PART TWO
:!)enltences and Paragraphs
2.1
Sentence Fragment (I)
Sentence Fragment (II)
Comma Splice/Fused
(1)
Comma Splice/Fused
(II)
Confusing Sentence (I)
2.6
Confusing Sentence (II)
Precise Structure (I)
2.8
Precise Structure (II)
Parallel Structure (I)
2,)0
11
2.12
Parallel Structure (n)
Coherence (I)
Coherence (II)
14
2.1
Sentence Fragment (I)
In each of the examples below, if the sentence is complete, simply write correct. If it is a fragment,
rewrite correctly.
t. The old woman waiting at the train station.
2. The mechanic from the motor club will tow your stalled car. Although you cannot pay him in
advance.
3. Mary is hoping that she won the skating competition.
4. I know your objection. Fearing that the rookie team is not trained well enough to do this job
alone.
5. Dan put the sleeping baby into its crib. And closed the door quietly.
6. Many Hawthorne trees bear small white flowers. Which appear in April or May.
7. Hobbies contribute to an interesting life. Jack, who is very involved in glass blowing.
8. Jim Davis drove his stock car in the race. Around the track and across the finish line.
9. Because of Syd's desire to become a medical doctor. he has kept his grades close to an A average.
LO. To be a pilot was one of my childhood dreams. Finally realized last year.
15
2.2 Sentence Fragment (II)
Rewrite the following paragraph so that there are no sentence fragments.
Putting Joe Burns in charge of fund-raising was a stupid move. Or a very subtly clever choice.
Depending on what image you want to create for the research foundation. When he speaks to
groups, Joe uses such poor grammar. That people laugh at him. They become so interested in listening to how he says what he is saying. Thus hearing his entire message. Although his English is
terrible. Joe Burns holds the audience's attention. Collecting more money for research than any
of our eloquent speakers of the past. Not less.
16
2.3
Comma Splice/Fused Sentence (I)
Rewrite each of the following comma splices or fused sentences in the form indicated.
1. Our biggest competitor is Haley's Tire and Supply. the next biggest is FaIlweIl's Auto Parts.
Subordinate
Coordinate
Punctuate
Separate
2. Snow has fallen steadily for twenty hours just about everyone is stranded.
Subordinate
Coordinate
Punctuate
Separate
3. Exam week was finally over, I packed my car and drove to the ocean.
Subordinate
Coordinate
Punctuate
Separate
4. My tune box isn't very good it has only one set of speakers.
Subordinate
Coordinate
Punctuate
Separate
17
2.4
Comma Splice/Fused Sentence (U)
Rewrite each of the following examples in whatever way you believe would best express the idea
correctly.
I. The leaves needed raking, Dennis vo!unteered to do the job.
2. Our tennis team won this year we had a new coach.
3. The car was for sale the price was fair.
4. Bacteria transmitted the disease, it was found in milk by-products.
5. Jill bought a condominium near the lake she loves the beach.
6. Harry drove his father's car, I had my brother's motorcycle.
7. Chocolate candy contains many calories, mixed drinks contain even more.
8. Chicago is beautiful in the summer Charleston is always beautiful.
9. Ken's grades dropped drastically this semester, he has missed several classes because of ill-
ness.
10. Computer technology has changed business significantly, everyone from the chairman of the
board to the mailboy has to be computer~literate.
18
2.S
Confusing Sentence (I)
Rewrite each of the following sentences so that the meaning is clear.
I. French bread is where the loaf is smaller in diameter and much longer.
2. Love is when you really like a person.
3. Harry's success eventually lowered in Minneapolis when competitors began underselling his
product.
4. By calling me to tell me about the accident made my worrying increase.
5. The problem of no jobs is not always the primary cause, but instead lack of education for poorer
people, which leaves them in no position to compete for jobs in the marketplace.
19
2.6
Confusing Sentence (II)
Rewrite the following sentences and correct the ambiguous, awkward, and incorrect expressions.
I. Efficiency is when you do things accurately and on time.
2. Florida is where the college students go on spring break because it's warm and they can get a tan.
3. Ernest Hemingway's short story "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" implies that when people are
young underneath it all they are not tolerant of old people whereas old people need their help.
4. Camus's The Stranger has a man named Meursault where he is put to death by the state ultimately because he didn't cry on account of his mother died.
