MARQUESAS *
NEUROPTERA FROM THE MARQUESAS'
By
P. ESBt:N-PETERS(N
ESBlm-PETERsEN
P.
SILKeBORG, D£'''''''IIK
DENMARK
Sn.KE.IlORG,
Edward P. Mumford has kindly asked me to examine and give a report
Edw;lrd
Entomological Survey
upon the neuropterous insects collected by the Pacific Entomologicll
in the l\farquesas.
Marquesas. It gives me great pleasure to undertake this work, because
Marquesas and the adjaccnt
caU$C so little is known of the fauna of the M.arquesas
adjacent
islands.
As far as I am aware, only the following species
specIes are mentioned in the
basalis Walker,l
literature as occurring in the Marquesas: Chrysopa bosaJis
Walker,'
flaveola Schneider 1 (the material reported under this name
namc belongs
Chrysopa flavcofa
Navas 2 (this is the same as C. basaprobably to C. basalis), Chrysopa dclmasi Navas~
egalo111..u s species,
esomicromus marquesanus
lis), M
Megalomus
species,11 1'1
Ncsomicromus
marqucsanll.S Kimmins. s3
n2
The material before me contains 772 imagines and 76 larvae of Chrysopa
ancl 9 specimens of a hcmcrobiid.
hemerobiid. The most remarkable
and
remark-able feature in the colCll1 ysopa belong
lection is that all the above-mentioned
<lbove~mentionetl specimens of Cl,,-')'sopa
!Jelong to a
Chryso pa basalis; whether other species are to be found is a<1single species,
species. Chrysopa
problem which can only be solved by still further collecting.
It seems that Chrysopa
Cllr')'sopa basalis is common everywhere in the islands. The
material
matcrial here
herc reported
rcportetl upon
UIXlll was taken in some
SOIllC eighty
cighty localities,
localities. distributed
over
o\'cr all 10 islands.
In
Tn this connection it may be remembered that the imagines of chrysopids
and especially their larvae are very useful because
becausc they feed chiefly
chieAy upon
Aphididae and Coccidae.
o
FAMILY
CHRYSOPIDAE
CHRYSQPIDAE
Chrysopa basalis Walker (figs. 1,2).
1. 2).
Chrysopa
Clrrysopa basalis Walker: List of Neuropterous
Ncuropterous Insects in Brit. Mus.,
Mus.• p.
239,
1853, (Loochoo Islands).
239.1853,
Chrysopa
Cllrysopo delmasi
dcl11losi Navas: Pontific. Accad. Romana,
Romana. Mcm.,
Mem.• p. 20,
20. 1927
(Marqucsas
(Marqucsa:; Islands).
Chrysopa skottsbergi Esben-Petersen:
Esbcn~Peterscn: Insects of Samoa,
Samoa. pt. 7, p. 1°4,
104,
pI. 3, fig. 4,
4. 1928 (Samoa and Ellice Islands).
--:-:=-.
,'C"""'~",an,
Chce.man, L.
J•. E.,
F.., Contribution
Conlri1;ulion towards
lowards the
the insect
insect fauna
fauna of French
F~nch Oceania:
Oceania: Ent.
Enl. Soc.
Soc. London,
I,ondon,
Trans.,
T."n... vol.
""I. 75,
75, p.
p.. 160,
.60, 1927_
'\127.
• Navas,
Nu.... Longinos,
I.onlinos, Pontific.
Pontific. Accad.
Attl'd. Romana,
Roman", Mem.,
Mem.• p.
p. 20,
20, 1927.
'\121.
3• Kimmins.
D. E.•
E., Two
Two New
New Hemerobiidae
Hemerobiidac (Neuroptera):
(Neuropte.a); The
Tke Entomologist.
£"I",",oIO&i", vol.
"01. 65,
65, p.
P. 160,
.So.
Kimmin.. D.
figs.
lip. 4.
4, 5. '932.
'93',
*• Pacific
2. Issued
P2ciJic F,ntomological
F.nlomol........1 Survey
Survey Publication
Publication 8.
So article
.rticle"
IllIued January 2,
:0., 1935.
'915.
:!
[J3]
14
Berl/ice
Mlfscmn--B,/(fct;n142
Bernice P. BisllOP
Bishop Museu-in-Bulletin
142
Clirysopa
chiefly bebeChrysopa vasal-is
basalis has until now been a misunderstood species, chiefly
causc
For instance,
instance, he
he does
does
cause of
of Walker's brief and i1ll.:ompletc
incomplete description. For
the basal
basal segment
segment
not mention the distinct rectangular dark brown spot on the
of
A fter consultation with Mr.
