latvia the handling of costs contributed positively to the level of income in
cereal farms.
8.
CONCLUSIONS
The year 2009 was rather difficult for cereal producers in the European Union. Grain prices
declined from high levels, yields fell and production costs stayed high. As a result, the gross
margins obtained per hectare of cereals or per tonne of grain shrank by half in comparison
with the preceding year and were at a mere 40 % of a five-year average. When all costs borne
by farmers were taken into account, cereal margins actually turned negative in 2009 and
indicated that cereal production was on average not profitable that year in the EU. By
contrast, estimates for 2010 and 2011 point to a radical improvement in the profitability of
cereal crops, led by rising grain prices.
18
90 to 100
80 to 90
70 to 80
60 to 70
50 to 60
40 to 50
30 to 40
20 to 30
10 to 20
-30 to -20
90 to 100
80 to 90
70 to 80
60 to 70
50 to 60
40 to 50
30 to 40
20 to 30
10 to 20
0 to 10
0%
-10 to 0
0%
-20 to -10
10%
-30 to -20
5%
0 to 10
20%
10%
-10 to 0
30%
-20 to -10
35%
Distribution of income in 2009, € '000,
FNVA/AWU
Distribution of income in 2007-2009
€ '000, FNVA/AWU
EU cereal farms report 2012
The situation varied by type of cereal, at least as regards the levels of margins. While all
grains experienced a fall in profitability for the second consecutive year in 2009, some crops
were clearly paying better than others. Grain maize offered the best margins and suffered a
relatively small reduction in profitability. It lost on average less than 30 % of gross margin
compared to 2008, while the gross margin for barley, the worst hit, was cut by 80 %. With the
average EU gross margin at about 50 €/ha, the profitability of barley production was six times
lower than that of grain maize, with a margin nearing 300 €/ha. Wheat margins were situated
in between, at around 150 €/ha, with durum wheat a little higher than soft wheat. The years
2010-11 brought much better margins for all cereals, restoring profitability to the good levels
of 2007-08. It is estimated that grain maize benefited particularly from that improvement.
Figure 31
Figure 32
Average income in specialist cereal farms in EU,
€ '000 / farm
Average cereal gross margins in the EU, €/ha
1200
common wheat
barley
1000
30
durum wheat
grain maize
of which Subsidies and taxes
farm net value added
farm net income
remuneration of family labour
25
800
20
600
15
400
10
200
5
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
0
2002
2011(e)
2010(e)
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
Source: EU FADN — DG AGRI, arable cost allocation model. Note: 2010(e), 2011(e) — estimates based on 2009 data.
Various natural and human factors resulted in great differences in the profitability of cereal
production between Member States. In 2009, cereal producers in Italy were the least affected
by the difficult market conditions and enjoyed the best margins, although not exceeding 300
€/ha on average. They owed these margins to a combination of good prices, decent yields and
limited production costs. Farmers in Ireland and Spain were also able to earn nearly 200 €/ha
in gross margin. In other MS the profitability was much worse, with many producers losing
on the production. Average gross margins in Denmark, Sweden and Finland were
significantly negative, in Finland in the region of -300 €/ha.
Incomes of specialised farms covered in this report, although obtained from various farm
activities, depended primarily on the development of cereal margins and, accordingly, they
shrank significantly in 2009. Independently of the income indicator used, the 2009 incomes
seemed the lowest in years, comparable only to those from 2005. With all costs included,
average income was even significantly negative in a few MS, such as Denmark and Slovakia.
In many MS losses were limited or avoided only thanks to direct support. Income estimates
for 2010-11 have not yet been made, but the rise in margins suggests that the difficulties of
2009 could be compensated by developments favourable to cereal producers in the following
two years.
19
EU cereal farms report 2012
9.
ANNEX
Details of methodology
Cost definitions
Symbols in the table below refer to cost variables described in detail in table F in the FADN
farm return regulation4 and in the definitions of variables5 used in FADN standard results.
Operating
costs
Specific costs
Non-specific costs
Other farm
costs
Depreciation
Total external factors
— Wages paid
— Rent paid
— Interest paid
Own capital cost
F72 — Seeds and seedlings purchased
F73 — Seeds and seedlings produced and used on the farm
F74 — Fertilisers and soil improvers
F75 — Crop protection products
F76 — Other specific crop costs
F81 — Water
F60 — Contract work (machinery hire)
F61 — Current upkeep of machinery and equipment
F62 — Motor fuels and lubricants
F63 — Car expenses
F78 — Upkeep of land improvements and buildings
F79 — Electricity
F80 — Heating fuels
F82 — Insurance
F83 — Taxes and other dues
F84 — Other farming overheads
SE360 — Depreciation
SE370 — Wages paid
SE375 — Rent paid
SE380 — Interest paid
See the definitions below.
Own capital cost
– Own land cost: estimated on the basis of the rent that farm owners would have to pay if
they had to rent the land they are using.
This is estimated as the owned area multiplied by the rent paid per ha on the same farm or, if
there is no rented land on the farm, by the average rent paid per ha in the same region and for
the same type of farming.6
– Cost of own capital (except land): the cost of own capital (permanent crops, buildings,
machinery and equipment, forest land, livestock and crop stocks) is estimated at its
‘opportunity cost’, i.e. how much farmers could earn if they were to invest the equivalent
of the capital value in a bank.
The interest paid on the capital is not known, as this information is optional in the FADN
farm returns. Nevertheless, to take into account the actual interest rate paid for a farm, a
4
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008R0868:EN:NOT
5
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rica/definitions_en.cfm
6
If there are not enough farms (fewer than 20) in a given region for a given type of farming, the national rent
per ha for that type of farming is used (the TF8 classification is used).
20
EU cereal farms report 2012
‘weighted’ interest rate is calculated as the weighted average of this interest rate for debts,
and the long-term (LT) interest rate, taken from the Global Insight database, for net worth. If
the ‘weighted’ interest rate is lower than the LT interest rate (which means that the calculated
rate of interest paid is lower than the LT interest rate), the LT interest rate is used instead of
the ‘weighted’ interest rate.
Own capital value (excluding land and land improvement) is estimated as the average value
of the assets (closing plus opening valuation divided by 2) multiplied by the real interest rate.7
The figure is adjusted by subtracting the inflation rate8 from the nominal interest rate. Where
the inflation rate is higher than the interest rate, the real interest rate may be negative, leading
to a negative cost of capital, which will add to the profit (i.e. it is more profitable to invest in
farm assets than to put the money in the bank). The total circulating capital is not valued
because of the unreliability of this variable in some MS. Nevertheless, the value of crop
stocks is taken into account.
To calculate unpaid capital costs, we avoid double counting by deducting the interest paid
from the sum of the own land cost and the cost for own capital except land:
Own capital costs = own land cost + estimated cost for own capital except land — interest
paid
Costs allocation to particular crop production
Cost item per enterprise
Seeds & seedlings9
Fertilisers, crop protection, fuel
Water10
Other specific costs
Non-specific costs
Other farm costs
Allocation key
Output of the crop analysed / Output of arable crops
Output of the crop analysed / Output of crops & crop products
Output of irrigated crop analysed / Output of irrigated crops
Output of the crop analysed / Output of crops & crop products
Output of the crop analysed / Total output of the farm
Output of the crop analysed / Total output of the farm
7
Any increase in the value of assets is excluded from income calculations. For example, land appreciates in
value over time, which is one of the reasons why investors invest in land. This gain is not included in the
income, so it would not be consistent to include it in the cost of capital. In addition, in FADN, assets are
valued at replacement value. Depreciation is based on this replacement value and therefore already takes
any increase in prices (inflation) into account. Consequently, including the inflation part of interest in the
cost of capital would constitute double counting.
8
The inflation rate is based on the Eurostat annual average rate of change in the Harmonised Indices of
Consumer Prices (HICPs) — available from 1997. Inflation rates based on price indices for GDP and gross
fixed capital consumption have been tested, but they are very high and tend to yield very high negative costs
for capital, mainly in the EU-10. An inflation rate based on price indices for gross fixed capital consumption
has been tested, as this seemed to be more closely related to assets. However, this rate has tended to
fluctuate widely over the years in certain MS. In addition, land is one of the main assets and does not
depreciate. It follows that the inflation rate for gross fixed capital consumption must not be more closely
linked to the change in the price of agricultural assets than to the consumer price indices.
9
Seeds and seedlings are not allocated to permanent crops, as the corresponding item on the FADN farm
returns only refers to arable crops. Young trees and bushes for a new plantation are considered to be an
investment.
10
Some MS do not provide separate records for irrigated crops (this is the case for Italy). In such cases, farm
costs relating to water are allocated using the same allocation key as for farming overheads. However, this
cost is allocated only to crops that are likely to be irrigated (e.g. grain maize).
21
EU cereal farms report 2012
Estimation of selected output and cost items for 2010 and 2011
Selected output and cost items for 2010 and 2011 were estimated on the basis of the following
assumptions and calculations:
- crop areas assumed to be the same as in 2009 results,
- coupled subsidies assumed to be the same as in 2009 results,
- by-product values assumed to be the same as in 2009 results,
- 2010-11 cereal prices indexed based on Eurostat’s Price indices of agricultural products
- 2010-11 cereal yields indexed based on DG AGRI’s Outlook yield and production
estimates, which are based in turn largely on Eurostat data,11
- cereal output calculated from the above as areas x yields x prices,
- 2009 costs indexed on the basis of Eurostat price indices (Agricultural prices and price
indices,12 EAA Economic Accounts for Agriculture,13 and inflation rates where specific price
indices were not available14).
11
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=apro_cpp_crop&lang=en
12
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=apri_pi05_outa&lang=en
13
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=aact_eaa05&lang=en
14
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=prc_hicp_aind&lang=en
22
EU cereal farms report 2012
Tables with detailed results
page
Common wheat margins
24
Durum wheat margins
45
Barley margins
51
Grain maize margins
66
Income in specialist cereal farms
80
23
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU27
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from c. wheat production (avg. 53% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
1314
1350
2251
1962
2243
3769
3651
3224
Farms represented
number
71455
67268
96843
85365
94825
184207
198953
165262
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
93,0 102,4
86,4
87,6
94,0
83,4
73,4
68,7
Total labour input
AWU
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,3
1,6
1,3
1,3
Common wheat area
ha
46,5
49,2
43,3
44,4
45,4
40,8
38,6
36,3
36,3
in which irrigated area
ha
0,8
0,4
0,2
0,3
0,5
0,4
0,8
0,9
Common wheat production
t
328
316
295
292
295
213
228
206
173
Common wheat yield
t / ha
7,1
6,4
6,8
6,6
6,5
5,2
5,9
5,7
4,8
Common wheat price
€/t
103
126
103
99
128
200
150
119
181
Common wheat output
'000 €
33,9
39,8
30,3
29,0
37,6
42,7
34,2
24,5
31,2
Common wheat
ha
46,5
49,2
43,3
44,4
45,4
40,8
38,6
36,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,5
0,4
0,4
0,3
0,5
0,3
0,2
0,2
Grain maize
ha
1,5
1,2
2,3
1,4
1,5
3,1
3,7
2,9
Barley
ha
10,8
11,8
8,6
7,9
9,6
8,1
6,9
6,1
Oats
ha
1,2
1,4
1,0
0,9
1,1
0,8
0,9
0,7
Rye
ha
0,4
0,4
0,7
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,4
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,2
0,3
0,8
0,5
0,5
0,4
0,4
0,5
Total output
'000 €
64,1
74,9
57,0
55,7
71,4
77,3
63,3
46,1
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
652
11
107
828
14
27
1150
179
700
14
249
7
970
142
770
117
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
314
including:
Seeds
€/ha
56
Fertilizers
€/ha
121
Crop protection
€/ha
124
Water
€/ha
1
Other specific costs
€/ha
11
Non-specific costs
€/ha
253
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
44
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
71
Contract work
€/ha
47
Energy
€/ha
9
Other direct costs
€/ha
82
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
567
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
80
310
57
117
123
0
13
273
44
76
51
9
93
583
91
295
53
116
115
0
11
254
50
64
49
9
82
548
80
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
162
Total external factors
€/ha
188
- Wages paid
€/ha
53
- Rent paid
€/ha
93
- Interest paid
€/ha
43
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
284
- Family labour costs
€/ha
191
- Own capital cost
€/ha
93
168
196
54
98
43
396
198
198
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
241
567
37
88
188
5,2
191
35,9
870
134
888
10
16
1
916
155
674
12
15
1
702
124
861
12
15
1
889
187
989
12
15
1
1017
196
302
52
123
116
0
11
259
60
61
47
10
81
562
85
327
55
136
123
1
13
293
69
71
53
11
89
620
96
330
68
135
112
1
15
294
73
72
58
11
81
625
120
329
69
146
101
1
13
281
81
60
59
12
69
611
103
323
61
156
93
1
12
234
58
52
52
10
62
557
98
301
64
132
93
1
13
247
66
54
53
11
64
549
115
336
67
162
93
1
13
265
76
56
55
12
66
601
116
144
156
44
78
34
249
167
82
138
156
46
75
34
246
170
76
156
185
53
94
38
253
182
71
148
183
60
91
32
236
169
68
128
162
52
83
28
190
152
37
131
146
45
73
28
217
151
66
172
421
25
62
102
209
15
32
222
250
34
38
436
455
84
87
289
305
49
52
130
146
23
26
325
340
68
72
400
416
77
80
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-171
-123
-129
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
160
204
121
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-24
-19
-19
with coupled direct payments
€/t
23
32
18
-192
-85
-29
-13
-119
-91
-18
-14
105
124
20
24
-2
14
0
2
-147
-131
-26
-23
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-455
-519
-377
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-124
-192
-128
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-65
-81
-55
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-18
-30
-19
-438
-331
-67
-50
-372
-345
-57
-53
-132
-113
-25
-22
-191
-175
-32
-30
-363
-348
-64
-61
180
510
25
72
809
15
327
36,3
1047
12
19
2
1080
207
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
729
17
331
0
1077
153
2011
24
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU15
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 53% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
1314
1350
1261
1150
1390
2018
1866
1562
Farms represented
number
71455
67268
63016
61934
67660
101309
90189
73676
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
93,0 102,4 103,4
96,3 106,7
95,0
91,1
87,1
Total labour input
AWU
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,1
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,1
Common wheat area
ha
46,5
49,2
50,9
47,6
50,3
44,6
46,2
44,1
44,1
44,1
in which irrigated area
ha
0,8
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,7
0,5
0,7
0,7
Common wheat production
t
328
316
367
334
356
293
336
318
262
264
Common wheat yield
t / ha
7,1
6,4
7,2
7,0
7,1
6,6
7,3
7,2
5,9
6,0
Common wheat price
€/t
103
126
104
101
128
205
156
122
193
210
Common wheat output
'000 €
33,9
39,8
38,2
33,8
45,7
60,0
52,3
38,9
50,4
55,3
Common wheat
ha
46,5
49,2
50,9
47,6
50,3
44,6
46,2
44,1
Durum wheat
ha
0,5
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,7
0,5
0,4
0,5
Grain maize
ha
1,5
1,2
2,0
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,9
1,8
Barley
ha
10,8
11,8
10,8
8,9
11,1
10,3
10,1
9,2
Oats
ha
1,2
1,4
1,2
1,0
1,3
1,2
1,4
1,2
Rye
ha
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,2
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,2
0,3
0,5
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
Total output
'000 €
64,1
74,9
72,0
65,5
86,9 108,7
98,4
73,9
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
809
15
327
750
18
327
710
14
138
910
18
35
1344
19
31
1133
18
29
881
19
28
1142
19
28
1253
19
28
1150
179
1094
152
862
123
962
136
1394
212
1181
162
928
129
1189
201
1300
218
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
314
including:
Seeds
€/ha
56
Fertilizers
€/ha
121
Crop protection
€/ha
124
Water
€/ha
1
Other specific costs
€/ha
11
Non-specific costs
€/ha
253
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
44
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
71
Contract work
€/ha
47
Energy
€/ha
9
Other direct costs
€/ha
82
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
567
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
80
310
57
117
123
0
13
273
44
76
51
9
93
583
91
325
57
124
133
0
11
288
49
76
54
10
99
614
85
331
56
130
132
0
12
291
59
71
53
11
96
622
89
356
58
143
139
1
15
327
69
81
61
12
105
683
96
412
73
165
154
1
19
379
78
98
74
13
116
791
120
417
74
182
143
1
18
353
87
84
68
15
99
770
106
427
70
206
133
1
17
313
62
75
68
12
95
740
103
388
67
171
132
1
17
330
71
78
70
14
97
718
121
434
72
210
133
1
18
350
81
81
72
16
100
784
131
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
162
Total external factors
€/ha
188
- Wages paid
€/ha
53
- Rent paid
€/ha
93
- Interest paid
€/ha
43
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
284
- Family labour costs
€/ha
191
- Own capital cost
€/ha
93
168
196
54
98
43
396
198
198
166
188
50
96
41
298
200
98
153
183
52
91
40
288
199
89
173
218
59
114
45
289
208
80
195
235
68
121
46
328
228
101
177
205
55
109
41
279
217
62
177
194
52
100
42
301
214
87
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
241
567
37
88
154
481
21
67
102
239
14
34
245
280
35
39
572
603
87
92
381
411
52
56
160
188
22
26
443
471
75
80
488
516
82
86
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-171
-123
-199
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
160
204
127
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-24
-19
-28
with coupled direct payments
€/t
23
32
18
-235
-97
-33
-14
-146
-112
-21
-16
142
173
22
26
-1
29
0
4
-211
-183
-29
-25
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-455
-519
-497
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-124
-192
-170
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-65
-81
-69
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-18
-30
-24
-523
-385
-75
-55
-435
-400
-61
-57
-186
-155
-28
-24
-280
-250
-38
-34
-512
-484
-71
-67
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
729
17
331
0
1077
153
180
510
25
72
25
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU10
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 55% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
990
812
853
1368
1351
1211
Farms represented
number
33827
23432
27165
40073
34280
30238
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
54,8
64,4
62,3
62,6
66,1
64,6
Total labour input
AWU
1,2
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,4
Common wheat area
ha
29,3
36,1
33,4
31,4
36,2
34,9
34,9
34,9
in which irrigated area
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,3
0,0
0,2
Common wheat production
t
162
182
142
144
198
173
148
157
Common wheat yield
t / ha
5,5
5,0
4,3
4,6
5,5
5,0
4,3
4,5
Common wheat price
€/t
97
89
122
193
152
110
148
177
Common wheat output
'000 €
15,7
16,2
17,4
27,9
30,2
19,0
22,0
27,8
Common wheat
ha
29,3
36,1
33,4
31,4
36,2
34,9
Durum wheat
ha
0,0
Grain maize
ha
2,7
1,5
1,7
2,7
2,4
1,4
Barley
ha
4,5
5,4
6,2
6,2
6,4
5,3
Oats
ha
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,6
0,6
Rye
ha
1,2
1,2
0,9
0,9
1,0
1,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
Oth.cereals
ha
1,2
1,2
1,1
0,9
1,2
1,6
Total output
'000 €
29,0
29,8
32,9
50,8
53,8
34,9
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
536
3
0
28
566
103
450
1
0
521
1
0
451
89
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
195
39
93
56
0
7
143
52
23
33
5
29
338
61
200
38
98
59
889
3
832
2
545
1
629
1
796
1
522
122
14
906
197
6
841
154
6
552
112
6
636
150
6
803
179
5
149
62
27
26
6
29
349
69
221
44
108
64
0
5
164
69
32
26
7
30
385
90
291
62
139
82
0
7
229
86
52
38
8
45
519
113
348
64
178
98
0
8
275
99
52
60
7
56
623
114
281
45
153
75
0
7
177
68
34
32
7
37
458
93
264
44
138
75
0
7
187
75
34
32
7
38
451
106
301
53
167
74
0
7
204
86
36
34
8
39
504
112
74
53
23
19
11
89
58
31
84
56
25
19
13
95
65
30
91
61
30
19
12
120
81
39
127
94
46
32
16
136
104
32
124
100
45
32
24
127
120
7
108
82
36
27
19
159
100
59
228
229
41
41
102
102
20
20
137
137
32
32
387
387
84
84
218
218
40
40
94
94
19
19
185
185
43
43
299
299
67
67
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
102
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
102
without coupled direct payments
€/t
18
with coupled direct payments
€/t
18
-39
-39
-8
-8
-15
-15
-4
-4
166
166
36
36
-6
-6
-1
-1
-96
-96
-19
-19
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
13
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
13
without coupled direct payments
€/t
2
with coupled direct payments
€/t
2
-134
-133
-26
-26
-136
-136
-32
-32
29
29
6
6
-133
-133
-24
-24
-255
-255
-51
-51
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
26
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU2
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 56% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
383
434
451
Farms represented
number
42826
74484
61348
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
75,5
55,2
48,6
Total labour input
AWU
2,7
1,5
1,6
Common wheat area
ha
40,7
30,4
27,6
27,6
27,6
in which irrigated area
ha
0,3
1,1
1,6
Common wheat production
t
89
112
88
99
126
Common wheat yield
t / ha
2,2
3,7
3,2
3,6
4,6
Common wheat price
€/t
178
127
113
183
175
Common wheat output
'000 €
15,8
14,2
9,9
18,2
22,0
Common wheat
ha
40,7
30,4
27,6
Durum wheat
ha
0,0
0,1
Grain maize
ha
7,7
6,5
5,0
Barley
ha
4,7
3,3
2,8
Oats
ha
0,3
0,3
0,1
Rye
ha
0,1
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,2
0,1
Total output
'000 €
27,8
25,1
18,1
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
389
1
468
1
358
4
659
4
800
4
0
390
179
0
469
128
362
114
663
184
803
176
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
148
56
54
24
1
13
122
51
19
29
6
17
270
124
158
62
63
27
0
6
153
61
21
42
8
20
311
84
150
53
63
26
1
7
116
44
19
32
6
15
266
84
157
69
53
27
1
8
127
50
20
34
7
16
284
79
170
68
66
27
1
8
141
59
21
36
9
16
311
68
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
42
115
50
58
6
70
63
7
40
118
50
63
5
56
49
7
54
96
40
49
7
90
60
30
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
120
120
55
55
159
159
43
43
96
96
30
30
379
379
105
105
492
492
108
108
-38
-38
-17
-17
0
0
0
0
-54
-54
-17
-17
-108
-108
-49
-49
-56
-56
-15
-15
-144
-144
-45
-45
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
27
EU cereal farms report 2012
Bulgaria
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 54% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
261
238
188
Farms represented
number
5970
5785
5868
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
248,1 224,4 152,5
Total labour input
AWU
4,8
4,1
3,4
Common wheat area
ha
126,8 108,0
78,6
78,6
78,6
in which irrigated area
ha
0,2
Common wheat production
t
264
438
235
269
292
Common wheat yield
t / ha
2,1
4,1
3,0
3,4
3,7
Common wheat price
€/t
188
126
114
181
187
Common wheat output
'000 €
49,7
55,1
26,8
48,6
54,5
Common wheat
ha
126,8 108,0
78,6
Durum wheat
ha
0,1
0,5
0,0
Grain maize
ha
22,8
17,9
9,5
Barley
ha
16,8
17,2
11,4
Oats
ha
2,2
2,4
0,8
Rye
ha
0,3
0,3
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
0,5
0,5
0,3
Total output
'000 €
89,1 103,7
51,9
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
392
2
510
1
341
0
619
0
693
0
0
395
189
0
511
126
341
114
619
181
694
187
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
121
41
50
25
0
4
101
58
15
14
3
11
222
106
155
52
69
31
151
42
78
29
147
49
66
29
160
50
79
29
3
139
81
17
20
3
19
294
73
2
113
65
16
15
2
15
264
88
2
119
69
17
15
3
15
266
78
3
137
85
17
16
3
16
297
80
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
36
115
44
64
7
-5
5
-11
45
158
52
96
9
-18
9
-27
57
135
49
73
13
28
14
14
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
173
173
83
83
217
217
53
53
77
77
26
26
354
354
103
103
397
397
107
107
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
22
22
11
11
14
14
4
4
-115
-115
-39
-39
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
27
27
13
13
32
32
8
8
-143
-143
-48
-48
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
28
EU cereal farms report 2012
Czech Republic
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 51% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
92
62
110
212
157
96
Farms represented
number
1228
1046
1538
3014
1894
1019
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
142,8 115,0 121,8 106,2 140,4 173,5
Total labour input
AWU
2,4
1,8
2,2
1,9
2,3
2,4
Common wheat area
ha
77,0
63,9
64,7
56,7
76,8
93,2
93,2
93,2
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
436
313
326
263
373
481
435
496
Common wheat yield
t / ha
5,7
4,9
5,0
4,6
4,9
5,2
4,7
5,3
Common wheat price
€/t
96
92
118
194
161
103
172
174
Common wheat output
'000 €
41,7
28,9
38,5
51,1
60,1
49,5
74,8
86,5
Common wheat
ha
77,0
63,9
64,7
56,7
76,8
93,2
Durum wheat
ha
0,0
Grain maize
ha
4,9
2,2
5,4
8,4
11,2
7,2
Barley
ha
21,2
19,8
18,7
15,2
18,5
22,8
Oats
ha
2,1
1,7
0,7
0,8
0,4
1,8
Rye
ha
1,4
1,2
0,8
0,6
0,3
0,6
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
1,1
0,1
0,4
0,5
0,3
0,8
Total output
'000 €
82,9
58,5
77,7
95,3 116,3 103,0
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
542
2
453
2
596
1
902
3
783
1
531
2
803
2
929
2
544
96
454
93
596
118
905
195
783
161
533
103
805
172
931
175
194
51
71
70
181
50
63
64
222
55
81
77
280
65
104
108
306
68
115
121
269
58
109
99
232
56
87
85
255
62
108
81
2
178
62
35
28
4
49
372
66
4
185
65
38
40
5
37
366
75
9
238
77
81
34
7
40
460
91
3
320
89
135
41
10
45
600
129
2
325
97
130
36
11
50
630
130
3
242
81
70
36
8
47
512
99
4
254
90
70
37
9
47
485
104
4
267
99
72
37
10
48
522
98
63
92
53
33
6
86
64
22
72
68
33
29
6
115
83
32
109
90
46
37
7
135
100
35
159
96
49
42
5
157
125
33
149
121
65
49
7
93
109
-16
102
111
57
44
10
127
78
50
172
172
30
30
88
88
18
18
136
136
27
27
305
305
66
66
153
153
32
32
21
21
4
4
319
319
68
68
408
408
77
77
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
17
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
17
without coupled direct payments
€/t
3
with coupled direct payments
€/t
3
-52
-52
-11
-11
-63
-63
-12
-12
50
50
11
11
-117
-117
-24
-24
-191
-191
-37
-37
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-69
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-69
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-12
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-12
-166
-166
-34
-34
-198
-198
-39
-39
-107
-107
-23
-23
-210
-210
-43
-43
-319
-319
-62
-62
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
29
EU cereal farms report 2012
Denmark
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 55% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
84
112
106
86
89
132
69
104
Farms represented
number
3334
4245
4535
3550
3067
4112
2731
3660
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
46,4
51,2
50,9
54,2
66,1
62,4
49,1
53,5
Total labour input
AWU
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,5
0,6
Common wheat area
ha
27,0
28,4
28,3
33,7
40,3
32,7
29,0
35,3
35,3
35,3
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
201
200
193
234
274
211
227
273
220
225
Common wheat yield
t / ha
7,4
7,0
6,8
7,0
6,8
6,4
7,8
7,7
6,2
6,4
Common wheat price
€/t
98
122
111
102
125
209
154
109
172
170
Common wheat output
'000 €
19,7
24,4
21,4
23,9
34,3
44,1
35,0
29,7
37,8
38,2
Common wheat
ha
27,0
28,4
28,3
33,7
40,3
32,7
29,0
35,3
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
0,0
Barley
ha
8,8
9,3
9,2
8,3
9,5
11,2
8,4
6,8
Oats
ha
0,4
0,7
0,8
0,6
1,1
0,8
1,2
0,9
Rye
ha
0,4
0,6
0,2
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,7
0,5
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,2
0,1
0,3
0,4
Total output
'000 €
35,2
46,1
39,9
43,3
60,9
81,2
62,1
52,5
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
730
40
319
861
32
320
755
25
316
708
40
851
26
1347
27
1208
42
841
52
1071
52
1082
52
1089
147
1213
172
1096
161
749
108
877
129
1374
214
1250
160
893
116
1124
180
1134
178
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
300
including:
Seeds
€/ha
64
Fertilizers
€/ha
121
Crop protection
€/ha
93
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
23
Non-specific costs
€/ha
405
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
32
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
149
Contract work
€/ha
49
