APE CRANIAL CAPACITY
Compiled by Christian Heckmann Engelbrecht, 2011
Timespan
Name
Taxon From To
Proconsul
Sivapithecus*
Dryopithecus*
Hispanopithecus
Oreopithecus
"Toumaï"*
"Ardi"
"Lucy"
"Taung"
"Nutcracker Man"
Homo Ergaster
"Able Man"
"Robust Man"
Homo Rudolfensis
"Erect Man"
"Heidelberg Man"
Neanderthal
"Hobbit Man"
Human (male)*
Human (female)*
Proconsul Heseloni
Sivapithecus Indicus
Dryopithecus Fontani
Hispanopithecus Hungaricus
Oreopithecus Bambolii
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis
Ardipithecus Ramidus
Australopithecus Afarensis
Australopithecus Africanus
Paranthropus Boisei
Homo Ergaster
Homo Habilis
Paranthropus Robustus
Homo Rudolfensis
Homo Erectus
Homo Heidelbergensis
Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis
Homo Floresiensis
Homo Sapiens Sapiens
Homo Sapiens Sapiens
Sumatran Orangutan (male)
Sumatran Orangutan (female)
Bornean Orangutan(male)
Bornean Orangutan (female)
Eastern Gorilla (male)
Eastern Gorilla (female)
Western Gorilla (male)
Western Gorilla (female)
Bonobo (male)
Bonobo (female)
Common Chimpanzee (male)
Common Chimpanzee (female)
Pongo Abelii
Pongo Abelii
Pongo Pygmaeus
Pongo Pygmaeus
Gorilla Beringei
Gorilla Beringei
Gorilla Gorilla
Gorilla Gorilla
Pan Paniscus
Pan Paniscus
Pan Troglodytes
Pan Troglodytes
m/k Climate zone
19
17 mya Tropical
12,5 10,5 mya Tropical
12
9 mya Tropical
9
9 mya Tropical
9
7 mya Tropical
7
7 mya Tropical
4,4 4,4 mya Tropical
3,9 2,9 mya Tropical
3
2 mya Tropical
2,6 1,2 mya Tropical
2,5 1,7 mya Tropical
2,3 1,4 mya Tropical
2
2 mya Tropical
1,9 1,9 mya Tropical
1,9 0,1 mya Tropical to subtropical
800 400 kya Tropical to subtropical
600
30 kya Subtropical to Subarctic
74
13 kya Tropical
125 Extant
Tropical to arctic
125 Extant
Tropical to arctic
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Extant
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Habitat
Range
Taxonomic Affiliation
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Semi‐aquatic
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Disputed: Semi‐aquatic/Arboreal/Grassland
Possible generalist
Possible generalist
Possible generalist
Possible generalist
Generalist
Generalist
E Africa
S Asia
Eurasia
Eurasia
Mediterranean
E Africa
E Africa
E Africa
S Africa
E Africa
E/S Africa
E Africa
S Africa
E Africa
E/S Africa & E Asia
E/S Africa & Eurasia
Europe & W Asia
SE Asia
Global
Global
Considered common ancestor to all apes
Possible Dryopithecus branch, likely ancestor to Pongo
Speculated common ancestor to Pan, Gorilla & Homo
Possible Dryopithecus branch
Speculated human ancestor
Possible human ancestor
Considered human ancestor
Considered human ancestor
Possible human ancestor
Possible dead branch
Likely human ancestor
Likely human ancestor
Possible dead branch
Likely human ancestor
Likely human ancestor
Likely human ancestor
Likely human side‐branch
Possible last Homo Erectus
[N/A]
[N/A]
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arboreal
SE Asia
SE Asia
SE Asia
SE Asia
C Africa
C Africa
C Africa
C Africa
C Africa
C Africa
C/W Africa
C/W Africa
Genus Pongo
Genus Pongo
Genus Pongo
Genus Pongo
Genus Gorilla
Genus Gorilla
Genus Gorilla
Genus Gorilla
Genus Pan
Genus Pan
Genus Pan
Genus Pan
Main Source: David M. Alba: "Cognitive inferences in fossil apes (Primates, Hominoidea): does encephalization reflect intelligence?", 2010
*Exceptions:
Wikipedia
http://australianmuseum.net.au/image/Front‐view‐of‐Proconsul‐heseloni‐skull‐cast
http://zinjanthropus.wordpress.com/2008/11/
Laszlo Kordos & David R. Begun: "A new cranium of Dryopithecus from Rudabanya, Hungary", 2001
Cranial Capacity cc
Body Mass kg CC/BM
167,00
300,00
438,00
452,00
521,00
871,00
612,00
530,00
752,00
1016,00
1198,00
1512,00
417,00
1500,00
1200,00
51,0
37,0
35,5
41,5
61,0
34,5
36,0
55,5
57,0
62,0
76,0
27,4
79,5
59,0
11,13
[No data]
10,67
10,63
6,25
[No data]
5,88
11,84
12,73
12,55
14,28
17,74
14,72
13,55
17,82
19,32
19,89
15,22
18,87
20,34
437,78
341,21
417,03
337,72
502,40
480,15
524,92
455,89
356,33
326,25
386,16
350,54
84,5
41,1
80,1
36,9
162,5
97,5
170,4
71,5
45,0
33,2
49,6
40,4
5,18
8,30
5,21
9,15
3,09
4,92
3,08
6,38
7,92
9,83
7,79
8,68
[No data]
15,0
[No data]
320,00
329,46
200,00
[No data]
30,0
31,0
32,0
[No data]