China
Name: _________________________
Multiple Choice, 5 points
1. Reform in China has focused on
a. the government.
b. the economy.
c. the government and the economy.
d. personal liberties.
e. there has been no reform in China.
2. The ancient Chinese philosophy that stresses respect for those above you in the hierarchy is
a. Animism.
b. Confucianism.
c. Maoism.
d. Buddhism
e. Taoism
3. Traditional Confucianism education was abandoned because it
a. was considered too religious.
b. undermined communist thought.
c. failed to provide the education needed to compete with the West.
d. there were not enough qualified teachers.
e. the emperors converted to Christianity.
4. Mao created a successful revolution by using a strategy based on
a. peasant farmers and using guerilla tactics.
b. city dwellers and advanced weaponry.
c. educated elites and nonviolence.
d. peasant farmers and conventional warfare.
e. city dwellers and targeted assassinations.
5. Mao’s defeat by the KMT in 1934 led to what event?
a. The Shanghai Massacre
b. The Long March
c. The Cultural Revolution
d. The Four Modernizations
e. The Great Leap Forward
6. The communist revolution in China differed from those in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe because China’s
a. was based on widespread popular revolution.
b. succeeded without the use of violence.
c. closely adhered to Marxist theory.
d. did not rely on a strong individual leader.
e. was based primarily in the cities.
7. Compared to the Soviet party, the CCP has always been more
a. centralized.
b. consensual.
c. honest.
d. factionalized.
e. internationalist.
8. Although individual leaders may hold great power in China,
a. they do so based on a popularly ratified constitution.
b. decisions still require the approval of the People’s Deputies.
c. their ability to influence policy is limited by the bureaucracy.
d. they are still subject to media criticism.
e. factions still play an important role in policy setting.
9. By the time of its defeat in 1949, the KMT was forced to flee Mainland China for what island?
a. Hong Kong
b. Oahu
c. Ireland
d. Taiwan
e. Okinawa
10. The reform attempt during the mid-1950s that supposedly would encourage intellectuals to voice their concerns was
the
a. Chinese Revolution.
b. Hundred Flowers Movement.
c. capitalist road.
d. Cultural Revolution.
e. Four Modernizations.
11. Which of Mao’s reforms was intended to cause China to make rapid progress in the transition to Socialism and
Communism?
a. The Hundred Flowers Campaign
b. The Great Leap Forward
c. The Cultural Revolution
d. The “red versus expert” debate
e. The Four Modernizations
12. The Four Modernizations were proposed
a. as ways to complete the social restructuring of the Cultural Revolution.
b. by Red Guard leaders to challenge bureaucratic leadership.
c. as replacements for Mao Zedong’s goals for the Cultural Revolution.
d. when the Soviet Union withdrew its aid to China.
e. to distract people from the infighting among party leaders.
13. Which of the following was NOT one of the Four Modernizations launched by Zhou in 1973?
a. Agriculture
b. Industry
c. Science
d. The military
e. The media
14. The original political values taught by the Chinese Communist Party included all the following EXCEPT
a. collectivism—loyalties to social and political groups should be the basis for political
action.
b. democracy—the people should directly determine the collective goals of society.
c. egalitarianism—everyone should be treated equally and be rewarded equally for collective
action.
d. self-reliance—China was big enough to take care of itself and individuals united in
collective action could do anything.
e. struggle—changing the status quo would require conflict and action by everyone.
15. The CCP typically relies on several techniques for speeding up cultural change, which include all of the following
EXCEPT
a. state domination of the media.
b. state domination of the education system.
c. shifting many child-rearing activities to the danwei (urban collective).
d. the use of mass campaigns.
e. state domination of the family unit.
16. The 1989 student occupation of Tiananmen Square was eventually known as the
a. Student Revolt.
b. Democracy Movement.
c. Worker’s Rebellion.
d. New Mao Revolution.
e. Great Leap Forward.
17. Most political participation in China is described by political scientists as “mobilized participation,” meaning that
a. the focus of participation changes from one province to another.
b. citizens are encouraged to organize around local issues.
c. the PLA and government bureaucrats are sent into the streets to promote government
policies.
d. virtually all political activity is organized by the party.
e. interest groups have to recruit supporters in order to gain influence.
