/
HAWAII
"I Liliuokalani, by the Grace of God and under the Constitution of the Hawaiian
Kingdom.Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself
and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to
have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom.
That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America whose Minister
Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be
landed a Honolulu and declared that he would support the Provisional Government.
Now to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I do this
under protest and impelled by said force yield my authority until such time as the
Government of the United States shall, upon facts being presented to it, undo the action of its
representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the Constitutional
Sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands."
-Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Queen's Prayer (Ke Aloha 0 Ka Haku) - by Queen Liliuokalani
Your loving mercy
Is as high as Heaven
And your truth
So perfect
I live in sorrow
Imprisoned
You are my light
Your glory, my support
Behold not with malevolence
The sins of man
But forgive
And cleanse
And so, 0 Lord
Protect us beneath your wings
And let peace be our portion
N ow and forever more
Amen
Page 1 of2
The Teller Amendment,1898
The Teller Amendment,1898
Whereas the .abhorrent conditions which have existed for more than three years in
the Island of Cuba, so near our own borders, have shocked the moral sense of the
people of the United States, have been a disgrace to Christian civilization,
culminating, as they have, in the destruction of a United States battle ship, with
two hundred and sixty-six of its officers and crew, while on a friendly visit in the
(harbor of Havana, and can not longer be endured, as has been set forth by the
President of the United States in his message to Congress of April eleventh,
eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, upon which the action of Congress was
invited: Therefore,
Resolved, First. That the people of the Island of Cuba are, of right ought to be,
free and independent.
Second. That it is the duty of the United States to demand, and the Government of
the United States does hereby demand, that the Government of Spain at once
relinquish its authority and government in the Island of Cuba and withdraw its
land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters.
Third. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby
empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United
call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the
such extent as may be necessary to carry these resolutions into
is, directed and
States, and to
several States, to
effect.
Fourth. That the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to
exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said Island except for the
pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to
leave the government and control of the Island to its people.
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Elsewhere
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Home Page?
9/1112008
Modem History Sourcebook: The Platt Amendment, 1901
Page 1 of2
"Modern History Sourcebook:
The Platt Amendment, 1901
The United States occupied Cuba for five years after 1898. In 1901 Secretary of War Elihu
Root drafted a set of articles (later known as the Platt Amendment) as guidelines for future
United States-Cuban relations. Despite considerable Cuban resistance, they became a part
of the 1902 Cuban Constitution. In following years the United States used the amendment
several times to send troops to maintain or place friendly governments in power and to
protect investments. The amendment was abrogated in 1934.
Whereas the Congress of the United States of America, by an Act approved March 2, 1901,
provided as follows:
Provided further, That in fulfillment of the declaration contained in the joint resolution
approved April twentieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, entitled "For the recognition
of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain
relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba, and withdraw its land and
naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters, and directing the President of the United States
to use the land and naval forces of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect,"
the President is hereby authorized to "leave the government and control of the island of
Cuba to its people" so soon as a government shall have been established in said island under
a constitution which, either as a part thereof or in an ordinance appended thereto, shall
defme the future relations of the United States with Cuba, substantially as follows:
"1.-That the government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any
foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor
in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or
for military or naval purposes or otherwise, lodgement in or control over any portion of said
island."
"II. That said government shall not assume or contract any public debt, to pay the interest
upon which, and to make reasonable sinking fund provision for the ultimate discharge of
which, the ordinary revenues of the island, after defraying the current expenses of
government shall be inadequate."
"III. That the government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to
intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government
adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the
obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty of Paris on the United States, now to
be assumed and undertaken by the government of Cuba."
"IV. That all Acts of the United States in Cuba during its military occupancy thereof are
ratified and validated, and all lawful rights acquired thereunder shall be maintained and
protected. "
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1901platt.html
9111/2008
•
Modem History Sourcebook: The Platt Amendment, 1901
Page 2 of2
"V. That the government of Cuba will execute, and as far as necessary extend, the plans
already devised or other plans to be mutually agreed upon, for the sanitation of the cities of
the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be
prevented, thereby assuring protection to the people and commerce of Cuba, as well as to
the commerce of the southern ports of the United States and the people residing therein."
