Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Organization of Matter
1
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Review: CPs and NCPs
Non­Characteristic Properties: A physical or chemical property that is NOT UNIQUE to one particular substance
Characteristic Properties: A physical or chemical property that IS UNIQUE to a particular substance
2
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Characteristic or Non­Characteristic
CP
NCP
Density
Shape
Magnetism
Colour
Melting Point
Mass
Solubility
Volume
Boiling Point
Temperature
3
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Review: Organization of Matter Vocabulary
Atom
smallest unit that makes up matter
Element
substance made from one type of atom
Molecule
group of atoms that are chemically bonded
Pure Substance
only one type of particle
Compound
Mixture
Heterogeneous pure substance formed by combining two or more different atoms
two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined
mixture with visible differences
Mixture
Homogeneous mixture with no visible difference
Mixture
Solution
homogeneous mixture, impossible to distinguish under magnification
Colloid
homogeneous mixture, distinguishable under magnification
4
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Matter
Pure
Substances
??
Elements
Compounds
??
Mixtures
??
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
??
??
Colloid
Solution
??
5
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Identifying Substances in the Lab
­Often we are asked to identify various substances in the lab based on their physical or chemical properties
­Specifically, we are able to identify them by testing for the presence of characteristic properties
6
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Tests for Identification
Substance
Test
Reaction
Electroconductivity Presence of H2O
pH level
Presence of Glucose
Presence of Protein
Presence of Fat
Presence of H2 Gas
Presence of O2 Gas
Presence of CO2 Gas
7
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Review: Changes to Matter
Physical Change: appearance of the substance is changed but not the nature of the substance
Chemical Change: two or more substances (reactants) react with each other to produce a new product. This product is chemically different than either of the reactants.
8
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Signs of a Chemical Change
1) Change in colour
2) Formation of a gas (bubbles in a liquid, or the presence of "smoke")
3) Formation of a precipitate (when two liquids are mixed and a solid forms, which settles to the bottom)
4) Variation in heat (gets warmer or cooler)
5) Emits a light
9
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Types of Chemical Changes
­ To represent a chemical transformation we use equations
+
A
B
AB
­The substances on the left are the reactants, and on the right are the products
10
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Synthesis Reaction
­ Two or more substances COMBINE to produce a new substance
+
A
B
AB
­The resulting product has a greater mass than either of the reactants individually
EXAMPLES:
2H2 + O2 ­­­> 2H2O Hydrogen + Oxygen ­­­> Water
Cl2 + 2Na ­­­> 2NaCl Chlorine + Sodium ­­­> Sodium Chloride (table salt)
Burning Magnesium
11
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Decomposition Reaction
­ A compound is broken down into 2 or more substances
+
AB
A
B
­ The resulting products have a lower mass (individually) than the initial reactant
EXAMPLES:
2H2O ­­> 2H2 + O2 Water ­­> Hydrogen + Oxygen
2NaHCO3 ­­> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) ­­> Sodium Carbonate + Carbon Dioxide + Water
Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
12
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Oxidation Reaction
­ Occurs when a substance combines with one or more atoms of oxygen
­ The resulting substance is an OXIDE
­ Oxidation reactions are synthesis reactions that involve oxygen
EXAMPLES:
4Fe + 3O2 ­­­> Fe2O3 Iron + Oxygen ­­­> Iron oxide (rust)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ­­­> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen ­­­> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Oxidizing Glucose (Gummy Bear Sacrifice)
13
Untitled3517.notebook
September 29, 2016
Precipitation Reaction
­ Occurs when two substances in solution combine to form a new substance that is insoluble in the solution
­ Insoluble: incapable of being dissolved
­ This insoluble substance is called the precipitate
EXAMPLE:
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) ­­­> PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq) Lead (II) Nitrate + Potassium Iodide ­­­> Lead (II) Iodide + Potassium Nitrate
Precipitation for Relaxation
14
Attachments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64LMt9iUflU
Burning Magnesium
Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide ﴾H2O2﴿
Oxidizing Glucose ﴾Gummy Bear Sacrifice﴿
Precipitation for Relaxation