5. Sentences are suppose to be clear and when they are short the better they are.
2.7
Precise Structure (I)
(1) Read each example below, (2) indicate what is wrong with ea(:h, (3) rewrite each example, and
(4) indicate what structure you used in your corrected version.
I. The visitors had an exciting day in San Francisco, they went to Fisherman's Wharf, the Golden
Gate Bridge, and Alcatraz.
Error(s):
Correction(s):
Correct Structure(s):
2. Many parents do not encourage their young children to spend time in exchanging ideas with
them then they wonder why children can't confide in them when teenagers.
Error(s):
Correction(s):
Correct Structure(s):
3. Shakespeare's Henry [Vis a dialectical argument about honor, Hal. of course, is the synthesis
of honor and dishonor.
Error(s):
Correction(s):
Correct Structure(s): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. Falstaff is a very comic character however, he is also tragic.
I
Error(s):
Correction(s) :
Correct Structure(s): _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _____________ _ __ _ _ __
5. The final exam had six essay questions only four of them had to be answered but I knew four.
Error(s):
Correction(s):
Correct Structure(s): _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __
11
2.8
Precise Structure (II)
Construct the following types of sentences.
1. a compound sentence joined by a coordinate conjunction
2. a complex sentence with an adverbial subordinate clause
3. a complex sentence with an adjective subordinate clause
4. a compound sentence joined by a semicolon
2.9 .Parallel Structure (0
Write sample sentences using three parallel words or phrases from the categories shown at the left.
Nouns~
1. __________________________________________________
Subjects
Adjectives
2.
Infinite
Phrases
3,
Prepositional
Phrases
4.
Relative
Clauses
5.
Participial
Phrases
6.
Adverbs
7.
Gerund
Phrases
8.
Nouns as
Direct Objects
9.
Verbs
10.
Nounaa~
11. _______________________________________________
1.1
2.10
Parallel Structure (II)
Rewrite the following sentences using parallel structure.
1. Ben was wealthy. a good-looking guy. and dressed impeccably.
2. Old ideas about self-reliant women have been proven false and the product of misinfonnation.
3. The fruit was colorful, tasty. and a product of California.
4. Daisy Miller was born in America, in Italy she died of Roman fever. and Switzerland was a place
where she enjoyed passing summers abroad.
5. George Eliot was a Victorian novelist, editor for the Westminster Review. and translated several
documents from the German.
6. The board of directors commecded the company president for his sound decision making and
because he knows so much about distributing products.
7. I love skiing in the Rockies simply to experience the scenery and as a form of exercise.
8. John F. Kennedy was charismatic, a good politician, and could be considered a humanitarian.
2.11
Coherence (I)
Construct a sentence that connects two ideas by using the following structures.
I. (conjunctive adverb) however
2. (demonstrative adjectives) this and that
3. (conjunctive adverb) moreover
4. (subordinate conjunction) although
5. (conjunctive adverb) consequently
6. (correlative conjunctions) not only and but also
7. (conjunctive adverb) furthermore
8. (subordinate conjunction) because
9. (conjunctive adverb) therefore
10. (subordinate conjuDction) unless
2S
2.12
Coherence (II)
Write a five-sentence paragraph in which you use at least
• two demonstrative adjectives
• two conjunctive adverbs
• two subordinate conjunctions
These structural devices should help you interrelate ideas in a logical and exact manner.
PART TWO-Sentences and Paragrapbs
2.1
1. fragment
fragment
correct
fragment
fragment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
fragment
fragment
fragment
£"nll" ..p....
fragment
Complete sentences to replace fragments will vary.
2.2
Answers will vary.
2.3
1. Although our biggest ... Supply.
Supply. and the next
Supply; the next
Supply. The next
2. Because the snow ... hours,
hours. and just about
hoursj just about
hours. Just about
3. After exam week ... over.
over. so I packed
over; 1 packed
over. 1 packed
4. very good because it has
very good, for it has
very good; it has
very good. It
01991 Addison-Wesley Longman
All Righls Reserved.
r
2.4
Answers will vary.
2.5
Answers will vary.
2.6
Answers will vary.
2.7
1. comma
2.
3.
4.
5.
confusing/fused sentence
comma splice
comma
fused sentence
Corrections and structures will vary.
2.8
Answers will vary.
2.9
Answers will vary.
2.10
Answers
2.11
Answers will vary.
2.12
Answers will vary.
vary.