M r. D.
D. E.
E.
of the
the antennae, an important character. After
Kimmins of the British Museum, I have decided the material listed below
helow
all
all belongs to Walker's species.
IJi
I
'\,'-"
'" -"
" ,
. ..;
'.
J
• _\ ,
r·-·.
..-.. . ,
' ,',
FIGURE l.-ClIr3'SQ/'O
1.-Chrj1sopa bosolis
basalis Walker, male, from Fatuuku:
FrGURF.
Fatuuku: left
\cft fore
fore and
and hind
hind wings.
wings.
In my description of Chrysopa skottsbergi in the Insects of
In
of Samoa,
Samoa, II call
call
attention
to
the
very
conspicuous
and
large
pterostigma,
especially
in
attention
pterostigma, especially in the
the
hind wings. In the male the pterostigma is more distinct
hind
distinct and strongly
strongly
colored than in
in the female.
colored
a
b
FIGURE 2.--CIl",lsopa
2.-Chrysopa basalis Walker,
apex of
of abdomen,
FleURE
\Valkcr, apex
abdomen, male:
male: a,
a. from
from side;
side; b,b. from
from
below.
2,77° feet,
Hivaoa: Kopaafaa, altitude 2,770
fcet, August 2, 1929,
1929, 44 specimens;
spccimens;
of 'l'aaoa
l'aaoa crest,
crest, altitude
altitude 2,&10
2,800 feet,
June 3,
west of
feet, June
3, 1929,
1929, 11 specimen;
specimcll; Mataovau,
Mataovau,
wcst
altitude 390 feet, JJune
192 9, 5 spccimens;
specimens; ridge northwest of Taaoa,
altitude
unc 5, 1929,
Taaoa. altialtitude 2,800 feet, June 3, 1929, 1 specimen; Anatikaue, altitude 1,75°
1,750 feet,
feet,
August 1,
1, 1929,6
1929, 6 specimens,
specimens, on
on Piper
latifoliutn; Mumford
August
Piper latifolium;
Mumford and
and Adamson.
AdamSOn.
Kaava
Ridge,
altitude
2,800
feet,
January
7,
1932,
9
specimens,
Kaava Ridge, altitude 2,800 feet, January 7, 1932, 9 specimens, on
on ReyReynoldsia
species,
Rapanea
species,
HibisC1is
tiliaceus,
Weimnannia
1Io1dsia specics, Rapallca species, I-libisCf/s tiliaccns, W eill1namda specie.:;,
specie.~,
M etrosideros collina;
collina; altitude
altitude 2,820
2,820 feet,
Mclrosidcros
feet, January
January 6,
6, 1932,
1932, 1I specimen;
specimen; altialtiJanuary 6,
6, 1932,
1932, 22 specimcns,
specimens, on
tude, 2,750
2,750 feet,
feet, January
W ('il/ma"ia species;
species; altialtitude,
on Wein11umia
M arquesan IInsects-Ill.
nsects-II I.
15
tude 2,000 feet, October 27, 1931, 17 specimens, on Glochidioll
Glochidion mmiflorum;
ramiflorum;
Kakahopuanui, altitude 2,500 feet, January 5, 1932, 4 specimens, sweeping
Wein111annia
3,9°0 feet,
herbage and beating W
cinlnamlia species; Temetiu Ridge, altitude 3,900
January 4, 1932,2 specimens, on Metrosideros
collina; Feani Ridge, altitudl!
altitude
Mctrosidcros coUina;
Cyrtandra species;
3,900 feet, January 21, 1932, 3 specimens, beating on Cyrtalldra
Kaava Ridge, Kakahopuanui, altitude 2,800 feet, October 27, 1931, 5 specimens, beating on Glochidion
Glochidio1l rmnifloru111;
ramiflormtt; Temetiu summit, altitude 4,160
feet,
Rcynoldsia species; Avaoa
fect, January 20, 1932, 1 specimen, beating on Reynoldsia
Valley, altitude 1,350 feet, January 4, 1932, 1 specimen; LeBronnec. Near
Ootua spring, February 13, 1929, 1 specimen, in dead flowers of Zingibcr
Oatua
Zingibci
species; Mumford and Adamson. Mount
MOllnt Temetiu, altitude 730 feet, May
27, 1929, 1t specimen, Mumford and Adamson.