Energy
€/ha
16
Other direct costs
€/ha
159
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
705
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
95
287
63
100
95
287
66
105
93
272
60
108
82
268
52
98
87
358
67
134
102
424
83
138
115
418
72
172
95
363
64
132
86
413
70
177
83
29
398
35
144
53
13
154
685
97
24
403
37
140
63
11
152
690
101
22
396
43
124
69
15
146
668
96
32
393
49
130
63
15
136
661
97
55
479
57
166
79
16
161
837
130
88
502
68
171
70
16
177
926
118
79
464
44
161
77
15
168
882
114
81
480
49
164
78
17
171
842
135
83
502
58
167
80
20
176
914
144
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
175
Total external factors
€/ha
442
- Wages paid
€/ha
48
- Rent paid
€/ha
83
- Interest paid
€/ha
311
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
485
- Family labour costs
€/ha
283
- Own capital cost
€/ha
202
163
423
44
106
274
505
286
218
160
389
40
120
230
590
297
294
157
370
61
72
236
477
270
207
165
445
59
117
269
472
266
205
187
541
70
147
324
476
328
148
210
759
49
121
589
211
345
-134
202
608
50
105
453
294
294
-1
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
208
528
29
75
90
406
13
60
80
80
12
12
216
216
32
32
537
537
83
83
324
324
41
41
11
11
1
1
281
281
45
45
220
220
34
34
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-552
-379
-459
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-233
-59
-143
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-74
-54
-67
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-31
-8
-21
-446
-446
-64
-64
-394
-394
-58
-58
-191
-191
-30
-30
-645
-645
-82
-82
-799
-799
-103
-103
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-1037
-883 -1049
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-718
-563
-733
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-140
-125
-154
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-97
-80
-108
-923
-923
-133
-133
-866
-866
-127
-127
-667
-667
-104
-104
-855
-855
-109
-109
-1092
-1092
-141
-141
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
65
384
9
52
30
EU cereal farms report 2012
Germany
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 49% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
135
175
156
155
236
393
373
325
Farms represented
number
3265
4393
3588
3630
5818
8654
7745
5281
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
166,7 144,8 179,2 192,9 176,4 177,4 180,2 164,5
Total labour input
AWU
1,8
1,7
1,8
1,9
1,8
1,9
1,9
1,8
Common wheat area
ha
87,4
73,7
92,3 103,4
86,4
83,1
93,0
86,4
86,4
86,4
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
607
502
736
789
643
567
779
706
645
626
Common wheat yield
t / ha
6,9
6,8
8,0
7,6
7,5
6,8
8,4
8,2
7,5
7,2
Common wheat price
€/t
107
129
103
102
136
227
160
120
230
211
Common wheat output
'000 €
65,2
64,6
75,9
80,2
87,5 128,7 124,4
85,0 148,6 132,3
Common wheat
ha
87,4
73,7
92,3 103,4
86,4
83,1
93,0
86,4
Durum wheat
ha
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
Grain maize
ha
0,1
0,2
1,3
0,4
0,9
2,1
1,0
0,8
Barley
ha
16,3
16,3
18,4
20,1
22,5
23,8
23,7
20,1
Oats
ha
1,2
1,9
1,9
1,5
1,1
1,0
1,2
0,9
Rye
ha
2,2
1,0
2,5
1,5
1,2
2,3
2,6
1,7
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
1,2
1,2
1,4
1,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
0,4
Total output
'000 €
133,2 130,7 162,4 164,7 183,9 245,4 247,6 179,0
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
746
3
358
877
3
364
822
3
354
776
3
1013
4
1548
5
1338
9
984
7
1720
7
1531
7
1107
159
1244
182
1180
148
779
102
1017
136
1553
228
1347
161
990
121
1727
231
1538
212
324
59
120
137
292
52
112
116
327
54
130
130
382
65
152
150
562
96
230
209
518
74
251
161
362
57
146
136
342
55
125
139
378
65
143
146
7
312
70
76
45
8
114
636
93
11
309
78
64
56
9
102
600
75
14
293
90
63
40
11
90
620
81
14
341
95
81
49
10
106
723
97
27
443
121
108
61
12
140
1005
147
31
390
111
85
63
14
117
907
108
23
347
88
76
64
11
108
709
87
24
357
93
78
64
12
109
700
94
24
378
105
81
66
13
112
756
104
154
250
64
150
36
1213
158
1055
131
246
67
142
37
177
126
51
132
254
65
148
41
166
111
54
149
276
61
173
42
191
130
61
184
347
102
201
44
231
157
74
166
319
103
178
38
183
128
55
164
291
94
162
35
201
129
72
244
608
36
89
225
580
28
73
159
159
21
21
294
294
39
39
548
548
80
80
440
440
53
53
281
281
34
34
1027
1027
138
138
782
782
108
108
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-275
-160
-151
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
84
204
203
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-40
-23
-19
with coupled direct payments
€/t
12
30
26
-227
-227
-30
-30
-131
-131
-18
-18
18
18
3
3
-46
-46
-5
-5
-174
-174
-21
-21
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-465 -1373
-328
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-107 -1009
26
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-67
-201
-41
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-15
-148
3
-393
-393
-51
-51
-322
-322
-43
-43
-213
-213
-31
-31
-228
-228
-27
-27
-376
-376
-46
-46
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
303
including:
Seeds
€/ha
60
Fertilizers
€/ha
110
Crop protection
€/ha
124
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
10
Non-specific costs
€/ha
320
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
73
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
74
Contract work
€/ha
50
Energy
€/ha
9
Other direct costs
€/ha
114
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
623
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
90
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
141
Total external factors
€/ha
259
- Wages paid
€/ha
72
- Rent paid
€/ha
148
- Interest paid
€/ha
40
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
191
- Family labour costs
€/ha
134
- Own capital cost
€/ha
56
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
125
484
18
70
31
EU cereal farms report 2012
Greece
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of output from common wheat production (avg. 66% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
30
15
16
20
34
50
58
44
Farms represented
number
4205
1060
896
1549
2820
7304
9002
5836
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
15,2
29,0
41,9
25,6
32,0
19,8
18,6
21,0
Total labour input
AWU
0,9
0,9
1,1
1,0
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,8
Common wheat area
ha
8,5
16,1
22,0
16,3
17,3
13,3
12,4
13,8
13,8
13,8
in which irrigated area
ha
0,5
Common wheat production
t
26
42
83
54
44
43
43
40
41
46
Common wheat yield
t / ha
3,1
2,6
3,8
3,3
2,5
3,2
3,4
2,9
2,9
3,4
Common wheat price
€/t
134
150
145
124
131
217
189
138
183
231
Common wheat output
'000 €
3,5
6,4
12,0
6,7
5,7
9,2
8,0
5,6
7,5
10,7
Common wheat
ha
8,5
16,1
22,0
16,3
17,3
13,3
12,4
13,8
Durum wheat
ha
2,4
5,3
7,3
4,5
6,5
0,9
0,7
0,9
Grain maize
ha
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,2
0,5
Barley
ha
0,1
2,6
4,6
1,2
0,8
0,5
1,3
1,1
Oats
ha
0,1
0,1
Rye
ha
0,1
0,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
Total output
'000 €
6,6
10,6
18,8
9,6
8,8
12,0
12,0
8,6
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
410
396
547
412
331
697
648
404
540
777
154
152
153
155
564
185
549
208
700
186
567
171
331
131
697
217
648
189
404
138
540
183
777
231
198
50
98
40
237
54
126
45
214
40
125
40
211
56
101
46
219
63
106
40
287
76
161
42
255
56
153
35
228
55
125
36
237
55
133
36
11
105
48
26
29
2
0
304
115
13
130
63
16
39
6
6
367
98
9
162
62
27
51
13
9
376
113
8
205
68
33
61
7
36
416
164
10
200
75
22
80
11
11
419
131
9
227
92
29
84
10
13
514
150
11
199
89
20
68
9
12
454
155
12
230
113
21
71
12
12
457
155
12
257
135
21
74
14
13
494
147
145
103
2
100
262
196
66
159
158
1
155
3
238
175
62
165
131
9
122
0
284
264
20
160
150
4
144
2
236
189
47
214
133
2
130
1
352
259
93
170
130
4
122
4
320
267
53
176
112
7
101
3
330
242
88
92
245
35
93
179
332
48
88
36
191
11
58
-85
-85
-34
-34
278
278
87
87
134
134
39
39
-49
-49
-17
-17
83
83
28
28
283
283
84
84
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-103
-155
-138
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
51
-3
15
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-34
-59
-37
with coupled direct payments
€/t
17
-1
4
-260
-105
-78
-32
-394
-394
-156
-156
-69
-69
-22
-22
-166
-166
-48
-48
-337
-337
-115
-115
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-562
-417
-375
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-408
-265
-223
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-184
-158
-100
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-134
-100
-59
-544
-389
-164
-117
-630
-630
-249
-249
-422
-422
-132
-132
-486
-486
-141
-141
-667
-667
-228
-228
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
172
including:
Seeds
€/ha
50
Fertilizers
€/ha
84
Crop protection
€/ha
29
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
10
Non-specific costs
€/ha
95
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
39
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
16
Contract work
€/ha
31
Energy
€/ha
6
Other direct costs
€/ha
2
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
267
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
87
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
185
Total external factors
€/ha
61
- Wages paid
€/ha
4
- Rent paid
€/ha
57
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
458
- Family labour costs
€/ha
305
- Own capital cost
€/ha
153
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
143
297
47
97
32
EU cereal farms report 2012
Spain
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 60% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
203
169
161
125
138
249
311
269
Farms represented
number
16841
12647
9660
8742
7185
19905
15648
15032
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
58,6
78,6
77,7
64,7
81,2
44,1
57,2
57,3
Total labour input
AWU
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
1,0
0,7
0,7
0,7
Common wheat area
ha
28,4
35,3
35,1
29,1
34,4
25,0
31,7
30,3
30,3
30,3
in which irrigated area
ha
3,5
1,4
1,2
1,7
4,4
1,6
3,3
2,3
Common wheat production
t
94
109
118
68
117
92
119
105
122
134
Common wheat yield
t / ha
3,3
3,1
3,3
2,3
3,4
3,7
3,8
3,5
4,0
4,4
Common wheat price
€/t
129
130
135
133
145
192
193
166
196
242
Common wheat output
'000 €
12,2
14,3
15,9
9,1
17,0
17,8
23,1
17,5
23,9
32,4
Common wheat
ha
28,4
35,3
35,1
29,1
34,4
25,0
31,7
30,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,9
0,2
1,0
0,1
0,1
0,3
1,1
1,3
Grain maize
ha
0,1
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,2
0,2
0,4
0,4
Barley
ha
12,8
19,3
17,8
14,7
22,2
8,5
11,3
10,3
Oats
ha
0,4
0,5
1,1
0,9
1,0
0,6
0,6
0,5
Rye
ha
0,4
0,5
0,8
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,2
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,0
0,1
Total output
'000 €
19,7
25,7
29,3
16,2
32,0
26,0
35,8
25,2
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
428
7
188
404
15
169
452
19
165
312
6
171
494
8
44
711
7
18
728
2
25
576
4
24
787
4
24
1068
4
24
623
188
588
189
636
190
489
209
546
160
737
199
756
201
604
174
815
203
1095
249
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
152
including:
Seeds
€/ha
43
Fertilizers
€/ha
78
Crop protection
€/ha
17
Water
€/ha
10
Other specific costs
€/ha
3
Non-specific costs
€/ha
119
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
35
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
25
Contract work
€/ha
32
Energy
€/ha
3
Other direct costs
€/ha
24
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
271
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
82
122
36
66
17
2
1
98
33
18
29
2
16
220
71
129
39
71
16
1
2
102
30
25
26
5
15
231
69
135
40
68
18
6
3
122
37
19
34
12
20
256
110
137
40
67
19
11
1
137
46
29
36
4
23
274
81
173
77
72
11
5
8
138
49
19
54
2
14
311
84
209
73
100
20
9
7
172
56
31
60
5
20
381
101
193
75
83
22
5
7
145
44
14
60
5
21
338
97
179
71
74
22
5
7
156
53
14
62
6
22
335
83
199
75
89
22
6
7
170
63
14
63
7
22
369
84
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
46
Total external factors
€/ha
62
- Wages paid
€/ha
11
- Rent paid
€/ha
48
- Interest paid
€/ha
3
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
315
- Family labour costs
€/ha
218
- Own capital cost
€/ha
97
34
60
5
54
1
253
186
68
35
56
6
48
2
255
189
66
42
67
10
56
2
305
232
73
38
103
26
74
3
269
200
70
94
39
10
27
2
398
291
108
64
57
16
39
2
334
230
105
84
76
31
43
2
373
240
133
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
199
367
64
118
240
405
72
121
62
233
27
99
228
271
67
80
408
426
110
115
349
375
93
99
242
266
70
77
456
480
113
119
703
727
160
165
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
57
105
149
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
244
274
315
without coupled direct payments
€/t
17
34
45
with coupled direct payments
€/t
74
88
94
-48
123
-20
53
87
131
26
38
275
293
74
79
228
254
61
67
82
106
24
30
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-258
-148
-106
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-71
20
59
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-78
-48
-32
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-21
6
18
-353
-182
-151
-78
-183
-139
-54
-41
-124
-105
-33
-28
-106
-81
-28
-21
-291
-268
-84
-77
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
165
352
50
106
33
EU cereal farms report 2012
Estonia
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 52% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
22
16
21
24
29
24
Farms represented
number
144
100
155
266
216
195
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
228,2 214,2 253,2 191,2 230,0 259,4
Total labour input
AWU
2,0
1,7
1,9
1,8
1,7
1,7
Common wheat area
ha
96,5 111,9 123,4
74,9
97,8 131,5 131,5 131,5
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
268
350
318
261
347
392
318
311
Common wheat yield
t / ha
2,8
3,1
2,6
3,5
3,5
3,0
2,4
2,4
Common wheat price
€/t
108
98
111
184
124
100
162
157
Common wheat output
'000 €
28,8
34,4
35,5
48,0
43,1
39,2
51,3
48,7
Common wheat
ha
96,5 111,9 123,4
74,9
97,8 131,5
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Barley
ha
42,8
34,1
41,0
28,5
42,8
40,8
Oats
ha
3,1
5,0
5,8
11,7
11,3
9,7
Rye
ha
2,5
2,3
4,1
5,5
3,2
5,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
1,3
0,6
Oth.cereals
ha
0,2
1,1
Total output
'000 €
58,6
72,7
68,3
92,4
77,1
68,4
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
299
307
288
641
440
298
390
370
299
108
307
98
288
111
36
677
194
34
475
134
20
318
107
20
410
170
20
390
165
180
38
70
38
127
31
57
25
133
30
68
31
202
40
106
47
246
51
144
44
202
43
111
43
184
38
98
42
209
43
118
43
35
90
39
19
9
6
17
270
97
15
101
34
15
16
4
32
228
73
4
112
37
25
27
7
15
245
95
9
150
55
31
26
10
29
352
101
8
178
75
42
19
12
30
424
120
5
139
49
29
25
16
20
340
114
5
150
55
30
26
19
20
333
138
6
164
63
32
27
21
21
373
158
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
86
29
9
5
14
32
31
2
53
24
5
5
14
22
30
-8
55
31
9
6
16
27
33
-6
89
56
26
10
20
49
69
-19
126
72
32
8
32
-3
49
-52
98
61
31
10
19
97
34
63
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
28
28
10
10
79
79
25
25
43
43
17
17
325
325
93
93
51
51
14
14
-23
-23
-8
-8
77
77
32
32
17
17
7
7
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-87
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-87
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-31
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-31
2
2
1
1
-43
-43
-17
-17
180
180
52
52
-147
-147
-42
-42
-182
-182
-61
-61
-20
-20
-6
-6
-70
-70
-27
-27
131
131
38
38
-145
-145
-41
-41
-279
-279
-94
-94
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-119
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-119
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-43
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-43
34
EU cereal farms report 2012
France
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 50% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
466
386
402
342
435
573
480
383
Farms represented
number
21620
18436
20946
19014
23073
29113
24682
20137
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
112,5 114,1 111,1 106,2 114,1 115,6 109,7 106,7
Total labour input
AWU
1,4
1,4
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
Common wheat area
ha
53,9
53,1
52,4
50,4
52,3
51,0
52,1
50,5
50,5
50,5
in which irrigated area
ha
0,1
Common wheat production
t
418
341
405
363
368
354
398
407
363
344
Common wheat yield
t / ha
7,7
6,4
7,7
7,2
7,0
7,0
7,6
8,1
7,2
6,8
Common wheat price
€/t
99
121
98
95
122
191
152
116
185
186
Common wheat output
'000 €
41,3
41,3
39,5
34,6
44,8
67,6
60,7
47,4
67,4
63,9
Common wheat
ha
53,9
53,1
52,4
50,4
52,3
51,0
52,1
50,5
Durum wheat
ha
0,3
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
1,0
0,3
0,5
Grain maize
ha
4,5
3,4
5,1
3,1
3,3
2,7
5,0
5,2
Barley
ha
12,2
11,4
9,8
9,4
11,1
12,9
10,5
10,6
Oats
ha
0,5
0,6
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
Rye
ha
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,3
0,5
1,1
0,4
0,5
0,8
0,5
0,6
Total output
'000 €
81,8
83,5
79,3
70,6
88,9 131,7 121,8
96,3
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
766
8
369
779
9
368
754
10
365
686
4
350
856
5
89
1327
11
88
1165
12
85
939
9
79
1334
9
79
1265
9
79
1142
148
1155
180
1130
146
1040
144
950
135
1426
205
1261
165
1027
127
1422
198
1352
199
335
57
133
145
343
54
136
153
348
48
147
152
363
50
155
157
411
60
175
176
528
69
276
182
475
67
227
180
530
68
283
179
0
246
32
66
36
7
104
581
91
0
253
36
66
41
7
103
596
77
0
255
42
61
41
7
104
603
84
0
290
52
68
51
8
111
653
93
0
332
58
81
63
8
124
744
107
458
70
202
185
0
0
350
71
81
67
9
123
808
106
0
323
50
79
67
8
120
851
106
0
340
59
81
68
9
122
815
113
0
356
67
83
70
11
125
886
130
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
187
Total external factors
€/ha
175
- Wages paid
€/ha
29
- Rent paid
€/ha
109
- Interest paid
€/ha
37
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
199
- Family labour costs
€/ha
182
- Own capital cost
€/ha
17
196
178
31
110
37
200
189
11
202
167
25
109
34
213
205
9
173
157
23
105
30
219
209
10
200
181
29
117
35
220
211
9
220
203
34
133
36
252
229
23
214
193
31
126
36
220
224
-4
223
191
30
123
38
265
233
33
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
206
574
32
89
169
534
22
69
87
437
12
61
209
297
30
42
594
682
85
98
369
454
48
59
97
176
12
22
529
608
74
84
388
467
57
69
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-172
-168
-201
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
197
200
165
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-22
-26
-26
with coupled direct payments
€/t
25
31
21
-243
106
-34
15
-172
-83
-24
-12
171
259
25
37
-39
46
-5
6
-317
-239
-39
-30
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-371
-368
-414
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-2
0
-49
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-48
-57
-54
with coupled direct payments
€/t
0
0
-6
-462
-113
-64
-16
-392
-303
-56
-43
-80
7
-12
1
-259
-174
-34
-23
-583
-504
-72
-63
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
345
including:
Seeds
€/ha
55
Fertilizers
€/ha
138
Crop protection
€/ha
153
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
0
Non-specific costs
€/ha
238
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
32
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
63
Contract work
€/ha
33
Energy
€/ha
7
Other direct costs
€/ha
103
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
583
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
75
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
190
559
25
72
35
EU cereal farms report 2012
Hungary
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 53% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
202
119
93
185
169
117
Farms represented
number
10259
3780
4125
8160
6705
3757
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
45,2
78,3
59,8
59,2
50,2
71,5
Total labour input
AWU
0,6
0,9
0,8
1,0
0,8
0,9
Common wheat area
ha
24,1
43,4
30,8
29,8
27,4
37,9
37,9
37,9
in which irrigated area
ha
1,8
Common wheat production
t
133
189
123
109
135
155
126
142
Common wheat yield
t / ha
5,5
4,4
4,0
3,7
4,9
4,1
3,3
3,8
Common wheat price
€/t
95
83
104
190
152
107
145
175
Common wheat output
'000 €
12,6
15,7
12,8
20,8
20,6
16,6
18,3
24,9
Common wheat
ha
24,1
43,4
30,8
29,8
27,4
37,9
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
5,8
4,6
4,2
7,4
5,0
6,0
Barley
ha
2,9
3,1
2,8
3,3
2,7
3,2
Oats
ha
0,3
0,5
0,1
0,2
0,4
0,0
Rye
ha
0,1
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,7
1,1
0,3
0,4
0,7
0,6
Total output
'000 €
24,0
29,2
24,0
41,0
36,5
32,3
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
523
6
363
2
414
1
699
4
751
2
439
0
482
0
657
0
529
96
365
84
415
104
46
748
204
753
153
439
107
482
145
657
175
155
44
59
43
137
41
56
35
150
42
63
42
212
71
89
47
242
61
118
61
8
189
65
23
66
6
29
344
63
5
169
71
20
46
8
24
306
70
3
196
82
23
59
8
24
346
87
6
251
101
29
58
6
56
463
126
3
263
92
29
80
5
57
505
103
206
49
100
53
1
3
192
77
30
49
5
32
398
97
197
50
89
53
1
3
209
88
31
51
6
33
406
122
224
57
110
53
1
3
226
100
32
53
7
35
450
120
76
74
31
26
18
66
48
18
73
77
32
23
22
52
37
15
65
72
25
29
17
77
52
25
139
123
60
46
17
59
58
2
121
87
33
35
19
128
80
48
78
94
41
41
12
106
52
54
185
185
34
34
59
59
14
14
70
70
17
17
285
285
78
78
248
248
50
50
41
41
10
10
75
75
23
23
208
208
55
55
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
35
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
35
without coupled direct payments
€/t
6
with coupled direct payments
€/t
6
-91
-91
-21
-21
-68
-68
-17
-17
23
23
6
6
40
40
8
8
-131
-131
-32
-32
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-31
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-31
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
-144
-144
-33
-33
-145
-145
-36
-36
-36
-36
-10
-10
-88
-88
-18
-18
-237
-237
-58
-58
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
36
EU cereal farms report 2012
Italy
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 58% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
61
65
63
110
106
162
153
133
Farms represented
number
6121
6937
6154
9896
8932
9910
10421
9243
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
13,0
15,6
12,1
13,1
15,9
19,2
17,2
17,2
Total labour input
AWU
0,8
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,9
0,8
1,0
0,9
Common wheat area
ha
8,6
10,0
8,0
8,2
9,9
11,0
10,2
11,3
11,3
11,3
in which irrigated area
ha
1,3
1,4
0,6
1,4
1,3
1,0
1,7
Common wheat production
t
45
54
47
48
57
63
58
64
65
67
Common wheat yield
t / ha
5,2
5,4
5,9
5,8
5,8
5,7
5,6
5,7
5,8
6,0
Common wheat price
€/t
142
149
132
139
145
219
179
151
210
249
Common wheat output
'000 €
6,3
8,1
6,2
6,7
8,3
13,7
10,3
9,7
13,6
16,7
Common wheat
ha
8,6
10,0
8,0
8,2
9,9
11,0
10,2
11,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,2
0,2
0,3
Grain maize
ha
0,9
1,9
1,2
1,3
0,9
2,0
2,4
1,6
Barley
ha
0,1
0,1
0,4
0,2
0,4
0,7
0,4
0,5
Oats
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Rye
ha
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,2
0,0
0,4
Total output
'000 €
10,7
13,2
10,6
11,8
14,1
24,1
18,1
16,7
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
742
38
322
811
27
263
773
84
281
809
43
842
47
1248
44
1007
41
865
48
1212
48
1484
48
1103
211
1101
202
1137
194
852
146
889
153
1292
227
1049
187
914
159
1261
218
1533
257
239
78
86
73
225
74
87
60
210
84
72
50
2
332
88
57
48
0
139
571
105
4
274
73
26
66
3
106
499
85
3
304
84
29
77
0
114
514
88
221
70
91
52
4
4
288
76
24
93
0
94
509
88
314
102
134
66
4
8
391
111
39
122
2
117
706
124
305
103
131
60
0
10
380
118
38
90
10
125
685
122
300
99
120
68
2
10
368
106
39
81
14
129
667
116
287
97
110
67
2
11
380
112
40
82
14
131
667
115
313
102
128
69
2
11
403
127
41
84
16
135
716
120
257
189
45
144
1
1417
1218
199
178
108
19
76
13
1553
1318
235
238
106
42
63
2
1277
1025
252
219
106
39
67
0
1360
1093
267
222
157
71
84
2
1048
806
243
285
79
15
64
1
1537
1337
200
277
95
22
73
0
1344
1108
236
267
530
49
97
358
639
61
109
337
337
58
58
381
381
66
66
587
587
103
103
364
364
65
65
246
246
43
43
594
594
103
103
817
817
137
137
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-9
-179
72
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
313
84
352
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-2
-33
12
with coupled direct payments
€/t
60
15
60
-7
-7
-1
-1
55
55
10
10
207
207
36
36
0
0
0
0
-126
-126
-22
-22
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-1672 -1596 -1481 -1284
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-1349 -1333 -1200 -1284
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-319
-293
-253
-220
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-258
-245
-205
-220
-1305
-1305
-225
-225
-841
-841
-148
-148
-1537
-1537
-274
-274
-1471
-1471
-257
-257
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
202
including:
Seeds
€/ha
71
Fertilizers
€/ha
82
Crop protection
€/ha
46
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
3
Non-specific costs
€/ha
235
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
60
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
27
Contract work
€/ha
66
Energy
€/ha
0
Other direct costs
€/ha
82
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
437
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
83
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
256
Total external factors
€/ha
97
- Wages paid
€/ha
11
- Rent paid
€/ha
85
- Interest paid
€/ha
1
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
1663
- Family labour costs
€/ha
1428
- Own capital cost
€/ha
235
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
344
666
66
127
37
EU cereal farms report 2012
Lithuania
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 58% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
240
195
140
203
201
200
Farms represented
number
2315
2263
2455
3140
2414
2706
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
111,3 101,6 103,2 106,5 152,8 143,4
Total labour input
AWU
1,8
1,7
1,8
1,8
2,1
1,9
Common wheat area
ha
53,3
52,6
51,1
48,9
78,7
73,7
73,7
73,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
273
261
156
234
471
387
260
267
Common wheat yield
t / ha
5,1
5,0
3,1
4,8
6,0
5,3
3,5
3,6
Common wheat price
€/t
94
83
114
181
148
107
139
173
Common wheat output
'000 €
25,8
21,5
17,9
42,3
69,9
41,6
36,1
46,3
Common wheat
ha
53,3
52,6
51,1
48,9
78,7
73,7
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Barley
ha
15,8
14,6
16,9
18,2
22,8
13,8
Oats
ha
0,4
0,3
0,9
0,3
0,7
0,9
Rye
ha
0,4
0,9
0,4
0,8
1,9
2,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,0
0,4
0,2
0,1
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
2,1
1,8
3,3
2,6
7,0
6,8
Total output
'000 €
46,3
38,6
33,3
73,2 114,4
70,8
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
484
1
409
0
350
0
865
0
888
0
565
1
490
1
628
1
484
95
409
83
350
114
41
906
190
38
926
155
29
594
113
29
520
147
29
658
181
197
36
92
54
187
32
97
50
190
40
99
47
282
58
151
64
353
56
208
78
319
43
194
70
316
41
190
74
381
43
253
74
16
78
43
15
2
3
14
275
54
7
87
48
17
4
3
15
274
55
4
86
48
17
4
3
14
277
90
8
130
67
30
5
4
23
411
86
10
144
83
30
4
4
23
497
83
11
114
60
24
2
4
25
433
82
12
125
69
25
2
5
25
442
125
12
149
85
30
2
6
26
530
146
51
33
13
15
5
59
39
21
55
37
13
18
6
54
44
9
60
38
12
18
9
55
50
4
93
67
19
30
18
53
68
-16
103
76
24
31
21
-8
61
-69
111
73
21
28
23
144
53
92
209
209
41
41
135
135
27
27
74
74
24
24
495
495
104
104
430
430
72
72
161
161
31
31
78
78
22
22
127
127
35
35
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
126
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
126
without coupled direct payments
€/t
25
with coupled direct payments
€/t
25
44
44
9
9
-24
-24
-8
-8
334
334
70
70
250
250
42
42
-23
-23
-4
-4
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
67
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
67
without coupled direct payments
€/t
13
with coupled direct payments
€/t
13
-10
-10
-2
-2
-79
-79
-26
-26
282
282
59
59
258
258
43
43
-167
-167
-32
-32
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
38
EU cereal farms report 2012
Latvia
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 58% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
73
70
79
119
129
143
Farms represented
number
520
487
547
1101
1029
1304
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
258,4 227,6 307,9 231,7 253,8 226,3
Total labour input
AWU
3,3
2,7
3,6
2,9
3,0
2,7
Common wheat area
ha
136,0 125,1 168,8 120,5 137,7 120,4 120,4 120,4
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
550
513
578
498
691
509
356
332
Common wheat yield
t / ha
4,0
4,1
3,4
4,1
5,0
4,2
3,0
2,8
Common wheat price
€/t
104
90
120
183
148
117
157
187
Common wheat output
'000 €
57,2
46,0
69,2
91,1 102,0
59,7
56,0
62,0
Common wheat
ha
136,0 125,1 168,8 120,5 137,7 120,4
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Barley
ha
24,7
24,4
34,0
26,6
28,0
21,6
Oats
ha
3,4
1,7
2,0
3,1
3,8
3,4
Rye
ha
3,2
3,5
3,3
3,7
8,3
5,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,3
0,8
0,0
0,1
0,2
Oth.cereals
ha
2,4
1,3
1,5
1,0
1,3
3,0
Total output
'000 €
104,3
88,5 126,3 147,4 171,0 100,5
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
420
0
368
2
410
2
757
1
741
0
496
1
465
1
515
1
421
104
370
90
412
120
758
183
742
148
497
118
466
158
516
187
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
170
33
77
49
183
34
95
47
211
45
106
52
283
54
151
70
348
54
197
76
281
42
153
72
261
41
137
70
292
56
155
66
10
147
61
21
19
5
42
317
78
7
139
67
21
18
3
29
322
78
9
150
73
26
17
4
29
361
105
8
203
86
40
24
6
48
487
118
21
225
106
46
20
7
45
573
114
14
176
81
33
19
7
35
457
108
14
183
90
31
19
8
35
444
150
15
203
105
33
20
9
36
496
180
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
74
54
25
11
18
0
15
-14
73
47
19
10
18
-3
18
-21
85
69
32
14
22
-6
16
-23
107
108
48
17
43
-29
28
-57
121
117
57
15
45
-66
30
-96
124
110
52
15
43
72
33
39
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
104
104
26
26
48
48
12
12
51
51
15
15
272
272
66
66
168
168
34
34
40
40
9
9
21
