The University of the State of New York
319TH
lIlCH SCIIO()L Ii~XA:\TI:\'ATIO:\'
EARTH SCIENCE
Thursday, August 20, 1953 - 8.30 to 11.30 a. m., only
W rite at top of first page of answer paper (a) names of schools where you have studied, (b) number
of weeks and recitations a week in earth science previous to entering summer high school, with the total
number of laboratory periods and the length of such periods, (c) number of recitations in this subject
attended in summer high school of 1953 or number and lengths in minutes of lessons taken in the summer
of 1953 under a tutor licensed in the subject and supervised by the principal of the school you last attended.
The minimum time requirement is five periods a week for a school year, including at least one prepared laboratory period or its equivalent.
[Two unprepared laboratory periods are considered the
equivalent of one prepared laboratory period. At least 30 laboratory exercises are required.] The summer session will be considered the equivalent of one semester's work during the regular session (five
periods a week for half a school year).
For those pupils who have met the time requirement the minimum passing mark is 65 credits; for
all others 75 credits.
For admission to this examination attendance on at least 30 recitations in this subject in a registered
summer high school in 1953 or an equivalent program of tutoring approved in advanced by the Department is required.
N an1e of pupiL
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N atne of school..
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-.-.,..--.----
-.- .
Answer all questions in part I and five questions from part II. Answers to the questions in
part I should be written on the question paper as directed and handed in with the other answer
paper. Answers should be numbered and lettered to correspond with the questions.
Part I
Answer all questions in part I.
W rite on the line at the right of each statement the number preceding the word or expression
that best completes the statement.
[25]
1 The instrument used to find latitude is the ( 1) chronometer (2) seismograph
(4 ) spectroscope
( 3) sextant
2 The cooling of a layer of moist air at the ground may result in
(1) cumulus
clouds
(2) fog
(3) hail
(4) increased evaporation
3 The breaking of minerals in such a way that smooth, flat surfaces are produced
is known as
( 1) cleavage
(2) fracture
(3) luster
(4 ) streak
4 At night the earth loses heat mainly by
( 1) accumulation
(2) conduction
( 3 ) convection
(4 ) radiation
5 The rotation of the earth always deflects winds in the Northern Hemisphere
( 1) eastward
(2) westward
( 3 ) to the left
(4 ) to the right
6 The boundary between air masses of different characteristics is called
( 1) a divide
(2) a front
(3) an isobar
(4 ) an isotherm
7 An important agent of chemical weathering is
( 1) argon
(2) carbonic acid
( 3) nitrogen
(4 ) wind
( 1) atolls
(2) deltas
8 The Pacific islands used for atom bomb testing are
(4 ) sand bars
( 3) lava flows
9 A talus deposit results from the action of
(l)glaciers
(2) gravity
( 3 ) streams
( 4 ) wind
10 An example of folded mountains in the United States is the
(l)Adirondacks
(2) Appalachians
(3)Black Hills
(4) Sierra Nevada
11 The Beaufort scale is used to indicate
( 1) humidity
(2) pressure
(3) temperature
(4 ) wind velocity
12 The greatest wind shift usually takes place at the passage of a ( 1) cold front
(2) polar front
(3) stationary front
(4 ) warm front
[1]
1
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2
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3
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5
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6
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7
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9
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10
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11
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12
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[OVER]
EARTH SCIENCE -
continued
13 'I'he principal mineral in sandstone is ( 1) calcite (2) feldspar (3) gYP~111l1
(4) quartz
14 The horizontal structure of the Catskills shows that the region is
(1) an old
mountain range
(2) a peneplane
( 3 ) a piedmont plane
(4) an eroded plateau
15 Stalactites are composed of
( 1) calcite
(2) gypSU111
(3 ) ice
(4 ) mica
16 Air masses that invade the United States from the Gulf of Mexico are (1) cP
(2)cT
(3)mP
(4)nlT
(1) basalt
(2) marble
17 A tough igneous rock used in road building is
( 3) pumice
(4 ) slate
18 The highest temperature of the day usually occurs
(1) between 11 a. m. and
noon
(2) at noon
( 3) 1 to 3 hours after noon
(4 ) near sunset
19 Two river systems are separated by
( 1) an alluvial fan
(2) a divide
( 3) a flood plain
(4 ) a gully
(1) continental coastal areas
20 The greatest extremes in temperature occur in
(2) continental interiors
( 3 ) equatorial areas
(4 ) ocean areas
( 1) northeast
21 South of the equator the trade winds blow from the
(2) southeast
( 3) southwest
(4 ) west
(I)Alaska
22 Quiet or oozing eruptions are characteristic of volcanoes In
(2) Hawaii
(3)]apan
(4)the West Indies
23 The weather element that can be determined without an instrument is
( 1) ceiling
(2) dew point
( 3) pressure
(4 ) visibility
24 Kettle holes are a feature of ( 1) flood plains (2) lake plains ( 3) peneplanes
(4) till planes
25 A syncline is ( 1) a dome (2) a downfold (3) a sloping layer (4) an upfold
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14-
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15
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17.. ' ...