Uahuka: Vaikivi [Vaikiva] Valley, altitude 1,300 feet, March 6, 1931,
20 specimens; Vaipaee
Vaipatt Valley, altitude 150 feet, March 10, 1931, 7 specimens; Hiniaehi Valley, altitude 150 fcet,
feet, March 10,
to, 1931, 7 specimens;
Vaipaee
, ee Valley, altitude 250 feet, March 17, 1931, 4 specimens; Haave
Vaip..
200-250 feet, March 19, 1931, 129 specimens; Vai[Haavei] Valley, altitude 200·250
tiake, altitude 1,000 feet, March 24, 1931, 53 specimens; Teavamataiki, altitttde 730 feet, March 19, 1931, 1 specimen; LeBronnee
tnde
LeBronnec and H. Tauran.
Tauraa.
Hatutu: altitude about 1,000 feet, April 28, 1931, 1 specimen; altitude
Hatutu;
1,200 feet,
fcct, April 28, 1931, 2 specimens; altitude 1,300 feet, April 28, 1931,
11 specimen; altitude 1,5°0
LeBronncc and
1,500 feet, April 28, 1931, 1 specimen; LeBronnec
Tauraa. Middle of east side, altitude 1,010 feet, October 30, 1929, .3
H. 'l'auraa.
Pisonia species, Adamson.
specimens, on PisOliia
Nukuhiva: Tovii [Toovii], altitude 2,500
2,5°0 feet, August 4, 1931, 2 specispeci~
Ooumu, altitude 3,0Cl0
3,000 feet, May 28, 1931, 1 specimcn;
mens; Oonmn,
specimen; Tapuaooa,
November 11, 1931, 5 specimens; LeBronnec and H.
altitude 3,100 feet, Novemocr
Tauraa. 'l'euanui,
Teuanui, Tovii [Toovii], altitude 2,500 feet, October 29, 1929,
19£9,
Tamaa.
1
Wcinmallnia· parviflora, Mumford and Adamson.
1 specimen, beating on Weimnannia
Dapou: Hapava, altitude about 500--600
500-600 feet, December 13, 1929, 22
Vapou;
1929, 6 specimens;
specimens; Hakahetau, altitude 500 feet, December 13, 1929,6
29, 3
[Vakokokee], altitude about 300 feet, December 17, 19
Vakaoaokee [VakokokeeJ,
1929,
specimens, R. R. Whitten. Tekohepu Summit, altitude 3,0Cl0
3,000 feet, November
etrosideros coUina,
collina, Cyathca
C yathea species,
specie3,
30, 1931, 37 specimens, beating on M
Mc/rosidcros
Weinmannia species, Chcirodc1IdrOli
Cheirodendron species, Cyrtandra species and ferns;
Weinma1lnia
altitude 3,200 feet, November 28, 1931, 8 specimens, beating on Cheirodendron species and Freycinetia
ode1ldroll
Frcyc-inctia species; altitude 3,300 feet, November 27,
Sclerotheca species; LeBronnec. Teoatea,
1931, 1 specimen, beating on Sclcrothcca
Hakahetau Valley, altitude 1,950 and 2,000
2,0Cl0 feet, November 19, 1931, 22
22
etrosideros coUilla
collina and Vaceinium
Vacciniuln species; altitude
beating on M
specimens, heating
Metrosidcros
1931, 7 specimens; altitude 1,950 feet, November
2,200 feet, November
Novemher 20, 1931,7
Bernice P. Bishop Museul1L-Bulletin 142
21, 1931, 49 specimens, beating on 1'.1
coUina and ferns; altitude
M etrosideros collina
2,000 feet, November 20, 1931, 10 specimens, beating on Histiopteris specie,,;
speciel";
Vaihakaatiki, Hakahetal1
Hakahetau Valley, altitude 3,020 feet, November 18, 1931, 22
specimens, beating on Vaccinium species and Cy1-tandra
Cyrtandm species; altitude
2,800 feet, November 19, 1931, 2 specimens, beating on Freycinetia species;
Hapava, Hakahetal1
Hakahetau Valley, altitude 1,000 feet, November 23, 1931,32 specimens; LeBronnec. Teepotaootetoiki, Hakahetau
Hakahetal1 Valley, altitude 120 feet,
November 23, 1931, 3 specimens; Vaikokoo, Paaumea Valley, altitude
altitucle 2,000
.feet,
,feet, November 26, 1931, 1 specimen, beating on Weinmannia species; Teavaituhai, Paaumea Valley, altitude 3,020 feet, November 19, 1931, 2 specimens, beating on Vaccinium
Vacciniu111. species and Cyrtandra species; Teavanui, Paaumea Valley, altitude 2,9°0 feet, November 27, 1931, 5 specimens, beating on
Freycinetia species; Teavanui Pass, altitude 2,900 feet, November 30, 1931,
4 specimens, beating on c-jJathea
C'jlathea species and Angiopteris species; LeBronnec.