21
7
7
20
20
7
7
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-24
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-24
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
-72
-72
-18
-18
-103
-103
-30
-30
56
56
14
14
-70
-70
-14
-14
-194
-194
-46
-46
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-25
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-25
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
-69
-69
-17
-17
-97
-97
-28
-28
85
85
21
21
-4
-4
-1
-1
-266
-266
-63
-63
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
39
EU cereal farms report 2012
Poland
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 55% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
340
333
399
602
643
617
Farms represented
number
19130
15592
18175
23904
21610
21117
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
39,6
45,2
43,2
41,9
44,3
35,3
Total labour input
AWU
1,2
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,3
Common wheat area
ha
22,2
26,3
24,1
21,3
25,4
20,0
20,0
20,0
in which irrigated area
ha
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,3
0,1
0,0
Common wheat production
t
133
147
115
111
149
109
92
96
Common wheat yield
t / ha
6,0
5,6
4,8
5,2
5,9
5,5
4,6
4,8
Common wheat price
€/t
98
92
130
201
153
111
147
178
Common wheat output
'000 €
13,1
13,5
14,9
22,2
22,7
12,1
13,5
17,1
Common wheat
ha
22,2
26,3
24,1
21,3
25,4
20,0
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
1,2
0,9
1,1
0,8
1,1
0,6
Barley
ha
2,0
2,7
3,3
3,0
3,2
2,3
Oats
ha
0,6
0,5
0,5
0,4
0,4
0,3
Rye
ha
1,8
1,5
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,8
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,2
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,3
Oth.cereals
ha
1,4
1,3
1,0
0,8
0,7
1,0
Total output
'000 €
23,4
24,3
28,0
40,3
41,4
22,5
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
589
2
514
1
619
1
1040
3
896
3
606
1
674
1
854
1
65
656
109
514
92
620
130
1044
201
898
154
607
111
676
147
855
178
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
223
35
122
64
0
1
126
46
24
26
5
26
349
58
237
36
124
74
4
153
62
31
21
6
33
390
70
257
43
132
77
0
5
165
70
29
24
7
34
422
89
341
61
172
100
0
8
226
85
46
40
9
45
567
109
397
69
202
119
0
7
327
106
49
91
8
72
724
124
293
41
165
83
0
3
188
61
33
43
7
44
480
88
274
41
145
84
0
3
195
65
33
44
8
45
469
102
306
51
168
84
0
3
207
72
34
46
8
47
513
107
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
83
35
13
13
9
132
77
55
102
54
27
16
11
140
88
52
105
57
33
13
11
179
110
69
124
81
44
25
13
236
152
84
126
104
47
31
26
227
177
50
115
63
28
21
14
227
170
57
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
307
307
51
51
124
124
22
22
198
198
42
42
477
477
92
92
174
174
30
30
127
127
23
23
207
207
45
45
342
342
71
71
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
189
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
189
without coupled direct payments
€/t
32
with coupled direct payments
€/t
32
-31
-31
-6
-6
35
35
7
7
272
272
52
52
-56
-56
-10
-10
-51
-51
-9
-9
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
57
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
57
without coupled direct payments
€/t
10
with coupled direct payments
€/t
10
-171
-171
-31
-31
-143
-143
-30
-30
36
36
7
7
-283
-283
-48
-48
-278
-278
-51
-51
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
40
EU cereal farms report 2012
Romania
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 57% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
122
196
263
Farms represented
number
36856
68699
55481
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
47,5
41,0
37,6
Total labour input
AWU
2,4
1,2
1,4
Common wheat area
ha
26,8
23,9
22,2
22,2
22,2
in which irrigated area
ha
0,4
1,2
1,7
Common wheat production
t
60
84
72
80
103
Common wheat yield
t / ha
2,3
3,5
3,2
3,6
4,7
Common wheat price
€/t
171
128
112
184
174
Common wheat output
'000 €
10,4
10,8
8,1
14,7
18,0
Common wheat
ha
26,8
23,9
22,2
Durum wheat
ha
0,0
0,1
Grain maize
ha
5,3
5,5
4,5
Barley
ha
2,7
2,2
1,9
Oats
ha
0,0
0,2
0,1
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,2
0,1
Total output
'000 €
17,8
18,5
14,6
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
387
0
452
1
364
5
663
5
810
5
387
171
453
128
369
114
668
185
815
175
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds
€/ha
Fertilizers
€/ha
Crop protection
€/ha
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
Contract work
€/ha
Energy
€/ha
Other direct costs
€/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
169
68
56
24
2
19
139
46
23
40
8
21
307
136
159
65
61
25
0
7
158
54
23
51
10
20
317
90
149
57
57
25
1
9
118
36
20
39
8
15
266
82
161
76
48
27
1
10
129
42
21
41
9
16
291
81
174
74
61
27
1
10
143
49
23
44
11
17
317
68
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
48
115
55
54
6
130
108
21
38
102
50
49
4
87
66
22
54
79
37
39
4
115
78
37
79
79
35
35
137
137
39
39
103
103
32
32
378
378
105
105
498
498
107
107
-84
-84
-37
-37
-4
-4
-1
-1
-30
-30
-9
-9
-214
-214
-95
-95
-91
-91
-26
-26
-145
-145
-45
-45
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
41
EU cereal farms report 2012
Finland
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 57% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
32
47
47
46
44
56
52
33
Farms represented
number
2382
3670
3306
3141
2960
3937
3078
2075
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
61,3
54,7
61,7
56,9
61,2
63,6
70,2
63,5
Total labour input
AWU
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,6
Common wheat area
ha
31,5
27,5
31,1
26,0
29,5
29,7
32,7
28,7
28,7
28,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
121
104
116
105
114
127
124
127
96
108
Common wheat yield
t / ha
3,8
3,8
3,7
4,0
3,8
4,3
3,8
4,4
3,4
3,8
Common wheat price
€/t
130
121
106
89
121
209
166
101
185
173
Common wheat output
'000 €
15,7
12,6
12,3
9,3
13,8
26,6
20,6
12,8
17,8
18,7
Common wheat
ha
31,5
27,5
31,1
26,0
29,5
29,7
32,7
28,7
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Barley
ha
9,4
7,6
9,3
10,6
8,2
10,3
15,9
12,3
Oats
ha
3,3
2,2
2,2
1,6
2,3
1,6
3,7
2,2
Rye
ha
2,2
1,0
1,4
0,4
1,9
2,4
0,9
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,2
Oth.cereals
ha
Total output
'000 €
26,9
21,4
21,2
17,1
25,0
45,6
37,9
23,8
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
499
395
359
258
457
0
246
467
0
896
0
628
0
447
0
621
0
652
0
261
251
757
197
703
185
656
175
609
152
467
121
896
209
628
166
447
101
621
185
652
173
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
228
including:
Seeds
€/ha
45
Fertilizers
€/ha
129
Crop protection
€/ha
50
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
5
Non-specific costs
€/ha
357
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
50
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
110
Contract work
€/ha
32
Energy
€/ha
29
Other direct costs
€/ha
137
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
586
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
152
225
56
108
52
227
49
120
53
229
48
118
57
222
47
119
45
228
55
116
48
262
71
137
48
361
61
230
58
356
59
234
51
435
64
310
49
9
351
59
93
32
29
139
576
152
5
352
64
89
36
31
133
580
155
7
398
79
113
31
26
149
628
156
11
382
77
102
42
24
137
604
157
9
461
83
120
59
31
167
688
161
7
493
121
145
44
28
156
756
200
12
448
85
117
60
33
152
809
183
12
477
100
122
61
39
154
833
248
12
528
129
125
63
51
160
963
255
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
275
Total external factors
€/ha
107
- Wages paid
€/ha
15
- Rent paid
€/ha
54
- Interest paid
€/ha
39
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
399
- Family labour costs
€/ha
240
- Own capital cost
€/ha
159
289
124
23
66
36
419
256
163
285
114
18
58
38
437
238
199
294
103
14
50
39
425
239
186
270
127
17
56
54
379
207
172
293
131
17
66
48
444
258
187
315
141
24
74
43
392
258
134
265
153
31
89
33
453
254
199
-119
127
-31
33
-185
76
-49
20
-269
-19
-67
-5
-137
-137
-36
-36
208
208
48
48
-127
-127
-34
-34
-361
-361
-82
-82
-212
-212
-63
-63
-311
-311
-82
-82
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-469
-532
-584
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-211
-287
-323
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-122
-140
-156
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-55
-76
-86
-666
-415
-166
-103
-534
-534
-139
-139
-217
-217
-51
-51
-583
-583
-154
-154
-780
-780
-176
-176
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-868
-952 -1021 -1091
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-610
-706
-760
-840
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-226
-251
-273
-271
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-159
-186
-203
-209
-913
-913
-237
-237
-661
-661
-154
-154
-975
-975
-258
-258
-1233
-1233
-278
-278
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
-87
171
-23
45
42
EU cereal farms report 2012
Sweden
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 51% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
37
38
35
33
33
60
50
38
Farms represented
number
2277
2163
1617
1835
1728
2567
3028
1486
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
96,3
91,4
88,4
95,6 114,0 127,5
95,1 128,5
Total labour input
AWU
0,7
0,7
0,6
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,7
0,8
Common wheat area
ha
41,9
44,4
36,3
43,1
46,2
52,3
36,3
55,7
55,7
55,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
249
238
206
295
274
324
216
341
290
288
Common wheat yield
t / ha
5,9
5,4
5,7
6,8
5,9
6,2
5,9
6,1
5,2
5,2
Common wheat price
€/t
102
108
96
95
108
220
193
99
135
153
Common wheat output
'000 €
25,4
25,8
19,7
28,1
29,6
71,3
41,6
33,9
39,0
44,2
Common wheat
ha
41,9
44,4
36,3
43,1
46,2
52,3
36,3
55,7
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Barley
ha
9,8
6,3
9,7
11,7
10,8
16,7
18,5
18,1
Oats
ha
9,8
12,0
9,3
8,1
11,3
10,1
7,2
12,5
Rye
ha
1,5
1,0
2,5
1,2
4,8
3,8
2,1
3,7
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,2
Oth.cereals
ha
Total output
'000 €
46,7
51,2
39,6
55,9
58,8 135,6
82,1
68,3
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
606
2
287
580
3
291
542
1
281
651
3
640
0
1364
7
1145
14
608
8
701
8
793
8
895
151
874
163
824
146
654
96
641
108
1370
221
1160
195
616
101
709
136
801
155
283
60
146
62
262
59
142
48
295
63
165
55
336
64
182
63
399
79
199
83
393
85
205
76
398
73
234
69
335
69
185
58
376
73
222
57
15
240
54
71
40
40
35
523
97
12
290
69
72
63
36
50
552
98
12
303
79
78
42
48
57
598
87
27
310
80
73
61
49
48
647
109
38
394
92
103
77
47
74
793
128
27
449
108
127
90
54
70
842
142
23
318
65
103
30
37
83
716
117
23
330
70
106
30
40
84
665
128
24
344
76
108
30
44
86
720
139
196
147
93
54
289
201
89
195
123
6
60
57
413
258
155
166
131
2
82
48
381
280
101
154
161
3
105
53
356
267
90
175
270
42
176
52
351
250
101
137
243
49
125
69
379
285
94
117
203
59
106
37
245
165
80
60
350
11
65
-9
272
-2
48
56
56
8
8
-6
-6
-1
-1
578
578
93
93
317
317
53
53
-100
-100
-16
-16
43
43
8
8
81
81
16
16
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-429
-284
-326
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-142
7
-45
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-72
-53
-58
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-24
1
-8
-242
-242
-35
-35
-321
-321
-54
-54
133
133
21
21
-63
-63
-11
-11
-420
-420
-69
-69
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-755
-573
-739
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-468
-282
-458
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-127
-107
-131
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-79
-53
-81
-623
-623
-91
-91
-677
-677
-114
-114
-219
-219
-35
-35
-442
-442
-74
-74
-665
-665
-109
-109
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
284
including:
Seeds
€/ha
55
Fertilizers
€/ha
149
Crop protection
€/ha
61
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
20
Non-specific costs
€/ha
289
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
76
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
79
Contract work
€/ha
61
Energy
€/ha
31
Other direct costs
€/ha
41
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
573
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
96
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
246
Total external factors
€/ha
218
- Wages paid
€/ha
25
- Rent paid
€/ha
105
- Interest paid
€/ha
88
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
326
- Family labour costs
€/ha
218
- Own capital cost
€/ha
107
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
35
322
6
54
43
EU cereal farms report 2012
United Kingdom
farms specialised in the production of common wheat: 40 % or more of outputfrom common wheat production (avg. 56% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
232
303
237
202
223
273
252
191
Farms represented
number
9800
11737
10609
8840
9747
12648
10331
8994
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
189,8 187,6 186,7 211,9 206,3 195,6 195,6 178,3
Total labour input
AWU
1,8
1,7
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,7
1,7
1,4
Common wheat area
ha
97,6
88,9
95,5 103,9
95,9
89,4 101,2
89,3
89,3
89,3
in which irrigated area
ha
Common wheat production
t
838
718
786
872
837
702
893
761
706
713
Common wheat yield
t / ha
8,6
8,1
8,2
8,4
8,7
7,9
8,8
8,5
7,9
8,0
Common wheat price
€/t
100
126
105
102
130
206
143
123
183
188
Common wheat output
'000 €
84,2
90,6
82,2
88,9 109,2 144,5 128,1
93,5 129,4 134,4
Common wheat
ha
97,6
88,9
95,5 103,9
95,9
89,4 101,2
89,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
Grain maize
ha
0,1
0,4
0,3
0,0
0,0
Barley
ha
15,5
13,8
11,9
8,5
11,4
11,2
12,2
11,2
Oats
ha
2,3
1,8
2,1
2,2
3,3
3,7
5,3
4,2
Rye
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,3
0,0
0,1
0,3
Total output
'000 €
156,7 163,6 142,1 166,1 192,8 245,2 226,8 170,5
Receipts from common wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
863
28
361
1019
17
359
861
25
343
856
23
1138
38
1617
36
1267
31
1046
34
1449
34
1505
34
1251
146
1395
173
1228
149
879
105
1176
135
1652
210
1297
147
1081
127
1483
188
1539
193
Common wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
375
including:
Seeds
€/ha
63
Fertilizers
€/ha
123
Crop protection
€/ha
162
Water
€/ha
Other specific costs
€/ha
28
Non-specific costs
€/ha
299
including: motor fuels and lubricants
€/ha
52
machines & buildings upkeep
€/ha
98
Contract work
€/ha
63
Energy
€/ha
11
Other direct costs
€/ha
74
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
674
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
78
374
63
121
160
407
67
135
178
408
67
138
176
441
68
159
179
479
74
169
197
446
72
163
177
517
73
243
171
467
71
194
171
527
79
244
171
31
342
48
107
72
10
104
716
89
27
366
58
106
72
12
118
773
94
28
353
70
95
70
12
107
761
91
36
414
84
112
79
17
122
855
98
39
497
88
152
95
21
141
976
124
33
394
99
107
68
26
95
840
95
30
344
68
97
74
18
88
861
101
31
366
77
102
76
20
91
834
105
33
392
87
107
79
23
95
919
115
Other farm costs, attributed to common wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
171
Total external factors
€/ha
230
- Wages paid
€/ha
111
- Rent paid
€/ha
73
- Interest paid
€/ha
47
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
315
- Family labour costs
€/ha
141
- Own capital cost
€/ha
174
183
236
109
81
46
323
155
168
169
226
105
79
42
344
154
190
150
212
103
69
41
289
130
158
178
267
129
92
46
312
162
151
201
274
140
83
51
387
181
205
169
192
89
71
32
262
136
126
161
161
78
63
20
257
123
134
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
without coupled direct payments
with coupled direct payments
320
679
40
84
112
455
14
55
118
118
14
14
321
321
37
37
677
677
86
86
457
457
52
52
220
220
26
26
649
649
82
82
620
620
78
78
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-185
-98
-283
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
176
261
60
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-21
-12
-34
with coupled direct payments
€/t
21
32
7
-245
-245
-29
-29
-125
-125
-14
-14
201
201
26
26
96
96
11
11
-101
-101
-12
-12
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-499
-421
-627
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-138
-62
-284
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-58
-52
-76
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-16
-8
-34
-534
-534
-64
-64
-437
-437
-50
-50
-186
-186
-24
-24
-166
-166
-19
-19
-359
-359
-42
-42
€/ha
€/ha
€/t
€/t
217
577
25
67
44
EU cereal farms report 202
EU27
farms specialised in the production of durum wheat: 40 % or more of output from durum wheat production (avg. 64% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
1405
1249
1143
934
919
1363
1076
908
Farms represented
number
65952
74574
73511
65108
66887
85918
85000
77762
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
32,0
30,4
30,3
29,0
33,5
32,4
30,6
29,2
Total labour input
AWU
0,7
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,7
Durum wheat area
ha
20,7
20,1
19,9
19,1
20,5
19,0
18,4
17,7
17,7
17,7
in which irrigated area
ha
0,5
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,6
0,6
Durum wheat production
t
60
57
66
56
65
63
64
59
60
59
Durum wheat yield
t / ha
2,9
2,8
3,3
2,9
3,2
3,3
3,5
3,3
3,4
3,3
Durum wheat price
€/t
158
162
140
146
161
295
251
187
211
271
Durum wheat output
'000 €
9,5
9,3
9,3
8,1
10,5
18,5
16,1
11,0
12,6
15,9
Common wheat
ha
0,4
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,7
0,4
Grain maize
ha
0,4
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,6
0,3
Barley
ha
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,8
Oats
ha
0,5
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,2
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
Total output
'000 €
15,0
14,4
14,5
12,6
16,8
28,9
25,6
17,3
Receipts from durum wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
460
15
164
292
931
319
461
15
167
288
930
327
466
14
168
263
911
274
425
10
105
129
669
229
513
10
18
49
591
185
972
17
15
46
1050
319
873
14
14
37
938
270
620
12
12
38
682
206
710
12
12
38
772
229
897
12
12
38
959
290
Durum wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
170
182
including:
Seeds €/ha
70
69
Fertilizers €/ha
62
71
Crop protection €/ha
34
38
Water €/ha
1
0
Other specific costs €/ha
4
3
Non-specific costs
€/ha
161
169
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
47
45
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
32
32
Contract work €/ha
45
49
Energy €/ha
2
3
Other direct costs €/ha
35
41
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
331
351
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
113
123
193
70
77
42
0
3
180
48
33
51
3
46
373
112
185
65
75
41
0
4
192
60
36
50
3
44
377
129
204
66
83
49
1
5
205
63
35
53
5
50
409
128
241
81
97
55
1
6
252
84
42
65
6
54
493
150
309
101
139
57
2
10
286
96
38
72
13
67
595
171
278
89
127
54
2
6
243
79
28
69
10
57
521
157
259
87
111
54
2
6
259
91
28
71
12
58
518
154
280
90
127
54
2
6
280
105
29
73
14
59
559
169
Other farm costs, attributed to durum wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
123
Total external factors
€/ha
68
- Wages paid
€/ha
17
- Rent paid
€/ha
44
- Interest paid
€/ha
7
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
417
- Family labour costs
€/ha
270
- Own capital cost
€/ha
147
121
77
19
50
7
432
320
112
121
85
27
51
6
413
292
121
127
84
24
55
6
394
296
98
135
95
29
61
5
412
297
115
159
121
53
62
7
475
339
136
184
122
45
72
6
503
391
112
185
114
36
72
6
502
352
150
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
412
579
145
203
370
538
111
162
187
292
64
100
163
181
51
57
542
558
165
169
330
343
95
99
150
161
45
49
241
253
72
75
388
400
117
121
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
245
215
165
-24
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
408
381
333
81
without coupled direct payments
€/t
84
76
50
-8
with coupled direct payments
€/t
140
134
100
28
-67
-49
-21
-15
262
277
79
84
23
37
7
11
-149
-137
-45
-41
-480
-461
-150
-145
-213
-198
-65
-60
-480
-466
-138
-134
-651
-639
-196
-193
436
600
149
205
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-173
-217
-248
-419
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-9
-51
-80
-314
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-59
-76
-75
-144
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-3
-18
-24
-107
45
EU cereal farms report 202
EU15
farms specialised in the production of durum wheat: 40 % or more of output from durum wheat production (avg. 64% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
1405
1249
1138
926
911
1354
1068
904
Farms represented
number
65952
74574
73439
64742
66574
85593
84702
77535
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
32,0
30,4
30,2
29,0
33,5
32,2
30,5
29,2
Total labour input
AWU
0,7
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,7
Durum wheat area
ha
20,7
20,1
19,8
19,1
20,5
18,9
18,4
17,7
17,7
17,7
in which irrigated area
ha
0,5
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,6
0,6
Durum wheat production
t
60
57
66
56
65
62
64
59
60
59
Durum wheat yield
t / ha
2,9
2,8
3,3
2,9
3,2
3,3
3,5
3,3
3,4
3,3
Durum wheat price
€/t
158
162
140
146
161
296
252
187
211
271
Durum wheat output
'000 €
9,5
9,3
9,2
8,1
10,5
18,4
16,1
11,0
12,6
15,9
Common wheat
ha
0,4
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,7
0,4
Grain maize
ha
0,4
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,6
0,3
Barley
ha
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,7
Oats
ha
0,5
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,2
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
Total output
'000 €
15,0
14,4
14,4
12,7
16,8
28,7
25,6
17,3
Receipts from durum wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
460
15
164
292
931
319
461
15
167
288
930
327
465
14
169
264
912
275
425
10
106
129
670
230
513
10
18
49
592
186
974
17
15
47
1053
321
874
14
14
37
939
270
621
12
12
38
683
206
710
12
12
38
772
229
899
12
12
38
960
290
Durum wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
170
182
including:
Seeds €/ha
70
69
Fertilizers €/ha
62
71
Crop protection €/ha
34
38
Water €/ha
1
0
Other specific costs €/ha
4
3
Non-specific costs
€/ha
161
169
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
47
45
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
32
32
Contract work €/ha
45
49
Energy €/ha
2
3
Other direct costs €/ha
35
41
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
331
351
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
113
123
193
70
77
42
0
3
180
48
33
51
3
45
373
112
185
65
75
41
0
4
192
60
36
50
3
44
377
129
204
66
83
49
1
5
206
63
35
53
5
50
410
129
241
81
97
55
1
6
252
84
42
65
6
55
492
150
309
101
139
57
2
10
286
96
38
72
13
67
595
171
278
89
127
54
2
6
243
79
28
69
10
57
520
157
259
86
110
54
2
6
259
91
28
71
12
58
518
154
279
90
127
54
2
6
280
105
29
73
14
59
559
169
Other farm costs, attributed to durum wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
123
Total external factors
€/ha
68
- Wages paid
€/ha
17
- Rent paid
€/ha
44
- Interest paid
€/ha
7
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
417
- Family labour costs
€/ha
270
- Own capital cost
€/ha
147
121
77
19
50
7
432
320
112
121
85
27
51
6
415
293
122
127
84
24
55
6
395
297
98
135
95
30
61
5
413
298
115
160
121
53
62
7
480
342
138
185
122
45
72
6
504
393
112
185
114
36
72
6
502
352
150
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
412
579
145
203
370
539
112
163
187
293
64
100
163
182
51
57
545
560
166
171
330
344
95
99
151
162
45
49
243
254
72
75
390
401
118
121
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
245
215
165
-24
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
408
381
334
82
without coupled direct payments
€/t
84
76
50
-8
with coupled direct payments
€/t
140
134
101
28
-67
-49
-21
-15
264
279
80
85
23
37
7
11
-148
-137
-45
-41
-480
-462
-151
-145
-216
-201
-66
-61
-481
-468
-139
-135
-650
-639
-196
-193
436
600
149
205
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-173
-217
-250
-419
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-9
-51
-81
-313
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-59
-76
-75
-144
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-3
-18
-24
-107
46
EU cereal farms report 202
Greece
farms specialised in the production of durum wheat: 40 % or more of output from durum wheat production (avg. 68% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
176
170
196
187
166
179
271
266
Farms represented
number
14169
12590
19507
18951
20955
19338
26575
30186
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
18,2
18,6
16,1
16,2
19,8
18,5
17,2
16,6
Total labour input
AWU
0,5
0,8
0,6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,7
0,6
Durum wheat area
ha
14,6
15,3
13,7
13,7
15,1
13,9
11,9
11,8
11,8
11,8
in which irrigated area
ha
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,5
Durum wheat production
t
33
31
32
29
35
32
36
34
36
30
Durum wheat yield
t / ha
2,2
2,0
2,3
2,1
2,3
2,3
3,0
2,9
3,0
2,6
Durum wheat price
€/t
139
152
132
134
134
242
215
179
171
224
Durum wheat output
'000 €
4,5
4,7
4,2
3,9
4,7
7,7
7,7
6,1
6,1
6,8
Common wheat
ha
0,7
0,6
0,3
0,4
0,7
0,5
0,5
0,5
Grain maize
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,5
0,2
Barley
ha
0,3
0,3
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,5
0,6
0,5
Oats
ha
0,2
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
Total output
'000 €
6,7
6,6
6,0
5,6
6,9
10,8
12,5
9,2
Receipts from durum wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
310
1
153
287
752
338
304
4
153
287
748
373
309
1
154
284
747
319
282
0
154
265
702
333
314
0
552
0
654
0
517
2
519
2
577
2
38
353
151
38
591
258
11
665
219
19
537
187
19
539
178
19
598
232
197
63
90
36
204
62
92
42
0
9
157
54
19
59
2
23
361
154
230
73
100
43
0
13
191
75
23
84
4
5
421
184
345
112
161
57
1
15
257
107
27
103
14
8
603
199
309
94
152
49
2
12
239
93
27
104
9
5
548
190
282
93
125
50
2
12
272
119
27
109
11
5
554
183
291
93
133
50
2
13
302
142
28
112
14
6
593
230
-15
-15
-5
-5
5
5
2
2
Durum wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
195
197
including:
Seeds €/ha
69
68
Fertilizers €/ha
85
87
Crop protection €/ha
35
35
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
6
7
Non-specific costs
€/ha
130
122
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
43
45
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
16
17
Contract work €/ha
64
49
Energy €/ha
2
2
Other direct costs €/ha
6
10
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
325
319
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
146
159
8
123
40
17
54
2
9
319
137
194
59
91
35
0
10
139
47
20
63
3
6
333
158
Other farm costs, attributed to durum wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
136
Total external factors
€/ha
108
- Wages paid
€/ha
5
- Rent paid
€/ha
94
- Interest paid
€/ha
9
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
190
- Family labour costs
€/ha
125
- Own capital cost
€/ha
65
123
99
7
90
2
260
183
77
140
97
11
84
2
240
152
88
142
103
8
93
2
221
161
60
127
111
6
103
2
239
160
78
175
139
9
128
2
284
183
100
187
160
13
144
3
345
235
110
218
150
10
137
2
371
217
154
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
276
429
138
214
274
428
117
183
215
369
102
175
-9
-9
-4
-4
170
170
74
74
62
62
21
21
-10
-10
-4
-4
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
30
54
37
-30
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
183
207
191
124
without coupled direct payments
€/t
13
27
16
-14
with coupled direct payments
€/t
82
103
82
59
-247
-247
-106
-106
-144
-144
-63
-63
-284
-284
-94
-94
-378
-378
-131
-131
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-160
-207
-203
-251
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-7
-53
-49
-97
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-72
-103
-87
-119
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-3
-27
-21
-46
-486
-486
-208
-208
-428
-428
-187
-187
-629
-629
-207
-207
-749
-749
-260
-260
273
427
123
192
47
EU cereal farms report 202
Spain
farms specialised in the production of durum wheat: 40 % or more of output from durum wheat production (avg. 63% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
111
146
112
97
107
110
106
98
Farms represented
number
5148
11343
9109
6711
7290
7217
5317
4907
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
101,6
51,3
61,1
58,2
69,1
76,9
75,7
85,6
Total labour input
AWU
1,1
1,2
1,2
1,1
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,3
Durum wheat area
ha
49,4
29,0
32,1
33,5
37,4
38,5
39,9
41,3
41,3
41,3
in which irrigated area
ha
6,3
0,5
0,7
0,6
0,7
1,2
3,3
2,3
Durum wheat production
t
115
76
101
53
103
128
107
126
104
131
Durum wheat yield
t / ha
2,3
2,6
3,2
1,6
2,8
3,3
2,7
3,1
2,5
3,2
Durum wheat price
€/t
145
146
150
147
145
201
271
175
207
265
Durum wheat output
'000 €
16,7
11,1
15,2
7,9
14,9
25,7
28,9
22,1
21,4
34,9
Common wheat
ha
1,7
1,2
0,3
0,3
0,2
2,1
2,5
1,6
Grain maize
ha
0,7
0,3
0,6
0,1
0,1
0,4
0,1
0,6
Barley
ha
4,8
2,9
2,8
3,2
3,1
3,4
4,4
4,6
Oats
ha
0,7
0,3
0,5
0,2
0,6
0,2
0,2
Rye
ha
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,5
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,8
0,1
0,1
0,1
Total output
'000 €
30,8
16,3
23,8
11,6
23,2
42,2
45,0
33,8
Receipts from durum wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
339
0
185
274
798
342
179
245
807
308
475
10
171
221
877
278
234
2
189
208
633
398
399
1
43
98
541
197
43
105
815
246
725
3
46
104
877
328
535
0
42
99
676
221
518
0
42
99
660
263
844
0
42
99
985
310
Durum wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
111
123
including:
Seeds €/ha
55
48
Fertilizers €/ha
34
52
Crop protection €/ha
18
21
Water €/ha
4
0
Other specific costs €/ha
0
1
Non-specific costs
€/ha
75
95
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
28
18
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
10
14
Contract work €/ha
20
37
Energy €/ha
4
8
Other direct costs €/ha
13
19
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
187
218
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
80
83
147
54
68
23
2
0
127
27
21
34
6
38
274
87
