Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
Good Day
Today is January 23, 2017
1/25 ­ Vocabulary Quiz
1/26 ­ Unit 6 Review
1/27 ­ Unit 6 Test ­ Mastery Connect
MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE YOUR SC HISTORY TEXTBOOK
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
Vocabulary Terms
Reconstruction
amnesty remnant
lame duck
martial law
ratify
poll tax
grandfather clause
literacy test
discrimination
redeem
segregation
suffrage
skirmish
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
Unit 6 Lesson 11
EQ. How did Reconstruction change SC?
1. What military district was South Carolina in and which state was in it besides SC? Page 301
2. Who was SC's first black congressman?
3. What legal document created public education, gave universal male suffrage, and legalized divorce?
4. What violent event happened near what is today North Augusta? Page 321
5. What did the terrorists for Wade Hampton III wear?
6. What caused people to not know who won the election in SC in 1876?
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
South Carolina, like the rest of the south, had much difficulty dealing with radical reconstruction. Under President Johnson SC easily met all of the requirements to be readmitted. Radical reconstruction's requirements took a while.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
South Carolina became part of the Second military district under martial law, which combined North and South Carolina. The republican party quickly took over in South Carolina after the passing of the 14th Amendment. 5
Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
During Radical reconstruction the State government was dominated by Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and Freedmen. Of those elected during reconstruction over half in SC were African American. In 1870 the states first black congressman, Joseph Rainey, was elected.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
In Charleston in 1868 as part of the requirement to regain statehood representatives met to write a new Constitution of 1868 for the state. At the meeting there were 75 blacks and 54 whites. This new constitution allowed for Universal male suffrage, representation would only be based on population, public education was provided for all, and divorce became legal. 7
Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
Article 1
Declaration of Rights.
Section 1. All men are born free and equal ­ endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are the rights of enjoying and ­ defending their lives and liberties, of acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and of seeking and obtaining their safety and happiness.
Section 2. Slavery shall never exist in this States; neither shall­ involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 3. All political power is rested in and derived from the people only; therefore they have the right, at all times, to modify their form of government in such manner as they may deem expedient, when the public good demands.
Section 4. Every citizen of this State owes paramount allegiance to the Constitution
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
Like the rest of the nation SC struggled with corruption in the government. The republican printing company, formed by members of SC's house and senate, increased the bill from $45,000 to $450,000. The governor of SC, Franklin Moses Jr. ,was accused of stealing but used the military to avoid the charges. The Democrats were tired of Republican rule. 9
Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
On July 4 1876 a series of events began that would lead to the Hamburg Massacre. On the 4th the National Guard of the city of Hamburg SC was drilling when a white farmer wanted to cross the road they were using. There are two sides to this account. The white man claimed the National Guard comprised of blacks purposefully blocked the road. The commander of the National Guard Captain Adams claimed the farmer tried to run them over with his carriage.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
After heated words between the two they ended up in court. General Butler, named for being a former confederate general, demanded the Guard surrender their weapons to him personally. Hundreds of white men gathered with weapons and a cannon from Augusta to attack the armory where the Guard had held themselves up in. One white man, Thomas McKie Meriwether, was shot in the incident dying instantly as he was shot in the head.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
The Guardmen tried to escape but were rounded up put into a ring and chosen at random to be executed. The town, made up of mostly African Americans, was looted by the whites. and no punishments were handed out. However the event led to more violence in SC and to the rise of Benjamin Ryan Tillman.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
Location: U.S. Hwy. 1/78/25 at the 5th St. Bridge, North Augusta, SC
County: Aiken
Coordinates:
Style: Free Standing \\l "Free standing"** 13
Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
(Front) The Hamburg Massacre, which occurred nearby on July 8, 1876, was one of the most notable incidents of racial and political violence in S.C. during Reconstruction. White Democrats across the state organized “rifle clubs” to intimidate black and white Republicans during the gubernatorial election of 1876. Clashes between groups of armed men were frequent, in some cases even including the militia. (Reverse) After a dispute between whites and a black militia company, about 200 men from local rifle clubs tried to disarm 38 black militiamen and others barricaded in a warehouse. One white was killed and men on each side were wounded before the blacks fled. Two blacks were killed trying to escape. Whites captured 25­30 blacks and executed four of them. 87 whites were charged in the massacre but were never tried for it. 14
Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
The end of Radical Reconstruction did not come without controversy. In SC however as in the election of 1876 in the race for governor, the Republicans nominated Daniel Chamberlain, who was one of the owners of the printing company which was ripping off the state. The Democrats nominate former Confederate soldier Wade Hampton III.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
The democrats used both reason and terrorism to convince the Freedmen of SC to vote democrat. Wade Hampton III spoke to the African American population promising equal rights in SC. However the man behind Hampton's nomination, Martin Gary, had organized a terror program to scare African Amerincas into voting for Hampton.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
The Terroristic methods that Gary used included the creation of 290 rifle clubs which marched throughout SC wearing red shirts and shouting "Hurrah for Hampton". These clubs were involved in a number of skirmishes with African American militia groups and many riots also broke out throughout SC.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
There was fraud every where on election day with many people voting multiple times. Both sides claimed victory which left the decision up to the state legislature, of which it was also unclear who controlled it because of the election. 19
Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
As a result SC had two Governors and two different House of Representatives. Wade Hampton III promised to the people that because he was elected either he would be the military governor. 20
Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
For four months SC had two governors and the issue was finally settled with the Compromise of 1877. When Hayes withdrew the federal troops from the South, Hampton took over as governor and Reconstruction was over in SC.
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
Reconstruction 1865­1876
Achievements:
13th (Slavery ended), 14th (citizenship) , and 15th (African American Males right to vote) Amendments
Public Education Freedmen's Bureau Promoted Unification
Hospitals, prisons, orphanages
1868 SC Constitution African Americans involved in Government
Martial Law
Failures
Racism: Rifle Clubs, Red Shirts, KKK
Race Riots
Grandfather clause
poll tax
literacty test
Black Codes
Jim Crow laws ­ segregation laws
Plessy v Ferguson ­ Separate but Equal
Carpterbaggers/Scalawags
1877 ­ Martial law ends
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Unit 6 Lesson 11
January 23, 2017
What was the most significant achievement and failure during Reconstruction and Why?
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