"VI. That the Isle of Pines shall be omitted from the proposed constitutional boundaries of
Cuba, the title thereto being left to future adjustment by treaty."
"VII. That to enable the United States to maintain the independence
of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the government of
Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations at
certain specified points to be agreed upon with the President of the United States."
"VIII. That by way of further assurance the government of Cuba will embody the foregoing
provisions in a permanent treaty with the United States."
Source:
"The Platt Amendment," in Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United
States of America, 1776-1949, vol. 8, ed. C.I. Bevans (Washington, D.C.: United States
Government Printing Office, 197 1), pp. 1116-17.
This text is part of the Internet Modem History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection
of public domain and copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modem
European and World history.
Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright.
Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational
purposes and personal use. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No
permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook.
© Paul Halsall, July 1998
[email protected]
http://www .fordham.edu/halsall/mod/190
1platt.html
9111/2008
...
~
Jly 7,
.Jpanish
Here are the words of General Calixto Garcia, writing to General William R. Shafter,
head of the American Expeditionary Army, about the U.S. seizure of power in
Cuba.
.der the preusinessman
Puerto Rico
to Rico as a
. Calixto Garcia's Letter to General William R. Shafter
(July 17, 1898)1
Ie had been
cruel treatto war with
idlng to the
n, although
rat disaster.
called it "a
~e, because'""
Iya colony,
rew Cuban
the United
.Sir: On May 12 the government of the Republic of Cuba ordered me, as commander of the Cuban army in the east to cooperate with the American army following the plans and obeying the orders of its commander. I have done my best,
sir, to fulfill the wishes of my government, and I have been until now one of your
most faithful subordinates, honoring myself in carrying out your orders as far as
my powers have allowed me to do it.
The city of Santiago surrendered to the American army, and news of that
important event was given to me by persons entirely foreign to your staff. I have
not been honored with a single word from yourself informing me about the negotiations for peace or the terms of the capitulation by the Spaniards. The important ceremony of the surrender of the Spanish army and the taking possession of
the city by yourself took place later on, and I only knew of both events by public reports.
I.was neither honored, sir, with a kind word from you invitin me or any offic
e t the Cuban arm on that memorable occasion.
Finally, I know that you have left in power in Santiago
e same Spanish
authorities that for three years I have fought as enemies of the independence
·i
inst Spain,
cans to run
colony, the
Ig for years,
novement.
of Cuba. I beg to say that these authorities
by the residents of the city; but were a
.
have never been elected at Santiago
ointed b ro at decrees of the
e
of Spain.
dh
ak
I would agree, sir, that the army under your command shaul
ave t en possession of the city, the garrison and the forts.
Iwould give my warm cooperation to any measure you may have deemed best
under American military law to hold the city for your army and to preserve public order until the time comes to fulfill the solemn pledge of the people of the
United States to establish in Cuba a free and independent government. But when
the question arises of appointing authorities i~ Santiag~ de Cuba under the special circumstances of our thirty years strife against Spanish rule, I cannot see but
with the deepest regret that such authorities are not elected by the Cuban ~e~ple,
but are the same ones selected by the Queen of Spain, and hence are ministers
appointed to defend Spanish sovereignty against the Cu~ans.
A rumor, too absurd to be believed, General, descrIbes. the reason of your
measure and of the orders forbidding my army to enter Santiago for f~ of massacres and revenge against the Spaniards. Allow me, sir, to protest agam:t. ~ven
the shadow of such an idea. '!Ie are not savages ignoring the rules of Civilized
warfare. We are a poor, ragged army as ragged and poor as was the army of your
forefathers in their noble war for independence, but like the heroes of ~aratoga
and Yorktown, we respect our cause too deeply to disgrace it with barbarism and
cowardice.
1
th
In view of all these reasons, I sincerely regret being unable to ful£ll any anger
e
orders of my government, and, therefore, I have tendered today to .the c~mmanderin-chief of the Cuban army, Maj. Gen. Maximo Gomez, my resignatlOn as commander of this section of our army.
.
,
Awaiting his resolution, I have retired with all my forces to Jiguaru.
I am respectfully yours,
Calixto Garcia
ThreE
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