113
50
50
13
0
112
37
16
31
6
21
225
141
149
53
63
31
0
2
119
26
18
31
19
26
269
98
171
57
75
35
2
3
151
26
26
35
26
38
322
97
242
79
107
51
3
2
181
29
29
50
34
39
423
158
206
69
73
58
4
2
172
30
26
39
28
49
378
124
194
65
65
59
4
2
185
36
27
40
33
50
379
151
211
69
78
58
4
2
201
43
27
41
39
51
412
130
Other farm costs, attributed to durum wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
22
Total external factors
€/ha
31
- Wages paid
€/ha
12
- Rent paid
€/ha
17
- Interest paid
€/ha
2
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
417
- Family labour costs
€/ha
112
- Own capital cost
€/ha
305
25
86
18
65
2
408
224
184
27
102
43
55
3
436
228
208
18
67
20
45
2
358
214
144
36
100
50
49
2
290
170
121
39
127
81
44
1
292
157
136
40
150
90
59
1
341
175
166
48
159
92
64
3
341
181
160
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
410
589
156
225
433
604
137
191
219
408
138
256
229
272
83
99
450
493
136
149
408
454
153
170
256
298
84
97
239
281
95
112
531
573
167
180
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
373
299
304
135
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
558
478
476
323
without coupled direct payments
€/t
160
114
96
85
with coupled direct payments
€/t
239
182
151
203
92
136
34
49
285
327
86
99
218
264
81
99
50
92
16
30
-198
-155
-72
-56
-8
35
-2
11
-123
-77
-46
-29
-291
-249
-95
-82
426
611
183
262
383
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-44
-109
-132
-223
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
141
70
39
-35
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-19
-42
-42
-140
with coupled direct payments
€/t
60
27
12
-22
48
668
EU cereal farms report 202
France
farms specialised in the production of durum wheat: 40 % or more of output from durum wheat production (avg. 54% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
47
58
68
67
77
82
80
59
Farms represented
number
2292
3554
3990
3336
4133
4090
4117
2976
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
103,2
95,7
96,1
98,0
92,8
95,9
93,8
86,1
Total labour input
AWU
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,2
1,3
1,2
Durum wheat area
ha
48,1
42,4
46,1
48,5
44,3
45,0
41,5
40,5
40,5
40,5
in which irrigated area
ha
3,0
2,4
Durum wheat production
t
267
202
253
242
216
189
212
199
199
190
Durum wheat yield
t / ha
5,6
4,8
5,5
5,0
4,9
4,2
5,1
4,9
4,9
4,7
Durum wheat price
€/t
150
162
136
148
157
298
242
164
237
307
Durum wheat output
'000 €
40,0
32,7
34,5
35,8
33,8
56,2
51,4
32,6
47,1
58,3
Common wheat
ha
3,6
2,7
2,6
2,0
2,8
3,3
4,6
2,5
Grain maize
ha
4,4
4,0
5,3
3,6
2,6
2,6
7,3
3,3
Barley
ha
0,5
0,3
0,5
0,5
0,7
1,4
1,9
0,7
Oats
ha
0,1
0,0
Rye
ha
0,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
0,6
0,7
0,5
0,9
0,5
1,1
0,5
0,7
Total output
'000 €
73,7
61,6
62,5
62,6
59,6 100,6 100,8
63,6
Receipts from durum wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
832
by-products (straw)
€/ha
4
coupled direct payments
€/ha
307
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
247
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
1389
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
250
773
7
305
244
1329
279
Durum wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
334
348
including:
Seeds €/ha
98
102
Fertilizers €/ha
114
115
Crop protection €/ha
122
130
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
0
0
Non-specific costs
€/ha
303
332
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
40
42
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
81
92
Contract work €/ha
54
50
Energy €/ha
10
10
Other direct costs €/ha
118
139
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
637
680
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
115
143
749
7
318
191
1264
230
739
5
299
172
1214
243
763
4
72
63
902
185
1251
6
72
66
1394
332
1237
9
67
63
1376
269
805
5
62
71
942
192
1163
5
62
71
1301
265
1439
5
62
71
1577
336
355
107
120
128
346
95
125
126
345
92
133
120
389
92
149
147
0
336
47
91
56
8
135
691
126
0
345
57
91
54
7
135
691
138
0
346
68
88
50
8
132
691
142
0
370
65
91
62
10
143
759
181
465
108
196
152
8
0
437
79
116
78
13
151
902
177
526
124
239
156
6
0
360
59
91
57
10
144
886
181
478
120
197
155
6
0
379
70
93
58
11
147
857
175
527
121
245
154
6
0
397
80
95
59
13
150
924
197
381
444
78
90
591
653
126
139
Other farm costs, attributed to durum wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
212
Total external factors
€/ha
186
- Wages paid
€/ha
20
- Rent paid
€/ha
131
- Interest paid
€/ha
35
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
222
- Family labour costs
€/ha
199
- Own capital cost
€/ha
23
215
170
15
123
32
270
251
19
208
182
23
129
29
265
250
16
200
175
18
130
28
261
249
12
234
160
16
120
24
289
265
23
224
179
15
137
27
286
259
26
218
189
22
139
29
268
265
3
241
161
9
124
28
314
278
37
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
343
649
72
136
256
574
47
104
225
524
45
105
139
212
29
43
564
635
134
151
407
474
80
93
-6
57
-1
12
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
48
-42
-133
-150
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
355
264
184
149
without coupled direct payments
€/t
9
-9
-24
-30
with coupled direct payments
€/t
64
55
34
30
-254
-182
-52
-37
161
233
38
55
0
67
0
13
-407
-345
-83
-70
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-174
-312
-398
-411
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
133
-7
-81
-112
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-31
-65
-73
-82
with coupled direct payments
€/t
24
-1
-15
-23
-543
-471
-111
-97
-125
-53
-30
-13
-267
-201
-52
-39
-721
-659
-147
-134
445
752
80
135
49
EU cereal farms report 202
Italy
farms specialised in the production of durum wheat: 40 % or more of output from durum wheat production (avg. 66% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
1062
873
754
575
561
983
611
480
Farms represented
number
43577
47008
40269
35743
34197
54948
48693
39461
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
24,3
23,6
22,4
23,9
27,1
26,3
27,5
27,6
Total labour input
AWU
0,7
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,9
0,8
Durum wheat area
ha
17,9
17,5
17,3
16,5
17,4
16,2
17,7
17,6
17,6
17,6
in which irrigated area
ha
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,3
0,4
Durum wheat production
t
53
49
56
53
58
55
62
59
64
67
Durum wheat yield
t / ha
3,0
2,8
3,2
3,2
3,3
3,4
3,5
3,3
3,6
3,8
Durum wheat price
€/t
167
170
140
148
179
336
262
200
239
306
Durum wheat output
'000 €
8,8
8,3
7,9
7,8
10,3
18,4
16,2
11,8
15,3
20,4
Common wheat
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,1
Grain maize
ha
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,1
Barley
ha
0,2
0,2
0,1
0,5
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,5
Oats
ha
0,6
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,4
Rye
ha
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
Total output
'000 €
12,9
12,4
11,6
12,0
16,3
27,8
24,3
18,1
Receipts from durum wheat (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
492
26
141
307
966
327
473
24
139
313
949
341
453
22
135
293
903
280
475
17
595
22
1138
29
919
23
667
22
868
22
1157
22
28
521
162
29
646
194
28
1195
353
26
967
276
25
714
214
25
915
252
25
1204
318
Durum wheat production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
160
172
including:
Seeds €/ha
71
72
Fertilizers €/ha
59
66
Crop protection €/ha
27
29
Water €/ha
0
Other specific costs €/ha
4
4
Non-specific costs
€/ha
172
181
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
54
56
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
33
32
Contract work €/ha
48
53
Energy €/ha
0
0
Other direct costs €/ha
38
39
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
333
352
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
113
127
168
69
65
30
0
4
185
60
30
55
0
40
354
110
164
65
64
30
0
4
205
75
35
51
0
44
369
115
186
67
73
39
1
6
228
83
34
60
0
51
414
125
235
89
92
46
1
7
277
109
42
69
0
57
512
151
281
101
127
40
12
293
113
29
65
7
79
574
164
240
86
111
37
1
5
245
90
17
62
5
70
485
145
229
84
102
37
1
5
253
95
18
63
5
71
482
133
251
89
118
38
1
5
271
108
18
65
6
73
522
138
Other farm costs, attributed to durum wheat production:
Depreciation
€/ha
146
Total external factors
€/ha
52
- Wages paid
€/ha
22
- Rent paid
€/ha
27
- Interest paid
€/ha
4
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
518
- Family labour costs
€/ha
388
- Own capital cost
€/ha
130
140
50
24
21
4
534
417
117
134
46
30
14
2
539
402
137
143
57
34
20
2
540
412
129
155
66
38
26
2
611
444
166
183
102
66
31
5
651
473
178
216
85
52
31
2
679
550
129
199
75
39
31
4
663
491
172
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
458
597
164
214
414
549
128
170
152
152
47
47
232
232
70
70
683
683
202
202
394
394
112
112
229
229
69
69
433
433
119
119
682
682
180
180
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
294
267
234
-48
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
435
407
370
-48
without coupled direct payments
€/t
100
96
73
-15
with coupled direct payments
€/t
147
146
115
-15
11
11
3
3
399
399
118
118
93
93
26
26
-45
-45
-14
-14
-600
-600
-181
-181
-252
-252
-75
-75
-586
-586
-167
-167
-708
-708
-212
-212
492
633
167
215
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-224
-267
-305
-588
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-83
-127
-170
-588
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-76
-96
-95
-183
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-28
-46
-53
-183
50
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU27
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 64% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
845
804
1079
967
1122
1480
1318
1017
Farms represented
number
59953
59890
77476
72735
85420
88123
81306
69397
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
70,6
67,5
61,5
59,8
63,1
71,1
72,4
76,1
Total labour input
AWU
0,9
0,8
0,9
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,0
0,9
Barley area
ha
41,2
38,1
35,1
34,4
35,6
39,3
41,5
42,0
42,0
in which irrigated area
ha
1,7
1,4
1,4
1,8
1,9
1,9
1,8
1,8
Barley production
t
126
129
129
80
110
150
156
122
145
Barley yield
t / ha
3,1
3,4
3,7
2,3
3,1
3,8
3,7
2,9
3,5
Barley price
€/t
112
117
118
119
129
179
171
121
158
Barley output
'000 €
14,2
15,2
15,3
9,5
14,2
27,0
26,6
14,8
23,0
Common wheat
ha
6,2
5,6
4,6
4,3
4,2
4,9
5,7
5,0
Durum wheat
ha
0,7
0,7
0,4
0,5
0,9
0,8
0,6
0,6
Grain maize
ha
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,5
0,3
Oats
ha
0,8
0,6
0,8
0,9
0,9
1,1
1,2
1,3
Rye
ha
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,2
Total output
'000 €
22,7
24,3
24,0
15,1
22,0
41,2
41,6
23,5
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
344
7
181
398
9
183
277
11
133
398
9
27
590
174
435
12
169
1
617
168
532
173
421
180
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
141
including:
Seeds €/ha
37
Fertilizers €/ha
74
Crop protection €/ha
21
Water €/ha
2
Other specific costs €/ha
7
Non-specific costs
€/ha
121
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
29
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
28
Contract work €/ha
30
Energy €/ha
6
Other direct costs €/ha
28
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
263
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
86
136
37
70
23
2
4
136
33
35
32
5
32
272
80
141
39
74
22
2
4
143
39
35
32
5
32
284
77
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
62
Total external factors
€/ha
85
- Wages paid
€/ha
25
- Rent paid
€/ha
46
- Interest paid
€/ha
14
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
239
- Family labour costs
€/ha
156
- Own capital cost
€/ha
83
68
73
18
40
14
275
186
89
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
135
318
40
94
2011
42,0
156
3,7
195
30,4
435
141
687
11
26
1
726
189
641
10
28
0
679
181
353
11
28
0
392
134
547
11
28
0
585
169
724
11
28
0
763
205
134
37
71
19
3
4
145
44
32
30
5
33
280
120
132
36
68
21
4
3
146
46
30
34
4
31
278
90
156
47
77
25
3
5
171
51
39
41
5
34
327
85
196
53
105
30
4
5
198
65
43
48
5
37
394
105
171
44
96
25
3
4
171
51
35
45
5
36
343
118
158
42
85
25
3
4
183
60
36
46
5
37
341
99
180
44
104
25
3
4
199
71
36
47
6
38
378
102
61
67
18
37
12
313
198
116
63
69
13
41
15
276
194
81
64
68
14
43
11
290
206
84
80
77
18
43
17
317
225
92
75
86
21
46
19
308
221
86
71
71
16
45
10
291
195
96
164
333
44
90
8
142
4
61
130
157
42
51
373
399
97
104
257
285
68
76
21
49
7
17
217
244
63
71
356
384
96
103
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-59
-6
35
-124
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
122
177
205
10
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-19
-2
10
-53
with coupled direct payments
€/t
40
52
56
4
-3
24
-1
8
216
242
56
63
95
123
25
33
-122
-94
-42
-32
-293
-266
-95
-86
-102
-76
-27
-20
-213
-184
-57
-49
-413
-385
-142
-132
88
269
29
88
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-298
-281
-278
-400
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-117
-97
-108
-266
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-97
-83
-75
-171
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-38
-29
-29
-114
51
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU15
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 64% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
845
804
913
759
934
1228
1136
872
Farms represented
number
59953
59890
70885
64206
74797
77904
72001
62617
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
70,6
67,5
63,2
62,4
67,2
74,4
76,4
79,1
Total labour input
AWU
0,9
0,8
0,9
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,0
0,9
Barley area
ha
41,2
38,1
36,2
36,1
37,9
41,4
44,0
43,8
43,8
in which irrigated area
ha
1,7
1,4
1,6
2,0
2,2
2,1
2,0
2,0
Barley production
t
126
129
134
81
117
160
166
127
153
Barley yield
t / ha
3,1
3,4
3,7
2,3
3,1
3,9
3,8
2,9
3,5
Barley price
€/t
112
117
119
121
130
180
172
122
163
Barley output
'000 €
14,2
15,2
16,0
9,9
15,3
28,8
28,4
15,5
25,0
Common wheat
ha
6,2
5,6
4,5
4,2
4,1
4,7
5,5
4,7
Durum wheat
ha
0,7
0,7
0,5
0,5
1,0
0,8
0,7
0,6
Grain maize
ha
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,2
Oats
ha
0,8
0,6
0,7
0,9
0,9
1,2
1,3
1,4
Rye
ha
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,0
Total output
'000 €
22,7
24,3
25,0
15,4
23,5
43,6
44,2
24,4
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
43,8
164
3,7
199
32,6
344
7
181
398
9
183
442
12
179
274
11
144
402
10
29
697
12
28
646
10
30
354
11
29
570
11
29
745
11
29
532
173
590
174
634
171
429
190
441
143
737
190
686
182
394
136
610
174
785
209
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
141
including:
Seeds €/ha
37
Fertilizers €/ha
74
Crop protection €/ha
21
Water €/ha
2
Other specific costs €/ha
7
Non-specific costs
€/ha
121
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
29
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
28
Contract work €/ha
30
Energy €/ha
6
Other direct costs €/ha
28
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
263
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
86
136
37
70
23
2
4
136
33
35
32
5
32
272
80
141
38
75
22
2
4
145
38
36
33
5
33
286
77
135
37
71
18
3
4
147
43
33
31
5
35
282
125
131
36
68
20
4
3
148
46
31
35
4
31
279
90
154
46
76
24
3
5
172
51
40
42
4
35
326
84
195
53
105
28
4
5
198
64
44
48
5
37
394
105
172
43
97
25
3
4
173
51
36
44
5
37
345
119
158
41
86
24
3
4
185
60
36
45
5
38
343
98
180
43
105
24
3
4
201
72
37
47
6
39
380
101
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
62
Total external factors
€/ha
85
- Wages paid
€/ha
25
- Rent paid
€/ha
46
- Interest paid
€/ha
14
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
239
- Family labour costs
€/ha
156
- Own capital cost
€/ha
83
68
73
18
40
14
275
186
89
60
69
19
38
12
324
203
121
63
72
14
43
16
289
203
86
63
70
14
45
11
300
213
87
79
79
18
44
17
331
233
98
74
87
20
48
19
318
227
92
72
72
16
45
10
300
200
100
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
135
318
40
94
168
348
45
94
3
148
2
65
133
163
43
53
383
411
99
106
263
293
70
78
20
50
7
17
238
268
68
76
375
405
100
108
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-59
-6
39
-131
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
122
177
219
13
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-19
-2
11
-58
with coupled direct payments
€/t
40
52
59
6
0
30
0
10
225
253
58
65
101
131
27
35
-123
-94
-43
-32
-299
-270
-97
-88
-107
-79
-28
-20
-217
-187
-58
-50
-424
-394
-146
-136
88
269
29
88
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-298
-281
-285
-421
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-117
-97
-105
-276
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-97
-83
-77
-186
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-38
-29
-28
-122
52
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU10
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 56% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
166
208
188
241
165
129
Farms represented
number
6591
8529
10623
9854
7467
5276
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
43,3
40,6
34,4
40,8
36,9
39,5
Total labour input
AWU
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
Barley area
ha
23,0
22,1
19,2
21,8
20,0
22,2
22,2
in which irrigated area
ha
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,0
0,2
Barley production
t
73
74
57
72
75
73
66
Barley yield
t / ha
3,2
3,3
3,0
3,3
3,8
3,3
3,0
Barley price
€/t
102
95
112
171
157
106
124
Barley output
'000 €
7,5
7,0
6,4
12,4
11,8
7,8
8,2
Common wheat
ha
5,3
4,8
4,7
5,0
6,1
5,6
Durum wheat
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,4
Grain maize
ha
0,6
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,7
0,5
Oats
ha
0,9
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,7
0,5
Rye
ha
0,6
0,9
0,7
0,6
0,7
1,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,3
0,1
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
1,0
1,4
1,6
1,7
1,2
2,0
Total output
'000 €
13,0
12,8
11,7
21,9
21,3
14,0
2011
22,2
70
3,2
167
11,7
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
325
6
316
5
335
6
567
5
591
2
350
10
371
10
529
10
11
342
107
321
96
342
115
19
590
178
10
603
160
8
368
111
8
389
131
8
547
173
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
140
44
62
28
0
6
110
42
28
18
3
19
250
79
133
36
63
31
181
49
89
40
236
59
117
56
193
53
96
40
183
52
87
40
201
57
100
39
3
121
52
24
22
5
19
254
77
149
38
76
31
0
4
118
50
22
19
5
22
266
89
3
151
57
32
27
6
28
332
100
4
212
79
39
36
11
48
448
119
4
154
50
31
40
6
27
348
105
4
162
55
32
41
6
28
344
115
4
173
62
33
42
7
29
374
118
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
79
46
9
29
8
139
111
27
72
35
10
20
5
138
106
31
78
45
15
24
6
170
128
41
95
47
13
24
10
164
137
28
108
70
35
21
13
196
181
14
81
57
14
34
9
213
156
58
92
92
29
29
66
66
20
20
75
75
25
25
259
259
78
78
155
155
41
41
20
20
6
6
45
45
15
15
173
173
55
55
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-34
-41
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-34
-41
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-11
-12
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-11
-12
-48
-48
-16
-16
117
117
35
35
-23
-23
-6
-6
-118
-118
-36
-36
-217
-217
-73
-73
-48
-48
-14
-14
-218
-218
-58
-58
-332
-332
-100
-100
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-173
-178
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-173
-178
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-54
-54
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-54
-54
53
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU2
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 58% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
17
16
Farms represented
number
1839
1504
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
57,7
78,0
Total labour input
AWU
1,3
1,5
Barley area
ha
29,6
37,4
37,4
in which irrigated area
ha
1,6
Barley production
t
82
114
121
Barley yield
t / ha
2,8
3,1
3,2
Barley price
€/t
161
105
88
Barley output
'000 €
13,2
12,0
10,6
Common wheat
ha
12,1
13,2
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
4,2
5,3
Oats
ha
0,2
Rye
ha
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
1,1
Total output
'000 €
22,5
20,7
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
37,4
159
4,3
133
21,2
447
320
285
568
447
161
320
105
285
88
568
133
131
63
31
25
12
126
68
6
37
5
10
257
93
112
46
43
17
0
5
134
34
17
72
5
6
246
81
122
61
36
19
1
5
146
40
18
76
6
6
267
82
130
60
46
19
1
6
160
47
19
80
7
7
290
68
27
86
34
50
1
51
49
2
39
78
14
57
7
67
52
15
189
189
68
68
74
74
24
24
18
18
5
5
278
278
65
65
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
77
77
28
28
-42
-42
-14
-14
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
26
26
9
9
-109
-109
-36
-36
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
54
EU cereal farms report 2012
Denmark
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 54% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
74
70
57
65
66
84
73
32
Farms represented
number
3526
3499
3010
3916
2927
3484
3028
1388
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
35,2
31,3
32,7
26,9
38,1
36,0
43,0
31,7
Total labour input
AWU
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,4
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,4
Barley area
ha
22,1
19,1
20,0
17,2
23,7
22,7
27,1
20,0
20,0
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
101
91
94
86
109
100
132
105
97
Barley yield
t / ha
4,6
4,8
4,7
5,0
4,6
4,4
4,8
5,2
4,8
Barley price
€/t
111
119
106
103
122
213
175
103
183
Barley output
'000 €
11,2
10,8
10,0
8,8
13,3
21,3
23,1
10,8
17,7
Common wheat
ha
4,5
3,6
3,3
4,2
5,0
3,6
6,7
6,1
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Oats
ha
0,4
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,9
0,4
0,4
0,5
Rye
ha
0,8
0,9
0,9
0,5
0,1
0,2
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,3
Total output
'000 €
20,4
20,4
18,6
16,1
24,2
38,2
45,3
21,2
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
20,0
100
5,0
202
20,3
506
13
319
565
11
319
499
5
317
513
12
559
12
942
16
850
24
540
32
885
32
1015
32
838
183
896
188
821
174
525
105
572
124
958
217
874
180
572
109
917
190
1047
208
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
239
including:
Seeds €/ha
61
Fertilizers €/ha
99
Crop protection €/ha
60
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
20
Non-specific costs
€/ha
358
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
24
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
115
Contract work €/ha
69
Energy €/ha
11
Other direct costs €/ha
139
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
597
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
130
231
64
85
55
232
66
81
55
241
61
91
55
231
50
95
48
273
66
102
56
340
80
140
69
350
71
148
59
303
63
114
54
348
69
152
52
26
385
31
112
69
13
159
616
129
29
388
30
126
67
11
154
620
132
34
428
39
143
58
13
175
669
134
38
383
39
118
70
15
141
614
134
49
437
41
139
62
22
173
710
161
51
425
52
139
68
14
151
765
158
71
460
34
140
82
23
182
810
154
73
476
38
143
83
26
186
779
161
75
497
45
146
86
31
191
846
168
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
145
286
4
36
246
546
333
213
138
276
5
37
233
649
395
254
160
246
1
43
201
695
364
331
166
286
1
40
245
707
418
289
138
242
4
68
170
663
362
301
184
336
15
46
275
598
407
191
147
421
11
78
332
381
355
26
155
254
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-78
241
-17
53
-39
280
-8
59
-116
201
-25
43
-144
-144
-29
-29
-42
-42
-9
-9
249
249
56
56
110
110
23
23
-238
-238
-45
-45
138
138
29
29
201
201
40
40
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-510
-452
-521
-596
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-190
-133
-205
-596
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-111
-95
-111
-119
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-42
-28
-43
-119
-422
-422
-92
-92
-272
-272
-62
-62
-457
-457
-94
-94
-647
-647
-123
-123
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-1056 -1102 -1216 -1302 -1085
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-736
-783
-899 -1302 -1085
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-231
-231
-258
-261
-236
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-161
-164
-191
-261
-236
-869
-869
-197
-197
-839
-839
-173
-173
-1259
-1259
-240
-240
55
48
206
612
403
209
EU cereal farms report 2012
Germany
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 48% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
15
29
20
Farms represented
number
400
609
350
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
87,0
76,9
87,1
Total labour input
AWU
1,3
1,3
1,4
Barley area
ha
39,3
36,6
43,7
43,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
198
191
252
249
Barley yield
t / ha
5,0
5,2
5,8
5,7
Barley price
€/t
126
177
124
150
Barley output
'000 €
24,9
33,9
31,3
37,4
Common wheat
ha
12,3
13,1
19,7
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
0,4
2,4
Oats
ha
0,2
0,6
1,1
Rye
ha
1,5
3,1
0,9
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,2
Oth.cereals
ha
1,9
0,5
0,4
Total output
'000 €
51,7
69,1
67,1
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
43,7
216
4,9
229
49,5
633
2
927
18
717
15
856
15
1134
15
635
126
945
181
732
127
870
153
1149
232
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
274
60
124
86
376
76
195
97
268
56
113
88
251
54
97
90
280
64
110
94
3
345
96
80
45
13
112
619
123
9
421
103
99
69
20
130
797
153
11
462
85
91
106
17
164
730
126
11
474
91
93
107
18
165
726
127
11
498
102
96
110
20
169
778
157
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
170
125
2
95
29
352
279
73
189
177
17
129
31
367
309
58
159
174
37
104
34
320
231
89
16
16
3
3
148
148
28
28
2
2
0
0
145
145
25
25
371
371
75
75
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-279
-279
-55
-55
-219
-219
-42
-42
-331
-331
-57
-57
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-631
-631
-125
-125
-586
-586
-112
-112
-652
-652
-113
-113
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
56
EU cereal farms report 2012
Greece
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 60% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
18
19
19
Farms represented
number
3297
2930
4160
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
24,0
17,5
14,0
Total labour input
AWU
0,6
0,9
0,6
Barley area
ha
13,2
10,6
7,8
7,8
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
37
33
23
29
Barley yield
t / ha
2,8
3,1
2,9
3,7
Barley price
€/t
182
166
141
163
Barley output
'000 €
6,8
5,5
3,2
4,8
Common wheat
ha
0,9
0,5
1,0
Durum wheat
ha
1,8
3,5
1,4
Grain maize
ha
0,3
0,4
0,3
Oats
ha
0,7
0,5
Rye
ha
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
Total output
'000 €
11,4
8,8
5,8
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
7,8
33
4,3
200
6,6
518
46
516
14
413
31
610
31
851
31
564
198
529
170
444
152
641
171
882
207
182
56
104
13
320
84
185
44
236
72
129
27
212
71
106
27
220
72
112
27
9
187
56
19
105
1
7
370
130
8
244
91
21
103
11
18
564
181
7
213
71
23
110
2
7
449
153
8
239
91
24
115
2
8
451
121
8
262
108
24
119
2
8
481
113
125
99
6
93
291
225
66
152
136
10
115
11
459
359
101
165
114
4
107
3
463
337
126
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
195
195
68
68
-35
-35
-11
-11
-6
-6
-2
-2
190
190
51
51
400
400
94
94
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-30
-30
-11
-11
-322
-322
-104
-104
-285
-285
-97
-97
-321
-321
-113
-113
-782
-782
-251
-251
-748
-748
-256
-256
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
57
EU cereal farms report 2012
Spain
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 68% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
640
577
694
523
637
864
775
591
Farms represented
number
45881
45856
56723
47858
55777
54807
49271
39816
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
76,8
70,7
64,2
67,9
74,1
85,2
88,5 101,2
Total labour input
AWU
1,0
0,8
0,9
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
1,0
Barley area
ha
45,2
40,6
37,5
39,9
42,3
47,9
51,5
55,6
55,6
in which irrigated area
ha
2,2
1,8
1,9
2,6
2,9
2,9
2,8
3,0
Barley production
t
124
123
130
68
116
177
177
135
169
Barley yield
t / ha
2,8
3,0
3,5
1,7
2,7
3,7
3,4
2,4
3,0
Barley price
€/t
113
117
122
131
132
171
176
122
148
Barley output
'000 €
14,0
14,3
15,9
8,9
15,3
30,4
31,1
16,4
24,9
Common wheat
ha
6,6
5,5
4,0
4,2
4,2
4,9
5,8
5,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,9
0,8
0,5
0,6
1,0
1,1
0,7
0,7
Grain maize
ha
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,2
Oats
ha
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,7
0,7
0,9
1,2
1,4
Rye
ha
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
0,4
0,4
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,0
Total output
'000 €
21,3
21,8
23,6
12,8
22,1
43,9
45,9
24,5
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
55,6
184
3,3
192
35,2
310
2
159
353
4
155
424
10
156
223
7
153
362
3
34
634
4
33
604
4
36
295
4
35
448
4
35
634
4
35
471
171
513
169
590
170
384
225
399
146
671
181
644
188
335
138
487
161
673
204
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
120
including:
Seeds €/ha
33
Fertilizers €/ha
67
Crop protection €/ha
12
Water €/ha
3
Other specific costs €/ha
5
Non-specific costs
€/ha
92
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
27
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
19
Contract work €/ha
25
Energy €/ha
5
Other direct costs €/ha
17
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
212
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
77
108
33
61
11
2
1
94
29
22
26
3
14
202
67
118
35
67
12
3
1
112
35
26
28
4
18
229
66
112
35
63
9
4
1
108
39
22
26
3
18
220
129
106
33
57
11
5
1
112
42
21
28
2
18
218
79
126
43
64
14
3
1
126
46
26
35
2
17
252
68
161
48
92
15
5
1
157
59
33
42
2
21
318
93
138
40
80
14
3
1
134
46
27
36
2
23
271
112
126
37
70
14
3
1
144
55
27
36
2
24
270
89
143
39
85
14
3
1
157
66
27
38
2
25
300
91
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
38
Total external factors
€/ha
71
- Wages paid
€/ha
25
- Rent paid
€/ha
44
- Interest paid
€/ha
2
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