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25
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W rite on the line at the right of ea.ch statement the word or expression that, when inserted in the
blank, will make the statement true.
[15]
26 The two chief characteristics of a cP air mass are that it is cold
and ....
26
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27 The chief cause of tides is the gravitational pull of the ....
28 Masses of rock and metal that enter our atmosphere from outer space
· are called ....
27
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28
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29 Sinkholes are numerous in areas where the bedrock is mainly ....
29
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30 If a river completely cuts through a meander, a (an) ... results.
30
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31 Erosion by . ... is most active in regions of dry climate.
31
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32 A lunar eclipse can occur only at the ... phase of the moon.
32
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33 The star nearest our solar system is named ....
33
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34
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34 The Niagara River is in its ... stage of development.
35 An annular eclipse of the sun occurs when the umbra of the moon
does not reach the ....
35
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36 The zero contour line on a map represents ....
36
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37 The movement of bedrock along fault lines causes ....
37
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38 A stream that has sand and clay in its bed will pick up the ... first.
38
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39
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40
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39 The largest of the planets is ....
40 Rocks which formed by settling in ocean water are known as
rocks.
[2]
EARTH SCIENCE -
continued
In some of the following statements the italicized terrn makes the statement incorrect. For each
incorrect statement, write on the line at the right the term that must be substituted for the italicized
term to make the statement correct. For each correct statement, write the word true on the line at
the right.
[10]
41 The fair weather convective clouds are called cumulus.
41
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42 The temperature of a star is indicated by its color.
42
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43 Deltas are built by wave action.
43
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44 J\10st of the lakes in the northern part of the United States are the
result of glaciation.
44
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45 Mesas and buttes are remnants left when a mountain region is eroded.
45
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46 The scale fraction __1_ on a contour map indicates that one inch
62,500
on the map corresponds to an approximate distance on the ground of
tuio feet.
46
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49 Daily weather changes take place in the troposphere.
47
48
49
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50 The change of date occurs at the Creemoich meridian.
50
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47 There are many bays along a coastline of submergence.
48 The earth is farthest from the sun about January 1.
Part II
Answer five questions from part II.
T;fleather
Actual
Reading
Element
3
I nstrumen t [Jsed
to .1\1alee Reading
1
_I~r--...
dew point
68 .0.
wind direction
1013.2 millibars
82° F.
a Complete the above table on this paper by referring to the station model at the left.
[8]
b Place the two readings given in the above table in the correct position and manner on the
station model at the left.
[2]
2 C0111pare rivers and glaciers with respect to the following points:
a shape of valley [2]
b source of transported materials
[2J
c effect of each on the shape of rock during transportation [2]
d cause of deposition
[2]
e characteristics of the deposits
[2]
3 a What three characteristics of planets distinguish them from stars? [3]
b Which planets have orbits smaller than the orbit of the earth?
[2]
c Name one planet that is never visible at midnight. Explain why.
[1, 1]
d Which two characteristics of Mars are almost like those of the earth?
e Which planet has the greatest numher of satellites?
[1]
[3]
[ 2]
[OVER]
EARTH SCIENCE -
concluded
-t a Why are several springs often found at the same elevation on a hillside?
b
c
d
e
Why
Why
\Vhy
Why
5 a What is the relationship of the dust in the air to rain?
b
c
d
e
(2j
[2]
[2]
do SOUle streams continue to flow during a period of drought?
do S0t11e stream beds become dry during a period of drought?
is the water in some wells hard?
[2J
is the water in SOUle rivers in Yellowstone Park hot?
[2]
[2]
Why is rain associated with fronts?
[2]
From which two cloud forms does rain fall?
[2J
Why is the rainfall heavier on the windward side of a mountain?
Describe the device that measures rainfall.
[2]
[2]
6 The mineral resources of the world are becoming increasingly important to man.
a Why does a prospector use a Geiger counter?
[2]
b Name (1) an ore of aluminum, (2) an ore of iron and (3) an ore of uranium, making
your choice from the following: bauxite, galena, graphite, hematite, magnetite, pitchblende.
[1, 1, 1]
c What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? [2]
d Name one metamorphic rock and explain how it is formed.
[1, 2]
7 a Explain the difference between latitude and longitude.
[2]
b I-Iow does the North Star help a navigator to find his latitude?
[2]
c How does a navigator use Greenwich time to find his longitude?
[2]
d When it is 7 p. m. on August 1 at the Prime Meridian, what is the time and date (1) at
Chicago (90 0 W) and (2) at Calcutta (90 0 E) ? [1, 1, 1, 1]
8 The following questions refer to the
contour map:
a State the contour interval used on
this map.
[2]
b In what direction does Calhoun
River flow?
How do you
know?
[1, 1]
c Can the rim of the depression be seen
from hill 214? Explain.
[1, 1]
d How far, to the nearest quarter mile}
is it from D to A?
[2]
e State the height of the bridge above
the river and the elevation of the
bridge above sea level.
[1, 1]
f _ ..
0
"
Scale of Mllu
[4]