Tahuata: Hanamiai Valley, altitude 1,600 feet, May 28,
28,1930,
1930, 1 specimen,
sweeping over grass, LeBronnec and H. Tauraa. Kiinui, altitude 1,200 feet,
Hallamenino Valley, sea level, July 17, 1930,
June 14, 1930, 4 specimens; Hanamenino
Hallatuuna Valley, altitude 325 feet, July 19, 1930, 1 specimen;
10 specimens; Hanatuuna
Hanahevane Valley, seashore, August 16, 1930, 22 specimens; LeBronnec
and H. Tauraa.
Fatuhiva: Uia [Ouia] Valley, altitude 500 feet, September 2, 1930, 3
specimens, Teavaipuhiau, altitude 2,15° feet, August 25, 1930, 1 specimen,
cO'l'ljugatum; Teaotu, Hanavave Valley, altitude 700
sweeping over Paspalwn co·njugatum;
feet, September 9, 1930, 1 specimen, beating on Eugenia species; Tapuhiva,
Hanavave Valley, altitude 500 feet, September 9, 1930, 1 specimen; Teavaione, Omoa [Oomoa] Valley, altitude 1,7°0
1,700 feet, August 29, 1930; Tahuna,
2,05° feet, September 3, 193°,6
1930, 6 specimens; Tetana, Omoa [Oomoa]
altitude 2,°5°
Valley, altitude 500 feet, August 22, 1930, 7 specimens; Vaikoao, Omoa
[Oomoa] Valley, altitude 1,600 feet, August 29, 1930, 8 specimens, altitude
altitucle
1930,6 specimens; Ahuava, altitude 1,800 feet, Augu~t
August
1,500 feet, August 30, 193°,6
193°,9
19, 1930,
9 specimens; LeBronnec.
Eiao: near center, altitude 1,665 feet, September 28, 1929, 4 specimens,
on Hibiscus tiliaceus, Adamson; uplands, toward north and east side, altitude
1,875 feet, September 29, 1929, 7 specimens, Adamson; above Vaituha, altiviscosa, Adamtude 1,100 feet, October 2, 1929, 2 specimens, on Dodonaea v-iscosa,
son; altitude 1,600 feet, April 24, 1931, 3 specimens, LeBronnec and H.
Tauraa.
Mohotani: above Anaoa, altitude 160-650 feet, August 13, 1929, miscellaneous sweeping, 3 specimens, Adamson; altitude 200 feet, February 4, 1931,
9 specimens; altitude 300 feet, February 4, 1931, 2 specimens on Coreopsis
feet, February 3, 1931, 3 specimens; altitude 1,300
species; altitude 900 feet,'
Marquesan
Insects-III.
M
arqltcsan 1
nsects-lJ1.
17
feet, February 2, 1931,4 specimens; altitude 1AoO
IAoo feet, February 1, 1931,
Ageratum, cOIl'J':;oidcs;
conyzoides; altiWde
altitude 1,500 feet, February 1, 1931,
2 specimens, on Ageratum
4 specimens; LeBronnec and H. Tauraa.
Fatuuku: altitude 860 feet, November 19, 1930, 50 specimens, H. 'l'auraa.
Tauraa.
FIGURE
FICutt
3.-Larva of ChrySQpa
Chrysopa basoJis
basalis Walker.
J.-Larva
Chrysopa basalis Walker (fig. 3).
Larva. Dody
Body pale brownish yellow. The jaws with a narrow brown stripe along
their margin exteriorly. Basal antennal
antenna! joint rather stout, and with a brownish stripe
exterior margins; second joint unmarked, narrower than the basal
along the interior and e"'terior
joint but somewhat longer; the rest of the antennae finely brownish annulated. Head
with three pairs of brownish markings as shown in the figure. Prothorax
Prothora", broader than
long and with brown markings. Each front angle with a strongly developed tubercle,
setae. Mesothorax and metathorax;
metathorax with laterally
provided with a tuft of yellowish sdae.
sclerites dorsally. Mesothorax with a
placed tubercles, and with a pair of dark brown sclerite~
brown longitudinal median streak and a pair of two narrow obliquely placed brown
streaks in front or
of the sclerites. Abdominal segments 1I to 6 with brown tubercles laterally, bearing rather long yellowish setae. Dorsum of thorax and abdomen with numerous
minute short brown
hrown bristles and a few longer yellowish hairs. Legs yellowish white and
empodium brownish black. Under side or
of the body pale
yellowish haired; claws and cmpodium
brownish yellow.