208
- Family labour costs
€/ha
136
- Own capital cost
€/ha
72
37
49
13
35
2
240
168
72
30
52
18
32
2
302
193
109
29
54
11
41
2
258
187
71
34
58
14
42
2
262
196
66
41
58
16
38
4
290
209
81
40
66
20
43
2
294
205
89
36
61
15
43
3
273
179
94
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
155
310
51
103
205
361
59
104
11
164
6
96
148
181
54
66
386
419
104
113
290
326
84
95
28
64
12
26
182
217
60
72
338
373
102
113
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-8
69
123
-72
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
151
224
279
81
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-3
23
35
-42
with coupled direct payments
€/t
55
74
80
47
55
89
20
33
287
320
77
86
184
220
54
64
-69
-33
-28
-14
-207
-173
-75
-63
-4
30
-1
8
-110
-74
-32
-21
-342
-306
-141
-126
100
259
36
94
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-216
-171
-180
-330
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-57
-16
-23
-177
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-79
-56
-52
-193
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-21
-5
-7
-104
58
EU cereal farms report 2012
Estonia
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 53% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
35
34
29
27
18
20
Farms represented
number
523
434
433
344
178
276
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
125,0 123,5 110,6 144,3 155,6 118,7
Total labour input
AWU
1,5
1,7
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,7
Barley area
ha
52,1
65,3
55,7
68,6
79,8
59,7
59,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
125
189
139
187
198
171
162
Barley yield
t / ha
2,4
2,9
2,5
2,7
2,5
2,9
2,7
Barley price
€/t
103
97
107
170
134
99
138
Barley output
'000 €
12,8
18,4
14,9
31,8
26,6
16,8
22,5
Common wheat
ha
12,6
13,3
13,1
14,7
21,2
18,8
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Oats
ha
4,6
2,1
1,5
1,8
4,5
Rye
ha
1,4
2,1
1,8
0,7
2,4
1,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
1,5
0,4
0,9
Total output
'000 €
23,0
35,2
26,6
58,6
54,8
32,4
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
59,7
168
2,8
198
33,1
247
1
281
0
267
464
333
282
1
376
1
555
1
248
104
282
97
267
107
35
499
183
33
367
148
20
303
106
20
397
146
20
576
205
128
45
52
23
117
29
54
28
136
28
70
24
155
37
82
27
156
40
81
28
151
49
70
26
137
43
62
26
156
49
74
26
7
93
37
21
11
6
17
221
92
6
105
48
25
7
7
17
222
77
14
98
45
23
6
10
15
234
94
9
116
51
30
8
8
19
271
99
7
149
62
37
7
21
23
305
123
7
130
46
28
18
10
29
281
98
7
140
52
29
18
11
29
277
102
7
153
60
31
19
13
31
308
110
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
51
22
11
3
8
66
61
6
44
23
14
4
6
59
58
1
46
31
18
5
7
73
72
1
64
42
21
5
16
56
71
-15
82
44
21
6
16
46
75
-29
79
45
26
5
13
160
93
67
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
27
27
11
11
60
60
21
21
33
33
13
13
228
228
83
83
62
62
25
25
22
22
8
8
120
120
44
44
268
268
95
95
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-46
-7
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-46
-7
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-19
-3
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-19
-3
-44
-44
-18
-18
121
121
44
44
-65
-65
-26
-26
-101
-101
-35
-35
-117
-117
-47
-47
65
65
24
24
-111
-111
-45
-45
-262
-262
-92
-92
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-113
-66
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-113
-66
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-47
-23
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-47
-23
59
EU cereal farms report 2012
Ireland
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 64% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
15
20
28
32
23
Farms represented
number
1713
1667
2142
2603
1792
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
32,8
42,1
40,0
37,7
41,5
Total labour input
AWU
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,7
0,7
Barley area
ha
21,0
25,9
24,4
25,4
28,7
28,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
138
168
148
158
179
183
Barley yield
t / ha
6,6
6,5
6,1
6,2
6,2
6,4
Barley price
€/t
104
123
204
138
107
157
Barley output
'000 €
14,2
20,7
30,2
21,7
19,1
28,8
Common wheat
ha
1,2
1,4
0,7
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Oats
ha
0,4
0,6
0,2
0,4
0,2
Rye
ha
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
Total output
'000 €
24,5
34,0
45,0
31,1
30,3
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
28,7
204
7,1
170
34,8
680
65
368
799
137
1240
146
855
105
666
133
1002
133
1210
133
1112
170
937
145
1386
228
961
155
799
128
1136
178
1343
189
293
56
121
102
320
62
154
99
346
63
157
119
421
73
218
123
363
64
189
105
336
60
166
106
373
61
204
104
14
245
40
54
114
3
34
537
82
5
314
34
73
169
5
33
634
98
8
315
53
83
124
5
50
661
109
7
321
57
88
129
5
43
743
119
5
282
52
56
107
3
64
646
103
5
287
60
55
106
4
63
623
98
5
298
70
54
107
4
63
671
94
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
116
96
45
43
9
492
221
271
169
85
21
34
29
568
329
239
175
130
37
67
25
717
385
332
181
86
22
34
30
726
364
362
130
73
22
33
17
565
274
290
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
207
575
32
88
302
302
47
47
724
724
119
119
218
218
35
35
154
154
25
25
512
512
80
80
673
673
95
95
48
48
7
7
420
420
69
69
-49
-49
-8
-8
-49
-49
-8
-8
-519
-519
-80
-80
-298
-298
-49
-49
-775
-775
-125
-125
-613
-613
-98
-98
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-5
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
363
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-1
with coupled direct payments
€/t
55
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-497
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-129
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-76
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-20
60
EU cereal farms report 2012
Italy
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 63% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
16
18
37
61
57
43
40
Farms represented
number
1850
1241
2635
3089
3104
3063
5856
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
11,4
18,5
23,0
22,1
19,1
20,0
14,2
Total labour input
AWU
0,6
0,9
0,7
0,9
0,8
0,9
0,5
Barley area
ha
9,1
10,4
11,4
13,0
13,6
11,9
8,3
8,3
in which irrigated area
ha
0,7
1,2
0,2
2,1
1,6
0,6
Barley production
t
38
45
48
49
55
52
32
34
Barley yield
t / ha
4,1
4,4
4,2
3,8
4,0
4,4
3,9
4,1
Barley price
€/t
146
142
128
145
225
184
170
224
Barley output
'000 €
5,5
6,4
6,1
7,2
12,4
9,6
5,5
7,6
Common wheat
ha
0,9
0,4
0,1
0,4
0,2
0,5
Durum wheat
ha
0,4
0,4
2,0
2,4
0,4
1,2
0,9
Grain maize
ha
0,7
1,0
0,1
0,2
0,6
0,3
0,1
Oats
ha
0,2
0,0
0,5
1,4
0,5
0,0
Rye
ha
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,2
0,0
Total output
'000 €
8,8
9,8
10,0
11,9
17,6
15,8
9,1
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
8,3
34
4,1
235
8,0
603
1
145
618
38
233
540
32
555
17
910
39
803
12
663
50
920
50
971
50
748
181
888
204
572
135
572
150
948
235
815
186
713
183
970
236
1022
247
262
89
92
60
143
62
55
23
3
259
101
36
61
272
747
171
62
402
95
50
352
92
181
68
72
30
3
7
283
121
33
66
0
63
464
115
159
61
71
16
21
485
111
46
57
143
59
61
18
0
6
209
87
28
43
10
244
80
28
51
7
78
403
92
149
51
66
21
2
9
229
98
8
52
5
67
378
97
143
49
61
21
2
10
237
104
8
53
5
68
380
92
156
52
70
22
2
10
255
117
8
54
5
70
411
99
590
590
143
143
610
610
147
147
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
139
including:
Seeds €/ha
45
Fertilizers €/ha
50
Crop protection €/ha
33
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
11
Non-specific costs
€/ha
229
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
75
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
56
Contract work €/ha
44
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
54
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
368
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
89
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
243
31
2
29
0
834
694
140
191
310
175
130
5
1370
1130
241
177
96
29
66
0
734
591
144
158
58
35
22
1
932
704
228
230
51
17
32
2
956
745
211
236
43
20
23
0
1073
900
173
265
15
3
12
0
893
701
192
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
235
379
57
92
-92
140
-21
32
169
169
40
40
219
219
58
58
485
485
120
120
412
412
94
94
335
335
86
86
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-39
-593
-103
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
106
-361
-103
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-9
-136
-24
with coupled direct payments
€/t
26
-83
-24
3
3
1
1
203
203
50
50
133
133
30
30
54
54
14
14
-929
-929
-243
-243
-753
-753
-186
-186
-940
-940
-215
-215
-839
-839
-215
-215
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-873 -1964
-838
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-728 -1731
-838
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-212
-450
-198
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-177
-397
-198
61
EU cereal farms report 2012
Lithuania
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 54% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
32
57
59
79
29
18
Farms represented
number
1135
1173
1390
1935
636
625
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
60,2
69,8
75,9
65,4
81,1
63,9
Total labour input
AWU
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,6
1,6
1,5
Barley area
ha
25,4
35,4
40,7
34,8
42,6
31,7
31,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
88
120
95
115
150
108
79
Barley yield
t / ha
3,5
3,4
2,3
3,3
3,5
3,4
2,5
Barley price
€/t
90
94
104
174
131
91
137
Barley output
'000 €
7,9
11,3
9,9
19,9
19,7
9,8
10,8
Common wheat
ha
8,3
10,9
13,4
9,7
11,3
10,4
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Oats
ha
0,5
1,0
0,5
0,6
0,1
Rye
ha
0,4
0,3
0,8
0,4
3,3
4,5
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
0,6
0,5
0,3
Oth.cereals
ha
0,9
2,3
3,4
3,0
5,1
6,2
Total output
'000 €
14,3
19,7
18,0
35,0
38,0
19,6
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
31,7
100
3,2
156
15,6
310
0
318
0
243
0
573
1
461
1
308
341
493
311
90
318
94
243
104
41
614
187
38
501
142
29
337
99
29
370
149
29
522
165
127
40
51
20
145
34
75
31
137
34
72
27
160
46
80
32
179
41
99
30
120
35
56
24
119
33
55
26
138
34
73
26
16
88
51
16
2
4
16
215
62
5
86
46
16
5
3
16
231
68
4
76
43
11
4
3
15
213
92
3
106
55
23
5
3
19
265
81
9
108
66
21
1
3
17
287
82
6
96
42
21
3
6
23
217
64
6
105
49
22
4
7
24
224
90
6
124
60
27
4
9
24
262
83
49
27
8
15
4
102
77
25
41
35
11
20
4
75
63
12
45
34
7
20
7
66
60
6
59
42
10
24
8
102
102
0
67
38
10
20
8
66
98
-32
79
38
11
17
11
191
110
81
96
96
28
28
86
86
25
25
30
30
13
13
349
349
106
106
214
214
61
61
120
120
35
35
146
146
59
59
260
260
82
82
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
20
10
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
20
10
without coupled direct payments
€/t
6
3
with coupled direct payments
€/t
6
3
-49
-49
-21
-21
248
248
75
75
110
110
31
31
3
3
1
1
-115
-115
-49
-49
146
146
44
44
44
44
12
12
-188
-188
-55
-55
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-82
-65
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-82
-65
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-24
-19
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-24
-19
62
EU cereal farms report 2012
Poland
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 57% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
22
36
40
60
60
40
Farms represented
number
1987
4045
6031
4882
4194
2421
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
22,9
19,1
16,6
20,5
21,3
22,5
Total labour input
AWU
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,0
1,1
1,0
Barley area
ha
13,3
11,7
9,4
11,8
12,6
14,1
14,1
in which irrigated area
ha
0,1
0,4
Barley production
t
53
45
36
46
49
58
48
Barley yield
t / ha
4,0
3,9
3,8
3,9
3,9
4,1
3,4
Barley price
€/t
96
90
122
167
153
94
111
Barley output
'000 €
5,1
4,1
4,4
7,6
7,4
5,5
5,3
Common wheat
ha
3,4
1,4
1,6
2,4
2,5
1,6
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
0,5
0,2
0,3
0,2
0,5
0,4
Oats
ha
1,0
0,3
0,8
0,4
1,0
0,5
Rye
ha
0,2
1,0
0,8
0,7
0,4
1,2
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,3
0,1
0,3
Oth.cereals
ha
1,7
1,3
1,1
1,3
1,1
2,2
Total output
'000 €
9,3
7,4
8,0
13,7
13,0
9,0
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
14,1
50
3,5
167
8,3
384
0
349
2
468
2
647
5
588
5
386
1
375
1
585
1
65
448
113
351
90
471
123
652
169
593
154
387
94
375
111
586
167
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
160
36
83
38
153
32
83
37
172
35
95
41
194
47
102
45
282
66
153
61
213
33
123
57
198
32
108
57
223
40
125
57
3
118
34
26
31
3
23
278
70
1
107
38
15
20
6
28
259
66
1
149
54
25
29
8
33
321
84
1
179
55
35
41
9
38
373
96
2
219
69
37
53
14
46
501
130
0
186
45
33
70
7
31
399
97
0
193
48
33
72
8
32
391
115
1
204
53
34
75
9
33
427
122
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
82
22
6
10
7
184
119
65
114
18
3
8
7
266
189
77
128
21
4
11
6
348
241
107
145
26
10
8
9
308
218
90
134
49
18
17
14
379
313
66
96
26
6
11
10
288
241
47
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
170
170
43
43
92
92
24
24
150
150
39
39
279
279
72
72
92
92
24
24
-12
-12
-3
-3
-16
-16
-5
-5
159
159
45
45
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
65
-41
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
65
-41
without coupled direct payments
€/t
16
-10
with coupled direct payments
€/t
16
-10
0
0
0
0
108
108
28
28
-90
-90
-23
-23
-134
-134
-33
-33
-347
-347
-91
-91
-201
-201
-52
-52
-470
-470
-122
-122
-422
-422
-103
-103
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-118
-307
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-118
-307
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-30
-79
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-30
-79
63
EU cereal farms report 2012
Finland
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 60% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
37
35
61
58
60
80
63
66
Farms represented
number
3052
3018
4823
4493
4274
6303
4904
4578
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
59,6
58,4
56,7
54,8
57,7
58,1
54,3
56,3
Total labour input
AWU
0,8
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,6
Barley area
ha
32,7
32,7
30,9
31,0
31,7
29,7
30,7
32,7
32,7
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
124
121
110
116
113
116
121
128
114
Barley yield
t / ha
3,8
3,7
3,5
3,8
3,5
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,5
Barley price
€/t
106
108
110
97
115
214
127
97
166
Barley output
'000 €
13,2
13,1
12,0
11,2
13,0
24,9
15,4
12,5
18,8
Common wheat
ha
5,0
4,9
6,8
4,9
5,2
5,9
4,6
6,7
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Oats
ha
8,0
6,1
5,3
5,1
3,4
4,9
4,7
4,7
Rye
ha
0,8
0,6
1,2
0,3
0,7
1,5
0,9
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,2
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
Total output
'000 €
23,1
20,6
19,8
18,6
22,1
40,6
26,1
21,2
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
403
402
225
627
165
2011
32,7
125
3,8
173
21,6
363
0
217
410
1
838
0
502
381
577
660
217
389
0
227
619
167
617
174
580
154
410
116
838
214
502
127
381
97
577
166
660
173
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
201
including:
Seeds €/ha
50
Fertilizers €/ha
107
Crop protection €/ha
40
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
3
Non-specific costs
€/ha
240
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
40
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
65
Contract work €/ha
19
Energy €/ha
18
Other direct costs €/ha
98
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
441
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
116
194
40
108
42
206
49
106
42
191
39
101
44
188
39
104
42
227
53
117
47
225
57
115
46
298
50
184
57
292
49
187
50
355
53
247
48
5
314
49
111
26
22
106
508
137
8
322
66
89
27
23
116
528
149
6
329
73
87
26
24
120
520
139
3
331
71
84
32
27
117
518
146
9
400
83
113
40
25
139
627
160
7
386
101
99
35
30
121
611
155
7
378
84
100
46
29
119
676
173
7
405
99
104
47
34
121
697
201
7
452
127
107
49
44
125
807
212
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
246
102
14
53
35
350
212
138
281
123
23
65
35
394
232
161
260
100
13
57
30
419
242
177
265
106
12
55
39
376
222
155
238
105
9
65
31
376
206
170
320
135
13
75
46
444
278
166
284
112
5
67
41
338
234
105
279
105
4
68
33
373
233
140
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-38
186
-10
49
-106
111
-29
30
-138
89
-39
25
-157
60
-42
16
-108
-108
-31
-31
211
211
54
54
-109
-109
-28
-28
-295
-295
-75
-75
-120
-120
-35
-35
-147
-147
-38
-38
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-387
-510
-498
-528
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-162
-292
-271
-311
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-102
-137
-140
-141
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-43
-79
-76
-83
-451
-451
-127
-127
-244
-244
-62
-62
-505
-505
-128
-128
-679
-679
-173
-173
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-737
-903
-917
-905
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-512
-686
-690
-688
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-194
-244
-258
-241
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-135
-185
-194
-183
-827
-827
-233
-233
-688
-688
-176
-176
-844
-844
-214
-214
-1051
-1051
-269
-269
64
EU cereal farms report 2012
United Kingdom
farms specialised in the production of barley: 40 % or more of output from barley production (avg. 55% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
29
43
30
26
40
61
66
50
Farms represented
number
1687
1921
1657
1278
1739
2487
2482
1696
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
111,0 124,5 134,5 106,7 106,6 103,0 114,8 112,6
Total labour input
AWU
1,4
1,4
1,3
1,4
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,1
Barley area
ha
58,9
60,6
65,1
56,8
55,1
49,8
61,9
66,4
66,4
in which irrigated area
ha
Barley production
t
313
370
371
365
348
287
385
421
412
Barley yield
t / ha
5,3
6,1
5,7
6,4
6,3
5,8
6,2
6,3
6,2
Barley price
€/t
120
123
113
116
135
221
173
127
195
Barley output
'000 €
37,6
45,4
41,9
42,2
47,2
63,4
66,6
53,5
80,6
Common wheat
ha
7,1
8,3
12,4
4,4
6,5
8,3
9,8
9,2
Durum wheat
ha
Grain maize
ha
Oats
ha
0,3
1,0
0,8
0,0
0,2
0,9
0,8
Rye
ha
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
Total output
'000 €
72,1
84,4
83,2
73,2
88,4 112,4 121,6
94,2
Receipts from barley (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
2011
66,4
410
6,2
228
93,5
638
69
355
750
55
352
643
47
343
744
79
856
120
1273
115
1076
62
805
83
1213
83
1408
83
1062
200
1158
190
1033
181
823
128
975
154
1388
241
1138
183
888
140
1296
209
1491
242
Barley production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
315
including:
Seeds €/ha
61
Fertilizers €/ha
117
Crop protection €/ha
90
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
47
Non-specific costs
€/ha
300
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
51
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
79
Contract work €/ha
74
Energy €/ha
10
Other direct costs €/ha
87
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
615
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
116
315
59
119
98
347
63
143
110
351
60
149
96
366
63
153
107
384
71
160
111
430
78
195
115
401
60
202
101
361
59
161
101
411
65
203
101
39
329
51
88
71
8
112
644
105
32
298
58
71
66
8
95
646
113
45
387
65
89
88
15
130
738
115
44
354
72
82
97
10
93
720
114
41
420
85
110
95
13
117
804
140
41
391
97
90
90
13
100
821
132
39
360
56
95
97
16
97
762
120
40
382
64
100
100
18
100
743
120
42
407
73
105
104
20
105
818
133
Other farm costs, attributed to barley production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
135
173
63
87
23
355
237
118
158
182
77
67
37
344
198
146
127
159
56
67
36
365
211
154
205
219
102
56
61
374
271
103
152
137
44
59
34
417
245
172
201
169
67
69
34
511
314
197
186
146
51
54
41
343
227
115
184
152
56
59
37
263
169
94
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
92
446
17
84
161
513
26
84
45
388
8
68
85
85
13
13
255
255
40
40
584
584
102
102
318
318
51
51
126
126
20
20
553
553
89
89
673
673
109
109
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-217
-179
-242
-340
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
138
173
102
-340
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-41
-29
-42
-53
with coupled direct payments
€/t
26
28
18
-53
-34
-34
-5
-5
214
214
37
37
-15
-15
-2
-2
-210
-210
-33
-33
-451
-451
-71
-71
-297
-297
-52
-52
-358
-358
-57
-57
-472
-472
-75
-75
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-571
-523
-606
-714
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-216
-171
-263
-714
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-107
-86
-106
-111
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-41
-28
-46
-111
65
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU27
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 67% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
1359
1255
1685
1637
1659
2038
1782
1842
Farms represented
number
95545
97683 108359 106395 107655 178413 155515 151954
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
28,3
29,0
30,3
29,8
33,8
26,2
25,2
27,9
Total labour input
AWU
1,1
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,2
1,1
1,1
Grain maize area
ha
15,2
15,5
16,9
15,8
17,6
13,7
14,1
14,8
14,8
14,8
in which irrigated area
ha
3,5
6,5
5,7
5,2
5,7
4,1
6,8
6,6
Grain maize production
t
160
149
167
158
173
117
130
132
138
148
Grain maize yield
t / ha
10,6
9,6
9,8
10,0
9,8
8,6
9,3
8,9
9,3
10,0
Grain maize price
€/t
120
138
111
112
133
206
139
125
185
191
Grain maize output
'000 €
19,1
20,6
18,5
17,7
23,1
24,2
18,1
16,5
25,5
28,2
Common wheat
ha
2,4
2,6
3,5
3,5
4,0
3,5
4,1
4,9
Durum wheat
ha
0,9
1,0
0,9
0,8
1,0
0,8
0,5
0,6
Barley
ha
1,9
1,8
1,6
1,9
1,8
1,3
1,0
1,3
Oats
ha
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,1
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,1
0,1
Total output
'000 €
28,8
30,3
28,1
26,6
34,3
35,2
27,9
25,2
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1263
6
442
1
1711
162
1331
6
340
0
1677
174
1093
5
186
5
1289
131
1123
4
149
1311
6
33
1284
5
19
0
1309
141
1118
5
19
1727
5
19
1910
5
19
1349
137
1759
5
29
6
1800
210
1276
127
1142
128
1752
188
1934
194
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
445
458
including:
Seeds €/ha
143
147
Fertilizers €/ha
179
177
Crop protection €/ha
86
89
Water €/ha
30
38
Other specific costs €/ha
8
7
Non-specific costs
€/ha
388
382
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
82
81
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
69
66
Contract work €/ha
100
101
Energy €/ha
20
20
Other direct costs €/ha
116
115
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
833
840
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
79
87
403
124
156
80
32
11
348
83
57
97
20
92
751
76
422
131
166
83
33
9
382
103
57
107
23
91
804
80
435
129
172
86
37
11
406
115
63
108
24
96
841
85
455
132
181
96
31
14
422
114
74
117
25
93
877
103
486
139
215
91
25
16
416
124
66
110
25
91
902
97
470
137
207
86
27
13
382
97
65
101
25
94
853
96
444
140
178
86
28
13
408
112
67
104
29
96
853
91
488
145
214
87
28
14
439
130
69
108
34
99
926
93
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
272
Total external factors
€/ha
175
- Wages paid
€/ha
42
- Rent paid
€/ha
108
- Interest paid
€/ha
25
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
833
- Family labour costs
€/ha
675
- Own capital cost
€/ha
158
249
184
33
123
28
784
654
130
213
147
32
90
24
616
505
111
222
160
39
97
24
662
548
114
233
179
47
108
24
629
503
126
253
197
63
113
21
601
468
133
221
161
45
98
17
616
510
106
224
157
42
96
19
604
454
150
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
496
836
52
87
352
537
36
55
323
472
32
47
475
508
48
52
894
923
104
108
388
407
42
44
270
290
30
33
880
899
94
96
989
1008
99
101
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-10
64
-8
-59
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
432
404
178
90
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-1
7
-1
-6
with coupled direct payments
€/t
41
42
18
9
64
97
6
10
443
472
52
55
6
26
1
3
-111
-91
-12
-10
-565
-533
-57
-54
-158
-129
-18
-15
-610
-590
-66
-64
-714
-695
-80
-78
436
878
41
83
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-843
-720
-624
-721
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-401
-380
-438
-572
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-80
-75
-63
-72
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-38
-39
-45
-57
66
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU15
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 68% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
1359
1255
1284
1211
1238
1570
1406
1330
Farms represented
number
95545
97683
95162
89353
95678 113122
97043
88263
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
28,3
29,0
25,6
26,3
27,5
27,9
25,2
27,9
Total labour input
AWU
1,1
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
0,9
1,0
0,9
Grain maize area
ha
15,2
15,5
14,4
13,9
14,4
14,3
14,7
15,5
15,5
15,5
in which irrigated area
ha
3,5
6,5
6,4
6,2
6,3
6,3
10,5
11,1
Grain maize production
t
160
149
152
149
156
154
158
169
185
197
Grain maize yield
t / ha
10,6
9,6
10,6
10,7
10,8
10,7
10,8
10,9
12,0
12,7
Grain maize price
€/t
120
138
116
119
140
205
141
129
202
201
Grain maize output
'000 €
19,1
20,6
17,7
17,7
21,8
31,5
22,3
21,9
37,4
39,4
Common wheat
ha
2,4
2,6
2,0
2,2
2,4
3,0
3,0
3,2
Durum wheat
ha
0,9
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,1
1,2
0,8
0,9
Barley
ha
1,9
1,8
1,5
1,9
1,5
1,6
0,9
1,4
Oats
ha
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,1
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
Total output
'000 €
28,8
30,3
26,1
26,1
31,3
44,7
33,2
32,1
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1263
6
442
1
1711
162
1228
7
247
1272
5
201
1517
7
45
2202
7
44
1519
7
30
1415
7
32
2422
7
32
2551
7
32
1482
140
1477
138
1569
145
2254
210
1556
144
1454
133
2461
205
2590
204
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
445
458
including:
Seeds €/ha
143
147
Fertilizers €/ha
179
177
Crop protection €/ha
86
89
Water €/ha
30
38
Other specific costs €/ha
8
7
Non-specific costs
€/ha
388
382
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
82
81
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
69
66
Contract work €/ha
100
101
Energy €/ha
20
20
Other direct costs €/ha
116
115
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
833
840
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
79
87
455
140
176
87
43
9
386
86
66
107
20
108
841
80
474
146
188
87
44
8
415
107
67
109
24
109
889
83
498
146
197
92
51
12
450
118
72
118
25
116
948
88
552
153
225
112
47
15
514
129
93
144
26
123
1066
99
600
166
271
104
38
20
500
144
77
133
26
121
1100
102
609
171
272
105
44
16
486
114
82
128
29
132
1094
100
564
165
232
105
45
17
516
133
84
131
34
135
1080
90
618
171
278
105
47
17
551
153
86
134
39
138
1169
92
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
272
Total external factors
€/ha
175
- Wages paid
€/ha
42
- Rent paid
€/ha
108
- Interest paid
€/ha
25
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
833
- Family labour costs
€/ha
675
- Own capital cost
€/ha
158
249
184
33
123
28
784
654
130
249
166
31
113
22
812
671
141
258
180
39
120
21
858
718
140
279
195
43
130
21
849
687
162
311
221
48
149
24
815
634
181
283
180
40
122
18
852
712
140
307
182
34
127
21
859
665
194
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
496
836
52
87
394
642
37
61
387
588
36
55
576
621
53
57
1144
1188
106
111
426
456
40
42
328
360
30
33
1349
1381
113
115
1389
1421
109
112
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-10
64
-21
-51
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
432
404
227
149
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-1
7
-2
-5
with coupled direct payments
€/t
41
42
21
14
103
148
9
14
612
656
57
61
-37
-7
-3
-1
-161
-129
-15
-12
-746
-701
-69
-65
-202
-158
-19
-15
-889
-859
-83
-80
-1020
-988
-93
-90
436
878
41
83
1331
6
340
0
1677
174
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-843
-720
-833
-910
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-401
-380
-585
-709
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-80
-75
-79
-85
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-38
-39
-55
-66
67
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU10
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 58% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
401
426
421
413
289
348
Farms represented
number
13197
17042
11978
15456
9007
11204
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
63,8
48,0
84,7
53,7
64,8
68,0
Total labour input
AWU
1,1
1,0
1,4
0,9
1,2
1,1
Grain maize area
ha
35,1
25,4
43,5
27,6
35,5
33,9
33,9
33,9
in which irrigated area
ha
0,4
0,4
0,2
0,1
0,2
Grain maize production
t
268
205
314
140
291
246
242
253
Grain maize yield
t / ha
7,6
8,0
7,2
5,1
8,2
7,3
7,1
7,5
Grain maize price
€/t
91
86
106
215
114
102
151
150
Grain maize output
'000 €
24,3
17,7
33,3
30,1
33,2
25,2
36,4
38,1
Common wheat
ha
14,2
10,2
17,6
9,9
12,3
15,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,2
Barley
ha
2,2
2,2
4,1
2,8
3,4
2,7
Oats
ha
0,3
0,4
0,6
0,4
0,3
0,7
Rye
ha
0,7
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,2
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,3
Oth.cereals
ha
2,0
1,1
1,1
0,7
1,0
1,0
Total output
'000 €
41,9
29,7
57,5
50,5
58,9
44,3
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
693
2
2
19
716
94
695
2
1
765
1
1
697
87
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
249
76
96
62
0
15
238
75
30
70
19
45
487
64
271
88
104
69
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
1093
2
937
2
745
1
1076
1
1126
1
767
106
36
1131
222
938
115
745
102
1077
151
1127
151
10
288
93
31
103
21
41
559
69
268
85
107
70
0
7
290
105
37
83
20
46
558
77
320
103
127
82
0
7
304
113
41
84
21
45
625
123
349
99
159
85
0
6
316
112
41
85
26
53
665
81
346
98
156
86
0
5
290
105
39
71
18
57
635
87
330
99
138
87
0
6
313
119
40
74
20
59
643
90
374
113
169
86
