World History Benchmark Study Guide
Spring 2015 – Benchmark: Thursday, March 26, 2014
People:
 Martin Luther
 John Calvin
 Henry VIII
 Gutenberg
 Louis XIV
 Tokugawa Ieyasu
 Peter the Great
 Copernicus
 Galileo
 Newton
 John Locke
 Thomas Jefferson
 Touissant L’Ouverture
 Simón Bolívar
 Napoleon
 Karl Marx
 Adam Smith
Events:
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Protestant Reformation
Counter Reformation
Council of Trent
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
French Revolution
Tennis Court Oath
Congress of Vienna
Industrial Revolution
Berlin Conference
Vocabulary and Ideas:
 Palace of Versailles
 Natural rights
 Declaration of Independence
 Imperialism
 Social Darwinism
 Laissez-faire
 Alliance System
 Causes of WWI
 Trench warfare
 Unrestricted submarine
warfare
 armistice
 Treaty of Versailles
Review Questions:
1. How did Martin Luther begin the Protestant Reformation?
2. What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation?
3. What was the main issue that Martin Luther and John Calvin disagreed upon?
4. Why was Henry VIII important?
5. Why was the Council of Trent important?
6. What were the effects of the Protestant Reformation?
7. What was the Counter Reformation?
8. What was the importance of Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press?
9. Why did Louis XIV build Versailles?
10. Why was Peter the Great important?
11. Why was Tokugawa Ieyasu important?
12. How did Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton contribute to the advancement of society?
13. What are natural rights? What are some examples of violations of natural rights?
14. Why is government needed according to John Locke?
15. What event and whose ideas influenced the writing and ideas of the Declaration of Independence?
16. What were the causes of the French Revolution?
17. What was the Tennis Court Oath?
18. Why are Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and Thomas Jefferson important?
19. What was the role of geography in Napoleon’s downfall?
20. What were the two countries Napoleon was unable to defeat?
21. Why was the Congress of Vienna important?
22. What was the Industrial Revolution?
23. Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?
24. What was the first industry to industrialize?
25. How did the Industrial Revolution impact cities?
26. What were the main ideas of Adam Smith?
27. What were the main ideas of Karl Marx?
28. What major time period led to the Age of Imperialism?
29. What is Social Darwinism?
30. What was the Berlin Conference?
31. How did imperialism affect the nations of Africa?
32. What were the long-term causes of WWI?
33. Why did the alliance system cause WWI?
34. Which countries formed the Triple Entente in 1907? Why did the Triple Entente form?
35. What was the short-term/immediate cause of WWI?
36. Why did most of the fighting along the Western Front during WWI remain in relatively one location?
37. Why did the United States enter WWI?
38. What event ended the fighting of WWI?
39. What were the terms and conditions of the Treaty of Versailles?
40. How did WWI impact Russia?
41. Describe the Battle of Verdun.
42. Describe Balkan nationalism.