Hivaoa: Kakahopuanui, altitude 2,610 feet, January 5,1932,5
5, 193 2 , 5 specimens,
beating 011
on Weinm(l.nni(l.
Weimnannia species; Kaava Ridge, altitude 2,75°
2,750 feet, January
Wei1l11Ulnnia species; altitude 2,800 feet,
6, 1932, 7 specimens, beating on Weimnannia
January 7, 8,)932,
On Metrasideros
Metrosideros coUina
collina and Weinmanma
8,.,1932, 16 specimens, on
WeimmmmIT
species; LeBronnec.
Vapou:
193 1, 4 speciUapou: Teavaituhai, altitude 3,000 feet, November 19, 1931,
mens; Vaikokoo, Paaumea Valley, altitude 2,000 feet, November 26, 1931,
4 specimens; Teavanui, altitude 2,9°0
27, 1931, 1 specimen;
2,900 feet, November 27.1931,1
Tekohepu summit, altitude 3,000 feet, November 30, 1931, 2 specimens;
LeBronnec.
Uahuka: Hanahoua Valley, altitude 280 feet, March 10, 1931, 1 speci·
specimen, LeBronnec and H. Tauraa.
,8
Bernice P. B1:shop
Museum-Bulletin 142
Bishop Mllscullr--Bulleli11142
Tahuata': Hanahevane Valley, seashore, July 16, 1930, 5 specimens, on
Tahuata~
Pisonia
PisQllia species; altitude 150 feet, July 17,
17. 1930, 10 specimens; LeBronnec
and H. Tauraa.
FIGURE
FICURE
4.-vVings
Archaeomicl·o'tl'/.1/S marquesana
(Kimmins).
4.-Willgs of ArchacolJlicrollllls
lIlorqur.smla (Kimmins),
Fatuhiva: Via [Ouia]
[Quia] Valley, altitude 15 feet,
HJ30, 1
fect, September 2,
2. 1930,
bartramia; Via [Quia] VaUcy,
Valley, altitude 500 fect.
feet,
specimen, on Triumfetta
Triumfctfa bartrmnia;
September 2, 1930,
U)30, 6 specimens; LeBronnec.
Eiao: toward northeast side, altitude 1,900 feet, September 29, 1929, 4
specimens, Adamson.
Mohotani: north part, altitude 200 feet, February 4, 1931,
1931,44 specimens,
clochia velutina,
H. Tauraa.
on M
Mclocllia
veluN11a, LeBronnec and I-I.
Hatutu: middle,
middle. east side, altitude 800 feet, September 30, 1929, 22
specimens, Adamson.
It is, of course, not absolutely certain that the larvae belong to the
species Chrysopa basalis, but
hut I think it is most probable because this is the
only species known from the islands. A study of its life history will, I hope,
confirm this supposition.
FAMILY HEMEROBIIDAE
Archaeomicromus marquesana (Kimmins) (fig. 4).
esomicro111,us nUJyqllesallD
marquesa.na. Kimmins: The Entomologist, p. 160, figs.
N esomicrolJlus
ftgs. 4,
193 2 (Marquesas Islands).
5, 1932
Hivaoa: Tenatinaei,
3,97° feet, January 12, 1932,
Tcnatinaei, Feani Ridge, altitude 3,970
LeBronnec. Temetiu,
22 individuals; January 13, 1932,
1932,22 males, 22 females; l.eBronncc.
slope north of summit, altitude 3,860 feet, December 30, 1930, 22 females,
at light, H. Tauraa.
Vapou:
Uapou: Vaihakaatiki, altitude 2,800 feet, November 19, 1931, 11 male,
LeBronnec.
LcBronnec.
esomicromus
Nesomicromus
Kimmins placed this species provisionally in the genus N
Perkins, but it now has to be transferred to Archaeomicromus,
ArchaeomicroHtlIs, which genus
contains the second known Polynesian species, A. navigatorum
navigatoyum Brauer.