0
6
337
135
41
77
23
61
712
95
111
91
34
27
29
87
60
27
119
101
36
36
29
138
94
44
115
131
51
51
28
103
66
37
158
112
41
47
24
124
96
28
139
143
54
59
30
147
100
47
127
138
53
57
28
147
81
65
227
229
30
30
137
138
17
17
209
210
29
29
507
507
100
100
273
273
33
33
110
110
15
15
433
433
61
61
415
415
55
55
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
25
-83
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
27
-82
without coupled direct payments
€/t
3
-10
with coupled direct payments
€/t
4
-10
-38
-37
-5
-5
237
237
47
47
-10
-10
-1
-1
-155
-155
-21
-21
-141
-140
-19
-19
113
113
22
22
-157
-157
-19
-19
-301
-301
-41
-41
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-61
-221
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-59
-220
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-8
-27
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-8
-27
68
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU2
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 60% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
55
87
164
Farms represented
number
49835
49465
52487
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
14,0
18,0
19,4
Total labour input
AWU
1,7
1,1
1,4
Grain maize area
ha
8,1
9,0
9,6
9,6
9,6
in which irrigated area
ha
0,2
0,8
0,5
Grain maize production
t
28
46
45
51
57
Grain maize yield
t / ha
3,5
5,2
4,7
5,3
5,9
Grain maize price
€/t
200
152
127
164
184
Grain maize output
'000 €
5,6
7,0
5,7
8,4
10,5
Common wheat
ha
2,7
4,7
5,5
Durum wheat
ha
0,1
0,1
Barley
ha
0,2
0,8
0,7
Oats
ha
0,1
0,3
0,3
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,0
Total output
'000 €
8,8
11,9
9,7
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
690
0
781
1
591
4
873
4
1090
4
690
200
0
782
152
596
128
878
165
1095
185
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
209
78
63
49
0
19
180
55
35
43
25
23
389
113
219
82
73
52
0
11
216
70
49
53
21
24
436
85
189
76
71
33
1
9
172
44
38
53
19
17
361
78
206
101
59
36
1
9
188
52
39
56
23
18
394
74
221
99
75
36
1
10
209
61
43
59
27
19
430
73
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
121
183
132
45
5
290
226
65
88
106
50
51
5
255
212
44
82
95
47
44
4
298
203
95
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
301
301
87
87
347
347
67
67
235
235
50
50
483
483
91
91
665
665
113
113
-3
-3
-1
-1
152
152
30
30
57
57
12
12
-293
-293
-85
-85
-103
-103
-20
-20
-241
-241
-52
-52
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
69
EU cereal farms report 2012
Germany
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 56% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
15
18
Farms represented
number
393
365
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
124,1
79,7
Total labour input
AWU
1,6
1,4
Grain maize area
ha
54,4
46,8
46,8
46,8
in which irrigated area
ha
Grain maize production
t
492
479
420
508
Grain maize yield
t / ha
9,0
10,2
9,0
10,9
Grain maize price
€/t
192
110
170
173
Grain maize output
'000 €
94,3
52,6
71,2
87,9
Common wheat
ha
23,9
9,3
Durum wheat
ha
Barley
ha
5,9
4,2
Oats
ha
3,7
0,3
Rye
ha
4,6
4,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,6
0,4
Oth.cereals
ha
0,7
Total output
'000 €
180,5
82,0
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1734
3
1123
3
1522
3
1879
3
1737
192
1126
110
1525
170
1882
173
523
122
236
105
472
135
200
95
441
129
172
96
496
154
196
101
59
560
131
126
86
64
153
1083
120
43
491
118
89
106
41
136
963
94
44
507
125
92
108
44
138
948
106
45
538
142
95
110
50
141
1034
95
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
265
296
31
236
28
285
229
56
234
238
53
139
46
387
285
102
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
654
654
72
72
163
163
16
16
577
577
64
64
848
848
78
78
93
93
10
10
-309
-309
-30
-30
-192
-192
-21
-21
-696
-696
-68
-68
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
70
EU cereal farms report 2012
Greece
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 70% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
157
202
224
188
236
344
312
233
Farms represented
number
19356
22881
23413
21547
29331
37874
33356
25276
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
7,1
7,6
8,0
8,2
9,9
10,0
9,6
10,1
Total labour input
AWU
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,7
0,7
0,8
0,7
Grain maize area
ha
3,9
4,2
4,6
4,8
5,2
5,5
5,8
5,3
5,3
5,3
in which irrigated area
ha
2,4
2,6
2,7
2,9
3,4
4,1
4,9
4,1
Grain maize production
t
48
51
57
60
64
66
71
69
73
76
Grain maize yield
t / ha
12,4
12,3
12,5
12,4
12,2
12,0
12,2
12,9
13,7
14,2
Grain maize price
€/t
143
144
141
131
147
233
141
131
192
196
Grain maize output
'000 €
6,9
7,4
8,1
7,8
9,4
15,4
10,0
9,1
14,0
14,8
Common wheat
ha
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,6
0,7
0,9
1,1
Durum wheat
ha
1,2
1,4
1,5
1,7
1,5
1,3
0,8
1,7
Barley
ha
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,4
0,3
0,3
Oats
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
Total output
'000 €
11,0
11,3
11,8
11,4
12,6
20,6
14,6
12,9
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1766
4
229
1999
161
1782
2
194
0
1978
160
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
582
615
including:
Seeds €/ha
150
154
Fertilizers €/ha
226
238
Crop protection €/ha
109
121
Water €/ha
55
57
Other specific costs €/ha
42
45
Non-specific costs
€/ha
382
416
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
121
148
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
40
43
Contract work €/ha
180
190
Energy €/ha
22
23
Other direct costs €/ha
19
12
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
964
1031
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
78
83
1756
2
214
1616
1
205
1800
3
2801
1726
1699
1
2622
1
2781
1
1972
158
1822
147
1802
148
2801
233
1726
141
1700
131
2622
192
2781
196
638
163
253
126
55
42
378
136
45
160
24
12
1016
82
618
159
245
121
55
38
388
125
44
183
24
12
1007
81
685
185
282
119
56
43
473
163
59
189
35
26
1158
95
744
193
293
142
61
55
505
187
60
213
29
16
1248
104
780
201
342
133
67
37
514
232
53
180
37
12
1294
106
740
199
343
116
51
31
546
211
65
210
48
13
1286
99
681
197
281
117
53
33
628
269
66
220
61
14
1309
96
703
199
298
118
55
34
702
321
68
226
73
14
1405
99
1313
1313
96
96
1376
1376
97
97
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
362
Total external factors
€/ha
261
- Wages paid
€/ha
33
- Rent paid
€/ha
211
- Interest paid
€/ha
17
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
968
- Family labour costs
€/ha
719
- Own capital cost
€/ha
249
365
278
32
213
33
927
709
218
371
265
42
219
3
934
672
262
347
256
41
209
6
1047
840
206
457
287
30
250
7
869
649
220
472
323
41
277
5
884
629
255
387
280
25
246
9
891
691
200
425
297
23
266
7
980
689
291
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
754
948
61
77
742
956
60
77
610
815
49
66
644
644
53
53
1552
1552
129
129
432
432
35
35
414
414
32
32
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
184
110
106
7
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
412
304
321
212
without coupled direct payments
€/t
15
9
9
1
with coupled direct payments
€/t
33
25
26
17
-100
-100
-8
-8
757
757
63
63
-234
-234
-19
-19
-308
-308
-24
-24
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-785
-817
-828 -1040
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-556
-623
-614
-835
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-63
-66
-66
-84
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-45
-50
-49
-67
-968
-968
-79
-79
-127
-127
-11
-11
-1125
-1125
-92
-92
-1288
-1288
-100
-100
806
1034
65
84
71
EU cereal farms report 2012
Spain
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 70% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
295
278
247
276
224
291
238
279
Farms represented
number
17802
17223
18948
18242
18856
22190
14197
15942
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
42,9
41,6
35,6
39,7
36,3
34,9
40,1
41,7
Total labour input
AWU
1,2
1,2
1,1
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,1
1,1
Grain maize area
ha
16,2
17,2
15,6
14,8
14,9
14,3
19,3
19,5
19,5
19,5
in which irrigated area
ha
16,2
17,1
15,5
14,7
14,9
14,1
19,0
19,2
Grain maize production
t
177
185
168
159
187
163
208
216
225
231
Grain maize yield
t / ha
10,9
10,8
10,8
10,7
12,5
11,4
10,8
11,1
11,5
11,8
Grain maize price
€/t
129
137
128
131
141
231
149
136
206
206
Grain maize output
'000 €
22,8
25,5
21,6
20,8
26,4
37,6
31,1
29,5
46,4
47,6
Common wheat
ha
1,6
2,2
1,4
1,9
1,5
2,6
4,3
4,1
Durum wheat
ha
1,9
0,8
0,9
1,1
1,3
1,3
1,0
0,5
Barley
ha
7,8
7,4
5,5
7,5
5,2
5,5
3,6
5,0
Oats
ha
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,3
Rye
ha
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0
Total output
'000 €
33,9
37,3
31,9
31,0
37,0
49,8
46,8
41,9
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1404
3
460
1483
6
443
1384
4
405
1407
2
414
1771
3
108
2632
1
94
1616
2
95
1508
1
86
2375
1
86
2435
1
86
1867
171
1931
179
1793
166
1823
170
1883
150
2727
240
1713
158
1596
144
2463
214
2522
213
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
468
447
including:
Seeds €/ha
173
174
Fertilizers €/ha
166
146
Crop protection €/ha
52
55
Water €/ha
71
67
Other specific costs €/ha
7
4
Non-specific costs
€/ha
248
225
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
80
64
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
41
36
Contract work €/ha
78
80
Energy €/ha
12
9
Other direct costs €/ha
37
35
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
716
671
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
66
62
460
149
161
53
88
9
245
69
47
72
12
45
704
65
508
174
174
51
101
8
290
101
53
79
11
46
798
74
517
176
152
46
122
20
300
103
52
89
13
43
816
65
525
177
183
67
80
18
354
117
67
105
14
51
879
77
587
191
234
65
84
13
308
105
54
97
14
38
895
83
587
205
218
64
91
9
305
92
59
93
15
46
892
80
551
192
192
64
93
10
329
110
59
95
18
47
880
76
606
203
233
64
96
10
358
131
59
98
21
49
964
81
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
117
Total external factors
€/ha
142
- Wages paid
€/ha
48
- Rent paid
€/ha
81
- Interest paid
€/ha
13
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
694
- Family labour costs
€/ha
477
- Own capital cost
€/ha
217
72
118
32
71
16
687
537
151
78
120
37
70
13
715
571
144
88
169
56
96
17
788
618
170
113
146
39
95
12
899
693
206
148
132
35
78
19
1078
829
249
100
135
41
85
9
739
531
208
113
152
45
98
9
774
569
205
817
1260
76
117
684
1089
63
101
611
1025
57
95
958
1066
76
85
1753
1847
154
162
723
818
67
76
617
704
56
64
1497
1583
130
137
1472
1559
124
132
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
432
627
486
354
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
892
1070
891
767
without coupled direct payments
€/t
40
58
45
33
with coupled direct payments
€/t
82
99
83
71
699
807
56
64
1473
1567
129
138
488
583
45
54
353
439
32
40
-200
-92
-16
-7
395
489
35
43
-252
-156
-23
-14
-421
-335
-38
-30
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
690
1150
63
106
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-262
-60
-229
-435
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
198
382
176
-21
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-24
-6
-21
-40
with coupled direct payments
€/t
18
35
16
-2
72
EU cereal farms report 2012
France
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 66% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
232
226
200
201
209
272
208
221
Farms represented
number
15001
16237
11808
12369
13474
15888
12438
13050
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
70,1
71,9
76,8
69,8
74,6
78,1
66,4
68,3
Total labour input
AWU
1,3
1,4
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,4
1,3
1,3
Grain maize area
ha
40,0
39,6
45,2
39,5
40,3
40,7
39,9
39,9
39,9
39,9
in which irrigated area
ha
26,2
26,0
Grain maize production
t
399
345
458
400
401
412
409
402
387
451
Grain maize yield
t / ha
10,0
8,7
10,1
10,1
10,0
10,1
10,2
10,1
9,7
11,3
Grain maize price
€/t
104
129
98
108
135
186
135
123
181
215
Grain maize output
'000 €
41,4
44,6
45,0
43,4
54,0
76,5
55,3
49,6
70,0
97,2
Common wheat
ha
9,1
9,1
9,3
9,1
9,0
10,5
8,5
9,0
Durum wheat
ha
1,2
1,2
1,9
1,8
2,2
2,6
1,7
1,1
Barley
ha
1,4
2,1
1,8
1,4
1,9
1,4
1,0
1,6
Oats
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,2
Rye
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,0
0,0
0,0
Oth.cereals
ha
0,6
0,4
0,4
0,7
0,4
0,8
0,3
0,5
Total output
'000 €
64,0
67,8
68,2
64,4
79,5 113,7
84,2
76,1
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1034
4
460
1126
4
446
995
5
230
1099
3
237
1341
6
58
1878
7
64
1384
4
33
1243
6
31
1753
6
31
2434
6
31
1499
150
1576
181
1230
121
1339
132
1404
141
1949
193
1422
139
1280
127
1791
185
2471
219
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
459
473
including:
Seeds €/ha
133
136
Fertilizers €/ha
186
191
Crop protection €/ha
108
109
Water €/ha
31
37
Other specific costs €/ha
0
0
Non-specific costs
€/ha
447
440
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
54
60
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
96
93
Contract work €/ha
109
100
Energy €/ha
34
34
Other direct costs €/ha
154
153
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
905
912
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
91
105
462
133
181
106
42
0
447
65
94
117
31
141
909
90
490
134
207
112
36
1
499
84
95
119
41
160
989
98
497
126
215
117
37
1
539
90
104
131
41
174
1036
104
540
130
235
137
37
1
603
89
135
157
40
183
1144
113
595
137
297
124
36
1
591
102
109
166
39
175
1186
116
649
154
330
128
35
1
560
77
118
140
42
183
1209
120
586
150
272
127
36
1
591
92
121
143
50
186
1177
121
654
151
339
126
37
1
621
104
124
146
57
190
1275
113
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
249
Total external factors
€/ha
182
- Wages paid
€/ha
37
- Rent paid
€/ha
104
- Interest paid
€/ha
41
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
328
- Family labour costs
€/ha
293
- Own capital cost
€/ha
35
250
194
36
115
42
363
341
23
247
171
31
105
35
328
302
26
251
187
37
113
37
372
354
18
265
202
53
112
37
407
364
43
287
227
53
132
42
417
361
56
266
183
37
108
38
387
358
29
303
185
32
111
42
438
369
68
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
218
664
25
76
91
321
9
32
113
350
11
35
310
368
31
37
741
805
73
80
202
236
20
23
39
70
4
7
583
614
60
63
1165
1196
103
106
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-297
-227
-326
-325
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
163
219
-97
-87
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-30
-26
-32
-32
with coupled direct payments
€/t
16
25
-10
-9
-157
-99
-16
-10
227
291
22
29
-246
-213
-24
-21
-449
-417
-45
-41
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-626
-590
-654
-697
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-165
-144
-425
-460
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-63
-68
-65
-69
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-17
-17
-42
-45
-563
-506
-57
-51
-190
-126
-19
-12
-633
-600
-62
-59
-886
-855
-88
-85
134
594
13
60
73
EU cereal farms report 2012
Hungary
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 57% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
298
322
327
317
214
258
Farms represented
number
10407
14067
9485
12139
7540
9200
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
57,7
46,3
84,3
52,7
62,6
67,5
Total labour input
AWU
0,9
0,8
1,3
0,8
1,1
1,0
Grain maize area
ha
30,2
23,7
42,6
27,6
34,0
33,9
33,9
33,9
in which irrigated area
ha
0,1
0,2
Grain maize production
t
238
196
326
122
286
244
237
238
Grain maize yield
t / ha
7,9
8,2
7,7
4,4
8,4
7,2
7,0
7,0
Grain maize price
€/t
92
86
103
224
113
101
146
149
Grain maize output
'000 €
21,8
16,7
33,5
27,3
32,3
24,6
34,6
35,5
Common wheat
ha
14,2
10,1
18,2
9,8
12,3
15,4
Durum wheat
ha
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,1
Barley
ha
2,1
1,7
3,5
1,8
3,0
2,3
Oats
ha
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,2
0,6
Rye
ha
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,1
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
1,8
1,1
1,0
0,6
1,1
0,7
Total output
'000 €
38,9
28,4
57,4
46,2
58,5
43,6
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
723
3
706
2
786
2
992
2
950
2
724
1
1020
1
1046
1
726
92
708
86
788
103
46
1040
235
952
113
725
101
1021
146
1046
149
333
94
149
86
0
4
292
108
38
78
14
55
625
87
320
96
133
88
0
4
318
124
39
81
16
58
638
91
364
108
164
87
0
4
343
140
40
84
18
60
706
101
382
382
55
55
340
340
48
48
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
259
79
89
69
264
89
90
72
262
87
97
72
303
102
116
79
21
278
90
32
91
12
53
537
68
12
314
101
30
125
17
41
578
70
7
302
110
35
96
19
42
564
74
5
307
119
39
95
12
42
610
138
341
97
151
88
0
6
323
118
41
95
16
52
663
79
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
122
114
43
33
38
79
66
13
121
113
41
40
32
142
99
43
115
141
52
57
31
97
65
32
154
116
41
49
26
101
88
13
134
157
60
66
31
139
96
43
113
144
53
61
30
137
72
64
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
189
189
24
24
130
130
16
16
224
224
29
29
430
430
97
97
288
288
34
34
100
100
14
14
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-47
-104
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-47
-104
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
-13
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-6
-13
-32
-32
-4
-4
160
160
36
36
-2
-2
0
0
-158
-158
-22
-22
-129
-129
-17
-17
59
59
13
13
-141
-141
-17
-17
-294
-294
-41
-41
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-126
-247
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-126
-247
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-16
-30
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-16
-30
74
EU cereal farms report 2012
Italy
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 70% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
626
499
563
506
527
594
588
533
Farms represented
number
38136
37984
38264
33755
32617
34114
34128
31247
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
17,7
17,7
15,9
16,0
18,3
19,1
18,8
18,2
Total labour input
AWU
1,0
1,0
0,9
1,0
1,0
0,8
1,0
0,9
Grain maize area
ha
11,5
11,6
10,6
10,5
11,4
11,4
12,1
11,3
11,3
11,3
in which irrigated area
ha
7,5
6,6
6,6
6,9
7,3
7,5
7,3
Grain maize production
t
127
113
112
117
118
122
129
124
136
143
Grain maize yield
t / ha
11,0
9,7
10,6
11,1
10,4
10,7
10,7
11,0
12,0
12,7
Grain maize price
€/t
127
148
122
118
143
198
142
136
217
196
Grain maize output
'000 €
16,1
16,6
13,6
13,8
16,9
24,1
18,3
16,9
29,4
28,0
Common wheat
ha
1,4
1,4
1,2
1,3
1,5
2,4
2,6
2,2
Durum wheat
ha
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,5
Barley
ha
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,6
0,4
0,4
Oats
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0
0,1
Total output
'000 €
22,9
22,9
19,5
19,9
24,5
34,6
26,3
24,2
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1396
11
471
1432
8
160
1289
11
171
1319
11
1486
15
2116
17
1512
17
1497
17
2604
17
2477
17
1877
171
1600
165
1471
139
1329
119
1501
144
2133
200
1529
143
1514
138
2621
218
2494
197
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
389
412
including:
Seeds €/ha
136
142
Fertilizers €/ha
169
167
Crop protection €/ha
74
76
Water €/ha
20
Other specific costs €/ha
10
8
Non-specific costs
€/ha
392
387
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
115
108
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
57
50
Contract work €/ha
86
93
Energy €/ha
4
4
Other direct costs €/ha
130
132
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
780
799
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
71
82
398
139
160
76
12
11
401
111
49
100
9
132
799
75
388
137
159
72
12
8
400
139
45
95
8
113
789
71
419
137
172
82
19
9
424
154
47
95
6
121
843
81
497
150
209
94
35
9
491
171
58
121
7
135
989
93
531
161
237
95
1
38
517
175
65
103
9
164
1048
98
528
154
213
103
20
38
514
152
57
109
14
182
1042
95
507
150
196
102
20
38
531
161
58
111
15
185
1038
87
551
159
227
105
21
39
564
183
60
114
17
191
1116
88
343
191
28
153
10
1499
1240
259
342
160
25
129
6
1526
1255
270
356
161
29
126
7
1551
1284
266
351
185
39
138
9
1478
1197
282
387
212
52
156
4
1290
981
309
381
156
51
104
1
1544
1335
210
439
156
32
122
1
1556
1222
334
641
801
66
83
501
672
47
63
541
541
49
49
658
658
63
63
1145
1145
107
107
481
481
45
45
472
472
43
43
1582
1582
132
132
1378
1378
109
109
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
59
107
0
23
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
529
267
171
23
without coupled direct payments
€/t
5
11
0
2
with coupled direct payments
€/t
48
28
16
2
121
121
12
12
546
546
51
51
-56
-56
-5
-5
-123
-123
-11
-11
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-1592 -1393 -1526 -1528 -1357
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-1121 -1232 -1355 -1528 -1357
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-145
-143
-144
-137
-130
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-102
-127
-128
-137
-130
-744
-744
-70
-70
-1601
-1601
-150
-150
-1679
-1679
-153
-153
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
395
Total external factors
€/ha
172
- Wages paid
€/ha
47
- Rent paid
€/ha
116
- Interest paid
€/ha
8
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
1651
- Family labour costs
€/ha
1366
- Own capital cost
€/ha
285
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
626
1096
57
100
75
EU cereal farms report 2012
Poland
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 64% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
84
72
57
64
58
62
Farms represented
number
2611
2401
1994
1978
1215
1633
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
83,7
52,5
72,3
69,6
70,5
54,5
Total labour input
AWU
1,7
1,4
1,9
1,6
1,7
1,4
Grain maize area
ha
53,2
32,8
42,0
34,5
43,0
28,9
28,9
28,9
in which irrigated area
ha
0,7
Grain maize production
t
375
230
215
270
307
217
223
278
Grain maize yield
t / ha
7,0
7,0
5,1
7,8
7,1
7,5
7,7
9,6
Grain maize price
€/t
87
91
132
186
123
108
164
148
Grain maize output
'000 €
32,6
20,8
28,5
50,2
37,8
23,5
36,6
41,1
Common wheat
ha
14,0
9,8
12,3
10,5
10,6
10,5
Durum wheat
ha
0,3
Barley
ha
1,6
3,6
3,1
7,4
3,6
1,9
Oats
ha
0,4
0,4
1,0
0,6
1,2
1,2
Rye
ha
3,1
0,4
0,8
1,9
1,8
0,9
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,2
0,4
0,2
0,2
0,8
2,2
Oth.cereals
ha
1,7
1,4
1,7
1,8
1,0
2,5
Total output
'000 €
50,6
32,6
48,2
78,9
58,2
35,2
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
614
1
636
2
679
0
1457
1
880
1
813
1
1266
1
1420
1
65
679
96
638
91
679
132
1458
186
881
123
814
108
1267
165
1421
148
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
229
69
112
46
0
2
145
40
25
23
35
23
375
53
305
83
163
57
278
70
150
56
355
97
178
78
381
105
199
73
366
90
204
71
341
89
180
71
391
110
208
71
2
175
63
24
17
42
29
480
68
2
194
80
34
24
28
28
472
92
2
268
84
40
36
65
42
622
79
3
271
82
35
34
76
44
652
91
1
220
71
40
26
46
37
586
78
1
230
76
40
27
49
38
571
74
1
247
84
42
28
54
40
638
66
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
84
34
13
12
9
106
42
65
110
51
15
18
19
131
75
57
100
80
44
21
16
145
66
79
137
81
28
35
17
201
100
101
164
63
18
23
22
199
119
79
179
56
15
22
19
223
136
87
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
305
305
43
43
158
158
22
22
207
207
40
40
836
836
107
107
228
228
32
32
228
228
30
30
696
696
90
90
783
783
81
81
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
187
-4
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
187
-4
without coupled direct payments
€/t
27
-1
with coupled direct payments
€/t
27
-1
27
27
5
5
618
618
79
79
2
2
0
0
-6
-6
-1
-1
-118
-118
-23
-23
417
417
53
53
-197
-197
-28
-28
-229
-229
-31
-31
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
81
-136
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
81
-136
without coupled direct payments
€/t
11
-19
with coupled direct payments
€/t
11
-19
76
EU cereal farms report 2012
Portugal
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 66% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
36
29
35
26
25
31
40
35
Farms represented
number
4580
2549
2017
2945
705
1685
2224
1832
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
10,1
20,8
12,7
8,3
21,5
15,2
15,1
15,8
Total labour input
AWU
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,4
1,3
1,3
1,2
Grain maize area
ha
6,0
6,7
7,4
4,8
11,7
9,0
9,2
7,6
7,6
7,6
in which irrigated area
ha
Grain maize production
t
52
57
54
31
95
93
73
73
63
77
Grain maize yield
t / ha
8,7
8,5
7,3
6,5
8,2
10,3
8,0
9,6
8,3
10,1
Grain maize price
€/t
154
164
165
178
182
204
236
154
231
232
Grain maize output
'000 €
7,9
9,4
8,9
5,6
17,4
18,9
17,3
11,2
14,6
17,8
Common wheat
ha
0,0
0,0
0,1
1,8
0,3
0,5
0,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,3
4,6
0,7
0,1
0,1
0,0
Barley
ha
0,2
0,2
0,0
0,1
Oats
ha
0,0
0,3
0,4
0,1
0,0
Rye
ha
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,0
0,1
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,0
Total output
'000 €
12,6
15,9
12,2
8,8
29,2
27,4
24,5
15,0
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
1329
3
3
48
1384
160
1403
37
14
1207
4
3
1153
1491
3
2092
1883
0
1474
3
1916
3
2343
3
1454
170
1214
166
1153
178
1494
183
2092
204
1884
236
1477
154
1920
231
2346
233
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
479
536
including:
Seeds €/ha
147
198
Fertilizers €/ha
177
191
Crop protection €/ha
101
83
Water €/ha
1
0
Other specific costs €/ha
53
64
Non-specific costs
€/ha
470
464
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
93
90
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
67
47
Contract work €/ha
150
149
Energy €/ha
50
55
Other direct costs €/ha
110
123
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
949
1000
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
110
117
521
160
222
94
1
43
471
108
61
194
49
59
992
136
467
195
169
66
0
37
360
98
53
75
57
77
827
128
378
154
121
74
2
27
389
127
41
97
57
68
768
94
538
193
202
86
2
57
499
151
89
115
67
77
1038
101
659
213
309
80
3
54
536
242
87
81
65
61
1195
150
663
226
262
125
4
46
439
166
77
96
43
58
1101
115
620
221
227
121
4
46
471
190
76
97
49
59
1091
131
686
232
274
127
5
48
514
219
77
101
56
61
1199
119
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
256
Total external factors
€/ha
141
- Wages paid
€/ha
50
- Rent paid
€/ha
41
- Interest paid
€/ha
49
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
923
- Family labour costs
€/ha
818
- Own capital cost
€/ha
104
228
141
79
42
20
820
629
192
315
321
21
63
237
870
922
-53
643
58
30
13
14
1005
853
152
206
84
2
81
1
666
470
196
213
218
84
130
4
691
576
114
353
137
41
95
1
802
682
120
268
70
33
37
0
1190
833
357
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
440
454
52
53
219
222
30
30
326
326
50
50
726
726
89
89
1055
1055
103
103
688
688
86
86
376
376
39
39
829
829
100
100
1147
1147
114
114
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
34
72
-417
-375
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
37
86
-414
-375
without coupled direct payments
€/t
4
8
-57
-58
with coupled direct payments
€/t
4
10
-57
-58
435
435
53
53
624
624
61
61
198
198
25
25
39
39
4
4
-231
-231
-28
-28
-67
-67
-7
-7
-604
-604
-76
-76
-1151
-1151
-120
-120
432
435
50
50
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-888
-749 -1287 -1380
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-885
-735 -1284 -1380
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-103
-88
-176
-214
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-102
-86
-176
-214
77
EU cereal farms report 2012
Romania
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 60% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
42
71
151
Farms represented
number
48629
48048
51593
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
13,8
18,0
18,9
Total labour input
AWU
1,7
1,2
1,4
Grain maize area
ha
8,1
9,0
9,4
9,4
9,4
in which irrigated area
ha
0,2
0,8
0,4
Grain maize production
t
28
47
44
50
56
Grain maize yield
t / ha
3,5
5,1
4,6
5,3
5,9
Grain maize price
€/t
199
152
128
163
184
Grain maize output
'000 €
5,7
7,1
5,6
8,2
10,3
Common wheat
ha
2,6
4,7
5,3
Durum wheat
ha
0,1
0,1
Barley
ha
0,2
0,8
0,7
Oats
ha
0,1
0,3
0,3
Rye
ha
0,0
0,0
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
0,0
0,0
Total output
'000 €
8,9
12,0
9,5
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
694
782
1
590
5
865
5
1086
5
694
199
783
152
595
129
870
164
1091
184
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
211
78
64
49
0
19
181
55
36
41
25
23
392
113
219
83
73
51
0
12
215
71
50
48
21
24
434
84
189
77
70
32
0
9
170
43
38
52
20
17
358
78
206
103
59
35
0
9
186
51
39
55
23
18
393
74
221
101
75
35
1
10
207
59
43
58
27
19
428
72
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
124
186
134
46
5
294
229
66
88
106
51
51
5
257
213
45
82
91
47
40
3
307
209
98
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
303
303
87
87
349
349
68
68
237
237
51
51
477
477
90
90
663
663
112
112
-7
-7
-2
-2
155
155
30
30
63
63
14
14
-301
-301
-87
-87
-103
-103
-20
-20
-244
-244
-53
-53
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
78
EU cereal farms report 2012
Slovakia
farms specialised in the production of grain maize: 40 % or more of output from grain maize production (avg. 52% in the period)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Representativeness of the sample:
Sample farms
number
18
28
30
15
19
Farms represented
number
149
220
250
158
173
Structural information (average per farm):
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
ha
98,0 154,1 232,6 225,5
225,5
Total labour input
AWU
1,6
3,2
4,2
4,3
4,1
Grain maize area
ha
47,0
80,6 114,2
97,6
85,2
85,2
85,2
in which irrigated area
ha
23,2
20,1
14,6
2,8
Grain maize production
t
347
719
789
542
691
504
631
Grain maize yield
t / ha
7,4
8,9
6,9
5,6
8,1
5,9
7,4
Grain maize price
€/t
85
83
101
257
115
182
160
Grain maize output
'000 €
29,6
59,6
79,4 139,3
79,5
91,9 100,8
Common wheat
ha
14,5
30,8
45,3
53,1
56,3
Durum wheat
ha
3,1
3,4
1,8
4,0
9,6
Barley
ha
16,4
14,4
33,5
36,6
26,9
Oats
ha
0,1
0,8
1,4
0,8
Rye
ha
1,0
0,3
Summer cer_mix.
