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Lesson
What are the Properties
of nonmetals?
91
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LESSON What are the properties
.
16
of nonmetals?
You know from your own experience what things are metals. you also
have a good idea what things are not metals. \Atrhat properties do all
nonmetals have?
The properties of nonmetals are:
'
Nonmetals are found in all states. some are solids. some are gases.
And one nolunetal-bromine [BRoH-meenl- is a liquid. AII e]ei-rents
that are gases at room temperafure are norunetals.
'
Nonmetals come in many colors. Bromine is a dark red liquid. sulfur
is yellow. Phosphorus [FAHS-fur-us] is white or red. Iodine is a steel#ay solid. Many gases have no color. They are invisible.
.
some o{ the- properties of nonmetals are exactly the opposite of the
properties of metals.
'
.
'
'
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. A substance
that does not conduct heat and electricity is called an insulator
[IN-suh-layt-ur].
Nonmetals have no metallic luster.
Nonmetals are not malleable. They break apart when they are
hammered.
some nonmetals have odors. Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas with
terrible odor. Itr fact, chlorine gas is poisonous
a
we need nonmetals in our lives. The gases we breathe are nonmetals.
oxygen is the most important of these gases. oxygen is a part of water
too. We cannot live without air and water.
92
WHAT DO THE PICTURES SHOW?
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Look at each Eigure. Then answer the questions'
1.
A malleable solid
does, does not
break apart when it is hammered.
2.
The solid in this picture
malleable.
is, is not
3.
I.
o
The solid in this picture probably is
a
metal, nonmetal
a.,
are malleable.
Metals, Nonmetals
Figure A
5.
Sulfur is
a
good, poor
conductor of eleckicity.
6.
Sulfur is a
7.
Nonmetals are
metal, nonmetal
good, poor
conductors of electricitY.
8.
Pots and pans are made of metals.
Metals are
good, poor
conductors of heat.
Figure B
9.
The handle of the pan in this picture is
covered with
a
metal, nonmetal
L0.
Nonmetals are
good, poor
conductors of heat.
Figure C
93
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
ln
the space prooided, write the letter of the word that best completes each statement.
1. All nonmetals are
a) matter.
c) liquids.
2.
Matter that is a gas at room temperature must be a
a).
c)
3.
4,
b) energy.
d) malleable.
conductor.
'" "
nonmetal.
Nonmetals are
a)
good conductors of
heat and electricity.
b)
poor conductors of
heat and electricity.
c)
malleable.
d)
shiny.
We know that sulfur is not malleable because sulfur is
a) matter.
c) a nonmetal.
5.
b) metal.
d insulator.
b) a metal.
d) solid.
An example of a poisonous gas is
a) oxygen.
c) bromine.
b)
d)
hydrogen.
chlorine.
TRUE OR FALSE
ln
the space prooided, u)rite
"true" if the sentence is true. write "false" if the smtence
1.. Nonmetals
ii.
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in solid, liquid, and
94
gas states.
2.
At room temperature,
3.
Some nonmetals are invisible.
4.
Phosphorus is invisible.
5.
Nonmetals have a metallic luster.
6.
Nonmetals come in only a few colors.
7.
Metals are malleable.
8.
Nonmetals can be hammered. (Careful, this is a trick question!)
9.
Nonmetals'are good conductors of electricity.
a metal can be invisible.
Metals protect us from heat.
la
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are found
is
false,
COMPLETE THE CHART
Complete the ch.art fu
filling in
tlItiltil
the missing information.
Isita
What is
its state?
Element
1.
aluminum
,
oxygen
3.
phosphorus
4.
ron
5.
sulfur
6.
chlorine
7.
coPPer
Isita
Does it
have
metal or
nonmetal?
metallic
luster?
good
conductor
Is it
malleable?
of
electricity?
Isita
good
conductor
of heat?
COMPLETING SENTENCES
Choose the conect word or term from each statunent. Write your choice
1.
Gases are
2.
This book is a
3.
Metals are
4.
Nonmetals- are
5.
Metals
in the spaces prooided.
-
metals, nonmetals
metal, nonmetal
conductors of electricity.
good, poor
conductors of hgat.
good, poor
malleable.
are, are not
nonmetals are poisonous.
6.
All, Some
7.
Chlorine is a
8.
Chlorine eas is
"d*g"tort,
liquid, gas
nonmetals have an odor.
9.
Some,
10.
pleasant smelling
All
Oxygen is a nonmetal because
-
it
is
a gas, needed
for life
95
SCIENCE EXTRA
Metallurgy
Look around and you probably will
see a wide variety of metal objects.
Metals have many uses in people's
everyday lives. Metals are used to
make cars, airplanes, electrical appliances, electrical wire, and many
other objects. Where do the metals
used to make all these things come
from? Metals are found in the earth's
crust. Howeve4, metals usually are
found combined with other elements.
A metallic ore is a rock or mineral
from which a useful metal can be
removed at a reasonable cost.
The science of removing metals from
their ores and preparing the metals
for use is called metallurgy [MET-uh-
lur-jeel. Metallurgy involves different steps and a variety of processes. The first step is to remove
the metailic ore from the ground.
Removal of the ore is carried out by
mining. Large machines are used to
take the ore from the ground.
Ern ore is removed from the
earth, waste materials that are combined with the ore are removed. This
may be done by processes such as
roasting. I:r roasting, sulfur and other
impurities are removed from the ore
by heating the ore in air. When
heated, the sulfur combines with
oxygen in the air and is released as a
After
gas.
After waste materials are removed
from an ore, the process of taking the
desired metal from the ore begins.
The most corunon method is called
smelting. Smelting involves melting
95
the ore to remove impurities. The
melting usually takes place in a large
furnace.
After a metal is taken from its ore,
the metal is refined to make final
products such as an aluminum can.
The refining process may include
combining the metal with another
substance to give it special properties. For example, iron is the main
element in steel. Iron is combined
with nickel and chromium to make
different kinds of steel.
of the oldest
of the basic ideas of
metallurgy'have been used for many
centuries. Ancient people knew how
Metallurgy is one
sciences. Some
to remove iron from its ore as long as
4,000 years ago. However, modern
metallurgy has methods and equip-
ment that were only developed
during the last fifty years.