January 20, 2010
Welcome to BIO 311c
A biology course that emphasizes
principles and facts regarding living cells
Lectures here (GRG 102)
Mon., Wed., & Fri. at 9:00 a.m.
Lecture 1 – Wed. 20 Jan. 2010
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BIO 311C - Brand
Instructor:
Discussion Instructor:
Textbook*:
Web site:
User ID:
Password:
Dr. J. Brand
Rebecca Knight
Biology, Campbell & Reece, 8th Edit.
www.sbs.utexas.edu/brand/bio311c
biosci\bio311c
Prokaryotes!
Carefully read the hand-outs that describe the course schedule,
structure and content before the next lecture period. Information
in the hand-outs will be reviewed briefly during the next lecture.
UT is attempting to reduce the amount of circulated paper. We
provide paper hand-outs of the initial course information but all
subsequent information pertaining to this course will be
provided electronically through our web site and BlackBoard.
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*A paperback custom Volume 1 of the textbook covers most of the material
assigned in BIO 311c. It is substantially less expensive than the hardbound
complete textbook. Students who will enroll in BIO 311d are advised to
purchase the complete textbook.
*
Presentation Slides
Presentation slides corresponding to substantive contents of each
lecture will be posted on the course web site and on BlackBoard by
the afternoon of the day before the lecture.
Not all slides pertaining to the mechanics of the course or general
announcements will be posted.
Slides that duplicate illustrations from reading assignments in the
textbook will not generally be posted.
On occasion a slide may be modified after a set of slides has been initially
placed on the web site. These enhancements and/or corrections will be made
within 24 hours after the corresponding lecture.
If you prepare copies of the lecture slides, then be sure to inspect the posted
slides at least one day after the corresponding lecture to be sure that your
information corresponds to the latest version.
Posted slides are shown with an asterisk in the lower-right
corner of the slide.
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Printing PDFs of Presentation Slides
If you wish to prepare a print version of the presentation slides,
then you can save paper by printing the contents of multiple PDFs
on a single page.
file
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print
Page scaling
(for example)
6 pages per sheet
*
BIO 311c Information that will be posted includes:
- the course syllabus and general course information
- most of the Presentation Slides used in lectures
- notes from some of the discussion periods
- exams for the previous semesters
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Discussion Periods
- You are expected to attend your assigned discussion session
each week. Attendance will be taken at each session.
- Any regular change to a different discussion section time must
be approved by the Discussion Instructor in advance.
- Discussion sections will begin meeting this week (Jan. 22 & 25).
- The first 2 weeks of discussion periods will focus on basic
chemical background for BIO 311c. The subject matter will relate
to information in Chapters 2 - 4 of the textbook (see
(Lecture/Exam Schedule document). Introductory chemical
information presented during the discussion periods and in the
textbook will be included in exams.
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Subject Matter for Exams
Exams will test your knowledge of information that is
provided in:
- textbook reading assignments
- lectures*
- presentation slides covering substantive course material
- the first two discussion periods
- other discussion periods (when inclusion on exams is
announced in advance of the discussion period)
*All subject matter presented during lectures may be included on the
exams, regardless of whether or not it is placed on presentation slides.
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Getting Started
Chapter 1 of your textbook provides context for the
remainder of the textbook. You are encouraged to read that
chapter, although it is not assigned reading for this course
and we will cover only a few topics of Chapter 1 in lectures.
We will begin discussing cells in detail (Chapter 6 of the
textbook) during the next lecture.
Today we will consider some basic principles of the living
state and some general features of cells.
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BLACK-BOX PROPERTIES
OF THE LIVING STATE
It requires a continuous source of food (building material).
It requires a continuous source of energy (fuel).
It continuously generates waste products.
Corollary:
It exists in a state of homeostasis.
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Summary of black-box properties of a living organism
Living Organism
HOMEOSTASIS
Food
Energy
Relatively constant contents and
functions as food and energy are
continuously incorporated and
converted to cell components
and waste products;
Waste
products
a highly organized,
low-entropy state;
steady-state rather than
equilibrium condition.
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Some levels of Organization of the Living State
See Textbook Fig. 1.4, p. 4
The biosphere
An ecosystem
A community
A population
An organism
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Question:
Into how small of units can a living system be
divided such that the individual parts still maintain
the black-box properties of the living state?
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Levels of Organization of the Living State (cont.)
See Textbook Fig. 1.4, p. 5
An
organelle
A cell
A molecule
A
tissue
Living
Organism
An
organ
Display black-box properties
of the living stare
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Do not Display black-box
Properties of the living stare
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A living organism may be divided into units no smaller than
single intact cells in order to retain the black-box properties
of the living state.
Individual Cell
Food
Energy
HOMEOSTASIS
Waste
products
Note: two problems must be overcome to allow a unit (a portion of a living
organism) to remain alive.
1. There must remain way to get food & energy in, and waste products out,
of the unit.
2. There must be appropriate communication within the unit.
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A Statement of
THE CELL DOCTRINE
- All living organisms are made up of one or more living cells.
- The individual cell is the smallest unit of the living state.
- Every existing cell has arisen from a pre-existing cell.
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SOME HISTORICAL MILESTONES IN CELL BIOLOGY
THAT LED TO THE MODERN CELL DOCTRINE
1665: Robert Hooke first used the term "cell" to describe the empty
compartments which were surrounded by thick cell walls in dead
cork cells.
1680s: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, having become an excellent lensgrinder and microscopist, was the first person to recognize and
record the fact that single-celled and few-celled organisms are all
compartmentalized into discrete units (cells).
1830s: Mathias Schleiden (studying plants) and Theodor Schwann
(studying animals) are credited with formalizing a cell theory which
recognized the relatively independent existence of individual cells
in a living organism.
1860s: Louis Pasteur presented strong experimental evidence for the
non-existence of spontaneous generation, implying that cells must
arise from pre-existing cells.
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