ha
0,1
Oth.cereals
ha
0,2
0,1
0,2
1,1
Total output
'000 €
55,9 116,2 157,7 241,8
170,6
Receipts from grain maize (average per farm):
grain
€/ha
by-products (straw)
€/ha
coupled direct payments
€/ha
other crop-specific subsidies (incl. top-ups)
€/ha
Receipts per hectare
€/ha
Receipts per tonne of grain
€/t
629
6
740
695
1428
933
5
1078
5
1183
5
634
86
740
83
695
101
1428
257
938
116
1083
183
1188
160
229
73
76
60
5
16
305
74
40
73
6
111
534
72
247
90
79
67
10
307
79
49
84
9
86
554
62
300
99
117
76
1
7
401
91
59
76
16
160
701
101
497
142
139
145
1
69
335
94
63
57
24
96
832
150
504
203
126
134
0
40
417
132
46
80
21
139
921
113
468
201
102
125
0
40
436
147
45
81
23
140
904
153
504
217
123
123
0
42
480
176
47
84
28
145
985
133
53
69
9
55
5
64
64
0
109
82
28
41
13
58
52
6
128
136
53
61
22
41
49
-8
175
177
95
67
15
77
64
14
201
202
106
80
16
97
81
17
100
100
14
14
186
186
21
21
-6
-6
-1
-1
596
596
107
107
17
17
2
2
179
179
30
30
203
203
27
27
Net margin (before own factors) = gross margin – depreciation – external factors
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-22
-5
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-22
-5
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-3
-1
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-3
-1
-270
-270
-39
-39
244
244
44
44
-386
-386
-48
-48
Net economic margin (after own factors) = net margin – imputed own factors costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
-86
-63
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
-86
-63
without coupled direct payments
€/t
-12
-7
with coupled direct payments
€/t
-12
-7
-310
-310
-45
-45
167
167
30
30
-483
-483
-60
-60
Grain maize production operating costs (average per farm):
Specific costs
€/ha
including:
Seeds €/ha
Fertilizers €/ha
Crop protection €/ha
Water €/ha
Other specific costs €/ha
Non-specific costs
€/ha
including: motor fuels and lubricants €/ha
machines & buildings upkeep €/ha
Contract work €/ha
Energy €/ha
Other direct costs €/ha
Operating costs per hectare
€/ha
Operating costs per tonne of grain
€/t
Other farm costs, attributed to grain maize production:
Depreciation
€/ha
Total external factors
€/ha
- Wages paid
€/ha
- Rent paid
€/ha
- Interest paid
€/ha
Imputed unpaid family factors
€/ha
- Family labour costs
€/ha
- Own capital cost
€/ha
Gross margin: receipts over operating costs
without coupled direct payments
€/ha
with coupled direct payments
€/ha
without coupled direct payments
€/t
with coupled direct payments
€/t
79
EU cereal farms report 2012
European Union (EU-15 until 2003, EU-25 from 2004 to 2006, and EU-27 from 2007)
Sample farms
Farms represented
number
number
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
3298
202120
3104
207533
4465
265085
3883
238036
4257
275654
6899
437159
6076
413155
5039
346457
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
28,3
0,9
0,8
54,2
27,8
1,0
28,0
0,9
0,9
53,1
26,3
1,4
23,9
0,9
0,8
52,0
25,3
1,2
22,4
0,9
0,8
49,2
24,3
0,8
24,2
1,0
0,9
53,3
27,4
1,2
22,6
1,1
0,9
53,1
28,1
2,0
20,5
1,1
0,9
51,3
27,6
1,4
18,3
1,1
0,9
47,5
24,6
1,0
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
29,5
28,2
0,4
1,0
30,1
28,8
0,4
0,9
28,2
26,9
0,4
0,9
24,1
22,8
0,3
1,0
31,0
29,6
0,4
1,0
45,1
42,9
0,7
1,4
38,7
36,9
0,6
1,2
26,1
25,0
0,3
0,8
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
16,3
16,3
0,0
15,6
15,7
-0,1
13,6
13,5
0,1
12,6
12,5
0,0
14,3
14,1
0,3
13,4
13,3
0,1
12,9
12,7
0,1
11,8
11,6
0,2
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
34,6
21,4
11,4
2,9
4,9
3,1
0,2
0,0
0,3
10,0
2,5
2,4
2,4
2,8
6,9
6,3
1,5
3,5
1,2
33,2
20,7
10,7
2,8
4,5
2,9
0,2
0,1
0,3
10,1
2,5
2,4
2,3
2,9
6,5
6,0
1,3
3,6
1,1
30,7
20,0
10,4
2,6
4,4
2,8
0,2
0,1
0,3
9,6
2,3
2,6
2,3
2,5
5,8
4,8
1,2
2,7
0,9
30,1
19,7
10,0
2,5
4,4
2,7
0,1
0,1
0,3
9,7
2,1
3,0
2,2
2,4
5,6
4,8
1,1
2,7
1,0
32,9
21,4
10,8
2,6
4,8
2,9
0,2
0,1
0,3
10,6
2,3
3,3
2,4
2,6
6,1
5,4
1,3
3,2
0,9
36,5
24,0
12,4
3,0
5,1
3,2
0,3
0,2
0,5
11,6
2,8
3,6
2,7
2,6
6,4
6,1
1,8
3,3
1,0
37,2
25,3
13,4
3,3
6,2
3,1
0,3
0,1
0,5
11,9
2,5
4,1
2,8
2,4
6,0
5,9
1,6
3,3
0,9
31,8
21,2
11,6
2,8
5,6
2,5
0,2
0,1
0,4
9,6
2,0
3,0
2,5
2,1
5,7
4,8
1,4
2,6
0,8
Own capital cost
'000 €
4,8
4,5
4,6
3,7
4,0
3,9
2,8
4,1
'000 €
17,5
18,8
11,2
6,3
18,5
20,0
12,5
8,0
15,9
17,4
11,1
6,5
11,3
12,3
6,6
2,9
17,6
18,1
12,4
8,4
28,0
24,9
22,0
18,1
20,1
18,5
14,4
11,6
10,8
10,0
6,2
2,1
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
80
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU15
Sample farms
Farms represented
number
number
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
3298
202120
3104
207533
3117
215674
2695
195394
3052
225742
4569
294753
4010
251068
3178
208976
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
28,3
0,9
0,8
54,2
27,8
1,0
28,0
0,9
0,9
53,1
26,3
1,4
26,5
0,9
0,8
51,9
24,6
1,1
24,4
0,9
0,8
47,7
22,9
0,7
26,5
0,9
0,8
53,5
27,2
1,1
28,3
0,9
0,8
55,6
27,8
1,9
28,1
1,0
0,9
55,9
27,6
1,6
25,0
0,9
0,8
51,4
23,9
1,0
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
29,5
28,2
0,4
1,0
30,1
28,8
0,4
0,9
28,9
27,6
0,4
0,9
24,0
22,7
0,3
1,0
32,3
30,9
0,4
1,1
53,0
50,5
0,7
1,8
47,1
44,8
0,7
1,7
31,9
30,4
0,3
1,2
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
16,3
16,3
0,0
15,6
15,7
-0,1
15,1
15,1
0,0
13,5
13,5
0,0
15,3
15,2
0,1
16,2
16,2
0,0
16,5
16,5
-0,1
14,7
14,9
-0,1
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
34,6
21,4
11,4
2,9
4,9
3,1
0,2
0,0
0,3
10,0
2,5
2,4
2,4
2,8
6,9
6,3
1,5
3,5
1,2
33,2
20,7
10,7
2,8
4,5
2,9
0,2
0,1
0,3
10,1
2,5
2,4
2,3
2,9
6,5
6,0
1,3
3,6
1,1
32,4
20,9
10,7
2,7
4,5
3,0
0,2
0,1
0,3
10,2
2,5
2,5
2,4
2,8
6,2
5,3
1,2
3,1
1,0
30,7
19,8
9,9
2,5
4,4
2,6
0,1
0,0
0,3
9,9
2,2
2,8
2,2
2,7
5,8
5,1
1,0
3,1
1,0
34,3
22,1
11,0
2,6
4,9
3,0
0,2
0,1
0,3
11,1
2,4
3,1
2,6
2,9
6,4
5,9
1,3
3,6
0,9
41,6
27,3
13,7
3,3
5,8
3,7
0,3
0,1
0,5
13,7
3,3
3,7
3,3
3,4
7,4
6,9
1,7
4,0
1,2
45,1
30,5
16,0
3,7
7,5
3,8
0,4
0,1
0,5
14,5
3,2
4,6
3,4
3,4
7,7
6,8
1,5
4,1
1,2
39,4
26,3
14,1
3,3
7,1
3,1
0,2
0,0
0,4
12,2
2,6
3,4
3,1
3,1
7,4
5,7
1,3
3,3
1,1
Own capital cost
'000 €
4,8
4,5
5,3
4,1
4,4
5,2
4,2
5,4
'000 €
17,5
18,8
11,2
6,3
18,5
20,0
12,5
8,0
16,9
19,3
11,6
6,3
11,9
13,8
6,8
2,8
19,0
21,1
13,3
8,9
34,5
37,8
27,6
22,4
25,4
26,5
18,5
14,4
13,1
15,1
7,3
1,9
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
81
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU10
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
1348
49411
1188
42642
1205
49912
2030
74738
1641
50283
1358
47140
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
12,2
1,1
0,9
52,7
28,5
1,5
13,0
1,2
0,9
55,8
30,4
1,1
13,7
1,3
1,0
52,7
28,3
1,4
14,3
1,3
1,1
54,1
29,5
3,1
15,4
1,4
1,1
60,7
33,3
1,8
12,6
1,2
1,0
52,4
27,8
1,3
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
24,9
23,8
0,6
0,6
24,4
23,3
0,4
0,6
25,3
24,0
0,6
0,7
39,4
37,2
1,2
1,1
42,0
40,1
0,8
1,1
23,2
22,1
0,4
0,7
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
7,1
6,8
0,4
8,3
8,1
0,2
9,8
9,1
0,8
10,1
9,8
0,3
13,8
12,7
1,1
12,8
10,8
2,0
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
23,0
16,3
9,2
2,1
4,0
2,2
0,2
0,3
0,3
7,1
1,3
3,0
1,8
1,0
4,1
2,6
0,9
1,0
0,7
27,1
19,2
10,5
2,4
4,7
2,8
0,2
0,2
0,3
8,7
1,6
3,9
2,2
1,1
4,6
3,3
1,4
1,2
0,7
26,5
18,5
9,9
2,4
4,4
2,4
0,2
0,3
0,3
8,6
1,7
4,0
1,8
1,2
4,6
3,4
1,5
1,2
0,7
32,8
23,0
13,3
2,9
5,6
3,0
0,5
0,9
0,3
9,7
2,2
4,3
1,8
1,4
5,9
3,9
1,8
1,4
0,7
42,1
30,0
16,9
3,6
8,0
4,0
0,5
0,4
0,4
13,1
2,8
5,6
2,7
2,0
6,8
5,3
2,5
1,8
1,1
29,1
20,2
11,8
2,4
5,9
2,7
0,3
0,2
0,3
8,4
1,7
3,7
1,8
1,3
5,2
3,7
1,6
1,4
0,8
Own capital cost
'000 €
1,7
1,9
2,1
1,7
0,9
2,9
'000 €
11,4
10,7
9,1
7,5
8,6
7,3
5,5
3,6
11,2
8,8
8,6
6,5
20,3
15,2
16,7
15,0
17,9
13,0
13,7
12,8
8,7
7,2
6,9
4,0
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
82
EU cereal farms report 2012
EU2
2002
2007
2008
2009
number
number
300
67669
425
111804
503
90342
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
6,8
1,8
0,8
41,2
27,6
1,0
6,0
1,3
0,8
36,9
25,0
0,7
5,8
1,5
1,0
36,0
24,6
0,8
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
16,5
16,0
0,3
0,2
18,4
17,9
0,4
0,1
14,4
14,0
0,3
0,1
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
4,9
4,7
0,2
4,4
4,3
0,1
4,4
4,3
0,2
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
18,1
10,6
6,0
2,1
2,0
1,0
0,1
0,1
0,7
4,7
0,9
2,2
1,1
0,5
2,5
5,0
2,5
2,2
0,3
17,3
11,4
6,1
2,2
2,3
1,1
0,1
0,2
0,3
5,3
0,9
2,5
1,5
0,5
1,9
3,9
1,6
2,1
0,2
15,6
10,1
5,7
2,0
2,2
0,9
0,1
0,2
0,4
4,4
0,8
1,9
1,3
0,4
2,1
3,5
1,5
1,7
0,2
Own capital cost
'000 €
0,7
0,5
1,5
'000 €
8,1
4,5
3,3
2,6
9,3
7,4
5,4
4,9
6,5
4,4
3,2
1,7
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
2004
2005
2006
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
83
EU cereal farms report 2012
Bulgaria
2002
2007
2008
2009
number
number
175
4368
180
4767
146
4550
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
35,3
3,7
0,6
205,5
195,6
1,1
33,8
3,6
0,7
196,6
183,3
1,3
26,5
3,5
0,8
151,0
142,6
1,5
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
70,5
68,1
0,5
1,9
94,5
91,7
0,4
2,4
53,2
51,9
0,5
0,8
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
14,7
14,2
0,5
24,0
23,4
0,6
25,1
22,9
2,3
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
64,8
38,6
21,2
7,1
8,6
4,0
0,3
0,1
1,1
17,3
3,2
10,5
2,5
1,2
6,1
20,2
7,0
11,6
1,6
89,1
50,5
27,0
8,9
12,1
5,2
0,4
0,1
0,3
23,5
3,3
14,0
3,8
2,4
9,2
29,4
9,1
18,4
1,8
71,2
39,9
22,1
6,2
10,5
4,5
0,5
0,1
0,2
17,8
2,8
10,1
2,4
2,4
9,6
21,7
7,9
11,6
2,2
Own capital cost
'000 €
-2,2
-5,4
2,1
'000 €
40,0
10,9
20,3
22,5
58,2
16,1
29,4
34,8
26,5
7,7
7,1
5,1
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
2004
2005
2006
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
84
EU cereal farms report 2012
Cyprus
2002
2004
2005
number
number
25
684
19
1366
16
593
16
806
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
15,3
1,1
1,0
40,8
35,4
4,9
0,5
0,5
18,0
14,8
0,0
8,6
0,8
0,8
28,9
25,9
10,8
0,6
0,6
31,3
28,2
0,1
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
13,2
13,1
4,4
4,4
0,1
8,6
8,6
15,0
14,9
0,0
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
7,4
7,4
5,4
5,4
5,9
5,9
10,1
9,3
0,8
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
26,0
11,1
6,8
2,3
3,5
1,0
9,5
4,8
1,8
0,7
0,9
0,3
0,0
16,8
9,0
5,8
1,7
2,5
1,6
20,1
12,9
9,7
3,8
5,3
0,5
0,1
0,0
4,3
2,3
1,0
0,9
0,1
7,0
7,9
0,6
6,6
0,7
0,0
3,0
0,7
1,2
0,9
0,1
3,3
1,4
0,0
1,3
0,0
3,3
1,5
0,9
0,8
0,0
3,3
4,5
0,2
4,2
0,1
0,0
3,2
1,1
1,3
0,6
0,2
1,9
5,2
0,1
5,0
0,1
Own capital cost
'000 €
1,5
1,0
0,8
1,2
'000 €
2,5
2,4
-5,4
-6,9
1,8
3,6
0,4
-0,7
2,2
2,7
-2,4
-3,2
9,4
15,8
5,1
3,9
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
2006
2007
2008
2009
0,1
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
85
EU cereal farms report 2012
Czech Republic
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
82
1067
69
883
99
1350
201
2603
152
1736
64
625
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
40,1
2,1
1,3
142,1
112,8
5,0
40,3
1,8
1,4
146,2
112,1
3,1
36,5
2,1
1,6
110,7
81,9
2,2
42,5
2,1
1,4
127,5
100,8
5,3
56,2
2,5
1,4
168,5
140,3
4,2
65,4
2,7
1,4
200,4
170,8
2,8
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
73,3
69,6
2,2
1,5
64,5
61,7
1,4
1,3
67,8
65,3
1,2
1,3
110,9
106,2
2,6
2,1
146,3
140,4
2,4
3,5
119,0
113,5
1,7
3,8
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
15,3
15,3
23,1
23,0
0,2
21,1
20,8
0,3
24,1
24,0
0,2
39,0
38,5
0,6
49,0
45,7
3,3
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
70,2
51,1
28,3
6,5
9,7
9,4
1,3
1,1
0,3
22,8
5,8
8,7
3,9
4,4
8,1
11,0
6,0
4,3
0,7
73,9
54,2
26,4
6,5
8,9
9,4
0,7
0,5
0,5
27,7
7,6
9,8
7,1
3,3
10,8
8,9
2,8
5,2
0,9
73,2
53,3
26,1
5,8
8,9
8,9
0,6
0,4
1,5
27,2
10,2
9,2
4,7
3,1
10,9
9,0
4,7
4,0
0,3
105,2
74,1
37,6
8,4
13,3
13,0
1,2
1,1
0,6
36,5
13,5
12,4
5,4
5,3
17,7
13,4
7,1
5,5
0,8
159,4
111,8
56,3
12,2
20,8
20,2
1,5
1,0
0,6
55,5
18,4
19,3
9,5
8,3
24,2
23,3
12,9
8,7
1,7
160,1
113,1
58,8
13,2
22,3
21,1
0,8
0,6
0,9
54,3
13,7
19,7
11,6
9,3
20,4
26,6
13,9
10,8
1,9
Own capital cost
'000 €
3,5
4,5
4,7
3,7
-3,4
9,1
'000 €
29,4
13,8
18,5
14,9
22,4
12,5
13,6
9,1
24,4
11,8
15,7
11,0
43,1
20,4
29,9
26,2
48,7
19,6
25,9
29,4
31,2
11,8
7,9
-1,2
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
86
EU cereal farms report 2012
Denmark
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
124
5593
125
5975
117
5866
111
5756
109
4620
157
5629
90
3895
92
3548
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
27,1
0,5
0,5
39,3
7,3
1,9
23,5
0,5
0,5
34,0
6,1
1,6
25,1
0,5
0,5
37,0
9,0
2,5
25,6
0,5
0,4
37,5
6,5
1,5
29,8
0,5
0,5
44,9
10,8
0,8
32,7
0,5
0,5
47,9
11,4
1,8
28,8
0,5
0,5
42,2
10,0
1,5
30,0
0,5
0,5
43,7
9,7
1,3
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
24,4
21,2
0,4
2,7
24,9
22,0
0,4
2,5
22,6
20,3
0,6
1,6
23,3
20,4
0,5
2,5
31,7
28,4
0,2
3,1
53,3
47,9
0,7
4,7
45,0
39,3
0,5
5,1
34,0
30,6
-0,3
3,7
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
10,8
10,7
0,0
9,2
9,1
0,1
10,6
10,6
0,0
9,6
9,6
0,1
12,2
12,2
0,0
12,9
12,9
0,0
11,8
11,8
12,1
12,1
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
44,7
24,2
10,4
2,3
3,8
2,6
0,5
0,1
1,1
13,7
5,2
1,4
2,9
4,2
6,0
14,6
1,0
2,3
11,3
38,6
20,9
8,8
1,8
2,9
2,3
0,5
0,2
1,0
12,1
4,6
1,4
2,1
4,0
5,7
12,1
0,6
2,1
9,4
41,4
22,7
9,4
2,2
2,9
2,4
0,6
0,2
1,1
13,3
5,1
1,5
2,5
4,3
6,1
12,6
0,7
3,4
8,5
43,4
23,8
9,4
2,1
3,4
2,4
0,3
0,1
1,1
14,4
5,3
2,0
2,5
4,5
6,5
13,1
1,1
2,3
9,7
50,6
26,3
10,4
2,1
3,5
2,6
0,4
0,1
1,7
15,9
5,8
2,3
3,1
4,8
7,1
17,2
1,3
4,1
11,8
64,6
33,6
14,8
2,6
4,9
3,2
1,0
0,6
2,5
18,8
6,7
2,7
3,8
5,5
8,3
22,8
1,7
4,9
16,1
67,9
34,5
16,2
3,2
5,1
3,5
1,0
0,3
3,1
18,3
7,2
2,8
3,0
5,3
7,6
25,8
1,0
4,7
20,1
74,5
37,9
17,8
3,1
6,8
3,5
0,7
0,1
3,5
20,2
7,8
2,4
3,8
6,2
9,0
27,5
1,2
4,3
21,9
Own capital cost
'000 €
9,1
9,0
13,1
10,4
12,1
5,9
-2,3
-0,1
'000 €
5,0
9,9
-9,6
-18,7
7,4
15,9
-4,6
-13,6
4,4
9,1
-8,2
-21,3
2,7
5,6
-10,4
-20,9
10,6
21,4
-6,6
-18,7
24,4
46,2
1,7
-4,3
14,7
31,2
-11,1
-8,8
-0,8
-1,6
-28,3
-28,2
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
87
EU cereal farms report 2012
Germany
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
83
2286
98
3189
83
2430
68
2047
92
2374
273
6409
276
6291
156
2966
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
72,1
1,5
1,3
116,1
85,7
7,4
60,4
1,3
1,2
96,6
65,4
9,6
56,9
1,5
1,3
112,5
81,3
7,5
96,9
1,7
1,2
164,4
112,6
2,7
60,0
1,4
1,2
124,2
87,7
3,8
91,3
1,8
1,3
169,5
121,7
7,1
77,3
1,6
1,2
147,3
106,0
6,4
51,8
1,4
1,2
104,1
73,7
5,2
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
64,8
59,4
1,4
4,0
59,2
53,3
2,1
3,8
63,5
57,7
1,7
4,1
124,9
108,1
0,7
16,0
92,9
87,0
1,1
4,8
210,5
195,6
2,4
12,5
163,4
155,0
1,3
7,1
77,3
72,4
1,1
3,7
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
39,6
41,8
-2,1
35,7
37,0
-1,3
41,4
42,4
-1,1
46,4
47,7
-1,3
41,1
41,6
-0,5
54,5
56,5
-2,0
48,4
49,6
-1,2
37,7
38,2
-0,5
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
100,7
61,4
27,1
5,5
9,7
8,8
1,0
0,8
1,4
34,3
8,8
9,6
4,6
11,3
17,7
21,6
3,1
14,1
4,5
84,5
51,4
24,3
4,5
8,7
8,0
1,0
0,9
1,1
27,1
7,4
6,9
4,1
8,8
15,8
17,3
2,4
11,8
3,0
93,6
56,6
23,9
4,4
9,3
7,7
0,7
0,3
1,6
32,7
7,9
9,4
5,3
10,1
18,3
18,6
3,2
11,6
3,8
158,7
97,3
49,2
8,4
18,8
18,5
0,2
0,4
2,8
48,1
11,4
16,2
7,7
12,9
22,9
38,5
9,2
23,0
6,4
113,6
73,0
34,6
6,7
13,6
11,5
1,1
0,4
1,3
38,4
10,8
11,3
6,7
9,7
16,2
24,4
3,1
17,6
3,7
203,1
133,8
73,8
15,2
28,6
25,0
0,9
1,1
3,0
60,0
17,5
17,7
9,1
15,7
25,8
43,4
10,3
27,0
6,1
178,2
116,6
64,2
11,5
29,3
18,2
1,0
0,5
3,7
52,4
12,8
15,7
10,1
13,8
24,4
37,1
8,9
22,8
5,4
107,6
69,2
26,9
5,5
10,3
7,9
0,9
0,7
1,7
42,3
9,4
10,9
11,0
10,9
18,1
20,3
4,1
12,7
3,6
Own capital cost
'000 €
7,7
8,3
7,1
11,5
7,3
9,6
7,6
8,3
'000 €
27,4
18,6
3,7
-4,0
29,0
21,8
10,4
2,1
31,0
21,0
11,3
4,2
52,4
31,1
12,6
1,1
45,3
32,3
20,4
13,1
107,4
60,9
62,0
52,3
72,0
44,5
33,7
26,1
28,1
19,9
7,3
-0,9
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
88
EU cereal farms report 2012
Greece
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
202
23818
237
23362
258
29370
254
29349
285
41671
390
50093
430
48876
349
43124
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
7,8
0,6
0,6
12,8
8,3
0,1
8,3
0,7
0,7
13,5
8,7
0,1
9,0
0,6
0,6
13,1
8,0
0,2
9,2
0,6
0,6
13,6
8,9
0,0
9,5
0,6
0,6
16,2
10,9
0,0
9,5
0,6
0,6
15,4
10,2
0,1
9,2
0,8
0,7
15,5
10,6
0,1
8,3
0,7
0,6
15,6
10,8
0,1
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
7,5
7,3
0,0
0,1
8,5
8,3
0,0
0,1
8,9
8,7
0,1
0,1
8,0
7,8
0,0
0,2
9,8
9,7
0,0
0,1
16,7
16,5
0,0
0,1
14,1
13,3
0,0
0,9
10,9
10,8
0,1
0,0
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
5,1
5,1
0,0
5,6
5,6
0,0
5,9
5,8
0,1
6,1
6,1
0,0
8,2
8,2
0,1
8,4
8,4
0,0
9,9
9,8
0,1
8,9
8,9
0,0
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
10,1
5,7
3,3
1,0
1,5
0,6
0,0
11,1
6,5
3,7
1,1
1,7
0,7
0,0
10,8
6,4
3,8
1,1
1,7
0,7
0,1
17,2
10,9
6,1
1,7
3,0
1,0
0,0
15,9
9,8
5,4
1,5
2,8
0,8
0,0
0,2
2,8
0,4
1,0
1,1
0,3
2,6
2,0
0,1
1,7
0,2
0,2
2,6
0,3
1,0
1,0
0,3
2,6
1,8
0,1
1,6
0,0
13,1
7,8
4,3
1,2
2,0
0,8
0,0
0,0
0,2
3,5
0,5
1,3
1,3
0,4
3,1
2,3
0,2
2,1
0,0
14,9
8,9
4,8
1,4
2,2
0,9
0,0
0,2
2,4
0,3
0,8
1,1
0,3
2,7
1,7
0,1
1,5
0,1
11,2
6,7
3,8
1,1
1,8
0,7
0,0
0,0
0,2
2,9
0,4
1,0
1,2
0,3
2,6
1,9
0,1
1,8
0,0
0,3
4,1
0,4
1,6
1,6
0,4
3,5
2,5
0,1
2,4
0,0
0,3
4,8
0,5
2,1
1,7
0,5
3,5
2,8
0,2
2,5
0,1
0,2
4,4
0,5
1,9
1,7
0,3
3,7
2,5
0,2
2,3
0,0
Own capital cost
'000 €
1,3
1,3
1,7
1,2
1,5
1,9
1,6
2,3
'000 €
4,1
6,5
2,4
1,1
5,0
7,1
3,0
1,7
5,7
9,2
4,0
2,3
4,8
7,6
2,9
1,6
7,1
12,0
4,9
3,4
12,6
20,4
10,1
8,2
9,5
12,6
6,8
5,2
6,3
9,7
3,8
1,5
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
89
EU cereal farms report 2012
Spain
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
918
61700
856
63328
894
71919
751
62517
879
75761
1230
95948
1180
69735
985
58113
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
22,9
1,0
0,9
72,5
31,5
0,5
22,8
0,9
0,9
70,7
29,9
1,4
19,0
0,9
0,9
65,2
24,7
0,8
17,5
0,9
0,9
59,8
22,3
0,4
20,1
1,0
0,9
65,5
26,4
1,5
19,3
1,0
0,9
63,4
23,7
2,3
24,8
1,0
0,9
77,7
27,9
2,2
24,5
1,0
0,9
77,1
26,5
1,1
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
23,9
23,3
0,4
0,2
24,8
24,4
0,3
0,1
25,7
25,1
0,4
0,2
15,3
14,9
0,2
0,2
24,5
23,9
0,4
0,1
38,3
37,4
0,6
0,3
44,5
43,1
1,2
0,2
28,1
27,2
0,4
0,4
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
12,9
13,0
-0,1
12,2
12,4
-0,2
10,9
11,0
-0,1
9,7
9,8
-0,1
11,0
10,7
0,3
10,3
10,5
-0,1
13,5
13,7
-0,2
13,7
13,8
0,0
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
21,4
14,6
8,3
2,6
4,3
0,9
0,2
0,0
0,3
6,3
1,2
2,0
1,8
1,3
2,4
4,5
1,5
2,8
0,2
18,4
13,0
7,1
2,5
3,6
0,9
0,1
0,0
0,1
5,9
1,2
1,9
1,7
1,0
1,8
3,5
0,7
2,7
0,2
17,5
13,0
7,0
2,2
3,7
0,8
0,1
0,1
0,1
6,0
1,3
2,0
1,6
1,1
1,7
2,8
0,7
2,0
0,1
16,7
12,2
6,3
2,1
3,3
0,6
0,1
0,0
0,1
5,9
1,2
2,2
1,4
1,2
1,8
2,8
0,5
2,2
0,1
18,6
13,2
6,6
2,2
3,3
0,7
0,1
0,1
0,1
6,7
1,2
2,4
1,7
1,4
2,1
3,2
0,6
2,4
0,1
20,2
14,7
7,5
2,7
3,5
0,8
0,3
0,1
0,2
7,2
1,5
2,6
2,0
1,1
2,6
2,9
0,8
2,0
0,2
30,3
22,8
12,1
3,6
6,4
1,2
0,6
0,1
0,2
10,7
2,1
3,9
2,9
1,7
2,9
4,6
1,4
3,1
0,2
27,5
19,8
10,6
3,5
5,4
1,3
0,1
0,0
0,2
9,2
1,8
3,1
2,5
1,8
3,4
4,4
1,4
2,7
0,2
Own capital cost
'000 €
5,3
4,4
6,0
4,2
4,1
4,7
6,0
7,3
'000 €
20,0
19,9
15,4
10,1
22,4
23,8
18,7
14,3
22,0
23,6
19,0
13,0
11,2
12,4
8,3
4,1
19,8
20,7
16,9
12,8
31,6
32,6
28,5
23,8
32,5
32,8
27,7
21,6
18,7
19,7
14,2
7,0
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
90
EU cereal farms report 2012
Estonia
2002
Sample farms
Farms represented
2003
number
number
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
45
508
42
340
38
369
51
614
52
515
43
471
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
18,8
1,6
1,2
165,4
98,0
0,8
19,2
1,7
1,3
161,5
78,6
1,2
25,4
1,6
1,1
167,1
108,2
0,9
26,2
1,7
1,2
178,0
110,6
1,2
29,0
1,6
1,0
192,6
124,0
0,6
27,3
1,6
1,1
182,5
104,8
0,6
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
36,5
33,7
0,4
2,4
45,7
42,2
0,5
3,0
43,0
41,3
0,5
1,3
87,7
83,1
0,6
4,0
66,5
61,9
0,4
4,2
49,6
45,8
0,4
3,4
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
22,8
15,1
7,7
15,9
13,2
2,7
21,3
20,9
0,4
23,2
23,2
0,0
43,2
27,3
16,0
34,5
25,0
9,5
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
40,7
28,6
17,5
5,0
7,7
3,5
0,3
0,2
0,9
11,1
2,5
5,2
1,4
1,9
8,5
3,6
1,7
0,5
1,4
43,7
32,8
19,2
4,1
9,5
4,0
0,6
0,0
1,0
13,5
3,4
6,2
2,0
2,0
7,0
3,9
1,9
0,8
1,2
45,1
33,0
19,3
4,0
10,3
3,5
0,3
0,1
1,0
13,7
3,7
7,3
0,8
1,8
7,6
4,4
2,0
0,8
1,6
63,9
46,7
26,4
5,5
14,2
4,9
0,3
0,2
1,3
20,3
5,1
8,7
3,1
3,4
10,5
6,7
3,2
1,1
2,4
85,9
58,5
34,3
7,3
18,7
6,2
0,2
0,1
1,7
24,2
6,1
12,1
2,2
3,8
17,0
10,4
4,7
1,4
4,3
73,5
49,4
28,7
6,7
15,1
5,6
0,3
Own capital cost
'000 €
0,5
0,6
-0,2
-2,3
-6,9
10,1
'000 €
14,5
8,8
18,5
18,1
19,1
11,2
17,9
17,3
23,3
14,9
19,3
19,5
53,6
30,9
47,0
49,2
18,3
11,3
23,9
30,7
10,0
6,2
10,7
0,6
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
91
0,9
20,7
4,8
9,6
2,4
3,9
15,2
8,9
4,4
1,4
3,1
EU cereal farms report 2012
France
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
532
27526
457
26734
461
26015
412
24154
501
30192
683
37776
563
31429
430
25393
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
69,0
1,4
1,2
98,5
81,0
1,9
65,8
1,3
1,2
93,4
76,5
2,0
67,0
1,3
1,2
96,1
79,5
2,3
63,5
1,3
1,2
92,0
75,3
2,3
68,0
1,3
1,2
99,2
81,6
2,2
69,0
1,3
1,2
97,7
82,9
3,1
65,4
1,3
1,2
94,1
78,3
3,2
60,0
1,2
1,1
84,5
67,0
2,2
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
75,1
71,3
0,6
3,3
73,0
68,7
0,7
3,6
72,1
67,7
0,6
3,8
67,6
63,1
1,0
3,4
81,5
76,8
0,8
4,0
118,9
112,2
1,4
5,3
107,5
100,7
1,5
5,3
80,4
74,9
0,7
4,7
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
36,9
36,8
0,2
35,4
35,2
0,2
36,4
36,2
0,2
33,9
33,7
0,2
35,2
35,0
0,2
34,3
34,1
0,2
32,9
32,7
0,2
29,3
29,0
0,3
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
91,8
57,1
31,2
6,8
12,6
11,4
0,2
0,1
0,1
25,9
6,7
4,6
5,2
9,4
18,7
16,0
2,9
9,8
3,2
87,1
54,1
28,8
6,9
11,7
9,8
0,2
0,1
0,1
25,2
6,4
4,7
4,8
9,4
18,1
15,0
2,7
9,3
2,9
90,6
56,8
30,0
6,8
11,9
10,9
0,2
0,1
0,1
26,9
6,6
4,9
5,8
9,6
18,9
14,9
2,6
9,5
2,8
87,6
56,1
29,6
6,2
12,6
10,3
0,3
0,0
0,1
26,5
6,1
5,9
5,3
9,2
17,2
14,3
2,7
9,1
2,6
92,8
59,5
31,1
6,0
13,7
11,1
0,3
0,0
0,1
28,4
6,3
6,3
6,0
9,7
18,4
14,9
2,6
9,8
2,6
98,5
64,3
33,2
6,1
14,4
12,0
0,3
0,2
0,1
31,2
7,7
6,3
6,8
10,4
18,5
15,7
2,7
10,3
2,7
107,9
72,7
39,1
7,2
18,4
12,7
0,4
0,2
0,2
33,6
7,7
7,6
7,4
11,0
19,9
15,3
2,1
10,0
3,1
103,3
70,4
40,4
7,6
21,2
11,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
30,0
7,1
5,8
7,1
10,1
19,0
13,9
2,5
8,6
2,8
Own capital cost
'000 €
2,1
1,4
1,2
1,0
1,8
2,8
0,6
3,6