18. Today, most political power in China is located in what institution?
a. The Central Committee
b. The National People’s Congress
c. The Comintern
d. The Politburo
e. The Central Advisory Council
19. Observers may question the competitiveness of elections held in the rural areas of China because only
a. one candidate is allowed to run.
b. only the CCP is allowed to nominate candidates.
c. party leaders are allowed to vote.
d. land owners are allowed to vote.
e. ballots are counted in Beijing.
20. Wei Jingsheng called for the following to be the Fifth Modernization.
a. Education
b. Privatization
c. Democracy
d. Liberty
e. Technology
21. When Wei Jingsheng proposed his Fifth Modernization, what happened to him?
a. He won the Nobel Peace Prize.
b. He was forced to emigrate to the United States.
c. He disappeared and was never heard from again.
d. He was given a position on the Politburo.
e. He was sentenced to fifteen years in prison.
22. Falun Gong was outlawed because
a. it was trying to establish itself as a political party.
b. all religions are prohibited under Chinese law.
c. cult leaders were calling for the overthrow of the government.
d. Communist Party leaders fear any organized group beyond their control.
e. it is funded by Western sources.
23. Assuming things go as they are expected to, who is most likely to be next in line to lead China? (Currently is)
a. Deng Xiaoping
b. Hu Jintao
c. Jiang Zemin
d. Xi Jinping
e. Wei Jingsheng
24. The difficulties faced by the Chinese Communist Party in recruiting new members is a reflection of the
a. disenchantment with economic reform.
b. widespread belief that the days of the Communist Party leadership are numbered.
c. intentions by the best and the brightest young people to emigrate.
d. opportunities for success outside of politics.
e. the general lack of civic education.
25. Rather than being a totalitarian communist regime, Kenneth Lieberthal now describes the Chinese government as
a. fragmented authoritarianism.
b. disjointed socialism.
c. separated communism.
d. fractured monolith.
e. constitutional democracy.
26. In China, which of these institutions is far more powerful politically than its equivalent in the former Soviet Union?
a. The army
b. The party
c. The state-run media
d. The security apparatus
e. The secretariat
27. China’s most influential leader since the death of Mao Zedong was
a. Deng Xiaoping.
b. Zhu Rongji.
c. Chiang Kai-shek.
d. Xuan Latan.
e. Lei Feng.
Mexico
Mexico
Name: _________________________
Multiple Choice, 5 points
1. Who was PAN’s first successful presidential candidate?
a. Felipe Calderon
b. Cuautemóc Cárdenas
c. Jorge Castañeda
d. Adolfo Aguilar Zinser
e. Vicente Fox
2. Mexicans whose ancestry is part white and part Indian are known as what?
a. Caudillos
b. Camarillas
c. Maquiladoras
d. Mestizos
e. Sexeño
3. The six-year presidential term in Mexico is referred to as
a. caudillo.
b. camarilla.
c. maquiladora.
d. mestizo.
e. sexeño.
4. For more than a century, one of the key principles in Mexican politics has been
a. non-reelection.
b. democracy.
c. totalitarianism.
d. individualism.
e. self-sufficiency.
5. The long-ruling dictator of Mexico for much of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries was
a. Cárdenas.
b. Diaz.
c. Santa Ana.
d. Valenzuela.
e. Salinas.
6. The sexeño of Lazaro Cárdenas (1934–1940) is remembered for all the following EXCEPT
a. the nationalization of the oil industry.
b. cordial relations with the United States.
c. land reform.
d. the creation of an official trade union.
e. Cárdenas’ voluntary retirement from politics in 1940.
7. Corporatist organizations (like trade unions and peasant associations) helped the PRI maintain its power in all the
following ways EXCEPT
a. alienating people from the regime.
b. providing tangible benefits to members.
c. providing a recruiting ground for leaders.
d. channeling political activity.
e. limiting access to positions of authority.
8. President Miguel de la Madrid, elected in 1982, introduced a new idea in Mexican politics: a new generation of
politicians who had university educations in business and economics at American universities. These politicians
were known as
a. caudillos.
b. dinosaurios.
c. tecnicos.
d. maquiladoras.
e. camarillas.
9. The most important institution in the Mexican state is
a. House of Representatives.
b. Senate.
c. Supreme Court.
d. PRI.
e. PEMEX
10. What is the name of the upper house of the Mexican national legislature?
a. Chamber of Deputies
b. House of Representatives
c. People’s Chamber
d. Senate
e. House of Lords
11. Many political scientists have not considered Mexico to be a viable democracy because
a. it only has one political party.
b. election results have often been falsified so that the PRI wins.
c. civil liberties are limited.
d. the police have too much power.
e. PRI candidates import voters from the United States.
12. One of the key characteristics of Mexican political culture is
a. patron-client relations.
b. individualism.
c. hatred of foreigners.
d. defensive individualism.
e. scrupulous honesty.
13. Until the 2000 election, Mexican elections were generally not considered democratic because of all the following
reasons EXCEPT
a. votes were bought.
b. the PRI controlled the Federal Election Commission.
c. demonstrations were discouraged.
d. fraud in the voter registration process.
e. unequal resources between the PRI and opposition parties.
14. Under the PRI, what form of government would most political scientists say that Mexico was?
a. Completely totalitarian
b. Completely authoritarian
c. Semi-authoritarian and semi-democratic
d. Fully democratic
e. Anarchic
15. How many seats are in the Chamber of Deputies?
a. 100
b. 250
c. 500
d. 650
e. 925
16. What agency was created to serve as a truly independent replacement for the Federal Election Commission,
responsible for counting ballots and voter registration?
a. Federal Electoral College
b. Federal Electoral Institute
c. Federal Election Committee
d. Electoral Supervisory Commission
e. National Election Panel
17. A major reason for the decline of PRI electoral victories after 1997 was the creation of
a. PAN.
b. an anti-NAFTA coalition.
c. the Federal Electoral Institute.
d. the National Chamber of Commerce.
e. the Drug Enforcement Agency.
18. Formed in 1939, the National Action Party (PAN) initially formed to represent the interests of what groups?
a. Catholics and business
b. Environmentalists and feminists
c. Labor and pacifists
d. Protestants and the upper class
e. the military, both officers and enlisted
19. The principle of non-reelection operates at which level in Mexican politics?
a. Federal level only
b. State level only
c. Local level only
d. Federal and state levels only
e. All levels
20. Similarities between the U.S. Constitution and Mexico’s include all the following EXCEPT
a. Federalism.
b. bicameral legislatures.
c. separation of powers.
d. presidential decrees authorizing government spending.
e. states represented in the legislatures’ upper house.
21. Which of the following statements best explains why the Mexican president is so powerful?
a. He appoints almost all officials.
b. The parliament is responsible to him.
c. The constitution gives him nearly dictatorial powers.
d. He is personally tremendously popular.
e. He is chosen by an elite electoral college.
22. Of all the countries considered in this book, Mexico has one of the weakest bureaucracies, especially when it comes
to making policy. That is largely the case because the
a. bureaucracy is very small.
b. bureaucrats are poorly educated.
c. bureaucrats have few resources.
d. system is a federal one.
e. president used bureaucratic positions for patronage.
23. The Mexican legislature
a. is made up of policy experts.
b. has a history of extreme party loyalty.
c. has regularly created gridlock by opposing presidential initiatives.
d. plays a role in mediating political conflict.
e. was subservient to presidents until the election of Vicente Fox.
24. Mexican civil service is unlike the civil service in most industrial democracies because
a. Mexican bureaucrats are obviously incompetent.
b. whole staffs move from one agency to another when a political appointee is reassigned.
c. educational qualifications are more specific in Mexico.
d. most Mexican bureaucrats must stand for election.
e. in Mexico, everyone takes only a basic, general civil service examination.
25. What is the term length for a member of the Chamber of Deputies?
a. Two years
b. Three years
c. Four years
d. Five years
e. Six years
26. The policy reforms that helped end the crisis of the 1980s included all the following EXCEPT
a. nationalization of key industries.
b. raising taxes.
c. debt reduction.
d. reductions in government spending.
e. opening the economy to more trade and foreign investment.
China Answers
1. E
2. A
3. C
4. E
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. A
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
E
E
A
D
C
C
B
D
A
A
21. B
22. E
23. A
24. C
25. D
26. D
27. A
28. C
29. D
30. B
Mexico Answers
1. E
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. E
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. C
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
A
E
B
E
D
A
B
C
C
21. C
22. A
23. E
24. D
25. B
26. C
27. B
28. A
29. D
30. E
China HW Answers
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. E
9. D
10. B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B
C
E
B
E
B
E
D
B
C
21. E
22. D
23. D
24. D
25. A
26. A
27. A
Mexico HW Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
E
D
E
A
B
B
C short term, D long
term
8. C
9. D
10. D
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B
A
C
C
C
B
C
A
E
D
21. A
22. E
23. E
24. B
25. B
26. A