'000 €
36,1
26,6
20,3
18,2
36,0
26,8
21,3
19,9
32,7
25,4
18,0
16,8
28,0
21,4
13,8
12,8
38,7
30,3
23,9
22,0
70,2
54,5
54,7
52,0
47,6
38,2
32,5
31,9
19,9
16,3
6,3
2,7
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
92
EU cereal farms report 2012
Hungary
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
426
17227
367
15264
345
13862
447
18216
320
10992
284
12596
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
12,8
0,7
0,4
51,2
28,5
1,2
13,2
0,8
0,5
51,3
26,4
1,0
18,4
1,1
0,7
62,7
35,7
1,4
15,5
0,9
0,5
53,8
30,3
2,0
17,5
1,0
0,6
62,7
32,9
1,7
14,5
0,7
0,5
52,3
27,0
1,1
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
27,9
26,3
0,5
1,1
25,8
24,3
0,5
1,0
35,5
33,3
0,7
1,5
40,2
37,3
0,9
2,1
51,9
49,3
0,7
2,0
27,3
25,7
0,4
1,1
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
8,0
7,7
0,3
10,1
9,7
0,4
11,4
11,3
0,2
11,1
10,7
0,4
13,8
13,5
0,3
11,3
10,2
1,1
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
28,3
19,6
9,3
2,6
3,2
2,4
0,3
0,2
0,5
10,3
1,3
3,8
3,5
1,7
4,6
4,1
1,4
1,3
1,3
29,4
20,5
9,4
2,9
3,2
2,5
0,2
0,1
0,4
11,1
1,3
4,3
4,1
1,4
4,7
4,2
1,6
1,5
1,2
36,9
25,6
11,9
3,6
4,4
3,1
0,3
0,2
0,4
13,6
1,7
6,0
4,3
1,7
5,4
5,9
2,4
2,2
1,4
37,5
25,4
12,8
3,8
4,6
2,8
0,7
0,5
0,3
12,6
1,7
5,2
3,6
2,1
6,7
5,4
2,2
2,1
1,1
47,9
33,4
17,0
4,5
7,4
4,0
0,6
0,2
0,3
16,5
2,2
6,7
5,0
2,6
7,0
7,5
3,2
2,9
1,3
33,2
23,7
12,4
3,1
5,7
2,9
0,2
0,2
0,2
11,3
1,6
4,5
3,2
2,0
4,6
4,9
1,8
2,1
1,0
Own capital cost
'000 €
0,8
1,8
2,0
0,4
2,7
3,1
'000 €
11,3
16,9
7,6
6,8
10,3
13,1
6,5
4,7
15,7
14,9
10,0
8,0
18,8
21,9
13,8
13,4
25,0
25,9
17,9
15,1
9,2
12,5
5,4
2,3
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
93
EU cereal farms report 2012
Ireland
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
17
1328
18
1474
20
1246
41
2561
36
2463
24
1595
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
72,1
0,9
0,7
105,5
56,8
2,7
31,7
0,5
0,5
57,0
25,0
5,2
31,4
0,6
0,6
56,9
22,1
2,2
29,5
0,8
0,7
54,2
15,9
8,9
25,6
0,7
0,7
47,2
13,0
4,1
34,3
0,7
0,7
59,1
21,1
1,4
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
95,7
93,1
0,5
2,0
47,2
45,9
1,0
0,2
46,1
45,0
0,8
0,3
66,3
61,7
3,4
1,2
43,7
41,3
1,6
0,8
48,2
46,1
0,5
1,6
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
38,2
38,2
0,0
22,0
22,3
-0,3
25,0
25,1
0,0
24,2
24,6
-0,4
22,8
22,4
0,4
23,6
23,1
0,5
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
89,6
60,6
37,6
5,7
15,0
16,0
0,2
44,7
31,6
18,5
2,7
7,8
7,6
0,2
44,5
33,4
17,7
3,0
8,4
5,9
0,2
47,4
32,8
18,0
2,7
7,4
6,1
1,2
47,7
35,2
21,0
3,5
10,3
6,2
0,7
57,3
42,7
24,9
4,0
12,4
7,9
0,1
0,8
23,0
4,9
4,0
12,3
1,7
7,6
21,4
2,7
17,0
1,7
0,3
13,1
1,8
1,4
8,8
1,0
5,7
7,4
0,6
6,5
0,4
0,2
15,7
3,0
1,3
10,4
1,0
4,8
6,2
0,0
5,1
1,0
0,6
14,9
3,6
2,2
7,2
1,9
7,4
7,2
1,7
4,5
1,0
0,4
14,2
3,7
2,3
6,8
1,4
7,0
5,4
0,5
3,7
1,2
0,4
17,8
3,7
3,4
7,7
3,0
7,7
6,8
0,9
4,5
1,4
Own capital cost
'000 €
15,2
10,9
9,5
13,8
13,6
15,5
'000 €
65,7
75,7
44,2
29,0
32,1
62,1
24,4
13,5
32,9
54,1
26,7
17,2
50,7
63,6
43,1
29,4
23,8
33,4
18,9
5,3
20,9
29,4
14,6
-1,0
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
2005
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
94
EU cereal farms report 2012
Italy
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
1111
61411
947
63364
940
57848
823
54657
866
53863
1291
69245
1005
66148
826
57342
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
15,6
0,8
0,8
20,2
6,8
0,3
15,5
0,8
0,8
20,2
6,6
0,4
16,0
0,8
0,7
19,2
5,6
0,2
15,7
0,8
0,8
19,3
6,1
0,2
15,4
0,8
0,8
21,6
6,8
0,4
17,1
0,8
0,7
23,3
7,7
0,4
16,9
1,0
0,9
23,8
7,9
0,4
15,4
0,8
0,8
22,9
8,2
0,2
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
15,7
15,5
0,1
0,1
15,7
15,5
0,2
0,1
14,3
14,0
0,1
0,2
14,6
14,3
0,1
0,2
18,6
18,2
0,2
0,2
29,2
28,7
0,3
0,3
23,7
23,4
0,1
0,1
19,7
19,4
0,1
0,2
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
8,1
8,1
0,0
7,2
7,3
-0,2
6,7
6,7
0,0
6,5
6,4
0,1
7,5
7,5
0,0
7,7
7,7
0,0
7,2
7,3
0,0
7,0
7,1
0,0
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
15,7
9,1
4,6
1,8
1,9
0,8
0,0
0,0
0,1
4,5
0,9
1,5
1,2
0,9
4,7
1,9
0,6
1,1
0,1
16,4
9,7
4,9
1,8
2,0
0,9
0,1
0,0
0,1
4,9
0,8
1,5
1,3
1,2
4,3
2,3
0,6
1,6
0,1
14,8
9,2
4,6
1,7
1,9
0,9
0,1
0,0
0,1
4,6
0,7
1,5
1,4
0,9
4,0
1,6
0,4
1,1
0,1
14,9
9,2
4,4
1,6
1,8
0,8
0,1
0,0
0,1
4,8
0,7
1,8
1,3
0,9
4,1
1,7
0,5
1,2
0,0
17,8
10,8
5,2
1,7
2,1
1,0
0,1
0,0
0,1
5,7
0,8
2,2
1,5
1,2
4,7
2,3
0,7
1,5
0,1
21,4
13,4
6,4
2,1
2,7
1,2
0,2
0,1
0,1
7,0
1,0
2,6
1,9
1,4
5,2
2,9
1,1
1,7
0,1
22,7
14,7
7,7
2,4
3,5
1,3
0,1
0,0
0,4
7,0
1,0
3,0
1,8
1,2
5,8
2,2
0,9
1,3
0,0
21,4
13,3
6,8
2,1
3,0
1,3
0,1
0,0
0,3
6,5
0,8
2,5
1,8
1,4
6,1
2,1
0,7
1,3
0,1
Own capital cost
'000 €
3,7
3,6
3,8
3,6
4,6
4,9
3,6
4,9
'000 €
10,0
12,6
8,1
4,4
9,1
10,9
6,5
3,0
7,8
10,1
6,2
2,4
7,8
10,0
6,2
2,5
10,6
12,5
8,3
3,7
18,4
23,0
15,5
10,6
10,5
11,1
8,3
4,6
7,5
9,2
5,4
0,4
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
95
EU cereal farms report 2012
Lithuania
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
211
2778
163
2352
139
2802
275
5274
255
4338
155
3495
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
12,1
1,6
1,3
92,3
67,6
1,8
11,8
1,5
1,2
92,2
64,2
0,9
20,6
1,6
1,3
108,6
74,3
0,8
19,4
1,7
1,3
97,7
66,0
1,8
22,9
1,9
1,3
119,2
83,2
1,4
18,6
1,5
1,2
102,6
70,3
1,4
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
30,3
29,2
0,8
0,3
26,6
25,9
0,4
0,3
26,8
26,2
0,4
0,2
55,3
54,2
0,7
0,4
71,8
70,2
0,9
0,7
35,9
35,2
0,5
0,3
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
11,1
8,4
2,7
12,7
9,9
2,8
30,6
18,6
11,9
18,2
15,7
2,6
27,4
19,4
8,1
35,0
17,1
17,9
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
23,6
18,1
12,5
2,3
5,5
2,9
0,3
0,2
1,1
5,6
1,1
3,5
0,2
0,9
3,5
2,0
0,6
1,0
0,4
25,5
19,2
12,5
2,3
6,5
3,0
0,2
0,1
0,4
6,6
1,2
3,9
0,3
1,2
3,7
2,6
0,7
1,5
0,4
31,3
22,7
14,7
3,4
7,6
3,2
0,2
0,1
0,3
8,0
1,4
4,8
0,3
1,4
5,0
3,5
0,9
1,8
0,9
36,6
26,2
16,9
4,1
8,4
3,3
0,4
0,2
0,4
9,3
2,0
5,3
0,3
1,6
6,0
4,4
1,2
2,1
1,1
57,0
41,3
27,7
5,1
15,6
5,5
0,4
0,2
0,9
13,6
3,0
8,2
0,4
2,1
8,8
6,9
2,5
2,7
1,8
42,3
28,8
19,8
3,2
11,4
4,0
0,3
0,1
0,9
9,0
2,0
5,1
0,2
1,8
8,4
5,1
1,3
2,1
1,7
Own capital cost
'000 €
1,5
0,8
0,3
-0,7
-5,9
7,4
'000 €
17,1
11,1
17,8
16,3
13,6
9,0
13,9
13,1
17,7
10,8
26,1
25,8
38,8
22,4
37,0
37,7
41,0
22,1
42,2
48,1
15,8
10,3
28,7
21,2
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
96
EU cereal farms report 2012
Latvia
2002
Sample farms
Farms represented
2003
number
number
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
67
779
69
856
78
1036
131
1691
126
1509
122
1324
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
17,2
2,0
1,4
136,3
70,9
3,6
14,9
1,7
1,1
126,0
64,8
1,8
22,4
1,8
1,1
132,9
69,4
2,8
28,5
2,1
1,0
165,5
98,7
3,6
27,2
2,0
1,0
157,8
88,0
1,8
31,2
2,0
1,0
179,4
105,1
1,5
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
34,9
32,3
1,3
1,4
26,0
24,2
0,9
0,9
36,0
33,5
0,9
1,5
85,8
80,5
1,2
4,2
77,8
72,9
0,9
4,0
59,5
57,0
0,6
1,9
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
16,4
13,0
3,4
18,3
14,4
3,9
21,6
20,7
0,9
28,1
25,6
2,4
40,4
34,8
5,6
36,2
31,5
4,7
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
35,8
27,5
15,0
2,8
6,1
3,0
0,7
1,1
1,3
12,5
2,0
7,0
1,2
2,3
5,5
2,9
1,2
0,5
1,1
32,4
23,8
12,6
2,7
6,1
2,2
0,7
0,3
0,6
11,2
2,4
7,0
0,9
1,0
5,7
2,8
1,1
0,6
1,1
43,2
31,7
18,1
4,2
8,4
3,5
0,6
0,4
1,0
13,6
2,9
7,9
1,2
1,6
7,1
4,4
2,0
0,7
1,8
80,2
56,6
33,1
6,1
16,8
6,8
1,3
0,8
1,4
23,5
5,3
11,1
2,4
4,7
12,7
10,8
4,9
1,8
4,1
87,8
61,7
36,4
6,1
19,3
7,5
0,5
0,5
2,5
25,3
5,8
13,4
2,2
3,9
15,0
11,1
5,2
1,5
4,3
86,2
57,8
35,4
5,8
18,6
8,3
0,3
0,3
2,0
22,5
4,7
11,8
2,2
3,8
16,7
11,6
5,6
1,8
4,2
Own capital cost
'000 €
-0,9
-1,2
-1,9
-5,8
-10,0
6,0
'000 €
14,9
7,6
15,5
16,3
10,9
6,4
11,9
13,1
17,9
9,8
14,3
16,2
42,1
20,2
33,7
39,5
35,9
17,7
30,5
40,5
16,4
8,1
9,5
3,5
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
97
EU cereal farms report 2012
Austria
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
23
882
22
877
20
791
20
639
21
640
50
1717
42
1342
21
741
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
19,4
1,0
1,0
45,1
22,3
1,2
19,8
1,0
0,9
50,1
19,4
1,1
20,4
0,9
0,9
50,1
21,6
0,3
21,0
0,9
0,8
46,9
19,5
1,8
26,9
1,0
0,9
60,4
30,4
0,1
20,0
0,8
0,7
51,4
26,6
0,6
25,3
0,9
0,9
60,8
32,0
0,4
20,1
0,9
0,8
52,0
24,3
0,0
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
35,7
31,7
0,6
3,5
37,4
32,3
0,8
4,2
33,8
30,4
0,2
3,3
34,2
31,5
0,2
2,6
45,8
41,2
0,1
4,5
53,8
47,7
0,4
5,7
63,6
57,0
0,3
6,3
50,7
45,8
0,0
4,9
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
25,6
26,9
-1,4
30,6
31,0
-0,4
28,6
29,2
-0,6
25,5
27,3
-1,8
36,9
37,8
-0,9
28,9
29,8
-0,9
34,4
35,8
-1,4
32,1
33,0
-0,9
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
41,8
25,3
9,3
3,8
3,4
1,8
0,1
0,0
0,1
15,9
4,7
2,6
5,3
3,4
10,7
5,8
0,7
3,8
1,3
43,0
24,5
8,5
4,0
3,0
1,1
0,1
0,0
0,2
16,0
4,1
2,8
4,5
4,7
12,6
5,9
0,8
3,5
1,6
38,2
21,1
8,2
3,8
2,6
1,5
54,0
31,9
11,1
5,2
3,7
2,1
0,0
0,0
0,1
20,8
6,0
4,3
5,6
4,8
12,4
9,7
1,5
6,5
1,7
51,9
30,7
11,5
4,9
4,0
2,0
0,0
0,3
0,3
19,1
5,3
4,2
5,1
4,5
12,7
8,5
0,6
5,9
2,0
59,9
36,7
14,4
5,8
5,6
2,6
0,0
0,1
0,2
22,3
5,6
5,9
6,0
4,7
12,8
10,5
0,6
7,7
2,1
55,1
35,2
14,9
5,6
6,8
2,1
0,1
0,0
13,0
4,0
2,9
3,2
2,9
10,3
6,7
0,3
4,9
1,6
46,1
28,0
10,2
4,2
3,8
1,9
0,2
0,0
0,1
17,8
4,1
3,9
5,2
4,6
11,3
6,8
0,6
5,1
1,1
Own capital cost
'000 €
7,3
9,5
7,3
9,1
8,3
8,3
7,9
11,9
'000 €
26,7
26,3
19,5
12,2
31,2
31,3
24,9
15,5
31,5
35,8
24,2
17,0
22,2
25,9
13,7
4,6
39,4
39,7
28,8
20,5
40,2
51,4
30,8
22,5
49,9
54,8
38,0
30,1
36,4
41,8
27,6
15,8
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
98
0,0
0,3
20,3
5,3
3,4
6,4
5,3
12,1
7,8
0,9
5,6
1,3
EU cereal farms report 2012
Poland
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
430
25350
406
21051
455
29694
848
44875
681
30260
631
27338
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
9,9
1,2
1,1
40,0
16,3
1,3
11,7
1,4
1,1
47,4
23,0
1,1
8,8
1,3
1,1
34,2
13,4
1,4
10,3
1,4
1,2
36,6
14,2
3,0
10,1
1,3
1,2
37,0
13,9
1,8
8,3
1,3
1,2
33,1
12,3
1,2
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
19,6
19,0
0,5
0,1
21,6
20,8
0,4
0,3
16,9
16,1
0,6
0,2
28,7
27,1
1,2
0,4
24,9
23,7
0,7
0,5
14,7
14,0
0,4
0,3
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
4,8
4,9
-0,1
5,3
5,6
-0,4
5,8
5,8
0,0
6,5
6,7
-0,2
8,2
8,2
-0,1
8,0
7,9
0,1
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
15,9
11,5
7,4
1,5
4,0
1,6
0,1
0,3
0,0
4,0
1,0
1,9
0,8
0,4
3,3
1,1
0,3
0,4
0,3
23,4
16,6
10,4
1,9
5,4
2,7
0,1
0,2
0,1
6,1
1,5
3,2
0,8
0,7
4,3
2,5
1,3
0,7
0,5
16,7
11,5
7,0
1,3
3,5
1,6
0,1
0,4
0,1
4,6
1,1
2,4
0,6
0,5
3,6
1,5
0,8
0,4
0,3
21,8
15,7
9,9
1,8
4,4
2,1
0,3
1,1
0,2
5,9
1,5
2,9
0,9
0,6
4,2
1,9
0,9
0,6
0,4
26,6
19,4
11,2
2,2
5,5
2,5
0,4
0,4
0,2
8,1
1,7
3,5
1,8
1,1
4,7
2,6
1,2
0,8
0,6
17,7
12,3
7,5
1,3
4,0
1,7
0,2
0,2
0,1
4,8
1,1
2,1
1,0
0,5
3,8
1,6
0,7
0,5
0,3
Own capital cost
'000 €
2,3
2,2
2,5
2,7
2,2
1,8
'000 €
9,7
8,4
8,5
6,2
6,3
4,6
3,4
1,2
7,5
5,9
6,0
3,5
15,4
11,3
13,4
10,7
9,1
6,8
6,4
4,2
6,5
5,1
5,0
3,2
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
99
EU cereal farms report 2012
Portugal
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
29
1574
21
1026
31
1906
20
950
28
916
29
992
39
1707
39
1557
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
13,6
0,9
0,9
25,3
13,5
0,4
19,3
1,2
1,0
57,5
7,0
6,7
9,3
1,0
1,0
40,5
26,5
0,8
9,1
1,0
1,0
39,6
12,5
0,5
10,8
1,2
1,1
60,2
25,4
0,6
12,2
1,3
1,1
57,4
29,3
1,7
8,7
1,0
1,0
35,2
10,3
1,4
10,5
1,2
1,0
57,9
25,7
1,8
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
16,7
16,1
0,1
0,5
19,1
17,7
1,1
0,4
9,4
9,3
0,1
0,1
12,7
11,9
0,2
0,6
18,1
16,9
0,1
1,1
29,3
27,9
0,4
1,0
20,8
20,0
0,5
0,3
20,5
19,4
0,7
0,5
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
8,1
7,6
0,5
15,4
15,3
0,2
8,4
8,1
0,3
8,1
8,1
11,6
11,5
0,1
20,8
20,8
7,0
7,0
0,0
11,1
11,1
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
19,5
13,0
6,4
2,1
2,7
1,1
28,4
18,3
10,2
3,8
3,9
1,2
0,2
15,1
8,7
5,0
1,6
2,1
1,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
6,6
1,0
1,8
2,5
1,4
4,7
1,8
0,3
1,0
0,5
1,1
8,2
1,7
3,1
1,5
2,0
7,1
3,0
1,6
1,0
0,3
0,3
3,8
0,5
1,3
1,4
0,6
2,7
3,6
0,2
1,0
2,4
14,2
11,0
5,4
2,3
2,1
0,7
0,0
0,0
0,3
5,7
1,0
1,3
2,8
0,6
2,5
0,7
0,6
0,1
16,8
11,6
5,8
1,8
2,5
1,3
0,0
0,0
0,1
5,9
1,3
2,4
0,9
1,3
3,3
1,9
0,8
1,1
0,0
26,9
18,0
8,2
2,5
3,5
1,2
0,2
0,0
0,7
9,8
2,1
4,7
1,6
1,4
4,4
4,5
2,1
2,4
0,0
17,4
14,1
7,8
2,3
3,7
0,8
0,2
0,4
0,5
6,3
1,4
2,9
1,3
0,6
2,5
0,8
0,1
0,7
0,0
22,6
15,5
9,0
2,9
4,1
1,3
0,1
0,1
0,5
6,5
2,0
2,8
0,8
0,8
4,6
2,5
1,6
0,9
0,0
Own capital cost
'000 €
1,5
3,3
-0,8
6,5
3,3
2,4
1,5
4,6
'000 €
6,6
7,4
5,3
3,8
8,9
7,7
6,1
2,8
6,1
6,1
2,8
3,5
7,3
7,1
6,6
0,1
14,7
12,3
12,9
9,7
27,7
20,7
23,2
20,8
11,2
11,0
10,4
8,8
11,5
9,9
8,9
4,3
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
100
EU cereal farms report 2012
Romania
2002
2007
2008
2009
number
number
125
63300
245
107037
357
85791
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
4,8
1,7
0,9
29,9
16,0
1,0
4,7
1,2
0,8
29,8
17,9
0,7
4,7
1,4
1,0
29,9
18,4
0,8
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
12,8
12,4
0,3
0,1
15,0
14,6
0,4
0,0
12,3
12,0
0,3
0,0
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
4,2
4,1
0,1
3,5
3,4
0,1
3,3
3,3
0,0
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
14,8
8,7
4,9
1,8
1,5
0,8
0,1
0,1
0,7
3,8
0,7
1,6
1,0
0,4
2,2
3,9
2,1
1,6
0,2
14,1
9,7
5,2
1,9
1,9
0,9
0,1
0,2
0,3
4,5
0,8
2,0
1,4
0,4
1,6
2,8
1,2
1,4
0,1
12,7
8,5
4,9
1,7
1,8
0,7
0,1
0,2
0,4
3,6
0,6
1,5
1,2
0,3
1,7
2,5
1,2
1,2
0,1
Own capital cost
'000 €
0,9
0,8
1,5
'000 €
5,9
3,5
2,1
1,2
7,1
6,2
4,4
3,6
5,5
3,9
3,0
1,6
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
2003
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
2004
2005
2006
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
101
EU cereal farms report 2012
Finland
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
97
8142
98
8199
103
9014
99
7559
95
7059
144
10912
124
9248
104
7375
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
19,3
0,8
0,7
55,8
16,0
0,5
18,6
0,7
0,6
53,8
16,6
0,1
19,8
0,6
0,6
53,6
16,1
0,2
19,7
0,6
0,6
54,4
14,6
0,1
19,2
0,6
0,6
57,3
14,5
0,1
20,8
0,6
0,6
59,5
19,2
0,6
20,6
0,6
0,6
61,2
21,0
0,2
18,6
0,6
0,5
55,8
17,9
0,1
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
21,1
19,4
0,2
1,6
18,3
17,2
0,0
1,1
17,7
16,3
0,1
1,4
16,2
15,4
-0,1
0,8
21,4
20,1
0,0
1,2
40,4
37,9
0,2
2,3
30,3
27,7
0,1
2,4
19,5
17,8
0,0
1,7
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
32,6
32,6
30,9
30,9
0,0
31,5
31,3
0,2
32,1
31,8
0,2
29,7
29,5
0,1
35,4
35,2
0,3
36,1
35,9
0,1
33,2
33,1
0,1
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
41,8
24,5
8,9
2,2
4,6
1,7
0,1
0,0
0,3
15,6
5,2
3,3
1,4
5,7
12,3
5,0
0,6
2,7
1,7
41,2
23,1
8,2
1,9
4,4
1,7
0,0
43,0
24,6
9,0
2,1
4,5
2,0
0,0
42,6
25,1
8,8
1,7
4,8
2,0
0,0
0,3
14,8
5,0
3,2
1,3
5,3
12,9
5,3
0,9
2,7
1,6
0,4
15,6
4,8
3,9
1,4
5,4
13,6
4,9
0,7
2,5
1,6
0,3
16,3
5,1
4,3
1,5
5,4
12,5
4,9
0,3
2,6
2,1
44,5
26,5
9,4
1,9
5,2
1,9
0,0
0,0
0,3
17,0
5,2
4,7
1,5
5,7
12,9
5,1
0,6
2,6
2,0
52,4
30,8
10,8
2,5
5,4
2,1
0,1
0,3
0,5
20,0
6,5
5,1
2,2
6,3
15,2
6,3
0,7
3,3
2,3
59,1
35,7
12,2
3,4
6,0
2,3
0,0
0,1
0,5
23,5
7,5
6,9
2,4
6,6
16,1
7,3
1,0
3,7
2,5
54,2
34,6
14,0
2,5
8,7
2,3
0,0
0,0
0,4
20,6
6,1
5,2
2,9
6,3
13,6
6,0
0,8
3,2
2,1
Own capital cost
'000 €
7,7
7,4
8,3
7,3
8,7
8,1
5,8
7,2
'000 €
17,0
22,2
11,9
4,2
13,2
19,4
8,0
0,5
10,9
17,4
6,2
-2,1
10,4
17,1
5,7
-1,6
11,6
20,0
6,6
-2,1
29,5
46,2
23,4
15,3
14,4
23,2
7,2
1,4
4,5
8,0
-1,5
-8,7
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
102
EU cereal farms report 2012
Sweden
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
49
3202
51
3212
42
2383
33
1868
31
1657
74
3839
70
3404
38
1687
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
33,1
0,7
0,7
92,4
47,1
2,4
26,1
0,6
0,6
71,9
31,9
1,6
25,0
0,5
0,5
74,0
31,9
1,9
33,7
0,8
0,7
95,9
49,7
0,7
37,6
0,7
0,7
103,9
53,7
2,8
39,2
0,7
0,6
97,3
46,2
1,7
37,9
0,7
0,7
109,2
53,8
2,4
32,1
0,6
0,6
101,8
49,1
0,8
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
39,4
34,6
0,5
4,3
31,9
27,2
0,1
4,5
26,4
23,1
0,0
3,4
45,1
38,3
0,3
6,5
45,2
40,9
-0,2
4,4
95,1
85,2
0,7
9,2
83,5
73,4
0,7
9,4
38,4
33,9
0,3
4,2
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
24,9
24,9
19,6
19,6
20,4
20,4
23,5
23,5
24,9
24,9
24,6
24,6
25,8
25,8
23,3
23,3
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
70,8
39,9
20,4
3,7
11,4
3,6
0,2
0,1
1,4
19,4
5,1
7,3
4,5
2,5
16,6
14,4
1,2
8,4
4,8
50,5
29,6
14,1
3,2
6,9
2,8
0,3
0,2
0,7
15,5
4,5
5,2
3,3
2,6
12,1
8,8
0,0
5,5
3,2
47,3
28,6
12,5
2,9
6,1
1,9
0,5
0,2
1,0
16,1
4,6
5,0
3,4
3,1
12,1
6,6
0,5
3,2
2,9
64,2
40,0
18,0
4,2
9,8
2,9
0,5
83,8
55,7
27,3
5,5
12,4
5,3
0,9
0,3
3,0
28,4
8,3
9,0
5,6
5,5
12,9
15,2
1,9
8,7
4,7
85,4
60,6
29,3
6,2
14,2
4,5
1,7
0,3
2,4
31,3
8,6
12,0
5,5
5,3
9,9
14,8
1,5
8,2
5,1
70,5
49,7
26,2
4,7
16,1
3,6
0,4
0,7
21,9
5,5
9,2
3,3
4,0
14,2
10,0
0,2
6,9
2,9
70,5
45,4
22,5
4,4
11,2
3,8
0,3
0,7
2,2
22,9
5,9
8,6
5,2
3,2
14,6
10,6
0,2
6,9
3,4
Own capital cost
'000 €
8,6
6,1
8,8
7,7
7,1
8,5
5,0
6,3
'000 €
7,9
11,3
-6,5
-15,1
9,8
16,4
1,0
-5,1
6,1
11,4
-0,5
-9,3
14,5
19,3
4,5
-3,2
10,2
14,8
-0,4
-7,5
51,1
74,2
35,9
27,4
38,7
55,3
23,9
18,9
3,0
4,7
-8,8
-15,1
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
103
1,4
23,5
6,6
8,2
2,4
6,3
9,1
11,8
0,9
6,9
4,0
EU cereal farms report 2012
Slovakia
2002
Sample farms
Farms represented
2003
number
number
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
59
496
51
409
38
348
51
497
43
410
35
312
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
33,1
2,5
1,4
129,1
118,5
2,6
36,8
3,2
1,7
151,8
139,7
2,7
52,1
3,5
1,6
209,1
196,2
2,3
75,9
5,9
1,5
326,0
306,9
49,5
51,7
4,3
1,4
220,0
208,5
9,3
48,1
4,2
1,5
226,3
211,9
9,2
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
60,0
57,5
0,9
1,7
64,9
61,0
0,6
3,3
123,6
114,2
0,7
8,6
271,7
247,7
3,0
21,0
163,7
153,0
1,6
9,1
100,0
92,6
-1,7
9,1
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
13,4
12,6
0,8
19,5
19,5
30,1
22,9
7,2
54,0
49,6
4,4
33,8
32,3
1,5
46,4
44,1
2,3
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
57,0
43,2
22,3
7,1
6,5
6,1
0,5
0,5
1,7
20,8
3,1
7,3
4,3
6,2
5,2
8,6
3,5
4,8
0,2
80,9
62,0
30,3
9,1
8,7
7,4
0,2
0,4
4,5
31,7
5,0
9,3
9,4
8,0
6,8
12,1
5,3
6,0
0,8
162,3
113,7
49,3
14,8
19,7
12,0
0,5
0,7
1,6
64,4
12,2
16,6
11,2
24,3
23,5
25,1
9,7
12,0
3,4
258,1
164,7
104,2
25,1
29,5
24,9
11,3
4,6
8,8
60,5
11,8
24,3
12,8
11,6
43,3
50,1
34,3
12,2
3,7
184,7
127,4
72,5
17,7
29,4
15,3
3,2
1,9
4,9
55,0
9,7
19,3
10,8
15,2
21,1
36,2
22,9
11,2
2,1
171,0
104,1
55,7
14,8
19,3
13,2
4,2
0,5
3,7
48,4
6,2
16,1
11,9
14,3
25,9
41,1
25,6
13,4
2,1
Own capital cost
'000 €
-0,5
0,7
-1,6
7,5
0,8
3,6
'000 €
24,3
9,8
16,5
17,0
15,5
4,9
3,5
2,8
9,4
2,7
-8,5
-7,0
113,3
19,1
67,6
60,1
47,5
11,2
12,8
12,0
14,2
3,4
-24,6
-28,2
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
104
EU cereal farms report 2012
United Kingdom
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
number
number
113
4843
168
6824
145
6524
86
4307
122
5371
197
9185
151
6405
111
5304
Economic size
Total labour input
- Unpaid labour input
Total Utilised Agricult. Area
- Rented U.A.A.
Total livestock units
ESU
AWU
AWU
ha
ha
LU
117,9
1,5
0,9
162,2
43,1
8,3
106,3
1,4
0,9
149,4
46,0
7,7
124,2
1,5
0,9
176,5
50,6
8,5
92,9
1,2
0,8
146,1
34,7
4,8
116,8
1,6
0,9
189,1
59,6
6,5
101,3
1,3
0,9
167,6
41,2
11,2
102,1
1,3
0,9
161,1
48,1
7,7
92,8
1,2
0,8
157,5
44,4
8,5
Total output
Total output crops & products
Total output livest.&products
Other output
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
114,4
106,0
3,1
5,3
111,0
104,8
2,6
3,6
122,2
114,8
2,4
5,0
91,4
85,0
1,3
5,1
160,4
147,8
2,7
9,9
198,6
183,9
4,2
10,5
170,0
157,9
2,4
9,7
126,3
117,4
1,7
7,3
Subsidies and taxes
Balance current subsid.&taxes
Balance subs.&taxes on invest
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
57,3
57,3
51,0
50,8
0,2
59,8
59,7
0,2
44,5
44,3
0,3
62,5
62,4
0,0
53,3
52,3
1,1
47,8
47,8
0,0
49,3
49,3
0,0
Total Inputs
Total intermed. consumpt.
• Total specific costs
- Seeds and plants
- Fertilisers
- Crop protection
- Feed for grazing livestock
- Feed for pigs&poultry
- Other specific costs
• Total farming overheads
- Machin.&build. current costs
- Energy
- Contract work
- Other farming overheads
Depreciation
Total external factors
- Wages paid
- Rent paid
- Interest paid
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
'000 €
148,1
93,4
51,6
8,2
16,9
21,2
1,3
168,3
110,5
57,0
8,7
19,1
24,1
1,2
4,0
41,8
13,9
7,9
10,0
9,9
25,0
29,6
14,9
8,9
5,8
134,5
84,1
42,4
6,4
13,7
17,7
1,3
0,0
3,3
41,7
14,0
6,4
9,0
12,3
23,9
26,5
11,8
9,7
5,0
3,8
53,6
16,3
9,3
11,8
16,1
25,2
32,5
15,8
11,6
5,1
132,0
89,5
44,0
7,0
15,3
18,2
0,6
0,0
2,9
45,5
12,2
7,5
12,2
13,5
20,0
22,5
9,3
6,5
6,7
183,2
120,4
59,7
8,8
21,5
23,4
1,6
0,0
4,5
60,7
17,5
12,8
13,1
17,3
25,6
37,2
19,8
12,4
5,0
170,8
117,8
56,2
8,3
19,3
20,9
2,3
0,0
5,3
61,6
19,3
11,9
14,9
15,5
24,3
28,7
14,4
8,5
5,8
158,5
111,5
57,8
9,1
21,1
21,6
1,6
0,0
4,5
53,7
14,5
14,8
11,1
13,3
23,7
23,3
10,7
8,5
4,1
150,9
106,1
60,0
8,4
28,4
18,7
1,2
0,0
3,3
46,1
13,9
10,2
10,2
11,9
24,3
20,5
9,6
7,6
3,3
Own capital cost
'000 €
29,9
24,2
31,5
21,7
27,5
29,5
20,2
19,3
'000 €
53,2
36,2
23,7
-6,2
53,8
38,7
27,5
3,3
46,1
31,3
13,8
-17,7
26,2
22,1
3,9
-17,8
76,8
49,0
39,6
12,1
108,8
81,3
81,1
51,7
82,6
64,1
59,3
39,1
45,3
39,2
24,7
5,4
Sample farms
Farms represented
Income indicators
Farm Net Value Added (FNVA)
FNVA per AWU
Farm net income (FNI)
Remuneration of family labour
'000 €/AWU
'000 €
'000 €
Farm net value added (FNVA) = output + current (subsidies – taxes) – intermediate consumption – depreciation
Farm net income (FNI) = FNVA + investment (subsidies – taxes) – external factors
Remuneration of family labour = FNI – own capital cost
105
European Commission
EU cereal farms report 2012
based on FADN data
Disclaimer:
This publication does not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor
any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Contact:
European Commission
DG Agriculture & Rural Development,
Microeconomic analysis of EU agricultural holdings
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rica/index.cfm
The report provides an overview of costs of
production, margins and incomes in farms
specialised in the production of cereals in
the EU. The analysis is based on the latest
available FADN data (till 2009) and
estimates for 2010-2011.
European Commission
Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture